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Evolution towards a smart Energy Supply System in the Balearic Islands D. Coll-Mayor, R. Picos and E. García-Moreno Department of Physics University of Balearic Islands Ctra. Valldemossa km. 7,5 07122 Balearic Islands (Spain) phone:+34 971 171378, fax:+34 971 173426, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The Balearic Islands are a typical the DG world is the interconnection of different example of centralized energy supply system based small distributed generation facilities which act on the work of a large coal thermal power plant. Low together in a DG network as a large virtual reliability and high emissions are some the problems power plant controlled by a centralised energy inherent to this configuration. Highly oscillating management system (EMS). The aims of the demand curves and increasing energy consumption EMS are to reach the targets of low emissions are added problems in this case. Furthermore, many and high efficiency. The EMS gives priority to critical points have been identified in the power renewable energy sources instead of the use of transportation grid that can cause the failure of the whole system. Many of these problems are inherent fossil fuels. This new concept is referred to as to isolated centralized energy systems. In the studied Virtual Utility (VU) [1]. case the connection to the mainland grid is not solved, though options are being considered by the This work considers the present state of the authorities. However neither of these solutions will Balearic Islands energy system and makes a fulfil all the needs of the Balearic power system nor theoretical study of the implementation of the profit the high potential in RES of these islands. That VU idea on this system. way, new solutions are needed for assuring the energy supply. One of these solutions is the The structure of this paper is as follows. The application of the idea of the virtual utility (VU) configuration. Some of the advantages of this idea in description of the actual situation (point 2), the front of other options are the high agility of the description of the model used for the VU system to find the optimal operation point, the high implementation (point 3), the new scenario integration of RES and the high reliability due to the result of the VU implementation (point 4), the use of distributed generation facilities. comparison between the present situation and the new scenario (point 5). Conclusions of the Key words work will be drawn. Distributed generation; Virtual Utility; Energy management system; Renewable Energy Sources 2. Present Situation integration; Energy infrastructures. The Balearic Islands energy generation and distribution system is composed of two 1. Introduction independent electrical networks. The biggest one belongs to the Majorca and Minorca islands and represents 86% of the total energy The world of energy has lately experienced a generation on the islands. The smaller belongs revolution, and new rules are being defined. The to the rest of the islands. Only the system climate change produced by the greenhouse Majorca Minorca will be analysed here. gases, the inefficiency of the energy system or lack of energy supply in most of the poor A. Energy generation countries, the liberalisation of the energy market and the development of new technologies in the The Majorca and Minorca system is propriety of field of distributed generation (DG) are the key ENDESA. The utilities connected to this grid factors of this revolution. It seems clear that the are listed in table I. The generation system is solution at the moment is the DG, because it composed of a thermal power central includes renewable energy sources and high responsible of the 46% of the demand on these efficiency technologies, such as co-generation two islands, and a combined cycle central which and tri-generation, in the same system. The generates the 30%. The rest, 24%, is generated benefits of it are high reliability, high speed for in 3 small distributed generation plants. The assuming quick changes in the demand, correct main thermal power central, with a nominal integration of renewable energy sources and the power of 510MW, constitutes the basis of the decrease of fuel consumption. The next step in system. The other utilities assume the peaks of https://doi.org/10.24084/repqj02.274 298 RE&PQJ, Vol. 1, No.2, April 2004 demand on the islands. The peak demand for 2001 was 831,8 MW and the total installed The main transport grid is a 220 kV aero power power is 1018,2 MW. It lets a security margin of grid, communicating the Alcudia power thermal 186,4 MW [2]. There are also some distributed central and Son Reus with es Bessons, sa Pobla, generation facilities connected to the main grid