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The Planisphere of the Heavens
The Planisphere of the Heavens by Steven E. Behrmann Book V Copyright© by Steven E. Behrmann All rights reserved 2010 First Draft (Sunnyside Edition) Dedication: This book is dedicated to my blessed little son, Jonathan William Edward, to whom I hope to teach the names of the stars. Table of Contents A Planisphere of the Heavens .......................................................... 12 The Signs of the Seasons ................................................................. 15 The Virgin (Virgo) ........................................................................... 24 Virgo ............................................................................................ 25 Coma ............................................................................................ 27 The Centaur .................................................................................. 29 Boötes ........................................................................................... 31 The Scales (Libra) ............................................................................ 34 Libra ............................................................................................. 35 The Cross (Crux) .......................................................................... 37 The Victim ................................................................................... 39 The Crown .................................................................................... 41 The Scorpion ................................................................................... -
Homogeneous Spectroscopic Parameters for Bright Planet Host Stars from the Northern Hemisphere the Impact on Stellar and Planetary Mass (Research Note)
A&A 576, A94 (2015) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201425227 & c ESO 2015 Astrophysics Homogeneous spectroscopic parameters for bright planet host stars from the northern hemisphere The impact on stellar and planetary mass (Research Note) S. G. Sousa1,2,N.C.Santos1,2, A. Mortier1,3,M.Tsantaki1,2, V. Adibekyan1, E. Delgado Mena1,G.Israelian4,5, B. Rojas-Ayala1,andV.Neves6 1 Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal e-mail: [email protected] 2 Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal 3 SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK 4 Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain 5 Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidade de La Laguna, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain 6 Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil Received 27 October 2014 / Accepted 19 February 2015 ABSTRACT Aims. In this work we derive new precise and homogeneous parameters for 37 stars with planets. For this purpose, we analyze high resolution spectra obtained by the NARVAL spectrograph for a sample composed of bright planet host stars in the northern hemisphere. The new parameters are included in the SWEET-Cat online catalogue. Methods. To ensure that the catalogue is homogeneous, we use our standard spectroscopic analysis procedure, ARES+MOOG, to derive effective temperatures, surface gravities, and metallicities. These spectroscopic stellar parameters are then used as input to compute the stellar mass and radius, which are fundamental for the derivation of the planetary mass and radius. -
Okayama and Subaru Planet Search Programs
Okayama and Subaru Planet Search Programs Bun’ei Sato Tokyo Institute of Technology Oct. 7‐9 2009 Searching for Planets around Evolved Intermediate‐Mass Stars Understanding properties of planets as a function of stellar mass, evolutionary stage, etc. (c) Okayama Astrophysical Observatory Why Giants? Distribution of planet‐hosting stars GK giants A4 V BA dwarfs G9 III 0 planets ~30 planets FGK dwarfs ~290 planets M dwarfs ~10 planets Sun East‐Asian Planet Search Network (EAPSNET) Okayama 1.88m tel., Japan 300 GK giants (V<6), since 2001 10 planets and 1 brown dwarf Xinglong 2.16m tel., China & Okayama 100 GK giants (V~6), since 2005 (1 planet and 1 brown dwarf) Bohyunsan 1.8m tel., Korea & Okayama 140 GK giants (V<6.5), since 2005 1 brown dwarf Subaru 8.2m tel., Japan & EAPSNET >200 GK giants (6.5<V<7), since 2006 Several candidates Goal: TUBITAK 1.5m tel., Turkey ~100 planets 50 GK giants (V~6.5), since 2008 from 1000 stars RV Precision with OAO/HIDES 2001~2002 2003~2005 2006~2008 σRV~4m/s Short-term (~weeks) precision is 2m/s (Kambe et al. 2008) Discoveries from EAPSNET Star Name Sp. Type Stellar Stellar Planetary Semi‐ Eccen Metallicity Mass Radius Mass major tricity ([Fe/H]) (M~) (R~) (MJUP) Axis (AU) (dex) HD 119445 G6III 3.9 20.5 37.6 1.71 0.08 +0.04 ε Tau K0 III 2.7 13.7 7.6 1.93 0.15 +0.13 11 Com G8 III 2.7 19 19.4 1.29 0.23 -0.28 81 Cet G5 III 2.4 11 5.3 2.5 0.21 +0.06 18 Del G6 III 2.3 8.5 10.3 2.6 0.08 -0.05 HD 104985 G9 III 2.3 11 8.3 0.95 0.09 -0.35 ξ Aql K0 III 2.2 12 2.8 0.68 0 -0.18 14 And K0 III 2.2 11 4.8 0.83 0 -0.24 HD 81688 K0 III‐IV 2.1 13 2.7 0.81 0 -0.34 HD 173416 G8 III 2.0 13.5 2.7 1.2 0.21 -0.22 6 Lyn K0 IV 1.7 5.2 2.4 2.2 0.13 -0.13 HD 167042 K1 IV 1.5 4.5 1.6 1.3 0.10 +0.00 To be Submitted OAO OAO OAO All of these are subgiants with 1.5-1.7M~ and [Fe/H]=0.0-0.1 Planet Frequency vs. -
Naming the Extrasolar Planets
Naming the extrasolar planets W. Lyra Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, K¨onigstuhl 17, 69177, Heidelberg, Germany [email protected] Abstract and OGLE-TR-182 b, which does not help educators convey the message that these planets are quite similar to Jupiter. Extrasolar planets are not named and are referred to only In stark contrast, the sentence“planet Apollo is a gas giant by their assigned scientific designation. The reason given like Jupiter” is heavily - yet invisibly - coated with Coper- by the IAU to not name the planets is that it is consid- nicanism. ered impractical as planets are expected to be common. I One reason given by the IAU for not considering naming advance some reasons as to why this logic is flawed, and sug- the extrasolar planets is that it is a task deemed impractical. gest names for the 403 extrasolar planet candidates known One source is quoted as having said “if planets are found to as of Oct 2009. The names follow a scheme of association occur very frequently in the Universe, a system of individual with the constellation that the host star pertains to, and names for planets might well rapidly be found equally im- therefore are mostly drawn from Roman-Greek mythology. practicable as it is for stars, as planet discoveries progress.” Other mythologies may also be used given that a suitable 1. This leads to a second argument. It is indeed impractical association is established. to name all stars. But some stars are named nonetheless. In fact, all other classes of astronomical bodies are named. -
A Search for Planets Around Intermediate Mass Stars with the Hobby–Eberly Telescope
EPJ Web of Conferences 16, 02005 (2011) DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20111602005 C Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2011 A search for planets around intermediate Mass Stars with the Hobby–Eberly Telescope M. Adamów1,a, S. Gettel2,3, G. Nowak1,P. Zielinski´ 1, A. Niedzielski1 and A. Wolszczan2,3 1Torun´ Centre for Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun,´ Poland 2Department for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University 3Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds Abstract. We present the discovery of sub-stellar mass companions to three stars by the ongoing Penn State – Torun´ Planet Search (PTPS) conducted with the 9.2 m Hobby-Eberly Telescope. 1. INTRODUCTION Searches for planets around giant stars extend studies of planetary system formation and evolution to stars substantially more massive than 1 M (Hatzes et al. 2006; Sato et al. 2008; Niedzielski et al. 2009). Although searches for massive sub-stellar companions to early-type stars are possible (Galland 2005), it is much more efficient to utilize the power of the radial velocity (RV) method by exploiting the many narrow spectral lines of GK-giants, the descendants of the main sequence A-F type stars, sufficient to achieve a < 10 ms−1 RV measurement precision. The GK-giant surveys provide constraints on the efficiency of planet formation as a function of stellar mass and chemical composition. In fact, analyses by Johnson et al. (2007) and Lovis & Mayor (2007) extend to giants the correlation between planetary masses and primary mass that is observed for the lower-mass stars. This is most likely because massive stars tend to have more massive disks. -
