Alma, Colorado Comprehensive Plan 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TABLE of CONTENTS

Alma, Colorado Comprehensive Plan 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS

This Comprehensive Plan update has been prepared through a collaborative effort CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE between the Town of Alma and the Pikes Peak Area Council of Governments. Purpose of Plan...... 5 This document updates Alma’s first official Comprehensive Plan, created in 1999, and supplements appropriate ordinances enacted by the Town’s Board of Trustees. Reason for Updating Comprehensive Plan...... 5 Legal Basis...... 5 Special thanks to: History of Alma ...... 7 Colorado Department of Local Affairs PPACG Project Team Historic Resources...... 8 Robert MacDonald, Executive Director Community Resources...... 8 Park County Town Services...... 8 Craig Casper, Project Manager Town Budget...... 10 Town of Alma Rachel Beck, Public Outreach Manager Physical Assets...... 11 Zach Robertson, Police Chief Erica Hunter, Graphic Designer Regional Services...... 11 Tim Zingler, Public Works Director Jennifer Valentine, Planner CHAPTER 2: VISION, GOALS AND OBJECTIVES...... 13 Cindy Cole, Court Clerk Kevin Rayes, Planner Community Character, Design, and Identity...... 13 Nancy Comer, Town Administrator Scott Philips, Planner Economy and Economic Development...... 14 Jara Johnson, Citizen Land Use and Planning, Housing, Growth Management, and Zoning ...... 16 John Hanson, GIS Planner Environment...... 17 Alma Board of Trustees Recreation (Parks, Open Space, and Trails)...... 20 Gary Goettelman, Mayor Transportation...... 22 Saam Golgoon, Mayor Pro-Tem Intergovernmental Coordination, Community Services, and Infrastructure...... 23 Goals Accomplished Since 1999 Comprehensive Plan...... 23 Melena Kassel Minette Doss CHAPTER 3: COMMUNITY PROFILE...... 24 Projected Growth to 2050...... 24 Andrew Zimmerman Gender Distribution...... 25 Robert Ensign Racial Distribution...... 25 Pete King Households and Families...... 25 Income and Employment Characteristics...... 26 Workforce Characteristics...... 26 Housing...... 27 Existing Land Use...... 30 CHAPTER 4: FUTURE LAND USE...... 32 Eligible Land Uses...... 36 August 2016 Form-based Zoning...... 37

Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 3 Build-Out Scenarios...... 38 Planning Influence Area (Three-Mile Plan)...... 39 CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND & PURPOSE Annexations...... 39 Local Economy and Economic Development...... 42 Goals and Implementation Strategies...... 43 lma is a Statutory Town in northwest Park or regulations. Proposed regulatory provisions or revisions Intergovernmental Coordination, Community Services, and Infrastructure...... 46 County, Colorado. The town is located at the should be reviewed for compatibility. junction of Buckskin Creek and the Middle Reason for Updating Comprehensive Plan CHAPTER 5: ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES AND CONSIDERATIONS...... 48 Fork of the South Platte River in a narrow valley that rises Geography ...... 48 abruptly to alpine peaks on both sides; the town has a total The Town of Alma elected to update its Comprehensive land area of 0.362 square miles. Plan to develop the Town’s vision, guide future growth, Climate ...... 48 and manage change that has impacted nearby areas in the The 274-person town is accessed by State Highway 9 and is Soils and Mining ...... 48 past decade. Comprehensive plans are living documents approximately 6 miles northwest of Fairplay and 26 miles that should be updated every five to ten years to respond Flora and Fauna ...... 48 south of Interstate 70 at Frisco. In the summertime, it is to changes in the community. The Alma Comprehensive Floodplains, Wetlands, and Watersheds...... 52 possible to drive the 17-mile direct route to Leadville in ap- Plan has not been updated in 17 years, though conditions proximately one hour; in the wintertime the road is closed, Slopes...... 55 in Alma, as well as in the region, have changed. Wildfire Risk and Mitigation...... 55 and it is a 57-mile drive through Frisco. The state capital in Denver is a 90-mile, 2-hour drive (see Figure 1-1). The comprehensive planning process provides the commu- Environmental Quality and Sustainability ...... 55 nity an opportunity to discuss At over two miles high (eleva- its future and update the com- CHAPTER 6: PARKS AND RECREATION...... 68 tion 10,578 feet above sea lev- A comprehensive plan guides munity’s vision for the Town. el), Alma is recognized as the Existing Recreational Opportunities...... 68 local officials and private citizens in Implementation strategies are highest incorporated commu- Hiking, Fishing and Camping...... 70 then developed. nity in the United States. The making decisions on new development, Desired Parks and Facilities...... 71 Town has a long and enduring historic preservation and core This plan includes: Accessing Public Lands...... 73 tradition as a small, close-knit infrastructure such as water, wastewater, • Current conditions, Resource Protection...... 74 community with a high quality transportation, recreation, including population, of life. The vision for this plan Recreation Goals and public facilities and services. housing, environmental is to ensure that the Town’s Implementation Strategies...... 75 features, transportation, unique mountain culture is and land use CHAPTER 7: TRANSPORTATION...... 78 preserved and sustained for future generations. This plan • Current trends and forecast future trends that will be discusses issues identified by Alma’s residents as important Annual Average Daily Traffic Count...... 78 influenced by regional, social, economic, and physical to maintaining and improving their Town. development Level of Service & Congestion ...... 78 Purpose of Plan Public Transit and • Recommended actions and policies that reflect the goals of the community Transportation Alternatives...... 78 The Alma Comprehensive Plan update will help residents enhance the Town’s livability, manage growth, and honor its Transportation Goals and Legal Basis heritage as it faces changes in the future. A comprehensive Towns, cities, and counties in Colorado are authorized to Implementation Strategies...... 80 plan is an advisory document developed to provide general prepare comprehensive plans as a “long-range guidance policy direction. The plan should include enough detail for RESOURCES...... 81 document” to help residents achieve their vision for the local officials and private citizens to set priorities and guide future. As a “Statutory Town,” the Town of Alma has the APPENDIX I: PUBLIC COMMENTS...... 82 decision-making on new development, historic preservation, authority to develop a Comprehensive Plan for its incor- and core infrastructure such as water, wastewater, transporta- porated area, as described in Sections 31-23-206 through tion, recreation, and public facilities and services. 31-23-209 of the Colorado Revised Statutes. These regu- This Comprehensive Plan update is not a regulatory doc- lations discuss aspects of the development, modification, ument, nor does it change or modify existing town codes and approval procedure for comprehensive plans. Colo-

4 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 5 Chapter 1: Background & Purpose Chapter 1: Background & Purpose

rado Revised Statute §31-23-206 allows for adoption of a The town of Buckskin Joe grew to more than a thousand K C I S R W S E G A P D I W

A Comprehensive Plan: inhabitants within a year. In 1861, the town was made the M L O L S E I Y U E P R B A C N P H N N S O county seat of Park County, in the newly-formed Territory A R I y E Y

C “It is the duty of the Commission to make and adopt a

I ³ H T C K I master plan for the physical development of the munici- of Colorado. The post-gold exodus was just as quick as the A

W settlement, and by 1863, the town was deserted and the N O O

K I pality, including any areas outside its boundaries, subject T G I £ N I T county seat was transferred to Fairplay. H A S B E N to the approval of the governmental body having juris- W diction thereof, which in the Commission’s judgment The Town of Alma was established in 1865 as a support A N G W X Y Z s O N L L W X Y Z Õ

O bear relation to the planning of such municipality.” center for the mining districts located in the mountains C N I L west of town. This small community rapidly became the O

R A comprehensive plan is also the framework for other regu- E T e O

W X Y Z þ regional center of commerce. On December 2, 1873, the g N

A latory tools, such as zoning, subdivision regulations, annex- E Y d G L i R r W O

O Town of Alma was incorporated into Park County, and the M n R

C ations, and other policies. A comprehensive plan contains A S e M I k first official town meeting was held two days later. A N c S S

M the community’s vision, goals, actions, and policies. It A T e L A r E A D O B E R B H E L A establishes the process for development and addresses According to the 1912 Geology and Ore Deposit of the P A D A R O E L A S O P W B L

E current and long-term needs. When done well, there is a Alma District report, in 1882, the Alma Placer Mining E L P U I u ! " a $ W X Y Z q

! " b $ balance between the natural and built environments (see Company owned 640 acres of alluvial ground adjacent to W X Y Z Ñ ! " ` $

l C.R.S. 30-28-106 and 31-23-206). and east of the town of Alma. During the summer of 1882, o e t t i W X Y Z s a p ! " ` $ a O W X Y Z ¢ S t 22 men were “steadily employed N C A A S F Elements addressed in a compre- L ! " ` $ R _ G E R ^ U U V E at hydraulicking pits” with an H O E N D W X Y Z û

D hensive plan can include: E R N L A S O E R E L average gravel depth of 60 feet. L T L S T I E R E R F U D S T F e I ² C L ¾ g K E O R U r • Recreation J C W X Y Z ý o E k e y l It is believed that this mine has y l e a B O e M e f I l L G f i n y a R u r a o r t A B E K T G a e L l T E N g R N O . I u

n been operating continuously ever i C M P I

O • Tourism S L E R I C t

R n l G S A n F E A K a s o s e O L r t W X Y Z Ð r R W X Y Z Õ r C e I y since. G f a A f A M I £ P H J e A L o

r • Transportation ! " a $ a y T a G I l o p e M r I ¢ i m g M a

o Mining, the chief support for d i F r C S U n

I ² • Land use c k e e S a r E

I ² Alma’s businesses, remained the O B m E l J D F A E N A F A N O H E R W X Y Z n C C H G E • Economic development principal activity in the region I u W X Y Z Ð C D W X Y Z º A U A N N R O K E G

until about 1939. To support S A G A Fourth of July in Alma, 1887 K S O L I C

R • Affordable housing A J

W X Y Z ¡ the hydraulic and dredging E L • Environment operations of the Snowstorm Placer Dredge, an elabo- E A G W X Y Z ½ A L N rate ditch system was built on the Platte River, extending E R • Parks and open space S O T I N I T N W X Y Z f M U N O U A R

G from Montgomery to approximately three miles north of N E T L K I U T

H • Historic and cultural preservation P I C W X Y Z É E Fairplay. Vestiges of this hydraulic mining can be seen in L A R A S D N I W X Y Z ¾ • Capital improvements tailings located on the east side of the Platte River. Other H mines, including the Paris Mill, were established upstream A N A U T • Efficiency in government J A