LLubí, Palma and Valldurgent transformer propriety of different companies but at the centres. moment do not represent a big influence on the whole system. TABLE I. – Power generation in the system S/S POLLENSA Fig. 1. Electrical power lines of theS/S energy S/S CALA S/S SA POBLA ALCUDIA II NOMINAL system composed by Majorca and MinorcaMESQUIDA POWER Islands.S/S INCA S/S CAN PICAFORT NAME TECHNOLOGY S/S BUNYOLA S/S ARTA S/S SA VINYETA S/S LLUBÍ [MW] S/S VALLDURGENT S/S MARRATXI Another transport grid,S/S SON a 132kV aero power Steam (coal) 510.0 ORLANDIS S/S ES BESSONS S/S CALA S/S MILLOR grid,S/S communicates the es Bessons transformerMANACOR Alcudia S/S SAN Gas Turbine 75.0 S/S CALVIA AGUSTÍ S/S ARENAL centre withS/S Cala MesquidaS/S (Majorca) where PALMA LLUCMAJOR Sant Joan 195.0 (not in use begins a line,NOVA a 132kV submarine power line, Steam (Fuel) S/S PORTO de Deu anymore) which finishes in cala’n Bosch (Minorca)COLOM and Son Gas Turbine 64.0 communicates Majorca andS/S SANTANYIMinorca. In Molines Minorca the transportation grid is a 132kV aero Diesel Engine 47.4 power grid, which communicates the Ciudadela, Maó Mercadal, Mahón and Dragonera transformer Gas Turbine 76.0 centres in a tie configuration, see figure 4.3. Waste incineration CIUDADELA ES Son Reus 20.0 MERCADAL plant S/S CIUDADELAFERRERIES From the different transformerS/S MERCADAL centres on Gas Turbine Son Reus 225.8 Majorca leave 66kV powerES MIGJORN lines. This power Steam (C.C.) MAÓ C.T. MAHON lines unite the transformer centresALAIOR with the DG Various 5.1 S/S SA DRAGONERA facilities substations. Four 66kV aero power linesES CASTELL leave from the es Bessons transformer centre. One line The renewable energy sources available on the to can Picafort, two to Manacor, one to cala islands are solar energy, wind and biomass. MillorPOWER and INFRASTRUCTURE the last one to Porto Colom. Four 66kV lines most ofAero them power aero line 220kV power lines leave Recently studies show the possibility of Aero power line 132kV geothermal energy but there is no installation on from Llubí. One Undergroundline to Inca, power twoline 132kV to sa Pobla Balearic Islands at the moment for this energy. and the las one Submarineto can power Picafort. line 132kV Four 66kV power lines leaveAero from power Son DC lineReus. 66kV Three from From the possibility of the use of solar energy, Aero power line 66kV installations of solar thermal collectors and these lines are aeroUnderground double-circuit power line 66kV power lines, one leave to Bunyola,S/S (Substation) the other to Marratxí and photovoltaic panels have been developed. In the Generation Utility last years a progressive grow in the use of the last one to the industrial polygon. The last thermal collectors due in part to the support 66kV power line which leaves form Son Reus is programs developed by the local government part aero and part underground line and it goes and in part due to the high return ratio of this to Coliseo. Five power lines leave from the last technology. The grow of photovoltaic panels on transformer centre: Valldurgent. One line in part the islands in the last years have been aero of simple circuit and in part aero of double exponential, due to the construction of the circuit leave to Andratx. One double circuit aero largest photovoltaic installation on the islands. line to Calvià. Another aero power line to San The wind energy is also growing. Some new Agustí. One line in part aero power line in part installations are being developed, like a new underground to Santa Catalina. An aero double Wind Mill Park in Minorca, still under circuit power line to es Rafal. See figure 1. construction. Due to a strategic action of the Balearic Government and the supply company, old mills from Majorca are being recuperated 3. Description of the model and converted in wind electricity generators. Biomass is still the most used renewable energy The VU will be composed of local clusters source, due to the traditional heating systems. managed by a central control system, each cluster composed of a group of basic utilities. For the sake of simplicity a single model has B. Power grid been used for these utilities. This model represents a good configuration for the case of The electricity grid on Majorca and Minorca is Balearic Islands, including RES and DGs and it also propriety of the supply company ENDESA. is an existing new utility [3]. https://doi.org/10.24084/repqj02.274 299 RE&PQJ, Vol. 1, No.2, April 2004 The study for the location of the local clusters Each basic utility is comprised of a tri- will be the superposition of two maps. The first generation plant of 7,25 MW electrical power one is the fixed population on Majorca-Minorca and a thermal production of 6210kW from the and the second one the tourism.