SPECIAL ISSUE

®

NOVEMBER 2020

Winter Thrills for Everyone Experience Wild Winter Lights, toboggan rides and more

Spotlight: Garfield Park Learn about the history of this historic gem

Winter for Amphibians Discover how they survive the freezing cold

Fall Hayrides at Mill Stream Run Reservation Bridal Veil Falls in Bedford Reservation A LETTER FROM BRIAN ZIMMERMAN November is a Time to be Thankful It’s hard to believe it’s November. As the cooler air and coming arrival of winter often brings us to a state of introspection, November also is a time of year to be thankful. While this past year, has certainly changed our community in ways we still do not yet understand, there’s still much to be thankful for. I’ve found myself being more thankful than ever for the Emerald Necklace and the vision set forth by William Stinchcomb over 100 years ago to protect greenspace for future generations. Park and trail use remains high and we know that our parks have been more important than ever to the 48 communities they serve. For adventure, of course, but also for solace and introspection. CONTENTS In this month’s publication, I hope you take away something new and hopeful from our park naturalists. November is “prime time” for a great diversity of bird species. Easily spot 2 Letter from Brian the colors of migrant birds among the leafless landscape, as strong winds bring in a wide 3 Woodpeckers in Winter variety of gulls and loons along our shoreline. These birds make our great lake their winter home due to the large populations of fish and are a positive a sign of the health of our 4 Wisdom of the Woolly Bear waterways. & Life in the Leaf Litter The November issue is also filled with ideas for adventure. While the weather is getting 5 Naturalist’s Almanac & cooler, it’s a perfect time to bundle up for a long hike and explore somewhere new. Gift of Nature Cleveland Metroparks many waterfalls are some of the most magical sights to seek out 6 Eastern Wild Turkey & this time of year. Our naturalists have outlined a few highlights in Bedford Reservation for Winter Preparation you to explore. While ice fishing is still a ways away, we have a few tips to help you prepare if you’re looking to try winter fishing! 7 Prehistoric People & Full Beaver Moon While this year has been different and difficult, it has also allowed us to get creative and provide new opportunities for our park guests. From the magical decorative adventures at 8 History of Garfield Park Cleveland Metroparks Zoo to an all-new winter experience at Merwin’s Wharf in The Flats, 9 Waterfalls of Bedford we hope you join us in getting outdoors this winter season. And while there of course will Reservation be new safety measures, we’re excited to again offer a season of icy fun at the Chalet’s toboggan chutes in Mill Stream Run Reservation. 10 Capital Projects This November I hope you will join us and stay thankful for our Emerald Necklace. We’re all 11 Conservation & Science in this together, Ohio. See you out there! 12 Winter Activities 13 Nature Shop 14 Winter Fishing Guide

15 Winterize Your Garden Brian Zimmerman 16 Don’t Give Into Winter Yet Cleveland Metroparks CEO 17 Fall Cleaning 18 Wild Winter Lights 19 Zoo News 20 Winter Birding 21 Amphibians in Winter & Under the Pond Great Falls at Viaduct Park in 22 Appetite for Acorns & Bedford Reservation Kids Leaf Guide Cleveland Metroparks is now hosting a limited number of 23 Kids Corner outdoor-only, public programs. Registration is required. 24 Directory & Map Visit clevelandmetroparks.com for details.

2 Emerald Necklace November 2020 | Vol. 69 #11 FEATURE ARTICLE

Downy woodpecker Red-bellied Woodpecker A medium-sized bird, this woodpecker has a unique barred black and white Woodpeckers back. The males have a bright red cap that covers their crown and nape, while the female has a gray crown with red in only on the nape. Be careful in using its name for identification purposes, as the belly is not noticeably red, rather more Winter of faint wash. With a barbed tongue that can extend nearly three times the length of its bill, it is not uncommon to see this woodpecker foraging on trees. Males, with a larger and wider tongue, tend to search tree trunks, while the females Photo by Bob Boddy prefer the branches.

hile so many birds are well on As you hike the trails of Cleveland Hairy Woodpecker their way to warmer locations, Metroparks, keep your eyes and ears open Sometimes confused for the downy Wthere are several hard-core for signs of these beauties, including the woodpecker, this checkerboard-winged species that will tough out Ohio winters holes created while searching for food and species is quite a bit larger (almost 50% with us. Able to find ample food and the sound of rapid tapping or pounding taller). With this larger size comes a shelter, four of the seven species of coming from the trees. larger beak. The hairy’s beak is almost as woodpeckers found in Ohio will grace Here are the most common winter long as its head. With a diet consisting of the snowy winter scenery with their woodpeckers listed in order from largest to 75% insects, this bird has a reputation of striking black, red and white coloration. smallest: following their pileated friends. As newly With a diet consisting mostly of insects, created tree holes are vacated, the hairy these birds must be skillful. Foraging by Pileated Woodpecker will follow behind, looking for leftovers. sound is key to their success, as this time Ohio is home to the largest woodpecker Downy Woodpecker of year, insects are not found out in the species in North America, the pileated open. Cold temperatures force native woodpecker (pronounced PIE-lee-ay-tid or The smallest woodpecker in North insects to seek shelter, often underneath PILL-ee-ay-tid, both are correct). About the America, the downy is a smaller version tree bark. Woodpeckers have the ability size of a crow, this keystone species is black of the hairy woodpecker. This black-and- to listen for the differences in sound and white with a bright red mohawk-like white patterned bird is only 6-7 inches when tapping a tree. They are also able crest. It is known by many as the “Woody (from the tip of bill to the end of its tail), to hear wood-boring insects feeding on Woodpecker” of the forest. Drawn to dead compared to the hairy at 9-11 inches. the tree. Using these techniques allows trees, you may hear the laughing call (“cuk- Their beak is short and stubby, less than them to easily discover insect tunnels cuk-cuk”) or the echoing drumming. Look half the length of its head. Similar to the and their next meal. When times are for oversized rectangular holes in trees. If hairy, males have a splotch of red on the tough, these hardy birds will adapt and you are fortunate to catch a view of this back of their head (absent on females). eat other things such as seeds, nuts and bird, look for the male’s red moustache. In winter, it’s common to see a downy in fruit. a foraging flock with chickadees and nuthatches. There is so much to be discovered in nature, especially in winter. Get out on the trail or set out your suet for a glimpse of these winter wonders! Val Fetzer, Manager Hairy woodpecker Red-bellied woodpecker Pileated woodpecker Rocky River Nature Center

Photo by Marty Calabrese Photo by Bob Boddy Photo by Bob Boddy

clevelandmetroparks.com 3 INSIDE OUR PARKS Nature Never Wastes: Wisdom of the Woolly Bear

very culture on the earth has drawn life. Here are three woolly bear nuggets uses its own hairy bristles to construct wisdom from the natural world. of truth to ponder: a cocoon, shedding its exoskeleton to Aesop’s Fables, Grimm’s Fairy Tales, create a new pupal shelter. By reusing its E • Woolly bears follow natural instincts Native American legends, African tales own resources, it saves energy. to make wise decisions that set the and scores of other traditions feature course for a promising future. Fall is the • Woolly bears stay flexible and diversify nature as a wise teacher. time when the caterpillars are innately to take advantage of life’s opportunities. With November’s subdued colors and preparing for winter, engaged in last- The caterpillars are generalists and can northwind blasts, humans often find minute feeding and desperate searches eat a variety of different plants to survive. themselves in a state of introspection. for a winter hibernation spot. Soon their The success of this moth is related to its Looking to the wisdom nature possesses, metabolism will come to a halt and their diet adaptability. John Muir once said, “Nature never bodies will begin to produce a natural Nature never wastes! Nature’s woolly bear wastes.” The woolly bear caterpillar antifreeze. caterpillar has a lot of wisdom to offer to (Pyrrharctia isabella) of fall is a prime • Waste not, want not. An amazing those willing to observe and listen. example of an animal that never wastes transition overtakes the woolly bear as and can serve as a sagacious example for Foster Brown, Naturalist it transforms from a larva to a pupa. It North Chagrin Nature Center