W X Y Z Ô P L S A N

A on Buckskin Gulch. Downstream from Alma in Mosquito L Y A A T • Sustainability R È K E L

U Gulch, other mines were settled, including the London D O I ¢ I £ D Mine and Park City, which resulted in the construction of L

E • Energy I O F C R A T A N G A the famous Mosquito Pass Road to Leadville. F S E B L F

O O O I R

M • Urban design T R N O M E L ¾ K During the prosperous time of 1870 to 1939, it is believed E S U R G I O L M

History of Alma O

D that Alma’s population reached approximately 2,000. The S A N A

M In 1860, “Buckskin” Joseph Higginbottom found gold in Town supported four hotels, three grocery stores, three U E Z S A T E N M O one of the gulches immediately west of present-day Alma. saloons, two churches, two assay offices, a mill for silver M ! " a $

Figure 1-1. Location map A rush followed this discovery, and in 1861, the townsite and gold, a bank, a theater, a drug store, a doctor, a garage, of Buckskin Joe was laid out, complete with a post office. a barber shop, and other commercial establishments. Pop- 6 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 7 Chapter 1: Background & Purpose Chapter 1: Background & Purpose Mount Cameron

Q ulations of nearby towns that have since vanished and now structures within or near the Historic District may be Figure 1-2. Three-mile buffer uartz ville C fall within Alma’s three-mile planning influence area were: eligible for historic recognition. Most of Alma’s permanent reek residents have lived in the area for many years and are sen- Mount Bross

• Buckskin, ~1,000 people St

a sitive to its history. Pike Natonal t e

Forest W

i • Quartzville, ~1,000 people l Kite Lake C.G. d WXYZÐ l i f Community Resources M e o ose Are Creek • Park City, ~800 people D a o

lly M

As shown in Figure 1-2, most of the Town’s community i

V Bristle Cone Pine P

a d

rd a

Scenic Area l

e t

• Dudley, ~200 people n e

facilities are located within the Alma Historic District: o

u R

l r i

c k

h v

r o

Most of the mines in Alma were abandoned between 1907 u t Pike Natonal

• Alma Playground and Park h Mineral Forest and 1937. In 1936 or 1937, the railroad to Alma Junction Park Lakes was closed and the station was removed. As a result, sup- • Post office plies were limited and difficult to obtain, and mining opera- • Town hall Bu

c k

s e tions were restricted to extraction for the war effort. De- B k in • Library a

C v

re S e spite the fact that almost all a r e w

k m C e The Stone Church ill C r • Community Room re e of Alma’s fortunes originally ek k came from mining activities • Stone Church in the area, the Town never became a ghost town. • Police Department

The church has been restored Beaver Pike Natonal Town Today, Alma provides many of Creek C.G. Forest Alma ek and converted into a communi- er Cre opportunities for recreation, Coop including hiking, fishing, ty center. camping, and four-wheeling. Town Services The Town provides a social The Town of Alma is governed Mosquito Creek center for residents and, as by a seven-member Board of shown in Figure 1-1, access Trustees, including a mayor. to several popular ski resorts, Bald Hill Board members serve four- including Breckenridge, Pe year terms and are elected nns ylva nia which is 17 miles away. Cre at-large by registered voters. ek Historic Resources The Town’s Board also serves as WXYZÐ The Town of Alma has retained a sense of an old western the Board of Utilities, Board of Adjustments, and Planning mining town. However, because of modern development Commission. The Town has a full-time public works/ utilities manager, town clerk/treasurer/court clerk, and Sa cra tendencies, this legacy could be lost if no action is taken m en to two full-time police officers. Alma’s town hall is located C to preserve it. Alma is the second oldest remaining incor- re ek Thre fer porated town in Park County and possesses numerous on Buckskin Street in the center of the business district. e Mil e Buf historic resources. The town hall is also home to the police department and Annexations library, as well as the town’s meeting hall. Bristle Cone Pine Current Alma Zoning ñðò Scenic Area Commercial Commercial Property North Placer Valley West Pike National Forest Although two fires destroyed most of the original buildings Town of Alma *# Peaks High Mtn. Mining Property Southern Annexation Law Enforcement Government CO State Wildlife Area in Alma, there are several buildings with historic signifi- Mines Highway Light Industrial Mine Annexation Tax Parcels Law enforcement is provided by the Town’s police depart- Placer Valley East cance located within and near the Historic District. The !9 Campgrounds Mixed Use ment. Alma has two full-time officers, as well as a Mem- Town Hall building and the Stone Church are listed in the Residential 0 0.75 1.5 2.25 3 / State Register of Historic Places. The Alma Ladies Aid Hall orandum of Understanding permitting the Park County Miles is a Park County Local Historic Landmark. These three Sherriff’s Department to provide additional coverage as structures are shown on the Historic District and Commu- needed. The Colorado State Patrol provides assistance to nity Resources map (Figure 2-2). A number of additional the Town for accidents along SH 9. There are no detention

8 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 9 Chapter 1: Background & Purpose Chapter 1: Background & Purpose facilities in Alma, but the Park County Jail in Fairplay is Wastewater General Fund: The town’s general operating fund is used dies Aid Society, which hosted many events in the building available for Town use. The Alma wastewater treatment plant is located south of town to account for all financial resources, except those required through the 1920s, including dances, holiday parties, and Water Supply/Treatment/Quality on State Highway 9 and provides sewage collection and treat- to be accounted for in another fund (Special Revenue and funeral receptions. The Alma Ladies Aid Hall is now a Park Alma’s water supply is provided by two surface-water ment facilities. The plant is operated by the Town’s utilities Debit Service), to run and operate the town. County Local Historic Landmark. sources, a pond and an underground infiltration gallery, manager and consists of three aerated ponds. It has a capacity Special Revenue Funds–The Conservation Trust Alma Community Church was constructed in 1936 as the both fed from Buckskin Creek. In 2012, Alma constructed of 117,000 gallons per day. Currently, the plant is operating be- Fund: The Conservation Trust Fund is a special revenue local economy boomed from increased mining activity in a new raw-water intake pipeline with a valve stubbed out low capacity, processing a daily average of 26,000 gallons per fund, set aside and restricted for specific purposes. It is the Mosquito Range. Local residents raised funds to con- permitting future implementation of micro-hydro power day. Recently there has been discussion of upgrading the waste Alma’s only “special revenue fund” and is not considered a struct the church, whose form and materials epitomize the generation. treatment process to avoid violating regulations addressing the major fund. Expenditures are expected for acquisition and early pioneer building style. The church is now listed on discharge of ammonia into the river. The water treatment intake is located approximately two enhancement efforts of Gateway Park in 2015. the State Register of Historic Places. Drainage miles west of town along Buck- Alma Skate Park Debt Service Fund: This is a major governmental fund Regional Services Storm drainage exists in skin Creek. Water extracted and was established to account for the repayment of gen- Alma, but due to a lack of Fire Protection from Buckskin Creek travels to eral obligation bonds related to the Town’s curb and gutter paved roads, achieving prop- The Northwest Fire District is a volunteer department town via direct gravity flow. Ini- project. In November 1998, the Town’s citizens passed a er stormwater collection is providing fire protection services to the town. Its main sta- tial filtration is accomplished ballot measure allowing the issuance of up to $120,000 in challenging. The installation tion is located 10 minutes away in Fairplay and its Station using pressure sand vessels bonds for the completion of the project. with multiple media, followed of sidewalks on Main Street #1, equipped with a pump truck and a small emergency by bags and cartridges where was paired with curb and Proprietary Funds: These funds are identified as Enter- truck, is located in Alma. Several Northwest volunteers live the water is filtered down to gutter and is limited to Hwy 9. prise Funds (water and sewer funds) by the town. Propri- within or near the town’s limits. Fire hydrants are located one micron. Water flow averag- Surface runoff occurs by grav- etary funds account for operations that are organized to be throughout Alma and are connected to its water supply sys- es 15 gallons per minute, with itational flow to two sediment self-supporting via user fees and charges. The operations tem. A fire hydrant solely dedicated for fire control (there a maximum rate of 160 gallons catchment ponds. Currently, supported by Enterprise Funds are the town’s water and are others in town that are also used to suppress dust) is per minute. there is no plan or available sewer operations. located on Edgewood Street. It functions by direct gravity funding in place to manage the ponds or collection system. flow from the Sawmill Reservoir. Treated water flows to the town’s 225,000-gallon storage Physical Assets Trash Disposal Emergency Medical Services/Medical Providers tank, where it is dispersed through water distribution lines. Alma’s unique setting and history make it an interesting Alma is served by the South Park Ambulance District with This stored water is also used for fire protection. Alma’s Trash disposal services are provided by the town through place to visit. Walking tours are available to see the town’s a fleet of four ambulances. It is licensed by Park County to water augmentation plan secures water rights from Buck- an enclosed compactor located at the Town Hall. For a historic buildings. provide Advanced Life Support. SPAD is located in Fair- skin Creek, Sawmill Creek, and the Dolly Varden gulch. monthly fee, residents are permitted to dispose of up to The Alma School burned down in 1927 and was rebuilt play and can be accessed through 911. Water distribution lines are not present in undeveloped three bags of household garbage per week. Businesses are in 1929. The new school was built in the Mission Revival areas. Developers of areas outside of town are responsible required to obtain their own dumpsters. The nearest hospital is St. Anthony Summit Medical style. As mining activity increased, the population of Alma for bringing water rights and providing water distribution Center located in Frisco, approximately 40 minutes north Town Budget grew, rendering the school too small for its student popu- lines for each development proposal. In order to increase of Alma on State Highway 9. There is a small health clinic lation. In August 1936, an addition was constructed to the the amount of water available for the Town of Alma, the Financial reports submitted to the State for the years 2010 located in Fairplay, with no pharmacy services available at existing facility and 140 students attended school that fall. Town of Alma Water Enterprise began legal proceedings in through 2014 confirm that the town’s financial position this time. The Town of Alma is working with the Town of The school adequately served the town’s educational needs 2012 to develop a water augmentation plan using previous- is secure. Due to the high cost of equipment and vehicle Fairplay and Park County to develop additional partner- until 1962, when a new high school was built in Fairplay ly acquired Cottage Grove water rights. maintenance, the Town of Alma is seeking funding from ships with Summit County medical providers. the Colorado Department of Local Affairs to construct a and Alma students were bused to the new facility. In 1967, The quality of raw water is an issue due to residential de- garage sufficient in size to house the majority of the Town’s the school was deeded to the Town of Alma and now Electricity velopment and increased recreation along Buckskin Gulch. rolling stock. Additionally, a vehicle replacement schedule serves as a community center and as the Town Hall. The Public Service Company of Colorado, a subsidiary of Alma has a source water protection plan and watershed is being developed to help mitigate costs of unscheduled Xcel Energy, provides electricity to the Town of Alma. The ordinances requiring a permit for any ground disturbance Alma’s Ladies Aid Hall began as the office building for repairs. majority of Xcel Energy’s electricity is generated at seven in the watershed. The United States Forest Service works the Fanny Barrett Mining Association in 1880 but closed coal plants operating in Colorado, though Xcel also owns with Alma’s Public Works/Utilities Department to keep The focus of Alma’s governmental funds is to operate and shortly thereafter. It was then used as office space for the and operates three wind farms and several small hydroelec- the Town informed of activities along Buckskin Gulch. manage short-term inflows, outflows, and balances of spend- Moose Mining Company and the Dolly Varden Mine. In tric plants. able resources. Alma has four “Governmental Fund” types: the late 1910s, the building was acquired by the Alma La- 10 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 11 Chapter 1: Background & Purpose

