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Ljudska Prava Izbeglica, Interno Raseljenih Lica, Povratnika, Azilanata I @Rtava Trgovine Ljudima U Srbiji I Crnoj Gori

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Ljudska Prava Izbeglica, Interno Raseljenih Lica, Povratnika, Azilanata I @Rtava Trgovine Ljudima U Srbiji I Crnoj Gori LJUDSKA PRAVA IZBEGLICA, INTERNO RASELJENIH LICA, POVRATNIKA, AZILANATA I @RTAVA TRGOVINE LJUDIMA U SRBIJI I CRNOJ GORI Izve{taj za 2005. Svrha ovog, drugog po redu godi{njeg izve{taja Grupe 484 o stanju ljudskih pra- va izbeglica, raseljenih lica, povratnika, azilanata i `rtava trgovine ljudima u Srbiji i Cr- noj Gori jeste da podigne nivo razumevanja kompleksnog problema prisilnih migracija me|u donosiocima odluka na svim nivoima, da podstakne javnu debatu u medijima, stru~noj javnosti i politi~kim forumima o problemima prisilnih migracija i obavezama Srbije i Crne Gore u tom pogledu. Cilj mu je, tako|e, da doprinese {irenju kruga orga- nizacija civilnog dru{tva, stru~nih i nau~nih institucija, medija i obi~nih gra|ana koji se aktivno zala`u za sveobuhvatniji anga`man dr`ave u procesu re{avanja problema prisil- nih migracija. Godi{nji izve{taj o stanju ljudskih prava prisilnih migranata za 2005. godinu ura- dio je istra`iva~ki i autorski tim Grupe 484: Danilo Raki}, Chantelle Washenfelder, Mi- odrag Shrestha, Vladimir Petronijevi} i Milan Ra~i}. Izve{taj je zasnovan na terenskom i desk istra`ivanju Grupe 484 u Srbiji i Crnoj Gori uklju~uju}i Kosovo. Zahvaljujemo svima koji koji su s na{im istra`iva~ima razgovarali ili radili na pri- premi ovog izve{taja, a posebno Barbari McCallin (NRC Internal Displacement Monito- ring Centre), Igoru Radonji}u, Emiliji Rai~evi} i Neboj{i Manojlovi}u (American Refugee Committee). Svu odgovornost za nalaze, stavove i preporuke u izve{taju nosi Grupa 484. Stavovi izneti u izveštaju nisu nu`no stavovi IDMC, ARC, Balkan Trust for Democracy, German Marshall Fund ili njihovih partnera. Posebno zahvaljujemo NRC Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre i Balkan Trust for Democracy, projektu German Marshall Fund of the United States, organizaci- jama koje su omogu}ile izdavanje ove publikacije. 2 SADR@AJ UVOD ............................................................................................................................ 9 SA@ETAK ..................................................................................................................... 15 1. Izbeglice iz Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine...................................................... 15 1.1. Povratak u BiH...................................................................................... 15 1.2. Povratak u Hrvatsku.............................................................................. 16 1.3. Integracija u Srbiji................................................................................. 16 Preporuke................................................................................................ 17 2. Interno raseljena lica ........................................................................................... 17 Preporuke...................................................................................................... 18 3. Ljudska prava izbeglica i raseljnih lica u Crnoj Gori ......................................... 18 Preporuke...................................................................................................... 19 4. Povratnici na osnovu ugovora o readmisiji......................................................... 19 Preporuke...................................................................................................... 20 5. Azilanti................................................................................................................. 20 Preporuke...................................................................................................... 21 6. Trgovina ljudima i krijum~arenje ljudi .............................................................. 21 Preporuke...................................................................................................... 22 I IZBEGLICE IZ HRVATSKE I BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE ..................................... 23 1. Deregistracija Statusna prava – izbegli~ka legitimacija...................................... 27 2. Pravo na povratak i programi reintegracije......................................................... 28 2.1. Pravni i institucionalni okvir i praksa u vezi s povratkom izbeglica u BiH..................................................................................... 28 2.1.1. Pravo na imovinu i povra}aj imovine ..........................................30 2.1.1 a Obnova imovine.................................................................... 30 2.1.1 b Stanarska prava..................................................................... 31 2.1.2. Ostali preduslovi za reintegraciju povratnika Sigurnost i bezbednost................................................................................. 