DOCSLIB.ORG

A Review of Close-Range Engineering Photogrammetry

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Review of Close-Range Engineering Photogrammetry XIII Congress of the International Society for Photogrammetry Helsinki, 1976 Commission V lnvited Paper K. B. ATKINSON University College London London, WClE 6BT, United Kingdom A Review of Close-Range Engineering Photogrammetry Recent applications of close-range photogrammetry to engineering, and some of the problems encountered, are discussed. INTRODUCTION bonnell, 1974) is the third in a comprehen­ T IS POSSIBLE to gain a certain degree ofsatis­ sive series of reports on developments in ar­ I faction from the achievements ofCommis­ chitectural photogrammetry which have sion V ofthe International Society for Photo­ taken place since Carbonnell (1969) gave an grammetry during recent years. Non­ invited paper to this Commission at the XIth topographic photogrammetry is being International Congress of Photogrammetry in applied in an ever increasing number of Lausanne. Attention has since been focussed ways. More and more measurement prob­ upon medical applications of photogram­ lems are being solved by photogrammetric metry and the Commission V symposium in techniques. In 1968, Commission V directed 1974 was devoted to this topic (Karara and ABSTRACT, There is little doubt that photogrammetry will be applied to an increasing extent in the solution of measurement problems in engineering. Already there are indications that the number and vari­ ety ofapplications is growing. An attempt has been made to review recently published examples, the majority of which have been re­ ported from the United Kingdom. They include the recording and measurement ofdam displacements, unstable geological structures, snow cover, soil, structural and hydraulic models, constructional problems, and box girder load tests. The paper concludes by indicat­ ing some of the problems which beset these applications of close­ range photogrammetry. Their solution would help to further the wider acceptance of these techniques. our attention towards the needs of architec­ Herron, 1974). An International Exploratory ture, archaeology, and the conservation of Committee on Biomedical Photogrammetry what is worthwhile of our man made herit­ has since been seeking ways of furthering age. The result was the establishment ofthe this development. International Committee on Architectural It would appear that engineering or indus­ Photogrammetry which has since fostered trial applications of photogrammetry might developments in this field with conspicious offer a further rewarding field of activity. success. Their most recent publication (Car- Those who are in a pessimistic frame ofmind PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING, 57 Vol. 42, No.1, January 1976, pp. 57-69. 58 PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING & REMOTE SENSING, 1976 may say that several attempts to apply close­ significant application in shipbuilding, range photogrammetry to engineering prob­ which was described by Newton (1974), has lems have met with only limited success and now been joined by the establishment of a their widespread adoption has not occurred. photogrammetric unit associated with the Lacmann (1950) described many examples in construction ofoil rigs. Both aspects will be his text book, several of which date from the fully explained in another invited paper* to early part ofthe 20th century. To this writer's be given to the XIIIth International Congress. knowledge, applications in the motor and These developments have resulted from co­ chemical industries were eventually discon­ operation between the University ofNewcas­ tinued, despite the proven success of the tIe upon Tyne and the British Ship Research photogrammetric methods (Farrand, 1965). Association in the first case, and between the This appears to have been because, very of­ University and Longdin and Browning (Sur­ ten, the engineer chooses to use those veys) Ltd. in the second. methods and equipment with which he is Because they are the subject ofan invited familiar, unless the alternative offers distinct paper**from the United Kingdom, it is ap­ advantages. Ifphotogrammetry is just as good propriate to mention here the impact of co­ as, but no better than, an established tech­ herent optical methods on measurement nique, it is unlikely to be adopted because it problems in engineering. Developments requires expertise and equipment which are have already been reported by Gates (1975) relatively unusual. However, there are cir­ and Burch and Forno (1975) of methods cumstances in which photogrammetry may which are being evolved at the National be applied to advantage and this paper enu­ Physical Laboratory and, in the latter case, in merates some ofthem and indicates possible collaboration with the Transport and Road lines of development. Research Laboratory. Burch and Forno were specifically concerned with measurements of RECENT ENGINEERING ApPLICATIONS. WITH deflections of a large beam under load by PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO WORK IN THE UNITED using techniques which, hitherto, had not KINGDOM In an attempt to limit the coverage of this paper, it was decided to review engineering applications of photogrammetry which have been published since January, 1972 or which are known to be in progress. The majority of examples which will be cited have originated in the United Kingdom but similar.work has taken place in a number of other countries. January, 1972 was chosen as a suitable date because most work reported at the XIIth International Congress ofPhotogrammetry in Ottawa would have been prepared or pub­ lished before that date. Readers in search of examples of earlier work could