Heating Fuel and improve the quality of life for residents. In the future, CHAPTER 2: VISION, GOALS & OBJECTIVES Several propane gas suppliers, including All Star Gas, the Town could also consider town-wide wireless internet Ferrellgas, Monarch Propane, Colorado Natural Gas, and to encourage visitors to stop in town and patronize local Thermogas, provide heating fuel to Alma. businesses. he vision, goals, and implementation strategies idents to clean, repair, and improve public spaces, Internet Park County’s local technology planning team (LTPT) in this plan have been developed based on pub- vacant lots, and abandoned properties. The Town of Alma currently has dial-up internet connec- has a good understanding of the area’s needs and has lic input received during the planning process, tion speeds of up to 56 kbps, along established strong relationships with • Focus beautification and cleanup efforts on highly Figure 1-3. School locations and reflect the diverse expectations of Alma’s citizens. with fixed wireless broadband. Fixed CenturyLink, South Park Telephone, visible properties along State Highway 9, especially at wireless broadband is a type of high- and other providers. The LTPT should These goals and strategies are summarized into a single the gateways into town. coherent list here and are discussed in more detail in subse- speed Internet access where connec- continue to manage these projects • Increase enforcement efforts of Sec. 7-2-100 of Alma’s quent sections of the plan. tions to service providers radio signals and foster relationships with private municipal code prohibiting parking, storage, or depo- rather than cables. Areas that lack fiber providers to promote extending mi- • Community Character, Design, and Identity sition of inoperable vehicles that are unscreened from optic cable, DSL, or cable television crowave links into Alma. Alternatively, • Economy and Economic Development view from public rights-of-way for a period of more lines can still enjoy broadband Internet Internet capacity to Alma would be than 30 consecutive days. Consider adding a provision access via a fixed wireless service. Al- improved by extending the SkyWerx/ • Land Use and Planning, Housing, Growth Manage- that vehicles must also be licensed and may not be though they tend to offer lower speeds Colorado Central Telecom licensed ment, and Zoning used for storage. than other types of broadband Inter- microwave link north into Leadville • Environment • Consider modifying Sec. 16- net, fixed wireless services generally with an additional link into Alma. 11-10 of the municipal code to • Recreation (Parks, Open Space, support between one and 10 Mbps of Educational Facilities require that recreational vehicles, and Trails) network bandwidth. The South Park School District (Park campers, motor homes, trailers, County RE-2) provides public education services to the • Transportation and other similar vehicles be In many communities, widespread availability of broad- residents of Alma, Fairplay, Guffey, and Lake George. licensed and operable, or include band high-speed internet has become the new standard, • Intergovernmental Coordina- Students living in Alma may attend the following public tion, Community Services, and them under Sec. 7-2-100 of the significantly improving the internet user experience. These schools: code. faster connections provide access to high-quality internet Infrastructure services, including streaming media, gaming, and inter- • Edith Teter Elementary School For each category, goals are identi- • Increase enforcement efforts of Property owners should be encouraged to Sections 7-3-10, 7-3-20 and 7-3- active services. High-speed internet is now considered • Silverheels Middle School fied, followed by a set of implemen- improve the appearance of their structures. the foundation for economic growth, job creation, global tation strategies that describe the 30 of Alma’s municipal code prohib- • South Park High School competitiveness, and a better quality of life. efforts and methods to accomplish iting accumulation of refuse on any Bristlecone Montessori School is a private school located premises in the Town and outlining responsibility for Education, healthcare, public safety, and government are the goals. Some goals and implementation strategies apply on North Main Street in Alma. Bristlecone provides two upkeep and removal of such materials. a few of the industries that have been profoundly changed to, and therefore appear under, multiple categories. levels of private educational services: a Primary Program through access to broadband. Acquiring widespread avail- Goals and strategies carried forward from Alma’s • Increase enforcement efforts of Sec. 16-5-50 of Alma’s for children ages 2½ through Kindergarten and an Elemen- ability of broadband internet in Alma would foster more 1999 Comprehensive Plan appear in green text. municipal code, which requires that development tary Program serving children from the 1st through 6th economic opportunities, increase the town’s web presence, in the Commercial, Mixed Use, and Light Industrial grades. Community Character, Design, and Identity Districts reduce the visual intrusion of parking areas, Improve the Town’s aesthetics to make Alma a screened storage areas, and similar accessory areas and more appealing stop or destination for visitors and structures. Consider enhancing screening of the sewage improve community pride. treatment plant along State Highway 9. • Initiate a Main Street improvement project group. Continue and enhance efforts to identify, maintain, • Encourage home and business owners to improve the and restore Alma’s historic properties. appearance of their property and structures. • Continue providing incentives to property owners • Investigate use of form-based zoning in place of the for preservation or re-use efforts, such as tax benefits, current use-based zoning. capital improvements, and restoration funds. • Continue to hold community cleanup days for res- • Continue to identify structures of historical and 12 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 13 Chapter 2: Vision, Goals & Objectives Chapter 2: Vision, Goals & Objectives

cultural significance to restore or reuse as community ment, and help existing businesses succeed and • Establish a local business coalition or chamber of com- Entrance to Alma River Walk (artist’s rendering) buildings. grow. merce to work with local businesses, community leaders, and officials to develop an economic development • Continue to research and apply for historic preserva- • Continue to pursue high-speed Internet connectivity strategy and a long-range economic development plan tion grants and funding opportunities. to increase the Town’s attractiveness to entrepreneurs and small businesses. that identifies growth opportunities, funding strategies, • Continue to inventory and monitor the condition of and partnerships to develop and implement economic Alma’s historical structures and landmarks. • Inventory existing vacant real estate to determine the development activities. availability of commercial land for future development • Continue to pursue historic recognition of structures and help potential business owners identify appropri- • Work with neighboring communities, Park County, and landmarks in the historic district. ate sites. and state officials to identify joint economic develop- • Investigate use of form-based zoning in place of the ment opportunities. • Form a strong partnership current use-based zoning. 2013 Festival in the Clouds poster Develop and enhance outdoor recreation and other with the South Park Area destination/lifestyle elements to promote tourism. • Enhance enforcement of Chamber of Commerce the Historic Overlay Dis- and with surrounding • Continue improving existing trails and pathways trict Development Stan- community businesses connecting the community and region to attract recre- dards outlined in Sec. 16- ational visitors. From Alma River Walk Trail, Fall 2015, organizations. Colorado Center for Community Development 4-30 of the municipal code • Target the creation of spe- • Continue working with CDOT to make pedestrian and associated ordinances cific business activities to and bicycle improvements along the State Highway 9 • Accentuate the area’s historical landmarks and build- (2003-3 §1 and 2011-18 improve the economy in a corridor. ings. §1) to help deal with vacant sustainable and long-term or abandoned properties of • Work with CDOT, USFS, and Park County to develop • Collaborate with the South Park Chamber of Com- fashion. historical significance. and/or improve trailheads and hiking routes. merce to promote activities and events to attract • Survey business owners visitors and tourists. • Continue cooperative • Partner with trail and camping websites and groups to and citizens to reach a con- efforts between the Town develop a town brand and promote use of Alma’s trails • Enhance existing gateway signage on State Highway 9. sensus on how the Town of Alma, the Alma Founda- during all seasons. should develop. • Work with Park County and state officials to devel- tion, the Colorado Histor- • Develop and maintain visitor infrastructure, including op directional and way-finding signage to local and ical Foundation, the South • Provide tax incentives for access to public restrooms, way-finding signage, park- regional tourist destinations, including historic sites, Park National Heritage new and small businesses ing, parks, and public gathering places. cultural resources, parks and recreation facilities, and Area, the Park County His- in Alma to help create a trailheads. toric Preservation Advisory more attractive business • Pursue management of concession operations at Kite Commission, and other climate. Lake. • Pursue county, state, and federal funding partners to assist in the continued development and improvement entities to restore historic • Work with CDOT to accommodate OHV and transit • Establish a one-stop busi- of recreational assets. properties in Alma. ness center at the Town as it becomes necessary. Plan for an efficient and Hall. Work with local entrepreneurs and businesses to • Continue to work with the Alma Foundation to pro- high-quality public services program. promote Alma’s parks, recreation assets, and arts/ mote special events in town. • Encourage present and future business owners to cultural events to enhance the local tourist-based • Pursue opportunities to partner with neighboring • Explore the possibility of developing a lodging tax for maintain and improve the appearance of their build- economy. communities to initiate healthcare services and pro- ings. airbnb, VRBO, HomeAway, and other lodging rental grams for local residents. • Establish a tourist center to promote the area’s natu- sites. • Develop a recognizable Town “brand” as a marketing ral recreational opportunities and beautiful natural Use intergovernmental agreements, memoran- • Develop and perform a citizen survey to assess the tool for businesses. features. dums of understanding, and other agreements to needs of area residents. • Work with local businesses to gain a greater under- encourage governmental coordination efforts. • Initiate the establishment of lodging- and hotel-based Economy and Economic Development standing of their challenges and identify resources businesses. • Continue implementing existing intergovernmental needed to improve business environment, job creation, Identify economic development challenges, assist agreements and memorandums of understanding with in economic development and business recruit- and business retention. • Support the development of ecotourism. 14 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 15 Chapter 2: Vision, Goals & Objectives Chapter 2: Vision, Goals & Objectives