Life in the Leaf Litter eaf litter — the layer of leaves, twigs, big and small. So many invertebrates, and bark that carpet the forest floor — from the ubiquitous potato bug to barely L is an essential component for healthy visible animals like the pseudoscorpion, ecosystems in our temperate forest. These call leaf litter home. Millipedes and materials release nutrients back into the centipedes, slugs and snails, spiders, soil as they decompose, closing the loop beetles, and others join in the grand that allows a forest to recycle waste and drama of life, death, and reproduction grow productively. Leaf litter also helps to that plays out under our feet. hold moisture in the soil, helping the roots Taking a star role in the transformation of plants to stay hydrated even during from “dead stuff” to regenerated soil are summer drought. fungi and bacteria. About two acres of This dead organic material creates an temperate forest can produce over five abundance of opportunities for creatures tons of leaves, twigs and bark each year. Bacteria and fungi are responsible for a the foundation of the forest. We enjoy full 80-90% of the decomposition of these the fruits of their labor every time a materials. Without these overlooked life new woodland wildflower blooms. Next forms, the earth would be overwhelmed time you take a hike through the forest, in heaps of waste in a matter of months! tip your hat to the amazing microcosm Leaf litter is a necessary link to forest below your feet. health, and the fungi, bacteria and Bethany Majeski, Manager invertebrates that help it decompose are North Chagrin Nature Center

4 Emerald Necklace November 2020 NATURALIST’S ALMANAC November: Getting Ready for Winter November ushers in prime time to Woodlands have now quieted and roving Depending on daily temperatures and seek a great diversity of bird species as bands of chickadees, titmice, and brown weather conditions, you may catch cold north winds strip the landscape of creepers are joined by red-breasted a glimpse of a very late appearance the last brilliantly-colored fall leaves. nuthatches. Rare northern finches, such of butterflies, moths, dragonflies, as white-winged crossbill or evening and damselflies. The yellow-legged For birders, this is high-time for rarities grosbeak, may visit your feeders or join meadowhawk, a small, ruby-red on the lakefront as strong cold fronts can building flocks of common finches at dragonfly of open fields and woodland create awe-inspiring, major movements birch, hemlock, and spruce stands. edges, is capable of withstanding cold of waterfowl, gulls, grebes and loons temperatures and feeds on tiny gnats, Deep in the forest, squirrels and on the shores and lakefront of Lake flies and other minute insects that fly chipmunks scamper through dry leaves Erie. Intrepid birders willing to visit during daylight hours that exceed 35 locating and hiding seeds and nuts. Huntington Reservation or Lakefront degrees. Reservations can be dazzled by daily In prime condition after feasting on movements of thousands to nearly half- summer and early autumn’s bounty, a-million red-breasted mergansers joined white-tailed deer bucks support polished by throngs of lesser scaup, common racks of antlers and a muscular Photo by Jen Goellnitz, Fairview Park loons, and horned grebes. Lake watching build in preparation offers the chance to see rare jaegers, of the rut. waterfowl, and passerines blown in by strong winds.

Life in the Leaf Litter NEW! Monthly Giving at Cleveland Metroparks You asked and we listened! Your specified monthly contribution you can rest assured knowing that you One of the most popular requests we will be charged to your credit or debit are providing ongoing and uninterrupted have received from our supporters is for card each month through our secure support of Cleveland Metroparks and its the ability to make monthly donations in online payment system. If your situation mission. support of Cleveland Metroparks. We are changes for any reason, you can always delighted to share that donors now have update or cancel your gift at any time. How Do I Start? And best of all — your donation is 100% the option to make monthly recurring Visit us online at: tax-deductible and will support the fund donations through our website. clevelandmetroparks.com/monthlygiving you designate; it will not be used for any or contact Sarah Wilson at (216) 635-3261 overhead or administrative costs. How Does Monthly Giving Work? to make your monthly gift today! Simply choose how much you would What are the Benefits? like to give each month ($10 minimum), “In our 103-year history, we’ve complete our online donation form, and It’s easy! Monthly giving is a simple, never seen anything like this. Our we will do the rest. Would you prefer to convenient and environmentally friendly parks have proven to be more make a recurring quarterly or annual way to make a big impact while spreading important — and are more loved gift? Those options are now available as your generosity over the entire year. — than ever before.” Once you make your first gift, we’ll take well. Brian Zimmerman care of all the remaining legwork, and

clevelandmetroparks.com 5 INSIDE OUR PARKS

The Eastern Wild Turkey …A Suburban Success Story n unfamiliar footprint in the shelter. Formerly rare in Ohio due to garden or some large feathers overhunting and deforestation, wild Afound under a tree can inspire turkeys have since increased in numbers, us to look more closely for unexpected feeding on abundant food sources such wildlife that may be sharing our backyard as nuts, birdseed from backyard feeders, space. Flocks of roving Eastern wild insects and small vertebrates. turkeys may venture into suburban areas in search Wild vs. Domestic of food or nighttime The Eastern wild turkey is a lean, super-charged version of the awkward domesticated variety seen shuffling around barnyards and pens at county Winter Preparation: fairs. Wild turkeys are big birds, with females weighing around ten pounds Squirrel Style and males weighing around twenty. They have longer legs and a lankier build than Winter…a time where we all tend their heavier domestic relatives. These to lay low, exercise less and eat more. wily, feathered athletes are swift runners Well, we aren’t the only ones. This type and agile fliers, and roost high in the of behavior is not only common for trees at night to avoid coyotes and other many species in nature, it is actually Eastern fox squirrel ground-based predators. essential for their survival in Ohio. preference. When suspecting of Squirrels are a prime example. In thieves, the fox squirrel will make a Cleveland Metroparks, you may come false cache to trick others. Thanks to across red, fox, gray (including the excellent spatial memory and sense black variety) and flying squirrels. But of smell, they have the ability to this time of year, they are all doing retrieve much of their buried treasure. the same…preparing for winter by Research indicates, however, that up hoarding food, adding fat layers and to 74% of a scatter cache is lost. No Rural and Suburban Survival conserving energy. Although our local worries, these lost nuts will likely grow, Wild turkeys are extremely wary and squirrels will remain alert throughout assisting with forest regeneration. elusive in rural areas where they are the winter months, they will prepare in hunted by humans. Their large, keen advance so that they can stay “indoors.” North American red squirrels, on eyes can detect the slightest movement Sleeping nearly 20 hours per day, the other hand, larder cache. They from a hunter dressed in full camouflage, squirrels will spend most of winter create just one, very large stockpile and they quickly flee once a threat is cuddling together in their nests. of food. Centrally located within their detected. Suburban turkeys become territory, they will defend their cache Caching food in advance allows for habituated to humans quite easily, and aggressively and “yell” at anything that they can even become bold enough to this snuggling to happen. Certain comes near. Up to 4-feet deep, these squirrels, like the Eastern fox squirrel, intimidate people with their large size middens create a cool environment to and aggressive attitude. Eastern wild will scatter cache 3,000-10,000 nuts keep food fresh. and seeds each year. This means they turkeys are yet another example of a will bury individual pieces of food in What will you be doing to prepare for species that has the innate ability to various locations, either in trees or just winter? adapt and thrive in our ever-changing below the soil. They will even organize Val Fetzer, Manager suburbs and wild areas. their stash by source, quality and Rocky River Nature Center Jeff Riebe, Naturalist North Chagrin Nature Center