Today in Astronomy 106: Exoplanets
Today in Astronomy 106: exoplanets The successful search for extrasolar planets Prospects for determining the fraction of stars with planets, and the number of habitable planets per planetary system (fp and ne). T. Pyle, SSC/JPL/Caltech/NASA. 26 May 2011 Astronomy 106, Summer 2011 1 Observing exoplanets Stars are vastly brighter and more massive than planets, and most stars are far enough away that the planets are lost in the glare. So astronomers have had to be more clever and employ the motion of the orbiting planet. The methods they use (exoplanets detected thereby): Astrometry (0): tiny wobble in star’s motion across the sky. Radial velocity (399): tiny wobble in star’s motion along the line of sight by Doppler shift. Timing (9): tiny delay or advance in arrival of pulses from regularly-pulsating stars. Gravitational microlensing (10): brightening of very distant star as it passes behind a planet. 26 May 2011 Astronomy 106, Summer 2011 2 Observing exoplanets (continued) Transits (69): periodic eclipsing of star by planet, or vice versa. Very small effect, about like that of a bug flying in front of the headlight of a car 10 miles away. Imaging (11 but 6 are most likely to be faint stars): taking a picture of the planet, usually by blotting out the star. Of these by far the most useful so far has been the combination of radial-velocity and transit detection. Astrometry and gravitational microlensing of sufficient precision to detect lots of planets would need dedicated, specialized observatories in space. Imaging lots of planets will require 30-meter-diameter telescopes for visible and infrared wavelengths. -
Exoplanet.Eu Catalog Page 1 # Name Mass Star Name
exoplanet.eu_catalog # name mass star_name star_distance star_mass OGLE-2016-BLG-1469L b 13.6 OGLE-2016-BLG-1469L 4500.0 0.048 11 Com b 19.4 11 Com 110.6 2.7 11 Oph b 21 11 Oph 145.0 0.0162 11 UMi b 10.5 11 UMi 119.5 1.8 14 And b 5.33 14 And 76.4 2.2 14 Her b 4.64 14 Her 18.1 0.9 16 Cyg B b 1.68 16 Cyg B 21.4 1.01 18 Del b 10.3 18 Del 73.1 2.3 1RXS 1609 b 14 1RXS1609 145.0 0.73 1SWASP J1407 b 20 1SWASP J1407 133.0 0.9 24 Sex b 1.99 24 Sex 74.8 1.54 24 Sex c 0.86 24 Sex 74.8 1.54 2M 0103-55 (AB) b 13 2M 0103-55 (AB) 47.2 0.4 2M 0122-24 b 20 2M 0122-24 36.0 0.4 2M 0219-39 b 13.9 2M 0219-39 39.4 0.11 2M 0441+23 b 7.5 2M 0441+23 140.0 0.02 2M 0746+20 b 30 2M 0746+20 12.2 0.12 2M 1207-39 24 2M 1207-39 52.4 0.025 2M 1207-39 b 4 2M 1207-39 52.4 0.025 2M 1938+46 b 1.9 2M 1938+46 0.6 2M 2140+16 b 20 2M 2140+16 25.0 0.08 2M 2206-20 b 30 2M 2206-20 26.7 0.13 2M 2236+4751 b 12.5 2M 2236+4751 63.0 0.6 2M J2126-81 b 13.3 TYC 9486-927-1 24.8 0.4 2MASS J11193254 AB 3.7 2MASS J11193254 AB 2MASS J1450-7841 A 40 2MASS J1450-7841 A 75.0 0.04 2MASS J1450-7841 B 40 2MASS J1450-7841 B 75.0 0.04 2MASS J2250+2325 b 30 2MASS J2250+2325 41.5 30 Ari B b 9.88 30 Ari B 39.4 1.22 38 Vir b 4.51 38 Vir 1.18 4 Uma b 7.1 4 Uma 78.5 1.234 42 Dra b 3.88 42 Dra 97.3 0.98 47 Uma b 2.53 47 Uma 14.0 1.03 47 Uma c 0.54 47 Uma 14.0 1.03 47 Uma d 1.64 47 Uma 14.0 1.03 51 Eri b 9.1 51 Eri 29.4 1.75 51 Peg b 0.47 51 Peg 14.7 1.11 55 Cnc b 0.84 55 Cnc 12.3 0.905 55 Cnc c 0.1784 55 Cnc 12.3 0.905 55 Cnc d 3.86 55 Cnc 12.3 0.905 55 Cnc e 0.02547 55 Cnc 12.3 0.905 55 Cnc f 0.1479 55 -
RV Metric New Monday
A Science Metric for Direct Characterization of Known Radial-Velocity Exoplanets Robert A. Brown Space Telescope Science Institute [email protected] June 17, 2013 Abstract Known RV exoplanets are viewed as prime targets for a future high-contrast imaging mission, which may be able to detect and characterize these enigmatic objects in reflected starlight. To help define and differentiate the candidates for such a mission on the basis of scientific performance, and to help set realistic expectations, we develop a science metric, NRV, defined as the estimated number of planets that would be detected and characterized by such a mission. In this report, we estimate upper limits to NRV for missions with apertures in the range 1–2.4 m. We treat both star-shade and coronagraphic missions. 