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131 lETWIlaggy SC7 LwD) Vol. 72, No. 7 JULY/AUGUST 1967 CONTENTS EDITORIAL 3 HUMANISM AND SOCIAL WORK . 4 by Richard Cements, 0.B.E. RECIPROCAL ATTITUDES OF NORTH AND SOUTH IN ENGLAND . 7 by Prof. T. H. Pear NEW ETHICAL PROBLEMS IN MEDICINE 10 by Dr. D. Stark Murray WAR AS AN INDUSTRY . 13 by Prof. Hyman Levy ADEN AND THE YEMEN . 15 by Lord Sorensen BOOK REVIEWS: PARLIAMENTARY GOD GUARANTEE . 18 by Rona Gerber POLITICAL SANCTUARY 19 by Barbara Smoker FROM THE SECRETARY 20 To THE EDITOR 21 WHAT'S HAPPENED? 21 SOUTH PLACE NEWS 22 Published by SO_ MICE ETHICAL OC)gIETT Conway Hall Humanist Centre Red Lion Square, London, WCI SOUTH PLACE ETHICAL SOCIETY OFFICERS: Secretary: Mr. H. G. Knight Hall Manager and Lettings Secretary: Miss E. Palmer Hon. Registrar: Miss E. Palmer Hon. Treasurer: Mr. W. Bynner Editor, "The Ethical Record": Miss Barbara Smoker Address: Conway Hall Humanist Centre, Red Lion Square, London, W.C.1 (Tel.: CHAncery 8032) SUNDAY MORNING MEETINGS, 11a.m. July 2—Prof. T. H. PEAR A Psychologist's Views on Debates Baritone solos: Norman liodgkinson July 9—RICHARD CLEMENTS, O.B.E. Joseph McCabe (Centenary Lecture) Soprano solos: Olive Shaw July 16—H. J. BLACKHAM Is Virtue Out of Date? Bass solos: G. C. Dowman July 23—SAUL CROWN Euthanasia Piano solos: Joyce Langly SUNDAY MORNING MEETINGS are then suspended until October 1, 1967 at 11 a.m. S.P.E.S. ANNUAL REUNION Sunday, September 24th, 1967, 3 p.m. in the LARGE HALL at CONWAY HUMANIST CENTRE Informal meeting of members and friends (3 p.m.) Programme of Music (3.30 p.m.) and Speeches by leaders of Humanist organisations Buffet Tea (5 p.m.) Tickets free from the General Secretary CONWAY MEMORIAL LECTURE: Tuesday, October 3, 1967, at 7.30 p.m. MARGHANITA LASKI: The Secular Responsibility (see page 23) CONWAY DISCUSSIONS will resume on Tuesdays at 6.30 p.m. from October 10, 1967 The 77th season of SOUTH PLACE SUNDAY CONCERTS will open on October 1, 1967, at 6.30 p.m. HUMANIST WEEK: October 21-29, 1967 The Objects of the Society are the study and dissemination of ethical principles and the cultivation of rational religious sentiment. Any person in sympathy with these objects is cordially invited to become a Member (minimum annual subscription 12s. 6d.). A membership application form will be found on the back cover. The Ethical Record is posted free to members. The annual charge to subscribers is 8s. Matter for publication in the Septernber issue should reach the Editor, Miss Barbara Smoker, 6 Stanstcad Grove, S.E.6. by August 5. THE ETHICAL RECORD (Formerly 'The Monthly Record') vol. 72. No. 7 JULY/AUGUST 1967 The views expressed in this journal are not necessarily those of the Society EDITORIAL THANKS chiefly to the "hot line" between Washington and Moscow and the determination of those on either end of it not to be drawn into the "holy war" between Judaism and Islam, the fighting was all over within a week—but to the thousands killed, injured, or bereaved, it was no minor incident. And it was thanks to the same two great powers plus two other (somewhat less great) powers, France and Britain, that there were any arms for either side to fight with at all. It is said that almost every single person killed or injured, on either side, had got a bit of British hardware inside him (or her); and one of the holy causes for which these lives were sacrificed was the solution of the British balance- of-payments problem. The article in this issue by Professor Levy—though written before that war broke out and though dealing more directly with the other, far from brief, conflict further east—is very pertinent to the Middle East hostilities, since it exposes this obscene export trade. One of the official appointments created by the present British Government on attaining office was, alongside a Minister of Disarmament, an Arms Salesman—the two of them playing the complementary roles of angel and devil, to keep, the powers of good and evil finely balanced. So much for the Party of Peace! The embargo piously announced during the actual fighting was lifted again as soon as thc shooting stopped, so that the ammunition used and equipment destroyed could be replaced without delay. Weapons for all! Buy British! But the supply of armaments is only half the battle. The other half is political tension, and this has never been absent from Israel's fron- tiers since they were first drawn on the map. The ireally important part of the war is still to come: the peace settlement. This requires generosity on the part of the victorious Israelis, realism on the part of the defeated Arabs, wisdom on the part of the great powers and the U.N., and general recognition that there is right on both sides. If, in return for Arab acceptance of Israel as a nation, the Palestinian refugees were given political rights, material compensation, and a decent home—the potentially fertile west bank of the Jordan?