governmental agencies and neighboring communities • Regulate lot sizes, permitted uses, conditional uses, • Ensure there are adequate public utilities for present • Development will only be allowed in areas where it to maintain regular communication, clearly delineate and other land-use conditions in accordance with and future Alma residents and businesses. can be adequately supported by critical public facilities roles and responsibilities, and promote integrated the current municipal code. Consider evaluating and • Continue to work with regional business and commu- and services such as water, wastewater, storm drainage, planning efforts. updating the municipal code to reflect current and nity representatives to identify specific growth prob- transportation, and fire and emergency services. desired conditions. • Pursue new intergovernmental agreements to ensure lems and solutions. Maintain the integrity of viewsheds in and around Support the development of a range of housing Town, as well as the topographic integrity of the that planning, infrastructure development, growth, • Work with state officials to ensure that the Town’s and economic development are done in a coordinated options that are compatible with Alma’s traditional landscape. neighborhoods and rugged mountain character. existing wastewater treatment facility is compliant with fashion among agencies and with the support of the environmental and other regulatory responsibilities • Enforce Sec. 16-4-30 of the municipal code, requiring community. • Investigate use of form-based zoning in place of the and has adequate capacity to accommodate future development to be located, sited, and designed to be • Establish a joint development review process for proj- current use-based zoning. growth. non-obtrusive, blend in with the existing natural environment, and minimize disruption to existing terrain, ects outside of Alma’s town limits but within the town’s • Revise minimum residential lot area, width, and • Pursue cooperative service arrangements, mutual vegetation, drainage patterns, natural slopes, and any three-mile planning area. setback requirements (Sec. 16-3-50 of the municipal aid agreements, and intergovernmental agreements distinctive natural features. • Provide and maintain updated versions of Alma’s code) to better reflect current, emerging, and desired as mechanisms for ensuring coordinated and well- municipal code, comprehensive plan, and other key conditions. planned service delivery. • Consider modifying Sec. 16-4-30 of the municipal code to limit the allowable area of disturbance on a site. planning documents on the Town’s website. • Revise minimum commercial lot area, width, and set- Consider the benefits and costs of annexation of Land Use and Renovation of historic building back requirements (Sec. undeveloped lands and existing enclaves of devel- • Ensure hillside development is structurally and aes- Planning, Housing, 16-5-40) to better reflect opment on a case-by-case basis. thetically appropriate to the property and surrounding current, emerging, and areas. Growth Management, • Manage future growth and annexation of undeveloped desired conditions, and and Zoning land to maintain the character of the community and • Consider supplementing Sec. 16-12-20 of the mu- to encourage strategic compatibility with existing land uses and natural areas. nicipal code with additional driveway requirements Ensure that new develop- development, redevel- intended to minimize site disturbance. ment and redevelopment opment, and infill. • Annexations should represent a logical extension of the is consistent with the Town boundaries. Environment existing community char- • Support infill develop- Preserve and enhance critical natural areas, includ- acter and Town vision. ment on vacant land or • Annexations and associated development proposals redevelopment of aban- should be consistent with the policies set forth in this ing wildlife habitat and migration corridors, ridge- • Regulate lot sizes, per- doned structures and plan and other adopted Town policies. lines, steep slopes, wetlands, riparian corridors, mitted uses, conditional and aquifer recharge zones. encourage rehabilitation • Annexations and associated development proposals uses, and other land-use of the town’s existing • Collaborate with Park County, surrounding commu- conditions in accordance should provide a benefit to the Town by contributing housing stock by devel- to sales tax generation, employment base expansion, nities, U.S. Forest Service, and other stakeholders to with the current Zoning oping incentives and/ protect the area’s important natural resources. Ordinance. water rights, unique open space or recreational ameni- or grant opportunities for property owners to maintain ties, or utility or service upgrades. • Continue to pursue property acquisition along the • Encourage new development within the Town bound- and preserve historic properties. • Annexations and associated development propos- Middle Fork South Platte River and Buckskin Creek to aries that is complimentary to existing residential areas preserve open spaces and floodplain areas. and neighborhoods. • Revise Sec. 16-3-50 and 16-11-20 of the municipal als should be integrated into the Town’s existing or code as needed to allow for tiny houses on platted lots. planned utility, transportation, public safety, and • Work with mining operations to reclaim abandoned • Investigate use of form-based zoning in place of the general services system in a financially responsible areas around the community. current use-based zoning. • Consider revising Article 3 of the municipal code to manner. support provision of accessory dwelling units on sin- • Periodically review and update maps of critical nat- • Uphold Sec. 16-3-40 of the municipal code, which • Annexations may be pursued by the Town for purpos- gle-family lots of a size deemed appropriate. ural areas, wildlife habitats and migration corridors, requires duplexes and multi-family dwelling units to es other than urban development, such as securing wetlands, steep slopes, ridgelines, and groundwater undergo the PUD process before approval in the resi- Plan for growth to ensure that future demand for land-use control over areas identified as open space by recharge areas. dential (R) zone. Town services can be met and does not exceed the the Comprehensive Plan or providing for future urban- capabilities of public services, facilities, and the • Make maps available to land owners, developers, and ization of an area in a manner that is compatible with • Ensure that all properties within Alma’s Town bound- natural environment. decision-makers to ensure that land use decisions are aries have consistent land-use and zoning designations. the Town’s Comprehensive Plan. informed. 16 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 17 *#

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*# Chapter 2: Vision, Goals & Objectives Chapter 2: Vision, Goals & Objectives

Figure 2-1. Floodplain # *# *# • Consider adopting a wetland and surface water setback Night sky * requirement for future development in accordance S with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers recommendations. aw # mill Cre * Waterways shall have a minimum setback width of 100 ek feet from the centerline of all rivers, streams, creeks, and swales or from the high-water line of all lakes and reservoirs. Maintain the topographic integrity of Alma’s landscape. • Implement floodplain management and hillside ordinances to protect the natural environment and character of the area. • Consider modifying Sec. 11-4-50 of the municipal Buc • Consistently enforce Sec. 16-4-30 of the municipal ks code to remove existing street lights from the list of k in code, requiring development to be located, sited, and C exemptions to Article 4. Research the cost vs. benefit r ee *# designed to be non-obtrusive, blend in with the exist- of retrofitting noncompliant street lights. k ing natural environment, and minimize disruption to • Consider modifying Sec. 11-4-60 of the municipal existing terrain, vegetation, drainage patterns, natural Town *# code to limit lighting intensity based on the zoning *# *# slopes, and any distinctive natural features. of district and type of use. Alma *# • Consider modifying Sec. 16-4-30 of the municipal *# Reduce the economic, environmental, and social *# code to limit the allowable area of disturbance on a site. costs associated with natural hazards, first by • Consider supplementing Sec. 16-12-20 of the mu- avoiding potential hazard areas; second, by ap- nicipal code with additional driveway requirements plying environmentally appropriate mitigation in *# intended to minimize site disturbance. areas that cannot be avoided; and third, by using *# prevention measures accompanied by education Mitigate wildfire risk and potential damage. and incentives for mitigation. *# *# • Ensure consistent application and enforcement of • Encourage site design of new development to protect M county regulations requiring minimum defensible id terrain, preserve significant vegetation and scenic dle Fo *# space around dwellings located in areas of high wildfire rk views, and incorporate native trees and shrubs into S potential and regulations requiring wildfire mitigation . WXYZÐ landscape plans. P l a plans for new developments. t *# • Reduce or eliminate inappropriate development in te • Consider adding provisions to Alma’s municipal code natural hazard areas to minimize potential harm to life, ito C to regulate the presence of flammable vegetation and qu ree *# health, and property. s k *# structures surrounding structures. o M • Strongly discourage and strictly control land use devel- Continue to preserve and protect Alma’s dark *# skies. opment located in designated floodplains, as identified *# in Figure 2-1. • Strictly enforce Article 4 of Alma’s municipal code, which • Locate critical facilities, as defined by the Federal regulates outdoor lighting in an effort to reduce light pol- Legend Emergency Management Agency, outside of delineated Floodplain lution and preserve the dark night sky in the Town. 100 ft. Setback from 100 Year Floodplain Town of Alma *# floodplain areas. Bucksin Creek *# • Consider modifying Sec. 11-4-40 of the municipal Special flood hazard areas subject Highway • Mitigate existing and potential natural and man-made to inundation by the 1% annual code to encourage or require property owners to retro- chance flood. Adapted into vector hazards such as flood, fire, and geologic hazards*# to re- coverage from electronic FIRM. 0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 *# fit non-compliant lights before fixtures become inoper- Miles / duce the risk of death, injuries, and damage to property. able, potentially using incentives. *# 18 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 *# Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 19 *# *#

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# *# * *# *# *# *# Chapter 2: Vision, Goals & Objectives Chapter 2: Vision, Goals & Objectives