6 Emerald Necklace November 2020 INSIDE OUR PARKS Prehistoric People in the Parks merican Indians occupied Ohio One such “fort” sat on a bluff over the In Whittlesey’s Recognition for thousands of years before Cuyahoga River at Ohio and Erie Canal Since we do not know what our ancient Athe arrival of Europeans. These Reservation. Here ancient people built inhabitants called themselves, the prehistoric people did not leave written earthworks which Whittlesey mapped late-prehistoric people who occupied records, so artifacts and soil features are around 1840. Little is known about this Northeast Ohio from approximately 1000 used to help scientists piece together place that he called Fort No.2 because -1600 A.D. are referred to as the Whittlesey their story. Archaeologists are fortunate the earthworks were gone by the early culture. This designation recognizes to know where to look for these clues 1900s. We most likely would not even the work of Charles Whittlesey and his because of the work of Charles Whittlesey. know this site had existed if not for contributions to learning about local Whittlesey’s map. prehistoric people. Ancient Earth “Forts” Karen Lakus, Naturalist Whittlesey was a prominent Clevelander Earthworks at Fort Hill Rocky River Nature Center who worked on the geological survey of Fort Hill, located behind Rocky River Ohio in the first half of the 19th century. Nature Center, was another site While mapping landforms, he also drew that Whittlesey may have visited. maps of what he called ancient earth Fortunately, the earthworks at this “forts” left by early people throughout location remain intact, although they the state. Most archaeologists now agree have greatly diminished in size through these sites were ceremonial places rather the years. Using modern technology, than defensive “forts” and still study archaeologists recently found that the Whittlesey’s maps for information about earthworks were built as early as 360 them. B.C. Research is ongoing and sure to reveal more about Fort Hill in the years Image from “Ancient Earth Forts of the Cuyahoga to come. Valley” by Charles Whittlesey Full Beaver Moon he phases of the moon have been The November full moon marks a time a constant symbol of the time when American beaver are readying Tmoving forward and seasons themselves for the winter season. changing for humans for thousands of These large nocturnal mammals busily years. Every thirty days, the moon goes cut down trees and store them for through four main phases starting with winter food. Native Americans would Today, the Full Beaver Moon symbolizes a the most well-known, the full moon. use full moons to track the seasons. time for naturalists and nature lovers alike Each full moon has a cultural name that During the eleventh full moon, they to watch these animals actively prepare for symbolizes what is happening during would hunt beaver for their warm, the long winter ahead. The sun sets early, that month or season. The early morning waterproof fur and thick, fatty tail. Amid and the large moon gives off enough light of November 30 marks the 11th full the time of the fur trade, settlers would for American beavers to collect as much moon of 2020, named the Full Beaver set traps along busy waterways to trap food as possible. Moon. these mammals. Beaver can be seen in many reservations Due to trapping, the American beaver of Cleveland Metroparks, including Euclid was extirpated from Ohio in 1830. For Creek, North Chagrin, Ohio & Erie Canal, over 100 years, the Full Beaver Moon was and Rocky River. Get out and see if you a call to the past, to the once 400 million can catch a glimpse of a beaver or signs beavers that called Ohio home. In the that they are among us. 1930’s, beaver began to make a comeback due to natural area preservation. Natalie Schroder, Naturalist CanalWay Center

clevelandmetroparks.com 7 HISTORICAL FEATURE

The History of Garfield Park Reservation

he cultural history of Garfield Park healing. Starting in 1905, the iron-rich amenities were developed, thus starting Reservation is rich and fascinating. water gushed from the springs and was the slow decline of one of Northeast Ohio’s TThe park was created in 1895 with collected in ceramic jugs to be given to main attractions. The football fields were the original purchase of 180 acres for children and adults alike as a ‘cure-all’ abandoned in 1939 when Garfield Heights thirty-two thousand dollars. At that time, for whatever ailed you. Today, you can High School built one of their own. In 1952, the park was named Newburg Park and visit the once prominent site of the ‘iron the trolley tracks were completely removed was comprised of a mix of state and local springs’. However, due to urbanization, from the park. Finally, other recreation land, including property from the Carter, both springs are contaminated with centers opened, and Cleveland’s first public Rittberger and Dunham farms. In 1897, to heavy metals and ground water depletion pool closed in 1970. make the land a park for people of many has reduced the steady flow to a slow With lack of interest, funding and communities, the name was changed to seep. professional management, the park Garfield Park in honor of Ohioan and 20th In the early 1900s, the park was being fell victim to vandalism and dumping. president of the United States, James A. developed as a recreational hub, starting After two decades of general disrepair, Garfield. with the construction of a dam and the Cleveland Metroparks secured a 99-year Soon after the name was changed, dredging of an area to build a pond. The lease of Garfield Park, becoming Cleveland construction on the dramatic entrance first pond was used for boating where Metroparks twelfth reservation in 1986. The and driveway encircling the park began. you could rent a single oar for 15 cents. rehabilitation of Garfield Park Reservation The driveway, completed in 1899, created If a gentleman wanted to impress his included trail development, facilities a promenade for owners of the newly date, then he would rent the second oar maintenance and the removal of more than invented automobile to see and to be seen for an additional dime. This second pond 60 truckloads of trash. by other members of high society. The park was constructed in 1915 and was built The fragments of Garfield Park had a terrific hayday of men in fancy cars on the upper side of the dam and was Reservation’s history are held within its and women in white dresses, lace gloves used for fishing during warm months and now 213 acres. Instead of boats, the pond and dainty umbrellas. The later addition of ice-skating during winter. By the 1920’s, is a water resource and a hunting ground trolley train service directly into the park in addition to the ponds, there were six used by mink, turtles and hawks. Instead of would mean visitors no longer required a tennis courts, two softball fields, two vehicles, the grand promenade is a place vehicle to access the various amenities. football fields and the Cleveland area’s where hikers, runners and leisurely walkers first public pool. The pool, built in 1917, The automobile promenade was not the thrive alongside wildlife in this park that is was located at what is now Windy Ridge only feature that made Garfield Park a now an urban oasis. Picnic Area. major attraction. Two natural springs were Ladonna Sifford, Naturalist considered a center of health and natural Over time, other regional recreational Mobile Outreach

8 Emerald Necklace November 2020 INSIDE OUR PARKS Waterfalls of Bedford Reservation

The Great Falls of Tinker’s Creek

edford Reservation is famous Linda Falls (41.3518401, -81.5765571) out for these opportunities for its waterfalls. You may have — This lesser known waterfall is in the future! Beven heard of the most notable, actually two waterfalls that come Stone Quarry Falls — including Bridal Veil Falls or the Great Falls together at the perfect moment. Named after a long-lost of Tinker’s Creek, but deeper exploration Produced by two small tributaries quarry, this waterfall sits into the woodlands of Bedford will reveal to Sagamore Creek and sheltered furthest upstream in the tremendous waterfalls that have inspired by the forest canopy, Linda Falls east branch of Deer Lick local artists and photographers for nearly is perfectly framed by the ravine Creek. Marking the creek’s a century. it has carved out over thousands entrance into the gorge, of years. If you’re looking for an it stands as a gateway to The Must-See, Big Three adventure with inspiring views, adventure. While it can be this is the waterfall to find. Great Falls of Tinker’s Creek (41.3835987, Stone Quarry Falls spotted from just off the -81.5325297) — Tucked nicely into the Daniel Frost Photography bridle trail, the best views upper reaches of the gorge, the great falls Waterfalls Worth the Trek are had when approached stand at 17 feet tall and over 50 feet wide. from below, where you can truly experience Waterfall at Lost Meadows (41.3835987, the majesty of its presence. These falls consist of a massive sandstone -81.5325297) — Situated just north slab that is supported by a seam of of Lost Meadows Picnic Area, this Junction Falls — This tumbling waterfall Bedford shale. The rainy seasons send charming waterfall is always worth a sits at the confluence of the central and rushing waters over the edge, creating a visit. Often decorated with chirping east branches of Deer Lick Creek. It is thunderous chorus and a fine mist that chickadees and charismatic sandpipers, enchanting in its own right but is greatly will inspire awe in explorers of all ages. this quiet spot joins the nearby Tinker’s enhanced by the surrounding sandstone Bridal Veil Falls (41.3730880, -81.5494826) Creek and sits mere steps away from cliffs and lush hillsides. If you’re looking for — The well-aerated waters that cascade one of the best views within the gorge. a place to truly connect with nature, this is the spot. down this extraordinary set of falls Hemlock Creek Falls (41.3757071, resemble that of a bride’s flowing veil. -81.5749830) — Seemingly marking Fishbowl Falls — As the last of the With a backdrop of yellow birch, Eastern the end of the Tinker’s Creek Gorge, notable falls in Deer Lick Creek, Fishbowl hemlock and a smaller set of falls just these falls are a gateway to the stream Falls is often missed by the casual hiker. upstream, this is the ideal spot to capture above. Hemlock Creek is lined with Its steep, yet quiet descent into the that perfect fall color scene. lush hemlock trees, steep hillsides and shallow, fish-filled pool below earned its plethora of wildlife, making for a quiet “fishbowl” moniker. This waterfall appears and enchanting stream to explore. to be a favorite spot for young frogs and developing salamanders sheltering from By Appointment Only the faster flowing waters beyond. While exploring these unique and inspiring What are arguably the greatest scenes locations, be sure to walk gently and leave in Bedford Reservation, Deer Lick Creek no trace to ensure these areas will remain has some of the best waterfalls in this pristine for future generations. region. However, these locations are off-trail and only accessible during Jake Kudrna, Naturalist Linda Falls naturalist-led programs. Keep an eye CanalWay Center Photo by Gabe Leidi