consult, for example, FIG. 1 A scheme to double the carriageway ofa Bulletin de la Societe Franc;aise de road near Plymouth, Devon involved a section of Photogrammetrie, 22 (1966) which contains excavation in rock. The southern extremity is articles on the application of close-range shown in one ofthe survey photographs, together photogrammetry in the hydro-electric power with adjoining property and a retaining wall and industry;joumal ofjapan Society for Photo­ slope stabilisation measures. The determination grammetry, Special Volume 2 (1966) which ofquantities for a further extensive retaining wall contains the papers given at the Commission could be made from the results of a photogram­ V symposium ofthat year; and reviews by the metric survey which was carried out by Univer­ author (Atkinson, 1968 and 1972b), both of sity College London and Cartographical Serv­ which include sections on, and references to, ices (Southampton) Ltd. for Devon County close-range engineering photogrammetry. Council. The period under review has seen further gradual development of non-topographic Invited papers, Commission V, International Con­ photogrammetry in the United Kingdom. gress of Photogrammetry, 1976. * Close-range photogrammetry as an aid to mea­ Engineering applications form a substantial surement of marine structures, by 1. Newton. section of this development. Perusal of the ** Three-dimensional location and measure­ Directory which was compiled and edited by ment by coherent optical methods, by J.W.C. Dowman (1974) confirms this impression. A Gates. A REVIEW OF CLOSE-RANGE ENGINEERING PHOTOGRAMMETRY 59 been easy to apply away from the stability of conducted a photogrammetric study ofjoint laboratory surroundings. influence on weathering ofsteep chalk faces; An area in which commercial photogram­ it has determined the joint disposition and metric companies have been able to contrib­ material volume after slide failure in Oxford ute to the application of close-range tech­ Clay; and it has monitored a deep, steep rock niques is thatofdams and rock outcrops, both cutting on the Trans-Pennine (M62) motor­ natural and excavated. Fairey Surveys Ltd. way. carried out a survey of Edinburgh Castle An interesting variation on surveys of this Rock (Cheffins and Rushton, 1970) in 1969 type and magnitude of structure is reported using a Wild RC5A camera, and since that from Poland (Butowtt et ai., 1974) where time several other companies have been in­ studiesoferosion ofa numberofscarps on the volved in similar surveys in places as Widely banks of the River Vistula have been carried separated as Muckle Flugga in the Shetland out. A modified Fairchild air survey camera Isles and Plymouth in Devon (Figure 1). The (cf. Cheffins and Rushton, 1970), carried on a engineering contractors need these surveys launch, was used for photography, and con­ because ofthe instability ofthe rock surfaces. toured plots and profiles were derived from Rock bolting, construction ofretaining walls, the photography. rock blasting and related safety aspects, and Collaboration between the Institute of prefabrication ofstructures all require the in­ Hydrology and The City University has led to formation provided by, typically, a 1:50 scale the use of terrestrial photogrammetry in an survey with contours or isometrons* related analysis of snow distribution (Blyth et ai., to a vertical datum plane. A dam is a structure 1974). A research catchment on the eastern of similar size and its behaviour is of the ut­ slopes of Pumlumon Fawr in Wales con­ most concern; photogrammetric surveys of tained a test area, 300 m x 100 m in extent and dams have been reported in the United King­ ranging in height between 460 m and 525 m. dom and elsewhere. The Building Research This site was photographed, both free of Station and Hunting Surveys Ltd. were snow and under snow cover ofabout 100 mm jointly responsible for the photogrammetric depth, from each end of a 100 m base. En­ study of the constructional displacements
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pta and Hand Tools
    Precision, Quality, Innovation PTA AND HAND TOOLS Hole Saws Hacksaws Jig Saws Reciprocating Saws Portable Band Saws Measuring Tapes Utility Knives Levels Plumb Bobs Chalk Rules & Squares Calipers Protractors Punches Shop Tools Lubricant Catalog 71 PRECISION, QUALITY, iNNOVATiON For more than 135 years, manufacturers, builders and craftsmen worldwide have depended upon precision tools and saws from The L.S. Starrett Company to ensure the consistent quality of their work. They know that the Starrett name on a saw blade, hand tool or measuring tool ensures exceptional quality, innovative products and expert technical assistance. With strict quality control, state-of-the-art equipment and an ongoing commitment to producing superior tools, the thousands of products in today's Starrett line continue to be the most accurate, robust and durable tools available. This catalog features those tools most widely used on a jobsite or in a workshop environment. 2 hole saws Our new line includes the Fast Cut and Deep Cut bi-metal saws, and application-specific hole saws engineered specifically for certain materials, power tools and jobs. A full line of accessories, including Quick-Hitch™ arbors, pilot drills and protective cowls, enables you to optimise each job with safe, cost efficient solutions. 09 hacksaws Hacksaw Safe-Flex® and Grey-Flex® blades and frames, Redstripe® power hack blades, compass and PVC saws to assist you with all of your hand sawing needs. 31 jig saws Our Unified Shank® jig saws are developed for wood, metal and multi-purpose cutting. The Starrett bi-metal unique® saw technology provides our saws with 170% greater resistance to breakage, cut faster and last longer than other saws.