• Designate development activities to minimize alter- Develop new facilities to accommodate year-round • Identify, acquire, and improve access to recreational tional signage and wayfinding to historic sites, parks ation of the natural landscape to the greatest extent recreation and leisure activities for all members of corridors throughout the Town and in adjacent areas. and recreation facilities, open space, trail connections, the community. possible, thus reducing the potential for slope instabili- • Require that all development applications or annex- and cultural resources. ty and drainage problems. • Construct or re-use an existing structure for a recreation proposals for property adjacent to public lands • Work in partnership with business leaders and interest- • Recognizing that natural hazards cross jurisdictional ation and community center. take special steps to ensure appropriate public access is ed citizens to develop a central web portal and ac- boundaries, promote planning efforts that foster • Continue to upgrade and expand the Alma Playground maintained, improved, or limited, as appropriate. companying smartphone apps that map, describe, and promote trails for all seasons. cooperation and coordination among agencies, neigh- and Park, including improving nearby vacant areas to • Identify all key access points to public lands and pri- boring communities, and organizations involved in the be used for social activities. oritize those to be acquired, maintained, or improved. • Preserve and enhance historic and cultural assets. Use mitigation of risks associated with hazards. the Town’s unique assets to attract visitors. • Determine siting and construction requirements for a Use a variety of techniques such as development incen- Recreation (Parks, Open Space, and Trails) Town observatory. tives, acquisition of development rights, and donation Promote and encourage responsible use of recre- or creation of access ational facilities and Develop and improve cultural and education pro- • Acquire vacant property to use for historic and com- easements to preserve Bicycle signage on highway natural areas. Use grams for the community. munity activity sites. and enhance access. recreational opportu- • Form a volunteer-based committee, or appoint the Use strategic partnerships and programs to im- nities and facilities to Alma Foundation to plan and strategize the enhance- prove and expand recreational opportunities in • Work with the Nation- increase environmental ment of Alma’s historic and cultural activities. and around Alma. al Forest Service and awareness and stew- private landowners to ardship. • Promote the Town’s rich mining heritage and culture. • Build partnerships with other jurisdictions, districts, provide designated and • Disseminate informa- landowners, and agencies to provide seamless trail con- well-maintained camp- • Continue to provide additional educational opportuni- tion via signage, maps, nections to public lands and other key locations. ing spots. ties for adults and youth. and the web about • Continue to provide outdoor performance and gather- • Pursue sources of funding, such as Colorado Blueprint Use recreation facili- appropriate use of ing areas for festivals and activities. 2.0, that could augment the Town’s budget to expand, ties and opportunities facilities. improve, and acquire public spaces. as a tool for economic • Continue to encourage and sponsor year-round events • Develop information- Manage access to natural and recreation areas development and to for families to interact with each other and share ideas al materials, signage, to avoid trespassing issues and confusion among attract visitors. and interpretive sites related to civic and cultural activities. visitors. • Build and improve to help people better • Re-establish a periodic community newsletter. trails designed to con- • Provide consistent and well-maintained signage inform- appreciate their surroundings and understand proper nect communities to each other and attract year-round • Provide spaces for social interaction and public use ing users when they are passing through private land. use and care of the sites. that encourage people to intermingle and regu- recreational visitors. Kite Lake campground • Add signage informing the public of appropriate uses larly use the spaces. • Maintain, enhance, and develop visitor infrastructure, in an area, including camping allowance, use of motor- including restrooms, wayfinding signage, parking, pub- Improve recreational trail opportunities ized vehicles, and potential threats to natural commu- within the Town. lic parks, and public gathering places. nities. • Promote recreational opportunities in and around • Continue to work with property owners to • Work with local school children to promote “Leave Alma via signage, the web, maps, and other venues. acquire easements and property for future trails No Trace” approaches to address cleanliness in public and other recreational facilities as needed. • Work with CDOT to add signage along SH 9 inform- facilities. • Plan and develop a multi-use public trail ing travelers of recreational opportunities, including Prioritize pedestrian and bicycle facilities through system, including links to the playground and Montgomery Reservoir, Montgomery Mill, the water- Town. park, Buckskin Recreation Area, and the exist- fall, and nearby trails, among others. ing bike path along SH 9. • Improve signage and maintenance of current bike trail • Develop and distribute maps and promotional materi- system to improve safety and deter motor vehicles. • Continue to plan, design, construct, and fund als to guide tourists to attractions and businesses. parks, open spaces, and trails as an integral • Create pedestrian links between parks, biking trails, • Improve gateway signage at the north and south en- recreation areas, residential areas, and businesses. element of the Town’s budget. trances to the city and develop tourist-oriented direc-

20 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 21 Chapter 2: Vision, Goals & Objectives Chapter 2: Vision, Goals & Objectives

• Improve safety, connectivity, and convenience for cy- parking should comply with the guidelines outlined in Support the provision of off-street parking on lo- Goals Accomplished Since 1999 clists and pedestrians in and around the Town. the Association of Pedestrian and Bicycle Professionals cal/side streets. Comprehensive Plan guide, Essentials of Bike Parking. • Work with CDOT to prioritize pedestrian corridors • Pursue opportunities to acquire vacant lots in the busi- • Complete the curb, gutter and sidewalk project along and crossings along State Highway 9. Work with CDOT and other stakeholders to main- ness district for public parking and snow storage. Main Street. tain and improve SH9 and the local street network • Work with local business owners to develop options • Install bicycle parking facilities in the main business to provide a safe environment for motorists, pe- • Restore the Town church into a community center. district. for parking in the business district. destrians, and cyclists. • Prioritize the restoration or replacement of the Ladies Work with state agencies and neighboring jurisdic- • Provide clear signage along Main Street directing driv- • Continue enforcement efforts to ensure drivers comply Aid Building into a usable center for the arts. tions to manage the use of off-highway vehicles. ers to designated parking areas. with posted speed limits. • Develop a sign ordinance to ensure a uniform and neat • Designate off-highway vehicle riding trails that are de- Intergovernmental Coordination, • Work with CDOT and Park County to develop addi- appearance within the Town. signed, constructed, maintained, and managed specifi- Community Services, and Infrastructure tional pedestrian crossings on SH 9. • Inventory and map utility boundaries and locations. cally for the use. OHV trails may still need to be closed Support coordination efforts among neighboring after significant rain or snow events until dry enough to • Install signage at the end of the bicycle path informing communities, government agencies, and organiza- • Consider re-zoning Business District (B) lots to His- avoid degradation. cyclists to merge with traffic. tions to ensure coordinated planning efforts and toric District (H). improve service delivery. • Provide consistent information regarding safe and en- • Install signage on the road alerting drivers to “share the • Form an historic preservation commission to preserve vironmentally-responsible motorized trail recreation. road” with cyclists. • Continue coordination and interaction with Park and protect Alma’s heritage. County, Breckenridge, Fairplay, and neighboring areas • Coordinate information dissemination among land • Work with CDOT and Park County to add signage regarding growth, development, zoning, and land use. • Review and amend the Zoning Ordinance to enhance managers, law enforcement agencies, dealers and man- and/or sharrows to clarify where bicyclists should historic preservation efforts. Reassess the Zoning ufacturers, and local clubs and riders. travel through town on SH9. • Use intergovernmental agreements, memorandums Ordinance to ensure that vacant land zoned for Com- of understanding, and other agreements to support • Ensure that trails and access areas are appropriately Coordinate transportation facility planning, design, mercial (C-1) and Business District (B) development governmental coordination efforts. marked to provide information, education, orientation and provision with land-use planning. is located along State Highway 9. and safety. Well-marked trails will help prevent users • Work with developers to ensure that streets safely and • Continue implementing existing intergovernmental • Create a policy for new development, off-site infra- from going off-trail and impacting sensitive areas. The efficiently accommodate a range of travel modes for pe- agreements and memorandums of understanding with structure extensions, impact fees, dedications, and National Forests in Florida have an excellent resource destrians and a network of designated paths and routes governmental agencies and neighboring communities capital investment procedures, especially when pro- available for developing a sign plan for motorized trails. for bicyclists. to maintain regular communication, clearly delineate posed development creates a need for infrastructure roles and responsibilities, and promote integrated • Close trails to OHV use during critical wildlife mating, Coordinate transportation planning efforts with extensions. planning efforts. nesting, and migration periods. other government entities, including CDOT and • Develop a potential urban growth map within a three Park County. • Pursue new intergovernmental agreements to ensure • Work to strengthen state laws and OHV regulations to mile radius of the Town. Investigate long-term strate- that planning, infrastructure development, growth deter illegal riding and expand enforcement efforts. • Work with CDOT to maintain State Highway 9 in a gies for the provision of education and school facilities. way that meets Alma’s circulation and access needs in a and economic development are done in a coordinated • Work with local, county and state regulators to pro- • Develop an annexation plan as the Town’s official poli- safe, economical, and efficient manner. fashion among agencies and with the support of the mote responsible OHV use in Alma and surrounding community. cy on future growth and annexation activities. Provide alternative transportation options for res- areas to gain the economic benefits of OHV destina- • Maintain a community information program to inform idents and visitors traveling to Alma and surround- • Establish a joint development review process for proj- tion tourism while minimizing potential environmen- ing cities. ects outside of Alma’s town limits but within the town’s citizens of events, public meetings, critical issues, and tal impacts. three-mile planning area. plans. • Work with the State, Park County, adjacent commu- Transportation • Assess and update municipal codes to protect sensitive nities, and businesses to request grand funding to • Pursue cooperative service arrangements, mutual Improve existing transportation infrastructure in natural areas and open spaces. develop a shuttle/vanpool service to serve Alma and aid agreements, and intergovernmental agreements an efficient and cost-effective manner. surrounding communities, including Breckenridge and as mechanisms for ensuring coordinated and well- • Provide and maintain updated versions of Alma’s • Create pedestrian links between park, biking trail, rec- Fairplay. planned service delivery. municipal code, comprehensive plan, and other key reation areas, residential areas, and businesses. planning documents on the Town’s web page. • Establish relationships with mountain resorts and oth- • Provide safe, convenient bicycle parking along Main er large employers in neighboring cities to provide bus Street to encourage cyclists to stop in Alma. Bicycle service to Alma residents going to work. 22 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 23 Chapter 3. Community Profile

CHAPTER 3: COMMUNITY PROFILE Figure 3-2. Projected Growth

he Town of Alma has experienced steady growth 20-year growth rate of Alma is the most aggressive and in population since the town’s last comprehen- most closely matches the 1999 plan forecasts. The Woods sive plan was completed in 1999. In 1999, Alma and Poole projection illustrates a moderate growth rate had a population of 176 residents. The town’s population that mirrors forecasted growth of the region’s economy. increased 62% over the next 15 years, to the 2014 popula- This comprehensive plan is based on the fixed portion tion of 274 residents. Alma’s growth rate is below that of of Park County by Woods and Poole projection of 405 Park County during the same period but above the state of permanent residents in Year 2050. The seasonal population Colorado, as shown in Figure 3.1 below. The population may be larger. changes experienced by Alma relate directly to economic Age Group Distribution changes in the region, including fluctuations in employment in neighboring towns and counties. A factor that impacts any town’s growth and guides its future is the age distribution of its residents. Different age Projected Growth to 2050 groups impact communities differently and often provide Figure 3.2 presents the results of six equally valid method- an insight into the future needs of the community. Under- ologies for projecting the population of Alma in Year 2050. standing these needs is important when planning for future Four of these methodologies are based upon the forecast infrastructure projects or other capital investments. Based population of Park County, two using the Colorado State on 2015 data, Alma may experience an increased demand Figure 3-3 shows the Park County historic and forecast Racial Distribution Demographer’s forecasts, and two using Woods and Poole for specialized services for older adults. However, due to population by gender and age, from left to right; 1970, forecasts. The remaining two forecasts are based upon Alma’s altitude and climate, the demand for specialized 2015, 2050. Historically, an overwhelming majority of Park County residents have self-identified as White or Caucasian. The historic growth rates of the Town of Alma itself, using the services may be abated due to senior individuals relocat- Gender Distribution 10-year average and the 20-year average growth rates. The ing to lower altitudes for health reasons and other needs. percentage of White residences decreased from 97 to 92 In contrast to statewide gender distributions, Alma’s gen- percent between 1970 and 2015 and is projected to further Figure 3-1. Historic population growth rate der distribution has historically been and is forecasted to decrease to 79 percent by 2050 (Figure 3-4). continue to be a (slight) majority of males. This distribu- Households & Families tion is likely reflective of the type of employment available Families are 41% of the households in Alma in 2015. This in the region. figure includes both married-couple families (29%) and Figure 3-3. Park County age and gender distribution: 1970, 2015, 2050