1. Introduction We define the science metric NRV to be the number of known RV exoplanets that satisfy four criteria: #1 permitted pointing: during observations, the angle between the host star and the sun (γ ) must be greater than the solar avoidance angle, γ > γ 1 and, for a star- shade mission, it must also be less than the angle at which the star shade appears illuminated, γ < γ 2 #2 systematic limit: the flux ratio of the planet to the host star, expressed in delta magnitudes ( Δmag ), must be better than the systematic limit in delta magnitudes ( Δmag0 ), i.e. Δmag < Δmag0 #3 wavelength: criteria #1–2 must be satisfied at all wavelengths deemed critical for planet detection and characterization, and particularly for the coronagraph, at the longest critical wavelength (λlc) #4 time: criteria #1–3 must be satisfied at some time during the mission for at least as long as the exposure time required for detection or characterization of a planet as faint as the systematic limit. -
The Study of Astronomical Transients in the Infrared
The Study of Astronomical Transients in the Infrared by Robert Strausbaugh A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Approved May 2019 by the Graduate Supervisory Committee: Nathaniel Butler, Chair Rolf Jansen Phillip Mauskopf Rogier Windhorst ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY August 2019 ©2019 Robert Strausbaugh All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Several key, open questions in astrophysics can be tackled by searching for and mining large datasets for transient phenomena. The evolution of massive stars and compact objects can be studied over cosmic time by identifying supernovae (SNe) and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in other galaxies and determining their redshifts. Modeling GRBs and their afterglows to probe the jets of GRBs can shed light on the emission mechanism, rate, and energetics of these events. In Chapter 1, I discuss the current state of astronomical transient study, including sources of interest, instrumentation, and data reduction techniques, with a focus on work in the infrared. In Chapter 2, I present original work published in the Proceedings of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, testing InGaAs infrared detectors for astronomical use (Strausbaugh, Jackson, and Butler 2018); highlights of this work include observing the exoplanet transit of HD189773B, and detecting the nearby supernova SN2016adj with an InGaAs detector mounted on a small telescope at ASU. In Chapter 3, I discuss my work on GRB jets published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters, highlighting the interesting case of GRB 160625B (Strausbaugh et al. 2019), where I interpret a late-time bump in the GRB afterglow lightcurve as evidence for a bright-edged jet. -
IAU Division C Working Group on Star Names 2019 Annual Report
IAU Division C Working Group on Star Names 2019 Annual Report Eric Mamajek (chair, USA) WG Members: Juan Antonio Belmote Avilés (Spain), Sze-leung Cheung (Thailand), Beatriz García (Argentina), Steven Gullberg (USA), Duane Hamacher (Australia), Susanne M. Hoffmann (Germany), Alejandro López (Argentina), Javier Mejuto (Honduras), Thierry Montmerle (France), Jay Pasachoff (USA), Ian Ridpath (UK), Clive Ruggles (UK), B.S. Shylaja (India), Robert van Gent (Netherlands), Hitoshi Yamaoka (Japan) WG Associates: Danielle Adams (USA), Yunli Shi (China), Doris Vickers (Austria) WGSN Website: https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/ WGSN Email: [email protected] The Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) consists of an international group of astronomers with expertise in stellar astronomy, astronomical history, and cultural astronomy who research and catalog proper names for stars for use by the international astronomical community, and also to aid the recognition and preservation of intangible astronomical heritage. The Terms of Reference and membership for WG Star Names (WGSN) are provided at the IAU website: https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/. WGSN was re-proposed to Division C