    [Show full text]
  • Projectile Motion Physics 110 Laboratory
    Projectile Motion Physics 110 Laboratory Introduction In this lab, we will study the motion of small steel balls fired from a spring-powered projectile launcher. You will use two different methods to find the initial velocity of the balls leaving the launcher, and use that velocity, together with the equations governing projectile motion, to predict the range of a projectile fired at an arbitrary angle. As a test of your prediction, you will be asked to use the prediction to place a target on the floor at the spot where the ball will land. Along the way, you will also investigate some new techniques of error analysis, and the differences between systematic and random errors. Apparatus The apparatus for this lab consists of a spring-powered projectile launcher which will fire a small steel ball. • Never look into the muzzle of the launcher when a ball is in the chamber. • Do not exceed the \medium" launch setting. • Please do not compress the spring with the rod without a ball loaded into the chamber, as this can damage the launcher. The launcher accepts a 25 mm diameter steel ball. Place the ball into the launcher and push down using the provided ramrod. Looking through the side of the launcher, you can see a yellow indicator aligning with several levels. At each level, the lever will lock the spring into place. Pulling on this lever will fire the ball. The launcher is fitted with a plumb bob hanging from a string. This allows you to accurately set the launch angle of the ball, between 0 and 90 degrees (with 90◦ being straight up and 0 being directly to the right).
    [Show full text]
  • Tools and Their Uses NAVEDTRA 14256
    NONRESIDENT TRAINING COURSE June 1992 Tools and Their Uses NAVEDTRA 14256 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A : Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Although the words “he,” “him,” and “his” are used sparingly in this course to enhance communication, they are not intended to be gender driven or to affront or discriminate against anyone. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A : Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. NAVAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAM MANAGEMENT SUPPORT ACTIVITY PENSACOLA, FLORIDA 32559-5000 ERRATA NO. 1 May 1993 Specific Instructions and Errata for Nonresident Training Course TOOLS AND THEIR USES 1. TO OBTAIN CREDIT FOR DELETED QUESTIONS, SHOW THIS ERRATA TO YOUR LOCAL-COURSE ADMINISTRATOR (ESO/SCORER). THE LOCAL COURSE ADMINISTRATOR (ESO/SCORER) IS DIRECTED TO CORRECT THE ANSWER KEY FOR THIS COURSE BY INDICATING THE QUESTIONS DELETED. 2. No attempt has been made to issue corrections for errors in typing, punctuation, etc., which will not affect your ability to answer the question. 3. Assignment Booklet Delete the following questions and write "Deleted" across all four of the boxes for that question: Question Question 2-7 5-43 2-54 5-46 PREFACE By enrolling in this self-study course, you have demonstrated a desire to improve yourself and the Navy. Remember, however, this self-study course is only one part of the total Navy training program. Practical experience, schools, selected reading, and your desire to succeed are also necessary to successfully round out a fully meaningful training program. THE COURSE: This self-study course is organized into subject matter areas, each containing learning objectives to help you determine what you should learn along with text and illustrations to help you understand the information.