Park Co. 1970 population = 2,210 Park Co. 2015 population = 16,514 Park Co. 2050 population = 23,833 (Alma = 73) (Alma = 274) (Alma = 405) Median age = 33.07 Median age = 50.78 Median age = 44.5

24 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 25 Chapter 3: Community Profile Chapter 3: Community Profile

Figure 3-4. Park County racial composition in per capita income will likely occur in the Management/Science & Arts fields than Park County Figure 3-6. Employment status Alma. and Colorado statewide (Figure 3.8). This can partly be White = 2,143 (97%) White = 15,122 (92%) White = 18,862 (79%) Minority = 67 (3%) Minority = 1,392 (8%) Minority = 4,971 (21%) Household Income attributed to the educational levels of Alma’s workforce. The Town of Alma has two noticeable Employment by Industry shows the two largest occupation peaks in its distribution of household in- sectors are Management and Service. These most likely comes, in the $25-35,000 and $50-75,000 reflect employment in the recreation industry in nearby Not in labor force ranges (Figure 3-5). A relatively small Summit County. Unemployed portion of Alma residents have household Housing Employed 1970 2015 2050 incomes in the $100-150,000 range and the over $200,000 range. There were 19 Alma has a distinctive, established housing character with households with incomes below $15,000, unique influences on supply, demand, and the existing “other” families (12%). Of “other” families, one-third (4% and seven of those have incomes below $10,000. condition of the housing stock. of total) are female householder families with no husband Housing Characteristics present and with children under 18 years of age. Non-fam- Alma’s median household income is slightly below that of The majority of Alma’s existing housing stock is comprised ily households made up 59% of all households in Alma. Park County and the State of Colorado. of single-family detached houses heated by wood or tank Twenty-five percent of all households have one or more owners was $1,427. For non-mortgaged homeowners, av- Workforce Characteristics gas (Figure 3-10). The typical house is fifty years old and people under the age of 18, and 9% of all households have erage cost was $425 per month, and for renters costs were has two or more bedrooms. Architecturally, many of the one or more people 65 years and over. In 2014, 78.8% of the residents in the Town of Alma were $1,006 (Table 3-14). An estimated 36% of homeowners employed, which is noticeably higher than either Park homes in Alma are historic and reflect the rugged, moun- with mortgages, 26% of homeowners without mortgages, Income and Employment Characteristics County or the State of Colorado (Figure 3.6). This higher tain architectural style that was dominant when the town and 64% of renters in Alma spent 30% or more of house- Per Capita Income rate of employment may in part be attributed to the fact was founded (Figure 3-11). hold income on housing (US Census Fact Finder: 2014 Per capita income reflects the relative affluence of a pop- that nearly 100% of residents 25 years and over graduat- Housing Costs & Diversity Alma CO). ulation and its ability to support local public facilities and ed from high school and 40% had a bachelor’s degree or Providing adequate housing for all economic segments of Rental Housing services. The 2013 median per capita income in Alma higher. Greater employment could also be attributed to a the public is a challenge faced by communities across the Rental housing is an important component of a commu- was $27,665, ranking it 88th of 354 cities and towns in lower population of retirees or others who choose not to country. The development and preservation of a range of nity’s array of housing choices. Rental units may be appro- Colorado. Park County’s economic forecast shows a slow, participate in the labor force. Alma’s unemployment rate of housing types, sizes, and prices is necessary to accommo- priate for a range of individuals and households at various steady increase in per capita income for the region. With 5.5% is roughly the same as the county and state. date different household incomes levels and sizes and to times of life. The 2014 Census American Fact Finder the Town of Alma having a noticeably higher percentage of Worker Commute maintain a sustainable economy and promote growth. reports that rents in Alma ranged from $500 to $1,499 in the population participating in the workforce, this growth Employment opportunities in Alma are limited to the few Housing Costs/Affordability 2014, with median rental prices of $750 to $1,000. Rents Figure 3-5. Comparison of households by income stores, restaurants, and schools in The median monthly housing costs for mortgaged home- have more than doubled since Alma’s last comprehensive town. Eighty-five percent of Alma’s plan. A new issue is short-term, Figure 3-7. Commute to work by type working population commutes out- Worker Commute Type Across All Regions vacation-style rentals. This type side the town to work, and 76% of 100.0% 7% of activity further limits the avail- 12% 13% 3% the commuting workforce commutes 90.0% 2% ability of affordable housing in to work via single occupant vehicle 1% 1% 2% 3% 80.0% 10% 10% the region and may result in a loss (Figure 3-7). Approximately 61% of 14% Worked at home of community. Some residents Alma’s residents work outside of Park 70.0% Other expressed concerns that long- 60.0% Worked at Home County. Walked term rentals would be converted Other 50.0% Employment by Occupation Public transportationWalked to short-term rentals, which can Communte-car/ Given Alma’s size and location, em- 40.0% Public Transportationmake more money. 76% 75% van pool 71% Commute-Car/Van Pool ployment opportunities are limited Commute alone 30.0% Commute Alone In 2014, as a percentage of and most of Alma’s workforce is 20.0% household income, rents ranged % Households by Income employed elsewhere. Alma’s work- between 15% and 35% of house- force, by occupation, shows a higher 10.0% hold income, with half of renters percentage of workers engaged in 0.0% Alma Park County Colorado paying 35% or more of their 26 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 27 Chapter 3: Community Profile Chapter 3: Community Profile Figure 3-10. Housing heating, byHouse type Heating Fuel Type Across All Regions Figure 3-8. Employment by sectorEmployment by Occupation 100% 100% 11% 90% 20% 90% 1% 29% 2% 80% Vacant Homes 3% 46% Unemployed/Under 16 80% Vacant homes 8% 53% 49% 18% No Fuel Used 70% No fuel used Production/Transportation/ 70% Moving Other Fuel 60% 15% 4% Unemployed, Other fuel under 16Natural Resources/ 60% Solar Energy Construction/Maintenance 23% 50% 5% Production/transportation/ Solar energy moving Sales & Office Wood 9% 4% Natural resources/con- 1% 21% struction/maintenance 50% Wood 40% 4% Coal or Coke Sales andService o ce Occupation 12% 12% 11% 40% 12% Coal or coke 30% Service occupation Fuel, Oil, Kerosene, etc Management/scienceManagement/Science & Arts 4% 10% 8% and arts 64% Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. 20% 30% Electricity 33% 24% 16% ElectricityBottled, Tank, or LP Gas 10% 18% 19% 20% Bottled,Utility tank Gasor LP gas 0% 10% Alma Park County Colorado 17% Utility gas Total Population: Total Population: Total Population: 12% 270 16,510 5,456,574 0% income for rent. Historic fair market rents in Park County an important issue by the residents at the planning work- AlmaAlma ParkPark County ColoradoColorado TotalTotalHomes Homes:: TotalTotal HomesHomes:: Total HomesHomes:: show an average annual increase of 3.70%. In 2005, the shops for this comprehensive plan. Forty-five percent 225225 14,07514,075 2,238,6242,238,624 average rent in Park County had its largest single-year (45%) of Alma’s existing housing stock was built prior to increase, going up by 35.6%. Conversely, in 2012, there was 1940, with the oldest homes dating to the 1870s. Many Figure 3-11. HousingExisting unit, by typeHousing Units by Type Across All Regions an 11.3% decrease in average rents. of these residences are highlighted on the Historic Alma 100% 3% 5% 4% Walking Tour and provide an important historical resource 1% Housing Preservation and Improvement 8% 1% Housing maintenance and preservation was identified as vital to Alma’s identity. 90% 10% 4% 6% Figure 3-9. Age of Housing Age of Housing Unit Across All Regions 80% Boat, RV, van, etc. 100% 5% 6% 8% 3% Mobile home 1% 3% 2% 90% 4% 70% Boat, Rv, Van, Etc. 7% 8% 7% 20 or more units 80% 45% Built 1939 or earlier 60% Mobile Home 10% Built 1939 or earlier 10−19 units 70% 19% Built 1940−1949Built 1940 to 1949 20 or more units 50% Built 1950−1959 5−9 units 60% 19% Built 1950 to 1959 93% 10 to 19 units 14% 4% 2% Built 1960−1969Built 1960 to 1969 85% 50% 40% 5 to 39 orunits 4 units 2% Built 1970−1979Built 1970 to 1979 8% 15% 3 or 4 units 40% Built 1980−1989Built 1980 to 1989 30% 63% 2 units 9% 25% 2 units 30% Built 1990−1999Built 1990 to 1999 17% 1 unit, attached 11% Built 2000 to 2009 20% 1-unit, attached 20% Built 2000−2009 Built 2010 or later 1-unit, detached Built 2010 or later 1 unit, detached 10% 19% 24% 19% 10% 1% 0% Alma Park County Colorado 0% Alma Park County Colorado Alma Park County Colorado TotalTotal Homes:Homes: TotalTotal Homes:Homes: Total HomesHomes:: Alma Park County Colorado TotalTotalHomes Homes:: Total Homes: TotalTotal Homes:Homes: 225225 14,07514,075 2,238,624 Total Homes: 225225 14,075 2,238,624 28 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 29 Chapter 3: Community Profile Chapter 3: Community Profile

