Development, Values, and the Meaning of Globalization: a Grassroots Approach
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Development, Values, and the Meaning of Globalization: A Grassroots Approach Gasper F. Lo Biondo, SJ Rita M. Rodriguez Results of the Woodstock Theological Center’s Global Economy and Cultures Project In Collaboration with Jesuit Social Centers A free downloadable electronic version of this text is available online at: woodstock.georgetown.edu/gec THE WOODSTOCK THEOLOGICAL CENTER at Georgetown University • Washington, DC Copyright © 2012 Gasper F. Lo Biondo, SJ, and Rita M. Rodriguez Published in the United States of America by the Woodstock Theological Center All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Woodstock Theological Center Georgetown University, Box 571137 Washington, DC 20057-1137 [email protected] http://woodstock.georgetown.edu Book and eBook production manager: Matthew Gladden Cover photo: Shanti and Manjhu, in front of the coal mine encroaching on their village in Agaria Tola, Jharkhand, India; photo courtesy of Tony Herbert, SJ. Cover design by Keelan Downton and Matthew Gladden Photos from the Global Economy and Cultures project’s International Consultations and of the narrative mosaic tiles were provided by Woodstock Theological Center staff; photos of the narrative protagonists in their home towns were provided courtesy of Tony Herbert, SJ (Chapters 5-6); Leonard Chiti, SJ (Chapter 7); Josep Mària, SJ (Chapter 8); David Velasco Yáñez, SJ (Chapter 9); Rev. Tianzhi Peter Chen (Chapter 10); Bernard Lestienne, SJ (Chapter 11); AXJ Bosco, SJ (Chapter 12); Robin Schweiger, SJ (Chapter 13); Chong-Dae Kim, SJ (Chapter 14); and Rev. Raymond B. Kemp (Chapter 15). ISBN 978-0-578-09942-2 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 A free downloadable electronic version of this text is available online at: woodstock.georgetown.edu/gec To the Protagonists of this book’s narratives, on whose shoulders we stand. With the hope that development practitioners will value their wisdom. CONTENTS Contents ......................................................................................... 5 Preface ........................................................................................... 9 Acknowledgments ........................................................................ 14 PART I Framework and Methodology ............................................. 23 Chapter 1 An Introduction ............................................................................. 25 Our Focus in Looking at the Globalization Process .......................................... 28 Our Notion of Culture ...................................................................................... 29 Our Approach to Economic Development ....................................................... 31 Research Methodology Highlights .................................................................. 36 Structure of the Book ...................................................................................... 41 Chapter 2 Theological Framework ................................................................ 43 Our Approach to Religion and Theological Reflection ..................................... 43 Our Approach to Research Methodology: Jesuit Pedagogy ............................ 47 Our Vision ........................................................................................................ 56 Chapter 3 Research Methodology, Phase I: Narrative Data Gathering, Cultural Analysis and Moral Reflection ................................... 58 The Original Narrative ..................................................................................... 58 Enriching the Original Narrative ...................................................................... 59 Narrative Cultural Analysis .............................................................................. 61 Narrative Moral Reflection: Third International Consultation ........................ 63 The Globalization Mosaic: Fourth International Consultation ........................ 66 Woodstock Researchers’ Analysis ................................................................... 72 Reflections on Phase I Methodology ............................................................... 72 Appendix: Early GEC Project History – Consultations and Regional Meetings ................................................................................ 73 6 Development, Values, and the Meaning of Globalization Chapter 4 Research Methodology, Phase II: Finding the Protagonists’ Meanings and Values........................................ 78 Dynamics of the Human Process of Knowing: Some Role-Playing .................. 81 Phase II Methodology and the Process of Knowing ......................................... 86 Humans’ Scale of Values and the Stages of Consciousness ............................. 95 Tensions within and among Levels of Values ................................................ 102 The Researchers’ Own Process of Knowing ................................................... 107 PART II Narratives to which Both Phase I and II Methodologies Were Applied .................................................. 109 Chapter 5 Shanti in India: Where Will She Go? (Phase I Methodology) ............................................................................. 111 Narrative Summary and Economic Background ............................................ 112 Narrative ....................................................................................................... 113 Cultural Analysis ............................................................................................ 122 Chapter 6 Getting to Know Shanti Through Her Own Eyes (Phase II Methodology) ............................................................................ 132 Shanti’s Meanings and Values as Reflected in Her Choices ........................... 134 Researchers’ Reflections ................................................................................ 141 Chapter 7 Chanda in Zambia: No Chitenge Yet for His Mother .................. 150 Narrative Summary and Economic Background ............................................ 151 Narrative ....................................................................................................... 152 Cultural Analysis ............................................................................................ 160 Chanda’s Meanings and Values as Reflected in His Choices ......................... 168 Researchers’ Reflections ................................................................................ 176 Chapter 8 Núria in Spain: A Young Cosmopolitan in the New Catalonia ................................................................................ 183 Narrative Summary and Economic Background ............................................ 184 Narrative ....................................................................................................... 184 Cultural Analysis ............................................................................................ 189 Núria’s Meanings and Values as Reflected in Her Choices ............................ 196 Researchers’ Reflections ................................................................................ 203 Chapter 9 Jorge Enrique in Mexico: Will He Leave His Home?................... 209 Narrative Summary and Economic Background ............................................ 210 Narrative ....................................................................................................... 211 A Grassroots Approach 7 Cultural Analysis ............................................................................................ 217 Jorge Enrique’s Meanings and Values as Reflected in His Choices ................ 226 Researchers’ Reflections ................................................................................ 232 Chapter 10 Joseph in China: Rural Tradition and City Prosperity .............. 236 Narrative Summary and Economic Background ............................................ 237 Narrative ....................................................................................................... 238 Cultural Analysis ............................................................................................ 244 Joseph’s Meanings and Values as Reflected in His Choices ........................... 251 Researchers’ Reflections ................................................................................ 257 PART III Narratives to which Only Phase I Methodology Was Applied ....................................................... 261 Chapter 11 Telma and Pedro in Brazil: Fiesta and Struggles in the Pastoral Obrera .............................................................................. 263 Narrative Summary and Economic Background ............................................ 264 Narrative ....................................................................................................... 265 Cultural Analysis ............................................................................................ 271 Interpretation ................................................................................................ 282 Chapter 12 Venkaiah in India: Caste and New Chili Seeds ......................... 289 Narrative Summary and Economic Background ............................................ 290 Narrative ......................................................................................................