    [Show full text]
  • Measuring - Calipers, Barometers and Thermometers
    MEASURING - CALIPERS, BAROMETERS AND THERMOMETERS DIGITAL BREAST BRIDGE The Digital Breast Bridge aids in setting up tangential breast treatment fields. After the borders of the tangential fields are determined place the digital breast bridge to these skin marks. The digital readout will give the angles needed for the gantry. The field separation is determined by the scale on the rails. The acrylic plates are 20 cm wide x 15 cm high and have 1 cm inscribed markings. Separations can be measured from 13 cm to 31 cm. Weight: 3.2 lbs Item # Description 270-001 Digital Breast Bridge BREAST BRIDGE The Breast Bridge aids in setting up portals for tangential breast P treatment. After the area to be treated has been marked, the bridge is placed on the patient’s chest and adjusted to the skin markings, thus, determining the separation of the fields. The angulation of the portals is determined from the ball protractor. The acrylic plates are 20 cm wide x 15 cm high and have 1 cm inscribed markings. Separations can be measured from 15 cm to 35 cm. The ball protractor provides angulation readings from 15O to 80O. Item # Description 270-000 Breast Bridge BREAST BRIDGE COMPRESSOR The Breast Bridge Compressor is used to compress the breast, particularly when it is desired to increase the dose to the residual mass at the end of a course of treatment. The aluminum mesh and frame are coated with a smooth blue vinyl plastic for minimum skin dose. Specifications Treatment Area Size: 10 cm H x 15 cm W Compression Distance: 1 cm to 13 cm Item # Description 272-100 Breast Bridge Compressor MAMMO CALIPER WITH DIGITAL LEVEL The Mammo Caliper is a rugged and accurate caliper designed to provide measurements for breast simulation or as general purpose caliper.
    [Show full text]
  • Laser Tool Range
    LASER TOOL RANGE stanleylasers.com 1 stanleylasers.com THE STANLEY® LASER RANGE Accurate measuement is essential for trouble free construction sites, speeding up the job and minimising waste and reworked tasks. Our aim has been to create a range of complimentary products - all built to our exacting standards - to enable professional users work quickly and accurately. That’s why the STANLEY® Laser Tools range offers all the benets of durable and well engineered products with user friendly features and features designed for the professional user. LASER TOOLS AND MORE... Alongside the laser tools, we’ve included a range of Measuring Wheels and Optical Levels to provide everything needed from survey to nished build. Our comprehensive accessories include wall and ceiling mounts, laser detectors and glasses as well as tripod and pole options for mounting measuring and leveling tools. Remote controls, rechargeable battery packs, chargers and rods are all available to add even more functionaility to the range. CONTENTS 03 09 28 INTRODUCTION LEVELLING MEASURING 04 Applications & Tool Types 10 Introduction 29 Introduction 06 The STANLEY® Standard 12 Rotary Laser Levels 31 True Laser Measure 07 Choosing the Right Laser for the Job 16 Point Laser Levels 38 Measuring Wheels 18 Cross & Multi Line Laser Levels 24 Optical Laser Levels 40 46 51 DETECTING ACCESSORIES SERVICE & REPAIR 41 Introduction 46 Laser Pole, Glasses 51 Service & repair & Tripod 42 Stud Sensors 44 Moisture Detectors 3 stanleylasers.com SITE LAYOUT FIRST FIX STANLEY® offer a wide range of professional laser tools to Set out walls and internal structures imply and accurately. make the perfect start to any construction project.
    [Show full text]
  • Parts of Theodolite and Their Functions Pdf
    Parts of theodolite and their functions pdf Continue The components and their the TheodoliteA compass functions measure direction by measuring the angle between the line and the direction of the reference, which is a magnetic meridian. The compass can measure angles up to 30 accuracy and judgment to 15. The principle of the compass is based on the property of the magnetic needle, which at free suspension takes the direction of north-south. Thus, compass measurements affect external magnetic influences, and therefore in some areas the compass is unsuitable. In this here we will discuss another method of measuring the direction of lines; theodolit is very often used to measure angles in the survey work. There are various theodolites, optical, electronic, etc. improvements (from one form to another) have been made to ensure simplicity of work, better accuracy and speed. Electronic theodolites display and store corners at the touch of a button. This data can also be transferred to the computer for further processing. We begin our discussion with the simplest theodolite-faithful theodolite. Theodolit is a simple and inexpensive tool, but very valuable in terms of measuring angles. The common vernier theodolite measures angles up to an accuracy of 20 in the compass, where the line of sight is simple, limiting its range, theodolites are provided by telescopes that provide a much greater range and better ac-curacy in sighting distant objects. It is, however, a delicate tool and should be treated with caution. Theodolit measures horizontal angles between lines and can also measure vertical angles. The horizontal angle measured can be turned on by angle, angle of deviation or outer angle in the traverse.