clevelandmetroparks.com 9 CAPITAL PROJECTS

TOWPATH TRAIL … One Step Closer To Completion

Stage 3 not only provides an all-new multimodal transportation corridor his fall, Cleveland Metroparks Park in Downtown Cleveland’s in Cleveland, but also provides together with the City of Flats. In 2021, the northernmost section new recreational opportunities in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, of the Towpath Trail is expected to be T underutilized portions of the Cuyahoga and Canalway Partners marked the completed. River Valley. The 1.9-mile stretch offers official opening of the Towpath Trail unique amenities to users including The Towpath Trail Extension will Stage 3, a 1.9 mile stretch of trail between views of the city skyline from 30-foot- ultimately connect via the Cleveland Steelyard Commons and Literary Avenue high grassy mounds adjacent to the trail Foundation Centennial Lake Link Trail to in Tremont. Stage 3 is the longest piece and unique landscaping. several Cleveland Metroparks trail of the four phased trail project that projects scheduled for completion in together will make up a total of five miles Thanks to a partnership with the 2021, including the Cleveland Foundation on northernmost stretch of the 101-mile Midwest Railway Preservation Society Centennial Lake Link Trail, Wendy Park Towpath Trail. and a generous grant from Rails-to- Bridge, Whiskey Island Connector and the Trails Conservancy and the Coca-Cola The completion of Stage 3 provides an Red Line Greenway. Foundation, the trail also features important link between the populous a unique interpretive space at a Cleveland neighborhood Tremont, the promontory above Literary Avenue in employment and retail center Steelyard Tremont with interactive railroad-themed Commons and the public outdoor artifacts that pull from the local history recreation area Clark Field. As the of a former 19th century roundhouse in Cleveland portion of the Towpath Trail the nearby Cuyahoga Valley. project nears full completion, it has already become a regional “spine” in a network Construction is also underway on of trails that connect city neighborhoods the final phase of the Towpath Trail and surrounding suburbs throughout Extension. Stage 4 will run 1.5 miles from Brian Zimmerman, Cleveland Metroparks CEO, ceremonially marks opening of Towpath Trail Cleveland, Cuyahoga County and beyond. Literary Avenue to the future Canal Basin Stage 3. Stream and Wetland Restoration at Bonnie Park hile many of our daily schedules aquatic wildlife the ability to move up In September, the team replaced the have slowed down due to and downstream, but it will also allow outdated, undersized culvert under WCOVID-19, stream and wetland safer river access to anglers and other the entrance drive to allow for better restoration activities at Bonnie Park in Mill park guests. connection of flow. This fall, landscaping Stream Run Reservation have remained contractors worked alongside Watershed With river work complete, the contractors busy throughout the pandemic. Volunteers and Cleveland Metroparks staff shifted focus on wetlands by fine tuning to install native seed, live willow stakes After finalizing the restoration design, some grading and adding woody and containerized plants. contractors removed the dam across the material as standing snags and large East Branch of the Rocky River — the woody debris. Additional plants, interpretive signage, primary reason the river was not in full riverside seating and other user-friendly attainment of its warm water habitat features will complete the project in Bonnie Park dam restoration at designation. The summer months brought Mill Stream Run Reservation. spring of 2021. In essence, the project continued work in the river to create riffle- acknowledges the high quality wetlands pool sequences, remove degraded gabion and river that surround Bonnie Park Picnic baskets, taper back the river bank, remove Area by bringing these resources to the river-side concrete and establish floodplain foreground, inviting guests to visit and benches. This work will not only allow enjoy what the natural environment has to offer.

10 Emerald Necklace November 2020 CONSERVATION & SCIENCE Cleveland Metroparks Leads National Beech Leaf Disease Project hen natural resource bands cover more than two-thirds collect BLD survey professionals at Lake County of a leaf, it becomes disfigured and data. Through Wfirst found Beech Leaf Disease leathery in texture. After several years, THS, users are (BLD) in their parks in 2012, Cleveland canopies become sparse and branches trained to identify Metroparks recognized the threat to die, which can lead to death. Mature beech and BLD symptoms, making it our forests and responded by searching trees take several years to decline, but a great opportunity for both resource for it in our parks. Staff found BLD in saplings can be killed within a few professionals and citizen scientists to North and South Chagrin Reservations years. contribute to this national project. Aside in 2014. Now, BLD has not only spread from finding new BLD occurrences, Unfortunately, little is known about across much of Northeast Ohio, it is also we also use THS to document resistant this disease. And so, the USDA Forest suspected in eight states and Ontario, trees which could be employed in the Service provided grant funds to Canada. future for breeding purposes. several organizations to determine Early symptoms appear as dark green the range and extent of BLD and As we continue to learn more about bands between leaf veins. When dark increase research to find the causal BLD, check our website for resources, agent. As a grant recipient, Cleveland webinars, and training documents. Metroparks is leading the national If you’re interested in learning more survey and monitoring efforts. We or contributing to BLD surveys, visit partnered with Kent State University http://clevelandmetroparks.com/parks/ to develop Tree Health Survey (THS), education/publications. If you’re quick, an Apple and Android app designed to you may be able to look for BLD before the remaining leaves fall off this year! Invasive Plant Profile: Bush Honeysuckles In November park visitors may notice a between 1 to 3 inches long, oval certain group of green shrubs, despite the to elliptical in shape, and fragrant, brown dormancy of their plant neighbors. tubular flowers which flare into 5 long More than likely it is a type of bush petals. The characteristic form of bush honeysuckle. Bush honeysuckles are the honeysuckle has graceful arching stems, “last in, first out” in Cleveland Metroparks. pale tan bark with vertical furrows on That is, in essence, the superpower of this the trunk, and hollow twigs lined with super-invasive group of shrubs. spongy brown pith. The berries are Bush Honeysuckle paired along the stems, ranging from Honeysuckles have long been popular yellow-orange to deep red. growth is a serious problem for the future ornamentals. They were so hardy, easy to of a forest. grow, full of fragrant blossoms and bright Sounds lovely, but behind the beauty berries that they were planted everywhere. lies an invasive beast. Academic research Management of bush honeysuckles has But they didn’t stay put, spreading by seed, in Ohio about Amur honeysuckle one bright spot. Their phenology — the hitching a ride in the guts of birds and is uncovering its ecosystem effects. timing of life events — produces leaves wildlife, thriving wherever the seeds landed. The abundance and variety of other earlier and delays leaf drop longer than plants in the forest subcanopy declines native shrubs, providing a window to treat Of the many species only a handful have significantly after establishment of honeysuckle with less risk to native plants. become invasive. In Cleveland Metroparks, honeysuckle. In southwest Ohio, dense Sustained effort produces satisfying the invasives are Japanese honeysuckle, a stands of honeysuckle reduced the results. Visitors to Ohio and Erie Canal vine, and the shrubs Amur honeysuckle, growth rate of the canopy trees by Reservation may detect the evidence Morrow’s, Tartarian and many hybrids about 16%. Reduction of native plants in of honeysuckle removal at Blue Heron between Morrow and Tartarian. the understory, suppression of sapling Marsh, CanalWay Center, and Morgans These honeysuckles have pairs of leaves growth, and restriction of mature tree Hollow Picnic Area.

clevelandmetroparks.com 11 at The Chalet Tobogganing Recreation Area Kick Off to the 2020-2021 November Toboggan Hours: Chalet Toboggan Season • Opening Day, November 27: Noon – 9:00 p.m. • Saturday, November 28: Noon – 9:00 p.m. begins November 27 • Sunday, November 29: Noon – 5 p.m. No Snow Required!! This season of icy fun kicks off on opening day with special holiday hours Friday, Regular 2020-2021 Toboggan November 27, noon – 9:00 p.m. Hours – Reservations Required: All riders must be at least 42” tall and must wear • Fridays: 6:00 p.m. – 9:00 p.m. gloves or mittens. Children, ages 14 and under • Saturdays: 12:00 p.m. – 9:00 p.m. must be accompanied by an adult. • Sundays: 12:00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m. Please visit clevelandmetroparks.com/tchutes for all toboggan and current safety updates or Chutes open under 50°; snow not needed. call 440-572-9990 for more information All riders must wear gloves or mittens. All riders must be at least 42” tall to ride. The Chalet at Mill Stream Run Recreation Area is Children 14 years & younger must be located at 16200 Valley Parkway in Mill Stream accompanied by an adult. Run Reservation, between Routes 42 and 82 in Strongsville – just a short distance from I-71 and Rates: the Ohio Turnpike. Adults – $12 all day ticket Children (11 & under) – $10 all day ticket One-Ride ticket – $6 Visit clevelandmetroparks.com/tchutes for more information on group rates, private rentals

Reserve your spot for toboggan fun! Reservations are required. Facial coverings are required for guests 6 years and older.