Alma’s altitude and climate create Table 3-1. Existing land use Figure 3-13. Housing unit values House Values Across All Regions a challenge in maintaining its older 100% Zoning Vacant Parcels Occupied Parcels Total 4% 6% 1% housing stock, but supporting this part 15% R-Residential 201 172 373 90% 11% of the community is crucial in contrib- 13% $1,000,000 or more uting to the town’s identity, health, and B-Business 103 34 137 80% 16% 15% $500,000−$999,999 vitality. Often, due to absentee owners, I-Light Industrial 10 4 14 $1,000,000 or more 70% 16% $300,000−$499,999 houses fall into various states of disre- Mixed Use 26 21 47 8% 9% $500,000 to $999,999 pair, frequently to the point of making 60% 4% 3% 10% $200,000−$299,999 Total 340 231 571 2% 1% $300,000 to $499,999 renovation and upkeep economically 50% 6% $150,000$200,000−$199,999 to $299,999 3% prohibitive. However, with a strong vision and determina- (65%) parcels are designated for residential use. Several of 3% $150,000 to $199,999 40% $100,000−$149,999 tion, Alma has shown that it values its older and historic the vacant parcels are large enough for significant subdi- $100,000 to $149,999 30% homes and properties. The town supports programs to vision. Other land uses include Business, Light Industrial, 57% 55% $50,000$50,000−$90,999 to $90,999 address housing and property preservation; and with regu- and Mixed Use categories. It is clear that there is sub- 42% Less than $50,000 20% Less than $50,000 lar monitoring, Alma will ensure that by identifying issues stantial opportunity for growth in Alma, with the largest Rental or Vacant early, it will be able to maintain historic homes and proper- opportunities existing in the residential areas of town. 10% Rental or vacant ties for future generations. Table 3-1 provides a summary of Alma’s land use/zoning 0% categories by use. AlmaAlma ParkPark County ColoradoColorado Existing Land Use TotalTotalHomes Homes:: Total HomesHomes:: Total HomesHomes:: 225 14,075 2,238,624 225 14,075 2,238,624 There are a total of 571 parcels within the municipal limits of Alma. Sixty percent are undeveloped/vacant; and 373 Figure 3-14. Housing financialHousing status Financial Status Across All Regions

100% 11% 90% 29% 80% 49% 31% 70% Vacant/other Figure 3-12. Number of bedrooms per housing unit Total Bedrooms Per Unit Across All Regions 60% Vacant/OtherRentals 100% 28% 1% 2% 7% RentalsHousing units 9% 50% 15% 90% 6% without a mortgage Housing Units without a Mortgage 19% Housing units 80% 40% with a mortgage 42% 12% 13% Housing Units with a Mortgage 70% 37% 5 or more bedrooms 30%

60% 4 bedrooms5 or more bedrooms 34% 20% 43% 4 bedrooms 50% 3 bedrooms 31% 32% 3 bedrooms 10% 31% 2 bedrooms 40% 2 bedrooms 34% 1 bedroom 30% 1 bedroom 0% 26% No bedroom Alma ParkPark County Colorado 20% no bedrooms TotalTotal Homes:Homes: TotalTotal HomesHomes:: TotalTotal Homes:Homes: 225 14,075 2,238,624 24% 225 14,075 2,238,624 10% 12% 12% 2% 6% 2% 0% Alma Park County Colorado Total HousingAlma Units: TotalParkHousing County Units : TotalColoradoHousing Units : Total Homes: Total14,075 Homes: Total Homes: 225 14,075 2,238,6242,238,624 30 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 31 Chapter 4: Future Land Use CHAPTER 4: FUTURE LAND USE Figure 4-1. Present zoning

Pike Natonal Forest his chapter provides direction for managing their zoning categories, simplifying them for property Pike Natonal Alma’s future growth in an orderly and balanced owners. The new Build-Out Scenarios have been devel- Forest fashion. This comprehensive plan was developed using the new zoning code. M S id . d P l la e oped to work in concert with the Town’s recently updated t F te o It is recommended that the town consider revising its zon- r Alma R k zoning ordinances and ensure that the distribution of land ive ing regulations and adopt a form-based zoning. Formed- Cemetery r uses are consistent with the vision and goals established by based zoning uses appearance and aesthetics to determine Alma’s Trustees and residents. zoning eligibility (e.g., building line, landscaping, lighting, B u Housing recommendations New residential development signage, building size, ckski n developed as part of this building materials, and C re e chapter address several key design). As an alternative, k areas important to sustain a the Town of Alma could healthy and vibrant com- consider using a hybrid Town munity: zoning code that combines of performance and form- • Residential growth Alma based zoning criteria to capacity regulate land use. • Development of hous- The zoning designation is ing types and densities the mechanism that locates • Affordability and identifies a parcel’s Pike Natonal Forest Housing goals and objec- eligible development tives have been developed characteristics. Zoning is with input by residents a regulatory tool that was to retain the communi- developed to: ty’s small-town qualities, • Maintain community provide a balance of jobs character WXYZÐ and housing, support the • Create a variety of uses environment, and address that are consistent social and economic goals to sustain and guide the future with Alma’s existing growth patterns Current Alma Zoning Annexations growth of Alma. Commercial Commercial Property North Southern Annexation • Ensure affordability and access to entry into the market Town of Alma Development of housing in the future should include Government Mine Annexation Tax Parcels • Provide connectivity to open space and trails Highway Light Industrial Placer Valley West Pike National Forest a mixture of single- and multi-family housing options, Mixed Use including accessory dwelling units and “tiny” houses to • Maintain and preserve cultural, historical, and natural Residential resources 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 provide affordability while maintaining Alma’s distinct Miles / neighborhood character. Additionally, new housing • Provide and promote efficient access to and delivery of development should be designed to be compatible with community services and utilities the historic character of the community and the neighbor- • Support economic development hoods in which they are located and to serve the long-term housing needs of the community. Since the 1999 Comprehensive Plan, Alma has updated

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Chapter 4: Future Land Use Chapter 4: Future Land Use *# Figure 4-2. 1999 zoning Figure 4-3. Community resources

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*# *# *# *# *# *# Chapter 4: Future Land Use Chapter 4: Future Land Use