    [Show full text]
  • Theodolite Survey
    1 THEODOLITE SURVEY RCI4C001 SURVEYING Module IV Theodolite Survey: Use of theodolite, temporary adjustment, measuring horizontal andvertical angles, theodolite traversing Mr. Saujanya Kumar Sahu Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering Government College of Engineering, Kalahandi Email : [email protected] Theodolite Surveying 2 The system of surveying in which the angles (both horizontal & vertical) are measured with the help of a theodolite, is called Theodolite surveying Compass Surveying vs. Theodolite Surveying ➢Horizontal angles are measured by using a Compass with respect to meridian, which is less accurate and also it is not possible to measure vertical angles with a Compass. ➢So when the objects are at a considerable distance orsituated at a considerable elevation or depression ,it becomes necessary to measure horizontal and vertical angles more precisely. So these measurements are taken by an instrument known as a theodolite. How Does a Theodolite Work? A theodolite works by combining optical plummets (or plumb bobs), a spirit (bubble level), and graduated circles to find vertical and horizontal angles in surveying. An optical plummet ensures the theodolite is placed as close to exactly vertical above the survey point. The internal spirit level makes sure the device is level to to the horizon. The graduated circles, one vertical and one horizontal, allow the user to actually survey for angles. APPLICATIONS 3 • Measuring horizontal and vertical angles. • Locating points on a line. • Prolonging survey lines. • Finding difference of level. • Setting out grades • Ranging curves • Tacheometric Survey • Mesurement of Bearings CLASSIFICATION OF THEODOLITES 4 Theodolites may be classified as ; A. Primary i) Transit Theodolite. ii) Non Transit Theodolite.
    [Show full text]
  • Lecture 6--The Engineer's Transit and Theodolite  Uploaded by Fio SV
    11K views 1 0 RELATED TITLES Lecture 6--The Engineer's Transit and Theodolite Uploaded by Fio SV Full description Nscp Design THERMODYNAMICS Surveying Hand Thermodynamics Loads CHAPTER 4 Signals Chapter 1 Save Embed Share Print Outline I.I. Engiinneeeerr’’s TTrraannssiitt The Engineer’s Transit II.. MMaaiinn PPaartrtss I.I. UUppppeerr PPllaattee and Theodolite IIII.. LLoowweer PlPlaattee Lecture 6 IIIIII.. Leveling Head Assembly GE10: General Surveying I IIII.. SSeettting up thee ttrransitt IIIIII.. Leveling of the Trannssiitt IIVV.. Care of the TTrransit IIII.. TThheeooddoolliittee I.I. TTyyppeess ooff TThheeooddoolliittee I.I. RReeppeeaattiningg TThheeooddoolliittee IIII.. Direccttiioonal Theodoolliittee IIIIII.. Digital Theodolliittee Department of Geodetic Engineering University of the Philippines, Diliman IIII.. MMaaiinn PPaartrtss IIIIII.. Setting up the theodolitee Engineer’s Transit Main Parts Creddiitteedd ttoo Roemer,, aa DDaaninisshh AAsstrtroonnoommeerr,, wwhhoo 11.. Upper Plate (or Alidade) iinn 11669900 uusseedd tthhee iinnssttrruummeenntt ttoo oobbsseerrvvee tthhee ppaassssaaggee (t(trraannssitit)) ooff ststaarrss aaccrroossss tthhee cceeleleststiaiall 22.. Lower Plate meridian 33.. Leveling Head Assembly Essentially a telescope and two large protractors 1 protractor mounted in the horizontal plane and the other in a vertical plane An instrument of precision Main Parts of the Engineer’s Transit Parts of the Engineer’s Transi 11K views 1 0 RELATED TITLES Lecture 6--The Engineer's Transit and Theodolite Uploaded by Fio SV Full description Nscp Design THERMODYNAMICS Surveying Hand Thermodynamics Loads CHAPTER 4 Signals Chapter 1 Save Embed Share Print I. Upper Plate I. Upper Plate Consists of the entire top of the 1. TELESCOPE transit Used for: Entire assembly rotates about a 1. Fixing the direction of LOS 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be fi’om any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Com pany 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9111738 Analytical calibration of the airborne photogramrnetric system using a priori knowledge of the exposure station obtained from kinematic global positioning system techniques Lapine, Lewis A., Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Study Guide: Hand Tools