—with the benefit of Israeli technical know-how to realise its potential, and if, with international !financial aid, Israel were also to help her various neighbours to bring about the scientific miracle of making the desert bloom, the Hundred Hours' War might prove to be one of the very few wars in bistory to achieve anything positive, and (Jehovah/Allah willing) there could be stability and a lasting peace in the Middle East in our time. 3 Humanism and Social Work BY RICHARD CLEMENTS Vicroa HuGo wrote that "there is nothing more powerful than an idea when its time has come". Certainly one of the ideas that has come into its own in the twentieth century is social work. By this term is now meant the conscious efforts •of individuals, groups, voluntary organisations and statutory agencies, to secure for all citizens freedom, security •and other rights which will enable them to live a creative and happy life. This concept underlies today the policy and work of the group of nations in the western world, as well as those to be found elsewhere, which now describe themselves as welfare states. And it seems likely, in spite of the irrational opposition of a reactionary minority, that such states will become the predominant type of government in the modern world. The Pioneers This is a development of great interest to everyone who strives for the peaceful progress of all nations. For our own country it has been one element in the conscious and tireless efforts to civilise our way of life. Amongst the men and women who played pioneering roles in this chapter of our history, may be mentioned Robert Owen, Francis Place, George Jacob Holyoake, 'Elizabeth Fry, Florence Nightingale, Sidney and Beatrice Webb, Charles Booth and Seebohm Rowntree. The names of many notable freesthinkers and humanists are found associated with this group of social pathfinders. Liberal-minded men in the Churches and religious organisations also played their part in social movements, e.g. Charles Kingsley, Frederick 'Maurice and many enlightened Unitarians, Quakers and Free Churchmen. The nineteenth century thus witnessed the birth of new ideas and the awakening of the public conscience on intellectual, social and ethical questions. 1ts great thinkers and writers, such men as Carlyle, Ruskin, Bentham, Mill, Marx, Green, Hobhouse, Dicey and others, contributed to a new conception of human society and man's place in it. They injected a richer content and meaning into both social theory and action. Sir George Trevelyan has admirably described this aspect of life in the Victorian age: It was the age of Trade Unions, Co -operative and Benefit Societies, Leagues, Boards, Commissions. Committees for every conceivable purpose o,f philan- thropy and culture. Not even the dumb animals were left without organised protection. The nineteenth century rivalled the Middle Ages in its power to create fresh forms of corporate and institutional life, while yielding little to the eighteenth century in the spirit of self-help and personal initiative. The list of great men whom the nineteenth century produced is often repeated; the list of new organisations that it created would be yet longer and no less significant.' The cumulative effect of the work of the social pioneers, the new thinkers and writers on philosophy, economics, politics, religious and ethical subjects, was to inaugurate an age of radical criticism and reforms. New qualities of social influence and leadership were brought to bear upon the life of •modern society. The dramatic change which occurred in social thought and action can best be grasped by contrasting the opinions which existed in the opening decade of the nineteenth century with those which dominated thinkers, writers and statesmen at the close of the century. I History of England, pp. 616-7. 4 Private Charity From the middle •of the eighteenth century to the time of the Reform Act 1832 —Britain's age of laissez-faire—industrialism changed the old life and habits of the country. The new forms of wealth production gave glittering wealth to landlords, bankers and the nascent capitalist class; and, at the same time, in contrast with the grim realities which divided our people into the "Two Nations" depicted in Disraeli's novels, one of the rich and the other of the poor, there was abroad in the land a belief in human progress and a will to work for reform in the minds of the people. Unhappily there was little in the orthodox religion, philosophy, politics or social teachings of the time to correct and guide the masses in dealing with the admitted evils inherent in the new economic order.