Reserve your private heated igloo on our patio NOW!

Visit clevelandmetroparks.com/merwinswharf for info and to reserve today!

12 Emerald Necklace November 2020 Visit our website for a great at The Chalet selection of park apparel and Recreation Area general merchandise!

Fall in Love with Cleveland Metroparks apparel ONLINE BUYS OCTOBER SPECIAL NOVEMBER SPECIAL DECEMBER SPECIAL 25% OFF Reflective Beanie All Body $16 Cleveland Metroparks FREE Mask Care 2021 Calendar or Bandanna Products $ 99 With any $50 online only 4 merchandise purchase. Offer valid 10/1/20 – 10/31/20. Regular price $9.99 Offer Valid 12/1/20 – 12/31/20 Some exclusions apply. Offer valid 11/1/20 – 11/30/20 Offer not valid with purchase of gift cards. Shop online at Shop online at Some exclusions apply. While supplies clevelandmetroparks.com/parks/shop clevelandmetroparks.com/parks/shop last. Enter Code FREEMASK or FREEBANDANNA at checkout.

Polar Fleece $45 Shop online at clevelandmetroparks.com/parks/shop

Visit our pop-up shop this holiday season at Merwin’s Wharf.

Bird Seed Wreath The shop will be located in the Lock $22 44 Room during Winter Riverfest.

Visit our Hinckley Lake Boathouse & Store.

Audubon Clock Visit our store for a full selection of $34 merchandise and expanded selection Shop online for an of sale merchandise. Monday – Saturday: 10 a.m. – 5 p.m. expanded selection Sunday: Noon – 5 p.m. of merchandise & gift cards. clevelandmetroparks.com 13 EXPLORE OUR ACTIVITIES Cleveland Metroparks WinterWinter FishingFishing GuideGuide rom year to year winter conditions garnering bites on many days. For a in Northern Ohio can be wildly more active approach, anglers jig small Funpredictable, but one thing you flashy spoon lures up and down to mimic can count on is having winter fishing a small baitfish. Trout can be anywhere options available in Cleveland Metroparks! from just under the ice to the lake Steelhead fishing in the Rocky River This article will highlight the best of those bottom — so starting out suspended opportunities. around mid-depth and working up or offerings used for rainbow trout already mentioned will also work for steelhead, Fishing the Hard Water down from there until you find fish is a good strategy. Fishing one rod with bait these fish are larger and stronger so Ice fishing requires a minimum of 4” of and a second as a jigging rod is a great slightly heavier gear is advised. solid ice, and in years when our region way to figure out what the fish prefer on is fortunate to get that, it’s time to grab a given day. In addition to trout, anglers When the Ice Isn’t Nice Ten Placesthe ice toauger or“Fall” spud bar and a sled in Lovecan catch bluegill, largemouth bass, Winter steelhead fishing in the Rocky and loaded with fishing gear, including shorter crappie and channel catfish ice fishing in Chagrin rivers can be excellent as long (≈2 foot) ice fishing rods, and head to Metroparks lakes and ponds. as the river offers some open water. This with Clevelandthe closest Cleveland Metroparks Metroparks lake type of fishing requires different gear, Another exciting ice fishing option or pond. Popular fishing lakes include including warm waders and a longer is targeting steelhead trout, yellow Wallace Lake, Shadow Lake, Ledge Lake, specialized noodle spinning rod. A top perch, sunfish and northern pike in Fort Hill StairsJudge’s - Rocky Lake, and River Ranger Reservation Lake. producing tactic in winter is drifting a the protected embayments along the spawn sack (which is a dime to nickel size Trout will bite a variety of offerings Cleveland Lake Erie shoreline. Some of cluster of salmon or trout eggs tied up in Tinker’s Creekthrough Scenic the ice, Overlook with baits like -a Bedfordsmall jig Reservationthe best locations are around Edgewater colorful nylon mesh) or small marabou tipped with a waxworm, a dime-sized ball and Gordon Park boat ramp areas and jig tipped with a few waxworms under of colorful Power Bait, or a live minnow at Wildwood Marina. Although the same Squire’s Castle - North Chagrin Reservation a specialized bobber in the icy river current. Local outdoors shops typically Lake-to-Lake Boardwalk - Big Creek Reservation carry specialized steelhead fishing gear Ten Places to “Fall” in Love from fall to spring. Skyline Overlookwith - West Cleveland Creek Reservation Metroparks Another option is targeting the stocked trout already mentioned in the open Hinckley Lake - HinckleyFort Hill Reservation Stairs - Rocky River Reservation water of our lakes and ponds. Areas where melt-off enters a pond are good Tinker’s Creek Scenic Overlook - Bedford Reservation places to look for in winter. The same Deer Lick Cave - Brecksville Reservation baits mentioned earlier will work, but Squire’s Castle - North Chagrin Reservation you can trade in the shorter ice fishing Henry Church, Jr. Rock - South Chagrin Reservation rod in favor of a standard spinning or Lake-to-Lake Boardwalk - Big Creek Reservation spincast rod and reel spooled with 6 pound monofilament line. These trout Mill Creek Falls - GarfieldSkyline OverlookPark Reservation - West Creek Reservation offer excellent table fare grilled, baked, Hinckley Lake - Hinckley Reservation fried and smoked. Whipps’s Ledges - Hinckley Reservation Get the Latest Intel Deer Lick Cave - Brecksville Reservation Cleveland Metroparks updates a fishing Henry Church, Jr. Rock - South Chagrin Reservation blog every Thursday all winter long, featuring the latest available fishing Mill Creek Falls - Garfield Park Reservation information and recent catch photos. Check out clevelandmetroparks.com Whipps’s Ledges - Hinckley Reservation for more information and join me on the water (frozen or otherwise) this winter. Special thanks to our Ten to Explore sponsor... Mike Durkalec, Aquatic Biologist 14 Emerald Necklace November 2020 IN YOUR BACKYARD Winterizing Your Garden & Yard