31 2.1.3. Zaklju~ci ....................................................................................... 32 3 2.2. Pravni i institucionalni okvir i praksa u vezi s povratkom izbeglica u Hrvatsku............................................................................. 32 2.2.1. Pravo na imovinu.......................................................................... 34 2.2.1 a Povra}aj imovine .................................................................. 34 2.2.1 b Obnova imovine Obnova uni{tenih stambenih objekata...... 36 2.2.1 c Stanarska prava ..................................................................... 38 2.2.2. Ostali preduslovi za reintegraciju povratnika............................... 40 2.2.2 a Pitanja reintegracije i pristup osnovnoj infrastrukturi .......... 41 2.2.2 b Sigurnost i bezbednost, pravo na jednakost pred zakonom i nediskriminacija.................................................. 41 2.3. Napredak ............................................................................................... 42 3. Integracija izbeglica u Srbiji................................................................................ 42 3.1. Pravni okvir i praksa u vezi sa dobijanjem dr`avljanstva .................... 44 3.2. Obezbe|ivanje li~nih dokumenata ........................................................ 45 3.3. Pravo na adekvatan sme{taj .................................................................. 45 3.3.1. Stambeno zbrinjavanje izbegli~kih porodica ............................... 45 3.3.2. Kolektivni centri........................................................................... 47 3.4. Pravo na rad........................................................................................... 49 3.5. Socijalna prava ...................................................................................... 50 3.5.1. Pravo na obrazovanje ................................................................... 50 3.5.2. Pravo na zdravstvenu za{titu ........................................................ 51 3.5.3. Ostvarivanje penzionih prava....................................................... 52 3.5.4. Pravo na socijalnu i humanitarnu pomo}..................................... 53 3.6. Politi~ka prava i slobode, pravo na jednakost pred zakonom i nediskriminacija ................................................................................. 54 3.7. Izbeglice i lokalna zajednica ................................................................. 54 3.8. Ugro`ene grupe / Diskriminacija i nasilje prema `enama.................... 55 3.8.1. Ugro`enost starijih osoba ............................................................. 56 4. Zaklju~ci i preporuke........................................................................................... 57 4.1. Povratak izbeglica ................................................................................. 58 4.1.1. Pravo na imovinu.......................................................................... 58 4.1.2. Sigurnost i bezbednost, pravo na jednakost pred zakonom i nediskriminaciju ........................................................................ 59 4.2. Integracija izbeglica u SCG .................................................................. 59 4.2.1. Prava zasnovana na statusu izbeglica i raseljenih........................ 59 4.2.2. Dr`avljanstvo................................................................................ 60 4.2.3. Dokumenti .................................................................................... 60 4.2.4 Stambeno zbrinjavanje izbegli~kih porodica ................................ 60 4.2.5. Kolektivni centri........................................................................... 60 4.2.6. Pravo na rad.................................................................................. 61 4.3. Socijalna prava ...................................................................................... 61 4.3.1. Pravo na obrazovanje ................................................................... 61 4 4.3.2. Pravo na zdravstvenu za{titu ........................................................ 61 4.3.3. Ostvarivanje penzionih prava....................................................... 62 4.3.4. Pravo na socijalnu i humanitarnu pomo}..................................... 62 4.4. Politi~ka prava i slobode, pravo na jednakost pred zakonom i nediskriminacija .................................................................................. 62 4.5. Izbeglice i lokalna zajednica ................................................................. 62 4.6. Diskriminacija, SGBV i ugro`ene grupe .............................................. 63 II INTERNO RASELJENA LICA................................................................................ 65 1. Pravo na povratak i mogu}nosti reintegracije....................................................
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