    STUDY GUIDE: HAND TOOLS Learning Objectives: • The features and benefits of the products you sell. • How to answer your customers’ product-related questions. • How to help your customer choose the right products. • How to increase transaction sizes by learning more about add-on sales and upselling techniques. Chapter 1: Fastening Tools Module 1: Hammers Product Knowledge: Claw Hammer • Use for general carpentry, household chores and nail pulling. • Curved claw offers leverage in removing nails. • Use only with non-hardened, common or finishing nails. • You can choose 16 or 20 oz. weights for general carpentry. For fine cabinetry or light- duty driving, choose 7, 10 and 13 oz. nail weights. • Available with a smooth face for finishing jobs, or a waffled face for more control when hammering large nails into lumber. Framing (Rip) Hammer • Use for ripping apart wooden components and demolition work. • Use only with non-hardened, common or finishing nails. • Choose weights from 20 to 32 oz. for framing and ripping. • Available with milled or waffled faces to grip the nail head and reduce the effect of glancing blows and flying nails. Ball Peen (Ball Pein) Hammer • Use with cold chisels for riveting, center punching and forming unhardened metal work. • Striking face diameter should be about 3/8” larger than the diameter of the head of the object being struck. • Popular sizes are 12 and 16 oz. • Variations include a cross-peen hammer (with a horizontal wedge-shaped face) and a straight-peen hammer (with a vertical wedge-shaped face). Sledgehammer • Use for jobs that require great force, such as breaking up concrete or driving heavy spikes.
    [Show full text]
  • Quad 4000 Owners Manual One Man Layout and Control
    QUAD 4000 OWNERS MANUAL ONE MAN LAYOUT AND CONTROL LINE, SQUARE, LEVEL & PLUMB ALL IN ONE – ALL AT ONCE. U.S. Patent No. 7266897 & Patent Pending Designed and built in Redmond, Oregon CONTENTS System Overview ......................................................................................................2, 3 Quad 4000 Controls and Features. .............................................................................4 LineLokr™ Controls and Features ...............................................................................5 What happens when you power up the Quad 4000 and LineLokr ..................6, 7 Agular Accuracy and how setup can affect it .......................................................8 Setup considerations when using the LineLokr ....................................................9 Let’s get started – How to set it up ....................................................................10, 11 Checking for square calibration (vertical) ............................................................12 Checking for level calibration (horizontal) .............................................................13 Laser compliance and safety ...................................................................................13 FCC declaration ...........................................................................................................14 Warranty .......................................................................................................................14 Specifications ..............................................................................................................14
    [Show full text]
  • University of Warwick Institutional Repository
    University of Warwick institutional repository: http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap/3454 This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. ITANUAL AIM AUTCYIATIC I. IRGE-SCAIS DDIENSIONAL M3TROLOGY by P. H. Sydcnh= M.E. (Adolaido), M. Inst. M. C. I A thesis submitted for,, , the degree of Doctoiý of Philosophy in the School of Engineering Science, University of Warwicý. (May 1969) %4 / BEST COPY AVAILABLE 00 V ri ble print qI ity TEXT CUT OFF IN ORIGINAL (1) DrEGLARATION I declare that no part of this thesis has been accepted or presented for the award of any degree or diploma by any University, and that to the best of my Imowledga the thesis contains no material previously published or written by any L other person except where due reference is given to that author by direct credit in the text or bibliography. Potor H. Sydonham, Warwick. / May 19 69. /7' (ii) MANUAL JUID AUTOIMATIC LARGE-SCALE DIMENSIONAL IETROLOGY (P. H. Sydenham 1969) ABSTRACT Current techniques for manual andautomated determination of dec=etre-range are reviewed from information gained by extensive literature search and from visits made to a wide cross section of European establishments concerned with large-scale dimensional measurements. The reviewsq which contain nearly 200 references$ provide background information needed by systems designers.
    [Show full text]