American Honey D'andrea Arnorld

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American Honey D'andrea Arnorld Document generated on 10/05/2021 4:02 a.m. Spirale arts • lettres • sciences humaines American Honey d’Andrea Arnorld Alice Michaud-Lapointe Lectures et pratiques contemporaines du réel Number 259, Winter 2017 URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/85005ac See table of contents Publisher(s) Spirale magazine culturel inc. ISSN 0225-9044 (print) 1923-3213 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this review Michaud-Lapointe, A. (2017). Review of [American Honey d’Andrea Arnorld]. Spirale, (259), 43–45. Tous droits réservés © Spirale magazine culturel inc., 2017 This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research. https://www.erudit.org/en/ DOSSIER Les lucioles du Midwest PAR ALICE MICHAUD-LAPOINTE AMERICAN HONEY Réalisation d’Andrea Arnold, 2016, 163 min. We are the new Americana High on legal marijuana Raised on Biggie and Nirvana We are the new Americana Photo : Holly Horner, courtoisie de A24 Souvent qualifié dans les médias par les termes elles, empreintes d’une légèreté poétique, lumi- vagues et communs de « brut », « authentique », neuse, qui évacue toute possibilité de lecture « immersif » ou « sans concession », le travail de la misérabiliste par le spectateur et laisse poindre la Britannique Andrea Arnold s’inscrit dans une veine vision d’un nouveau réalisme social – naturalistic particulière de réalisme social cinématographique style,pourrait-on aussi dire – peut-être plus impur, qui a rapidement été considérée par maints plus irrévérencieux, mais aussi plus libéré dans sa critiques comme un héritage contemporain des forme et ses choix esthétiques. cinémas de Ken Loach, Alan Clarke et Mike Leigh. À l’instar de ces grands réalisateurs politiquement Sous certains angles, American Honey se situe au engagés qui dénoncent dans leurs films les con- confluent de plusieurs approches et traditions du ditions de travail de la classe ouvrière en Grande- cinéma indépendant américain. Le nouveau film Bretagne et se portent à la défense des oubliés d’Arnold rappelle Gummo, de Harmony Korine, du système (chômeurs ou travailleurs immigrés, pour la représentation des maisons délabrées du militants prolétaires ou sans-papiers, mères mono- Tennessee et la place laissée à l’improvisation parentales ou filles paumées, truands sympathiques d’acteurs non professionnels ; Badlands, de ou délinquants rêveurs), Andrea Arnold s’in té resse Terrence Malick, pour la manière délicate de à la manière dont des personnages vulnérables filmer les insectes et les soleils couchants ; Kids, et frondeurs, souvent féminins, réussissent à se de Larry Clark, pour la langue décomplexée et les libérer des réalités sociales qui les étouffent relations de pouvoir entre adolescents ; sans parler et les marginalisent. Or si un film de Loach des hommages discrets à des road movies célèbres ou de Leigh n’est jamais dénué d’une certaine tels Easy Rider, My Own Private Idaho et Almost pesanteur assumée, les œuvres d’Arnold restent, Famous (la scène où les personnages chantent en HIVER * 2017 43 DOSSIER chœur la chanson de Lady Antebellum qui don ne des fourmis sur le comptoir de la cuisine, un son titre au film fait subtilement écho à la prestation poulet avarié sur le sol, un père qui la harcèle, un de Tiny Dancer dans le film de Cameron Crowe). drapeau de guerre confédéré sur un mur. Il ne lui faudra que peu de temps pour décider de suivre le On remarque toutefois, à la lecture des entrevues charismatique Jake (Shia LaBeouf) – rencontré dans accordées par Arnold à la presse américaine, com- un stationnement de K-Mart, au son électrisant de bien la cinéaste résiste à l’idée qu’on lui attribue We Found Love in a Hopeless Place de Rihanna – des influences cinématographiques ou qu’on l’as- et sa bande de jeunes laissés-pour-compte (tous socie d’emblée aux représentants du réalisme des acteurs non professionnels) qui sillonnent social anglais. « When I’m making a film, I don’t le Midwest dans une fourgonnette blanche. want to watch other films. […] I find real life and Employés de la froide Krystal, qui dirige sa petite real people inspiring », avoue-t-elle sur le site entreprise d’une main de fer, les 12 adolescents nofilmschool.com, alors qu’elle déclarait déjà dans vendent des abonnements de magazines, font la le New York Times en 2010, après la sortie de Fish fête et parcourent les États-Unis. Tank – le film qui l’a révélée au grand public : « If I’d been thinking “I’m going to make a social realist La fourgonnette agit d’ailleurs à titre de micro- film”, then perhaps I wouldn’t have done things like cosme social et de mise en abyme des États-Unis, that and something would have been