Photo by Kelly Sikkema on Unsplash

utterflies and bees are wonderful first spring mow, set the blade height comma, and the question mark, that and essential sights of summer, high, at least six inches, and the mower overwinter as adults. These butterflies Bbut once fall comes they seem to blades will go over the top of emerging will spend the winter deep in brush piles disappear. However, they are not gone, butterflies and growing caterpillars. where they are protected from snow and they are overwintering. As we approach the cold winds. first frost, keep in mind these sustainable 4. Leave the Brush Pile Fall clean-up does not have to be an ways to winterize your garden with native Brush piles grow as the summer and intense hassle. Nature isn’t perfect but insects in mind. Even small amounts of fall seasons pass. They contain essential indeed purposeful for providing essential seeds and brush will help beneficial insects material for overwintering insects. In habitat for pollinator needs. survive the cold months and will enhance Ohio, we have a few butterfly species your garden next year. including the mourning cloak, Eastern Natalie Schroder, Naturalist CanalWay Center 1. Leave the Leaves As leaves fall in the autumn, do not remove them from your garden beds. They make good cover on flowerbeds to suppress winter annuals. Leaf litter is natural mulch Winterizing that also provides hiding places and food for beneficial insects including ground a Rain Barrel beetles, centipedes, millipedes, and pill nyone with a rain barrel knows bugs. These helpful creatures will break how useful they are around the down and add organic material to the yard and garden. As the rain soil. Leaf cover also provides insulation for A a brush; if not, you can add the mixture changes to snow, remember to take a many butterflies and moths that pupate in and shake the barrel to clean get a few simple maintenance steps so that it the soil. similar effect. The mixture is safe to can work perfectly come spring. dump in your lawn and the barrel can 2. Don’t Dead-Head It All The most important step is to drain be stored outdoors if it is watertight, Many gardeners cut back perennials and your rain barrel. Water expands when otherwise store inside. The hose and ornamental grasses during fall clean- it freezes, and repeated freezing and diverter should be stored indoors to up activities. However, leaving healthy thawing can damage your rain barrel prevent weather damage. With your standing plants with their seeds provide system. Drain most of the water from barrel disassembled, you may want birds with winter foraging. Making a pile the spigot before detaching the barrel, to adjust your downspout to protect of brush or two with cut back dead plants then empty the rest through the top. your foundation. Hardware stores will allows hiding places for overwintering Once the barrel is empty, it will need sell downspout extenders and splash queen bumblebees and wasps. These to be cleaned and stored. The goal is blocks to direct water away from your essential pollinators need a warmer place to remove debris and discourage mold foundation. growth during the winter and algal to get out of the coming winter weather. Now you are ready for winter! Be sure growth in the spring. Remove the large to check back for more rain barrel tips 3. Let the Grass Grow debris by rinsing the barrel interior in the spring. Many butterflies and skippers pupate on with a hose; then add a quarter cup of grasses and field dwelling plants. A final vinegar and a gallon of warm water to Peter Frank, Naturalist fall mow will eradicate these essential reduce their growth. If your barrel has an Watershed Stewardship Center pollinators and their offspring. For the open top, you can scrub the interior with

clevelandmetroparks.com 15 OUTDOOR RECREATION

Worden’s Ledges at Hinckley Reservation Don’t Give into Winter Yet

emperatures are undeniably chilly, 2. Take advantage of the newly leafless and the fall foliage has departed. trees by seeking out far reaching vistas TIt’s starting to look a lot like those to retain heat, just like a well-insulated otherwise obscured during warmer long winter months have set in. Don’t house, energy should not be wasted weather. with escaping heat. Whether it’s a fleece give into winter’s claim yet, as late 3. Dig out your compass and print off a or a puffy jacket, mid-layers can be autumn has many advantages over Brecksville Orienteering Course map. It’s a chosen to accommodate temperature winter and early spring. great time of year to practice those rusty averages. Like a house’s siding, the As nights trend colder and the days are map and compass skills when forest views outer layer of the system, most getting shorter, take heart in maximizing are more expansive. Visit this website: commonly a rain jacket or soft shell the last of the fall season. Enjoy the last neooc.com/brecksville-all-seasons-course. jacket, is designed to protect against mild days by planning activities around the elements like wind and rain. While it 4. Embrace the darkness. Spend evenings the weather forecast and layering for is not necessary to wear all these layers warming up around the fire while it cooks more internal thermostat control. Visible all the time, it is important to have the your dinner. Strap on a headlamp, bundle breath and a chill on the nose are an ability to do so, layering and delayering up, and step into the forest. Exploring absolute joy, especially while having fun as needed. Finally, carry a small day pack your favorite trails after dusk will feel like a outdoors bundled against the elements. to bring extra layers, as well as water whole new world. Tune in for a nighttime Dressing in layers helps to minimize and a few snacks on your late autumn light show. The Leonids can be visible for wetness from sweating when adventures. most of November and will peak around temperatures fluctuate, or you kick the 16th – 18th (peak listings vary but are Now you are ready to layer your clothes the activity up a notch. The body loses reported between these days). and lace up freshly waterproofed boots heat 25 times faster when wet than and head out on an adventure to While you’re checking off adventures from when dry. It is especially important to explore straight through November until your November to do list, reward yourself choose a base layer, the layer next to the freshly packed snow arrives. Here are with a piping hot thermos full of cider for your skin, that wicks moisture away to some suggestions to get you started: a post-adventure snack. Most importantly, aid in staying dry when hypothermia don’t forget to enjoy the last days of one of can be a severe danger. Materials better 1. Relish insect free days and cool the best seasons of the year. suited to wicking moisture include some evenings by hitting the trails, take synthetics as well as natural fibers like that camping trip, or try backpacking. Ashley Rosetti, Recreation Specialist wool and silk. Mid-layers should function Snuggle up in your synthetic or down Outdoor Recreation sleeping bag and enjoy the chill in the air.

Euclid Creek Reservation along the Upper Highland Loop trail

16 Emerald Necklace November 2020 OUTDOOR RECREATION Fall Cleaning Storing Warm Weather Gear and Preparing Winter Gear f you are an avid outdoor enthusiast, Wash. Then, it’s off to the dryer for an lubricate the O-rings on your backpacking you most likely collect gear like the unheated dry cycle with a few tennis balls stoves and filters. Ileaves collect in your yard. As snow to knock around the fibers and puff them and winter temperatures approach, many back up. Drying can be done in-between are looking at cleaning and storing warm washes to give your gear a quick boost. weather items for the cold months and Use dish soap or Simple Green on the getting winter-centric gear out of storage plastics of your kayak or the metals of and primed for the season. Functioning your bike frame. Tents can be set up, the gear allows for more quality time doing dirt shook out, and spot cleaned. the activities you love. Don’t lose precious time frantically waxing your skis before 2. Fully dry everything before storing to taking advantage of the first snowfall. prevent rust or the growth of mold: November is a great time for fall cleaning, Pull components apart to aid in drying. organizing and storing your warm Dismantle your backpacking water weather passions, and getting prepared filter to ensure a thorough drying. for a new season of fun. Remove kayak hatch covers allowing compartments to fully air out. Hang your There are a few considerations to hydration bladder upside down and properly storing gear so it emerges well propped open to dry. maintained. Photo by Michael Marcon on Unsplash 3. Condition your gear so it doesn’t turn brittle, crack, or tear: 4. Properly store your gear: UV light is brutal on just about Indoor storage protects against everything, including your gear. Use devastating UV light; however, if that waxes and polishes for fiberglass kayaks kayak doesn’t quite fit, protect it under the or stand up paddleboards. 303 Aerospace eaves of a building or under a tarp. Indoor Protectant will hydrate your plastic storage should be dry with a little air flow. kayak and the PVC inflatable SUP. Revive Most soft gear, including that sleeping your rain jacket or other water-resistant bag you just revived, should be stored materials by using ReviveX Spray-On loose and uncompressed to maintain or Nikwax Direct Wash-in, which are loft or prevent wear to repeatedly folded good DWR replacement treatments. Oil areas. Similarly, inflatable SUPs should be the gears and chains on your bikes, and partially inflated. As a space saver, separate Photo by Alice Donovan Rouse on Unsplash the wheels from your bike frame. 1. Clean your gear: 5. Consider selling unused gear to create more storage space: Dirt and grime should be removed with varying methods based on material type. Your well-loved gear can find a new home Washing outdoor fabrics will prolong while you bank your profits for next year’s their life, and in the case of insulative new toy! materials, will rejuvenate some of their Now that you’re prepared for the warming properties or restore water upcoming season with your extra puffy resistance. When it comes to down/ jacket and recently waterproofed boots, synthetic jackets and sleeping bags, the it’s time to wax those skis. Embrace the washer and dryer will be your best friend. change of seasons with preparedness, Washing in a front-loading machine is the creating more time to get out and explore. preferred method. Use mild detergents or gear specific options like ReviveX Ashley Rosetti, Recreation Specialist Synthetic Fabric Cleaner or Nikwax Tech Outdoor Recreation

clevelandmetroparks.com 17 More than a million lights Musical light show Animals at night Starts November 17

Visit FutureForWildlife.org/lights for dates and times

©Registered trademark of Cleveland Metroparks.

