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GLACIATION Bob Carson June 2007

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GLACIATION Bob Carson June 2007 GLACIATION Bob Carson June 2007 Spitsbergen photo by Ben Schupack GRAUPEL SNOW American Scientist SNOWFIELDS ARE NOT GLACIERS MOUNT ST. HELENS 17 MAY 2007 Photo by Jonathan Loeffler GLACIERS MOUNT OLYMPUS MOUNT HAYES, ALASKA RANGE, AUSTIN POST GLACIER VELOCITY STAGNANT: TOO THIN OR SURFACE SLOPE TOO GENTLE POLAR (COLD-BASED): FLOW ONLY (FROZEN TO BED) TEMPERATE (WARM-BASED): FLOW AND SLIP SURGING: MELTWATER REDUCES FRICTION GLACIER BAY STAGNANT GLACIER MOUNT EVEREST POLAR GLACIER Antarctica photo by Clare Carson TEMPERATE GLACIER MOUNT OLYMPUS THE SOLE OF A GLACIER SOUTH SAWYER GLACIER, AUSTIN POST SURGING GLACIER ST. ELIAS MOUNTAINS PETERS GLACIER PHOTO BY PAUL SHEARER 30-60% of Svalbard glaciers surge Fridtjofbreen, Bellsund, Spitsbergen Photo M. J. Hambrey GLACIER MASS BALANCE • ACCUMULATION > ABLATION: MARGIN ADVANCES • ACCUMULATION = ABLATION: EQUILIBRIUM (MORAINE BUILDING) • ACCUMULATION < ABLATION: MARGIN RETREATS (GLACIER DOES NOT DEFY GRAVITY) SOUTH CASCADE GLACIER, 1957, AUSTIN POST THE EARTH’S NEWEST GLACIER IS ADVANCING MOUNT ST. HELENS, 17 MAY 2007 GLACIER IN EQUIBRIUM in mid 1800s Athabasca Glacier by Ward’s MOST OF THE EARTH’S GLACIERS ARE RETREATING TIERRA DEL FUEGO GLACIER SIZE AND SHAPE Spitsbergen photo by Ben Schupack CIRQUE GLACIERS AND CIRQUES TETON RANGE CIRQUES HANGAY MOUNTAINS TARNS Katahdin photo by Tim Wood VALLEY GLACIERS AND GLACIAL TROUGHS ALTAI MOUNTAINS GLACIAL TROUGHS ALTAI MOUNTAINS STEENS MOUNTAIN GLACIAL TROUGH LAKES WATERTON LAKE Sierra Nevada photo by Steve Brown FJORDS Baffin Island photo by Taylor Johnson FJORDS www.kingsleighinn.com/images/SomesSound WHY ARE FJORDS SO DEEP? • SEA LEVEL FLUCTUATION = 120 m • DENSITY ice = 90% DENSITY water TRACY ARM, AUSTIN POST SOGNE FJORD 1308m www.caingram.info folk.uio.no SKELTON INLET 1933m Skelton Glacier www.rosssea.info MOUNTAIN ICE CAPS Glacier http://www3.eou.edu/geology/wallowalake MOUNTAIN ICE SHEETS MOUNTAIN ICE SHEETS WATERVILLE PLATEAU geoscape.nrcan.gc.ca/.../images LAKE CHELAN CONTINENTAL ICE SHEETS www.crystalinks.com/antarctica_satellite Greenland photo by George Linkletter Greenland photo by Art Rempel CONTINENTAL ICE SHEETS Greenland photo by George Linkletter ICE SHELVES ROSS ICE SHELF www.mbari.org/benthic/tour1.htm LARSON ICE SHELF COLLAPSED IN 1995 1992 1997 svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a001400/a001400/ SEA ICE (NOT A GLACIER) Antarctica photo by Seth White SEA ICE Scott Polar Research Institute ICEBERGS (NOT GLACIERS) GREENLAND ICEBERGS Antarctica photo by Clare Carson PROCESSES • ICE: ABRASION, PLUCKING, DEPOSITION • MELTWATER: CORRASION, ABRASION, DEPOSITION • MASS WASTING MOUNT EVEREST OTHER EROSIONAL LANDFORMS BEARTOOTH MOUNTAINS POLISH VANCOUVER ISLAND STRIATIONS LAKE CHELAN GROOVES VANCOUVER ISLAND ROCHES MOUTONEES BEARTOOTH MOUNTAINS ARETES WALLOWA MOUNTAINS HORNS ABSAROKA MOUNTAINS COLS TETON RANGE HANGING VALLEYS & TRUNCATED SPURS BEARTOOTH MOUNTAINS GLACIER DEPOSITION FRANZ JOSEF GLACIER TILL PUGET LOWLAND MORAINES MOUNT EVEREST TERMINAL MORAINES LATERAL MORAINES MEDIAL MORAINES Denali photo by George Stephens ALTAI MOUNTAINS ICE STAGNATION LANDFORMS RONGBUK GLACIER KETTLES MOUNT RAINIER ESKERS FRANZ JOSEF GLACIER WATERVILLE PLATEAU KAMES MENDENHALL GLACIER MELTWATER EMMONS GLACIER OUTWASH PUGET LOWLAND OUTWASH PLAIN EMMONS GLACIER PAYETTE LAKE GLACIER EXTENT 18-20,000 YEARS AGO images.encarta.msn.com NORTHWEST EUROPE GLACIATION 18-20,000 YEARS AGO SVENDSEN ET AL. 2004 GLACIER EXTENT TODAY BEN SHUPACK WHITMAN ’07 THANK YOU! ON SPITSBERGEN .
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