and was approved in April 2019 as a functional WG whose scope extends beyond the normal 3-year cycle of IAU working groups. The WGSN was specifically called out on p. 22 of IAU Strategic Plan 2020-2030: “The IAU serves as the internationally recognised authority for assigning designations to celestial bodies and their surface features. To do so, the IAU has a number of Working Groups on various topics, most notably on the nomenclature of small bodies in the Solar System and planetary systems under Division F and on Star Names under Division C.” WGSN continues its long term activity of researching cultural astronomy literature for star names, and researching etymologies with the goal of adding this information to the WGSN’s online materials. -
Mètodes De Detecció I Anàlisi D'exoplanetes
MÈTODES DE DETECCIÓ I ANÀLISI D’EXOPLANETES Rubén Soussé Villa 2n de Batxillerat Tutora: Dolors Romero IES XXV Olimpíada 13/1/2011 Mètodes de detecció i anàlisi d’exoplanetes . Índex - Introducció ............................................................................................. 5 [ Marc Teòric ] 1. L’Univers ............................................................................................... 6 1.1 Les estrelles .................................................................................. 6 1.1.1 Vida de les estrelles .............................................................. 7 1.1.2 Classes espectrals .................................................................9 1.1.3 Magnitud ........................................................................... 9 1.2 Sistemes planetaris: El Sistema Solar .............................................. 10 1.2.1 Formació ......................................................................... 11 1.2.2 Planetes .......................................................................... 13 2. Planetes extrasolars ............................................................................ 19 2.1 Denominació .............................................................................. 19 2.2 Història dels exoplanetes .............................................................. 20 2.3 Mètodes per detectar-los i saber-ne les característiques ..................... 26 2.3.1 Oscil·lació Doppler ........................................................... 27 2.3.2 Trànsits -
Gliese 49: Activity Evolution and Detection of a Super-Earth? a HADES and CARMENES Collaboration
Astronomy & Astrophysics manuscript no. Gl49b ©ESO 2020 December 4, 2020 Gliese 49: Activity evolution and detection of a super-Earth? A HADES and CARMENES collaboration M. Perger1; 2, G. Scandariato3, I. Ribas1; 2, J. C. Morales1; 2, L. Affer4, M. Azzaro5, P. J. Amado6, G. Anglada-Escudé6; 7, D. Baroch1; 2, D. Barrado8, F. F. Bauer6, V. J. S. Béjar9; 10, J. A. Caballero8, M. Cortés-Contreras8, M. Damasso11, S. Dreizler12, L. González-Cuesta9; 10, J. I. González Hernández9; 10, E. W. Guenther13, T. Henning14, E. Herrero1; 2, S.V. Jeffers12, A. Kaminski15, M. Kürster14, M. Lafarga1; 2, G. Leto3, M. J. López-González6, J. Maldonado4, G. Micela4, D. Montes16, M. Pinamonti11, A. Quirrenbach15, R. Rebolo9; 10; 17, A. Reiners12, E. Rodríguez6, C. Rodríguez-López6, J. H. M. M. Schmitt18, A. Sozzetti11, A. Suárez Mascareño9; 19, B. Toledo-Padrón9; 10, R. Zanmar Sánchez3, M. R. Zapatero Osorio20, and M. Zechmeister12 (Affiliations can be found after the references) Accepted: 11 March 2019 ABSTRACT Context. Small planets around low-mass stars often show orbital periods in a range that corresponds to the temperate zones of their host stars which are therefore of prime interest for planet searches. Surface phenomena such as spots and faculae create periodic signals in radial velocities and in observational activity tracers in the same range, so they can mimic or hide true planetary signals. Aims. We aim to detect Doppler signals corresponding to planetary companions, determine their most probable orbital configurations, and understand the stellar activity and its impact on different datasets. Methods. We analyzed 22 years of data of the M1.5 V-type star Gl 49 (BD+61 195) including HARPS-N and CARMENES spec- trographs, complemented by APT2 and SNO photometry.