18 Emerald Necklace November 2020 ZOO NEWS The Impact of Today’s Zoos and Aquariums remember school Classrooms just can’t engage kids with Schools are struggling to figure out trips to the Zoo science like zoos and aquariums can. They how to meet their core curriculum Dr. Chris Kuhar Iat a very young make science real and interesting. Here requirements. Taking kids to off-site age. I remember laughing with my friends in northeast Ohio, over 110,000 school educational programming, no matter at the monkeys and loving having the kids participated in education programs how valuable, just isn’t in the cards right opportunity to see wildlife. I grew up in at Cleveland Metroparks Zoo in 2019. The now. How do we help kids when COVID a city. My family didn’t travel broadly and 240 zoos and aquariums accredited by the has changed the rules? the Zoo was a window into the world that I Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) We have to be creative. Virtual wouldn’t have had otherwise. For me, that provide educational opportunities to over programming is on everyone’s minds early experience, and the school-based 200 million guests each year. right now and that’s how much of science programs that the Zoo conducted, In September, AZA “gathered” for its science learning will proceed in 2021, translated to a career in science and annual conference in a virtual format but it will have to be adaptable. There’s eventually to becoming a Zoo Director. due to the challenges of COVID-19. A a reason why the animal experience Those early Zoo experiences provided common theme in those discussions was at zoos is more powerful than the an educational opportunity that could how zoos and aquariums must pivot their classroom experience and that is very never have been provided in a classroom. educational programming. hard to replicate in a virtual classroom. Technology will only get us so far. We have to consider what the future Ways to Recycle holds and how we prepare ourselves for that future. The economic impact Beyond the Curbside of zoos and aquariums is huge, but the future impact of accredited • Athletic shoes; a program through Nike zoos and aquariums on education, Reuse-A-Shoe science and conservation is even n November 15 — the nationally • Shrink-wrap from boats in storage at greater. Supporting your local Zoo recognized date for America Cleveland Metroparks marinas; an Ohio and aquarium is an investment in Recycles Day —schools and Clean Marinas Program (OCMP) through today, but more importantly it’s an O investment in tomorrow. Please organizations create events to promote Ohio Sea Grant at OSU and encourage recycling throughout the visit clevelandzoosociety.org/ • Strings of broken lights; to benefit Lion United States. feedthezoo to learn more about how and Cheetah Conservation through the you can support the efforts of Cleveland Cleveland Metroparks Zoo has celebrated Ruaha Carnivore Project in Tanzania, Metroparks Zoo. and supported this day by hosting events Africa that have educated on how to “Reduce, Dr. Chris Kuhar, Executive Director, • Cell phones and other handheld Reuse, and Recycle,” and also collected Cleveland Metroparks Zoo electronic devices; to benefit Gorilla various items for recycling, such as, Conservation in Rwanda and aluminum cans, cell phones, computers, Democratic Republic of Congo printer cartridges, and paper documents for shredding. Year-round, you can Locally, for the most current information recycle paper at the Zoo or any Cleveland and correct way to recycle, the best Metroparks Reservation. Revenue resource to explore is the Cuyahoga generated from our various recycling County Solid Waste District. They provide efforts has been donated to conservation expertise and programs to reduce the projects locally, as well as around the environmental impact of waste. world. To find out more about Cleveland Some non-traditional materials that the Metroparks Zoo’s conservation efforts, Zoo has helped recycle include: visit FutureForWildlife.org.

clevelandmetroparks.com 19 WINTER BIRDING Winter Wings on Water

uring cold stretches of winter the largest overwintering populations of glaucous there is a group of birds that go mergansers in the world! On any given gull for its pure Dlargely unnoticed unless they day on the lake, groups of one-thousand white feathers. Glaucous gulls leave the are being actively searched for. They are strong can be seen flying low over the arctic in the fall to overwinter in the Great gulls and diving ducks, and they make up water to fishing spots. Lakes. Both species may look ready for a most of the overwintering population of formal event, but they are not as proper While “Seagull” is a commonly used name, waterfowl on Lake Erie. These birds make as they look. With tough beaks, sharp nails these actually refer to a type of bird called our great lake their winter home due and loud squawks, these birds will fight a “gull.” Each gull species has a name that to the large populations of fish, such as over fish, space, and will even steal eggs differentiates them from the others. Great gizzard shad and emerald shiners, living in from other nesting gulls. black-backed gulls are named for their the shallow waters. The birds will fly over slaty black wings and backs. These birds While Cleveland Metroparks has plenty frozen areas to find open water to feed can be found along the Atlantic Ocean of winter wonders, don’t forget to visit and rest in Northeast Ohio throughout and in the Great Lakes. The amazing thing the Lake Erie waterfront to see the the entirety of the winter. about these tuxedo looking birds is that overwintering waterbirds. These resilient The red-breasted mergansers are large they are largest gull on Earth, and call creatures are only here during the diving ducks that spend the winter in Lake Erie along the shores of Cleveland toughest months, when the water freezes, open water on Lake Erie. Their numbers home. The lack of predators makes it and the winds blow. during November and December reach a perfect place to overwinter. Another Natalie Schroder, Naturalist the tens of thousands, making for one of beautiful looking gull is aptly named the CanalWay Center

Red-breasted merganser Great black-backed gull Glaucous gull

Photo by Jen Goellnitz, Fairview Park Photo by Jen Goellnitz, Fairview Park Photo by Jen Brumfield Backyard science for everyone FeederWatch: Un Having a backyard bird feeder is a great that scientists use in their studies. The If you’re looking for a simple, fun activity d nd way to experience wildlife from the program suggests watching your feeder that you can do alone or with family, er o comfort of your own home. To add to over two consecutive days, for an hour FeederWatch is a great project in which to the P that experience, you can participate in each day, from November through April. participate. FeederWatch — a community science If that’s too much of a commitment, don’t Matt Knittel, Naturalist program created and curated by the worry! They’re happy to accept any data Watershed Stewardship Center Cornell Lab of Ornithology. you can provide, even if it’s one day a week, or less. Sign up on the FeederWatch website (www.feederwatch.org), and you’ll be sent At the end of the season, you’ll receive a calendar, an identification poster, and an end-of-year report showcasing data more. The basics are incredibly simple from across the country on which birds and allow community members to submit were seen the most, during which part of information about bird populations winter they were seen, and more! Black-capped chickadee and downy woodpecker

20 Emerald Necklace November 2020 INSIDE OUR PARKS Amphibians in the Winter

swimming in the water below the ice. Surviving the Freezing Cold They do this by being able to remove So, how do these terrestrial amphibians American bullfrog enough oxygen from the water through survive below-freezing temperatures? As their skin in order to breath and stay ice crystals form on their skin, that signals inter days are shorter, the air alive. In the case of the American their liver to start converting glycogen temperatures are cooler and the bullfrog, even their tadpoles can survive to glucose (sugar), carrying the sweet Wsurface areas of ponds, streams the winter months. antifreeze to all tissues and organs. Their and even Lake Erie can freeze over. So metabolism slowly drops to very low how do amphibians, who need water Protection in Hibernation levels. The lungs of the partially frozen for respiration, reproduction and food, Terrestrial species of amphibians must amphibian stops breathing and the heart survive during the frozen winter months? hibernate during the winter by either stops beating. No worries though, when finding a good location or creating their the warm rains of spring arrive these Aquatics Adapting to Winter own safe space. For example, American amphibians will slowly thaw and all the Amphibians have developed toads are great diggers and burrow deep glucose in their systems will fuel their extraordinary adaptations to overwinter into the soil below the frost line. Some annual migration to breed. in places like Northeast Ohio. Some mole salamanders (spotted and Jefferson Mario Jackson, Naturalist aquatic species of amphibians like the salamanders) use burrows of other Mobile Outreach American bullfrog, leopard frog and animals. Amphibians that can’t dig, such red-spotted newt spend their winter as the wood frog, Eastern red-backed underwater, below the ice. They may lie salamander and the terrestrial stage of on the pond bottom or bury themselves the red-spotted newt (red eft) find deep partially under mud and leaves. Even cracks in logs or rocks or dig down as though their metabolism slows down far as they can in the leaf litter. While and they become less active during offering some level of protection from winter months, they still feed and can predators and the elements, these hiding Red-backed salamander be seen moving across the substrates or places can still freeze. Photos by Marty Calabrese appenin is H g… Turtles, such as snapping turtles and and become an adult. During the winter, at painted turtles, “brumate,” which is a these nymphs will burrow deep into the h process similar to hibernation. During organic matter at the bottom of ponds W brumation, animals will substantially to overwinter. These amazing insects can

lower their heart rates, activity levels, tolerate temperature as low 23 degrees

body temperatures and metabolisms. without their tissues freezing solid. This

They will burrow down in the mud is due to a variety of freeze tolerance

below the pond and absorb a minimal mechanisms, which may include finding

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amount of oxygen through their skin. warmer microhabitats and/or adjusting