lost. » tant les jeunes proviennent des quatre coins du pays, de Baltimore à Bakersfield en passant par En contournant les catégorisations et en se mé- Tucson et Miami. Elle est synonyme d’espace fiant de la charge que contient le mot « réa lis me » commun sécuritaire, mais aussi de traversée de – et, cela, même si son art interroge indubi ta- ce mythique land of the free, nation de plusieurs blement les effets de réel qui pénètrent, illustrent nations, à la fois étourdissante et familière, dont et bouleversent des espaces sociaux très précis à la route alterne entre terres désolées, gisements l’écran –, Andrea Arnold invite son spectateur à de pétrole, structures de béton, stations d’essence, réfléchir aux « non-dits » du réel et à demeurer métropoles aux gratte-ciel gris. Or elle est éga le- attentif à ses hybridations inventives, à ses mons- ment vectrice d’espoir et d’insouciance : elle assure trations spontanées et à la faculté qu’a le cinéma la continuation éternelle des jours de voyage, de ce de s’effacer derrière la vie elle-même, lorsqu’elle temps arrêté qui ne peut fonctionner que par un surgit au milieu d’un tournage. « People say movie… culte du moment présent et qui, au final, offre un it was life for three months ! » s’écrit Sasha Lane, semblant d’encadrement et de repère à ces enfants- l’actrice principale d’American Honey, au cours adultes qui ont fui leurs vies chaotiques. Lorsque d’une émission de radio enregistrée au festival Star défie les règles de l’organisation de Krystal et TIFF, à Toronto. Le type de cinéma réaliste que manque à deux reprises le « ramassage » de fin crée Arnold en est ainsi un qui veille à retrouver de journée qui précède le retour au motel, on sent ce que le cinéma du réalisme social « perd », à ses la manière dont elle s’expose aux dangers d’une yeux, par son côté programmatique, sa volonté Amérique immense et intraitable, aux fron tières de conscientisation publique et son goût pour définies, qui pourrait bien la faire disparaître si sa un matériau filmique sobre et sans artifices : un bonne étoile éponyme ne la protégeait pas si bien. cinéma de l’instinct, de l’aventure hasardeuse, de la vitalité créatrice, qui se construit et s’actualise Le succès, de porte à porte à coup de décisions imprévues, de ratages, d’épi- phanies et d’instants de grâce captés par une L’entreprise illicite que Krystal gère avec grand exploration sensorielle et tenace de microcosmes. sérieux est par ailleurs à l’image des systèmes d’exploitation capitalistes les mieux huilés, pour La fourgonnette blanche de la liberté lesquels tous les moyens sont bons pour profiter des citoyens et de leurs idiosyncrasies, qu’ils soient Ces univers sociaux complexes, Arnold les analyse baptistes, évangélistes ou païens, cowboys ou mé- à mesure qu’elle les filme avec une caméra à na gères, foreurs pétroliers ou fumeurs de crack. l’épaule, et cela se révèle particulièrement notable Alors que Jake demande à Star s’il trouve que ses dans American Honey, son premier film tourné aux pantalons font « Donald Trump » (probablement États-Unis, qui lui a valu, à nouveau, le Prix du jury l’une des meilleures réparties improvisées de au dernier Festival de Cannes. Dans ce quatrième LaBeouf !), Krystal apprend à son équipe à adapter long métrage de la réalisatrice, on rencontre Star ses pitchs de vente à chaque classe sociale, (Sasha Lane, découverte par Arnold sur une plage puisqu’il y a toujours une bonne raison d’acheter : de Panama City lors d’un spring break), qui fait du les plus démunis achèteront les magazines par dumpster diving pour subvenir aux besoins de sentiment de connivence, les plus riches par pitié, ses demi-frères et sœurs. En quelques minutes, les croyants pour accomplir leur devoir chrétien. l’univers rural et white trash de l’Oklahoma dans Arnold utilise d’ailleurs la musique trap et hip-hop lequel elle est forcée d’évoluer nous est livré : à bon escient dans son film ; celle-ci, provenant 44 HIVER * 2017 DOSSIER la plupart du temps de l’histoire elle-même, est étourdissante des paysages au second plan ou répétée dans les haut-parleurs de la fourgonnette. au hors-champ. Les « cadres » en mouvement Les personnages semblent galvanisés par les d’Andrea Arnold – mis en valeur par le sensible paroles des rappeurs E-40 (« I choose to get money, travail de direction photographique de Robbie I’m stuck to this bread ») ou Carnage (« I like to get Ryan – deviennent ainsi tantôt fenêtres sur cour, money, get turnt »), qui deviennent des axiomes tantôt lorgnettes interdites, portraits intimes et pour ces jeunes, la recherche du profit et l’appât du envoûtants qui se révèlent ou se défilent, selon la gain en ressortant tels des desseins fétichisés.
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