nd d er on With such low oxygen levels in frozen the levels of certain alcohols or sugars in the P ponds, turtles can build up too much their blood to lower their freezing point. acid, which can be deadly. These amazing uring the busy summer months, Even though these animals may be creatures will change their blood ponds and wetlands are filled with hidden from sight, it should not stop chemistry by borrowing materials from the sights of turtles basking in the you from getting out to see their homes. D their skeletons and shells to balance out sun and dragonflies zooming through the Ponds may seem empty, especially on the extra acid in their bodies. air. Throughout fall, they are still seen on frigid days. Just remember that just like warm days. However, once November hits, Adult dragonflies only live for one season, us, these animals are waiting for a warm these animals seem to disappear. Where so during that time it their job to mate spring day to pop their heads out of the do they go during the winter months and lay eggs. These eggs will hatch into water to start a new season. when temperatures dip below freezing? nymphs that will live under the water in Natalie Schroder, Naturalist How do they survive and make it to the ponds. Some of these dragonfly nymphs CanalWay Center warm summer months? need up to five years to fully develop

clevelandmetroparks.com 21 INSIDE OUR PARKS Appetite for Acorns Fall Leaf Collection Guide for Kids ave you ever tried to preserve the beauty of fall? Collecting leaves this Htime of year is a great way to have fun outside, learn and be creative. First, gather your leaves. Take a walk in your yard and search for leaves of different colors, shapes and sizes. Make sure they’ve already fallen from the trees and you have permission to gather them. Next, a little work can help you enjoy your Mallard with acorn at Bradley Woods Reservation leaves for quite a while: Photo by Jen Goellnitz, Fairview Park • Try using a paintbrush to coat leaves n the fall it’s nearly impossible to go white. Acorn production is different with a craft glue or for a hike without encountering acorns between species in these two families. sealant. Iunderfoot. A variety of oak tree species Acorns from trees in the white oak occur throughout Cleveland Metroparks, family will mature in one growing • Ask for an adult’s each with its unique preferences of season. They have fewer tannins and help to iron your habitat, bark pattern, and leaf shape. are less bitter, so they are preferred by leaves between two What they all have in common is the wildlife over red oak acorns. However, sheets of wax paper production of acorns. While each oak tree they germinate quickly after falling (don’t forget to use produces distinctly different acorns, from to the ground, which affects their towels to protect the diminutive pin oak to the round and palatability. White oaks acorns can also your iron and your robust red oak, all are critically important be more susceptible to environmental ironing board). The Sugar maple sources of food for wildlife. factors such as late frosts, which can leaves can then be damage an entire crop. In contrast, red bound together into a book using a hole Acorns Appeal to Many oak acorns take two growing seasons to punch and yarn or hung in the window for Everyone knows squirrels and chipmunks mature. While they are more bitter, they decoration. love acorns, but they are also a favorite have a longer shelf-life. Long after all the • Another option is to try pressing leaves. of turkeys, songbirds, white-tailed deer, white oak acorns are gobbled up, they Place them between sheets of newspaper raccoons, rabbits, foxes, and even wood become highly sought by wildlife once and layer them beneath heavy books. In a ducks. Chock-full of carbohydrates, fat, winter’s chill sets in. few weeks, they’ll be flattened and dry. and protein, these nutritious nuts are Bethany Majeski, Manager key for the survival of forest food chains. Learn more about your leaves. Do you know North Chagrin Nature Center Animals rely on these and other tree nuts, what kind of tree they came from? Use a collectively known as “hard mast,” to build website or field guide to help you learn up calorie reserves to sustain through more. Label them so you’ll remember next winter. Even humans once frequently ate year. Pay attention, as the colors of falling acorns. Indigenous people collected and leaves change throughout the season, and shelled the nuts, then let them sit in water, different trees lose their leaves at different which leached out any bitter tannins. times. Try a weekly ‘leaf walk’ to notice the Once dried, the acorns were ground into changes as time passes. Each autumn is flour. You can still find acorn flour for sale totally unique. Is there more or less color today in some specialty shops or online. this year than you remember? Why do you think that is? Variety of Acorns Enjoy your leaf collection as winter comes! In Cleveland Metroparks our many oak Eastern fox squirrel Selby Majewski Bean, Naturalist species fall into two families, red and Photo by Jen Goellnitz, Fairview Park North Chagrin Nature Center

22 Emerald Necklace November 2020 KIDS CORNER Birds in Your Backyard WORD SEARCH: Find all the words hidden in the across,Birds down, inand our diagonally Backyards, with no backwards. A W E B L A C K B I R D B O R A E R A I H H M I L O V R H E R R O B I N U D V N Y C D O W I N U E P Y M L T I C S D E T J E A E N O N N M T H H A C H I C K A D E E T A Y K N N O A L U K L X T W E S P A R R O W E S C B R V G T W T S O I T H M T E E E F S O L A U G B E E S Y A E P N L S O Find all the words below hidden across and down. BLACKBIRD CARDINAL AnswerNUTHA is on theTCH back cover. SPARROW BLUEJAY CHICKADEECHICKADEE BLUE JAYROBIN NUTHATCH WOODPECKERWOODPECKER SPARROW ROBIN BLACKBIRD CARDINAL

Fingerprint Animals Enjoy coloring and reading about amphibians on page 21 in this issue • Materials: Paper, ink pad/paint, markers, of the Emerald Necklace. fingers and imagination! • What animal you want to make? Where do you want that animal to be? What color is your animal going to be? Which finger will Go on a Texture Hunt! you use for what part of the animal? 1. Bring along white paper and crayons with • Ink/paint one finger at a time. Have a no paper on them scrap piece of paper to practice on. The first 2. Find a tree and place the paper on it. couple of prints might not come out the 3. Color the paper with the crayon sideways way you want. (flat). When you think you are ready make your 4. Do this with leaves, different types of bark, animal one fingerprint at a time. types of sidewalk, etc. Once animal print has dried add any details 5. You will be amazed at all the different with marker to your animal, like eyes, nose, textures you find outside! mouth, ears, legs, tail, or whiskers. Then add your background, the habitat you RIDDLE RHYME: picked your animal to be in. My name suits what I do — you’ll find me on a tree or two. Fun Fact! I have many varieties to claim, Did you know that beavers have a third eyelid? It is called a but my most famous is a cartoon nictitating membrane which means it’s transparent and allows name. What am I? the beaver to see underwater! Like humans wearing goggles! Answer on the back cover.

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Emerald Necklace® Directory Published monthly by: Board of Park Commissioners Cleveland Metroparks Outdoor Experiences and Cleveland Metroparks Bruce G. Rinker Dan T. Moore Administration Offices Education 216-635-3200 President Vice President 216-635-3200/24-hour info 216-881-8141 clevelandmetroparks.com Debra K. Berry Brian M. Zimmerman Vice President Chief Executive Officer 4101 Fulton Parkway clevelandmetroparks.com/OE Cleveland, OH 44144 Nature Centers: clevelandmetroparks.com Park Brecksville Nature Center 9000 Chippewa Creek Drive Cleveland Metroparks Police Nature Center Brecksville, OH 44141 Accidents or Emergencies Golf Brecksville Reservation 440-333-4911 Zoo 440-526-1012 Swim Area Cleveland Metroparks Zoo & CanalWay Center The RainForest 4524 E. 49th Street 216-661-6500/24-hour info Cuyahoga Heights, OH 44125 3900 Wildlife Way Ohio & Erie Canal Reservation Cleveland, OH 44109 216-206-1000 FutureForWildlife.org RIVERGATE North Chagrin Nature Center Cleveland Metroparks Golf 401 Buttermilk Falls Parkway Golf Services/440-232-7247 Mayfield Village, OH 44094 (course info & inquiries) North Chagrin Reservation clevelandmetroparks.com/golf 440-473-3370

The Chalet Recreation Area Rocky River Nature Center 16200 Valley Parkway 24000 Valley Parkway Strongsville, OH 44136 North Olmsted, OH 44070 Mill Stream Run Reservation Rocky River Reservation 440-572-9990 440-734-6660

Lakefront Reservation Watershed Stewardship Center

Administration Building 2277 W. Ridgewood Drive

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