Eligible Land Uses Commercial (C) Mixed Use (MU) Eligible uses and activities are those limited in intensity but Residential (R) Alma’s commercial district is located along State Highway Mixed Use zones are located at the north and south ends are larger in scale than traditional uses found in commer- 9. This area is known as Main Street. Eligible activities of town and provide a transitional zone along State High- cial districts. Research, warehousing, wholesaling, small- The Residential land-use designation allows single-fam- supported in the commercial district are general retail, way 9 from residential to commercial uses. Residential scale production, fabrication, assembly and processing, ga- ily and low-to-medium density multi-family residential sales and services, equipment rentals, entertainment facil- and commercial uses are allowed to coexist within these rage, storage, and governmental facilities uses are permitted uses. Residential densities shall be in accord with Alma’s ities, service stations, lodging, restaurants, bars/lounges, designated areas. Residential uses, especially low- and me- in the light-industrial district. Variances must be approved Municipal Zoning Code (Chapter 16, Article 3, Sec. 16- recreation, groceries, offices, government facilities, banks, dium- density multi-family, are encouraged in these areas by the Town’s Trustees. 3-70). printing operations, mortuaries, and financial institutions. to complement commercial uses such as small-scale retail Light-industrial uses are visually separated from the com- Development of smaller residential units on non-conform- Limited residential uses are permitted and are defined in shops, small-scale medical offices, small offices, neighbor- mercial and residential districts and do not impact residen- ing lot sizes is recognized by the community as an incen- the Town’s zoning code (Chapter 16, Article 5, Sec 16-5- hood cafés, restaurants, and bars, and other commercial tial or commercial uses. Attractive architectural designs are tive to encourage new infill single-family development 30). activities that the development review deems acceptable encouraged but are less important than in the commercial that sustains and promotes the community’s character and to coexist. Commercial activities will be located on the New commercial buildings should be set back from SH 9 and mixed-use areas. New construction must be reviewed legacy. With the Town Trustees’ approval, single-family res- ground level; due to the proximity to residential neighbor- to accommodate sidewalks, landscaping, outdoor seating, and approved by the Town’s architectural board. idential units may encompass smaller lot sizes to encourage hoods, on-street parking will be limited. This zoning type parallel parking, and bicycle lanes. The height and archi- infill development and to allow “tiny houses” (a residential promotes flexibility so developers can work with Alma to Parking and service areas may be located on two or more tectural style of all new commercial buildings must be structure 400 square feet or smaller) in the historic overlay produce a creative and successful mix of uses that enhance sides of a structure. Outdoor storage shall be screened from reviewed and approved by the Town’s architectural review district. Tiny houses must be built slab on grade or other- Alma’s livability and reflect Alma’s character and history. view from adjacent rights-of-way. Lighting is to be shielded, board. wise be secured to the property and not constructed on a downcast, and directed to the point of use. Motion-sensor Pedestrian and bicycle access and use are encouraged in trailer or be portable in nature. Signage for commercial activities should provide a consis- lighting is encouraged to avoid continuously lit storage yards. mixed-use developments to reduce vehicular traffic and tent theme that invites the traveling public to stop in Alma; Accessory dwelling units are allowed on single-family lots promote a safe, casual, walkable environment for residents Form-based Zoning provide clear information about businesses, services, and 7,500 sq ft or larger. and visitors. Attractive landscaping is also encouraged to landmarks; and be located on buildings in a fashion that The standard (use-based) zoning laws and structure were enhance the visitor’s experience. Architectural styles should reflect the historic influences of complement the commercial district’s historic legacy. created roughly 100 years ago in response to problems the Town and must be approved by the Town’s architectur- Architecturally, building designs should reflect the histor- associated with overcrowding in large cities and intrusion Parking areas should be located at the side or rear of busi- al board. Multi-family low- and medium-density residential ic character of Alma and require approval by the Town’s of heavy industrial uses into retail and residential areas. In nesses. Loading docks and service areas should be located unit building heights shall require approval by the Town’s Architectural Review Board. New mixed-use buildings are recent years, many professionals and developers have been in the rear of structures to minimize visibility from the architectural review board to ensure that building eleva- limited to the maximum gross square footage as described frustrated by zoning. The current use-based zoning reg- roadway. Storage is encouraged inside buildings, exteri- tions reflect the Town’s traditional development styles and in Chapter 16, Article 6 Sec. 16-6-30 of Alma’s Municipal ulations make redevelopment difficult by applying stan- or storage should be screened to limit visibility, and the do not obstruct sight lines. Code; minimum lot size for mixed-use development is dards more suitable for suburban areas. Use-based zoning screening technique shall be approved by the Town prior 7,500 ft2 (Alma’s Municipal Code 16-6-40(a)(1)). Build- requirements are ineffective at ensuring high-quality and Other eligible uses in the Residential land-use category to issuing a development order. pedestrian-friendly buildings. Although zoning alone can- include public parks, churches, and other uses compati- ing heights shall require approval by the Town’s architec- All commercial-district lighting, external building lighting, not guarantee good design, it is a significant contributor. ble with the residential character. Uses such as churches, tural review board to ensure elevations do not obstruct and street and parking lighting must use downcast shielded community facilities, and schools shall be developed with sight lines and reflect the Town’s traditional development An increasing number of communities have looked to non- fixtures that minimize lighting scatter and glare in a man- community input and review to avoid non-conforming styles. Motion-sensor lighting is encouraged for use during use-based regulations in an effort to improve the design ner to meet Alma’s Night Sky provisions. Motion-sensor impacts to the community’s character. non-business hours. of sites and buildings, ultimately fostering a more vibrant lighting is encouraged for use during non-business hours. Mixed-use development and variances may be permitted and dynamic experience. Instead of focusing on separating Planned Unit Develpments are allowed in residential areas Variances to Commercial development standards must be in the commercial district with approval by the Town’s uses, form-based codes focus on creating the proper urban with town approval. PUDs must adhere to the develop- approved by the Town’s Trustees. form wherein a mixture of uses can flourish. ment standards established in Chapter 16, Article 9, Sec. Trustees. Alma, Park County, and CDOT should work together to 16-9-10 thru 16-9-60, of the Town’s municipal regula- Light Industrial (LI) Form-based codes excel beyond traditional zoning by ad- develop enhanced traffic calming through the commer- tions. Variances to PUD development standards must be Light Industrial is a very small area in Alma, located behind dressing the role that individual buildings serve in shaping cial district along SH 9. Approaches such as streetscape approved by the Town’s Trustees. Home businesses or the commercial areas on the eastern side of State Highway the public realm. While form-based codes are still fairly enhancements and signage should be considered to slow occupations are allowed in residential areas as long as the 9, that allows uses that serve and provide jobs for the Town new, more than 150 communities across the country have traffic and enhance safety. Alma should also work with activities do not disrupt the community with excess traffic and surrounding area in a manner that minimizes adverse already used them to improve local development projects. CDOT and other groups to increase the prominence of the or parking or cause a nuisance to neighbors. impacts on adjacent uses and the community. Town’s gateways. Form-based codes focus on building form as it relates 36 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 37 Chapter 4: Future Land Use Chapter 4: Future Land Use to the public streetscape and adjacent properties. Form- sional architect or planner. Form-based code is based upon be built at greater density than one unit per parcel. Twen- • Is a logical extension of the Town boundaries based code focuses on more than the use and dimensional a regulating plan that functions similarly to a zoning map, ty percent of the total acreage was deducted from the • Is consistent with Town and comprehensive plan requirements of an individual lot. They also address design except it provides a greater amount of specificity to the undeveloped area to account for roads/access, building policies and orientation, in place of strict land-use separation, as building placement and envelope, public spaces, and block setbacks, easements, and other infrastructure elements a way to achieve a mixture of compatible uses within a dimensions. There is also a section that provides incentives typically associated with raw land development. • Is a benefit to the Town, contributing to sales tax generation, employment base expansion, surplus wa- community. for innovative and socially-conscious development efforts. Growth ter-rights acquisition, unique open space or recreation- As a result, traditional zoning has limited ability to affect From 2001–20014, Alma issued 41 new construction A form-based code can meet community objectives for bet- al amenities, and utility or service upgrades change. Form-based codes are more prescriptive, do a ter and more distinctive design while also allowing more building permits. Forty of these were for residential uses better job of describing the form desired by the commu- flexibility to respond to the changing markets for various (37 for single family and three for duplexes,) and one for • Can be integrated into the Town’s existing or planned nity, and create predictability for both the developer and uses. The code is designed to create a win-win for everyone commercial development. utility, transportation, public safety, and general services system in a financially responsible manner neighboring property owners through clear, concise, and as it inspires economic and social reinvestment. Planning Influence Area (Three-Mile Plan) quantifiable standards. This increase in predictability can The Town may pursue annexations for purposes other than Build-Out Scenarios In 1987, the Colorado state legislature revised munici- spur revitalization by reducing the amount of risk associat- urban development, such as securing land-use control over pal annexation laws, limiting the area a municipality can ed with individual projects. The result is development that The following build-out scenarios were developed to pro- areas identified as open space by the Comprehensive Plan, annex to within three miles of a town’s existing municipal encourages pedestrian activity, quality buildings, and local vide the Town with information that aids understanding or providing for future urbanization of an area in a manner boundary. Additionally, per C.R.S. 31-12-105, munici- investment. of the Town’s growth potential. The build-out scenarios do that is compatible with the Town’s Comprehensive Plan. not have a time horizon, nor do they make assumptions palities in Colorado must have a “three-mile plan” before A form-based code document is much easier to read and Development will only be allowed in areas where it can regarding future annexations. Additionally, the build-out any unincorporated area can be annexed into their munic- understand than a standard code. Drawings and pictures be adequately supported by critical public facilities and ser- scenarios do not take into consideration jobs, water supply, ipal boundaries. The three-mile plan must outline where are used to help explain desired forms, and language is vices such as water, wastewater, storm drainage, transporta- or other factors used to model growth; they are solely municipalities intend to annex and describe how they will designed to be understood without the help of a profes- tion, and fire and emergency services. based on the current land area in Alma’s municipal bound- ensure the adequate provision of services both within the Alma Three-Mile Annexation Planning Areas aries built out at required develop- newly annexed territory and within existing boundaries. Table 4-1. 2016 Build-out Scenario 1 ment density/intensity. All annexations must be in accord with local annexation The proposed land use for the Three-Mile Area Plan is regulations as detailed by the Town’s municipal code Chap- classified into the following three categories: Rural/Rural Category Vacant Occupied Total Existing Potential Scenario 1 depicts Alma’s total lots ter 15 Sections 15-1-10 through 15-1-60. Preservation, Employment Areas, and Residential Areas. Parcels Parcels Parcels Built Build Out by zoning/land-use category. The Alma’s Planning Influence Area map serves as the Town’s Rural/rural preservation Residential 201 172 373 46.1% 53.9% information only identifies whether three-mile plan and includes the Town of Alma and unin- Comprising the bulk of the three-mile area, this land-use Business 103 34 137 24.8% 75.2% the parcel has an existing structure on it and does not depict the property corporated portions of Park County within three miles of category includes open, undeveloped areas that provide Light 10 4 14 28.6% 71.4% the Town’s incorporated boundary. Figure 1-2 illustrates high quality of life and areas for recreational activity. Industrial being built out at its highest and best use to maximize density. Residential the Planning Influence Area and highlights future annex- Employment areas Mixed Use 26 21 47 44.7% 55.3% ation areas being considered. density is developed at one unit per The employment centers are intended to serve as a location Total 340 231 571 59.5% 59.5% parcel zoned for residential use. The vast majority of the area within the three-mile buffer for non-residential commercial and industrial land uses in- Data Source: Town of Alma/Park County Assessor’s Office Forecast by PPACG should remain open space for recreational use. Areas that Scenario 2 depicts Alma’s total clusive of large-scale warehousing, manufacturing, outdoor are developed should be low-density rural residential. An Table 4-2. 2016 Build Out Scenario 2 residential parcels built out at a storage, distribution, and trans-loading facilities. Addition- exception is the area along State Highway 9: the infra- maximum density of four units per al supporting uses could include hotels, restaurants, child Category Vacant Occupied Total Existing Potential structure available along this corridor may make it a better acre. This calculation was applied care centers, and retail. The area that should be considered Parcels Parcels Parcels Built Build Out location for low-density suburban residential development. only to the larger, undeveloped tracts for annexation is: Residential 454 172 626 27.5% 72.5% currently zoned for residential use. Annexations Area A: Commercial Property North is approximately Business 103 34 137 24.8% 75.2% Parcels identified as “occupied” were The Town will consider the benefits and costs of annex- 47.86 acres in size and is located on the north end of Town; Light Indus- 10 4 14 28.6% 71.4% not included. ation of undeveloped lands and existing enclaves of devel- Area A is split by SH 9 and abuts the Town’s boundary. trial The approximate acreage for the opment on a case-by-case basis. Five potential annexation Residential areas Mixed Use 26 21 47 44.7% 55.3% larger parcels is 77.89 acres. These areas are shown in Figure 4-4. Criteria includes whether an This land-use category includes existing rural residential Total 593 231 824 72.0% 72.0% have the potential to subdivide and annexation: neighborhoods, large-lot development, and low-density Data Source: Town of Alma/Park County Assessor’s Office Forecast by PPACG 38 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 39 *#

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Table 4-3. Future annexation areas community, and strengthen the town’s position in attract- Alma must determine Alma’s Main Street appearance of their ing and retaining businesses. However, these efforts must exactly what their econom- property and struc- Square be undertaken within the context of sustaining what Alma ic development issues and tures. Name Acres Miles already enjoys – a tight-knit community with a rich history challenges are, so that specific • Develop a sign or- Area A Northern Annexation 47.86 0.075 and culture. solutions can be developed to dinance to ensure Area B Southern Annexation 115.74 0.181 This Comprehensive Plan provides recommendations for aid in expanding its econom- a uniform and neat Area C Mine Annexation 182.99 0.286 the town to consider in furthering its economic develop- ic base, recruit new business- appearance within the Area D Placer Valley West 954.09 1.491 ment efforts. By identifying and prioritizing its needs and es, and retain existing estab- Town. Area E Placer Valley East 320.24 0.500 lishments. capitalizing on its opportunities and strength, Alma can • Use form-based zoning Area F Near North Annexation 80.45 0.126 identify strategies intended to improve the local economy Alma should highlight and in place of the current and initiate economic growth while maintaining its identi- celebrate its unique location use-based zoning. cluster development. These four areas that should be con- ty and character for future generations. and history by encouraging sidered for annexation are: • Continue to hold community cleanup days for res- Local Economy the preservation of historic structures that define its legacy. idents to clean, repair, and improve public spaces, Area B: Southern Annexation is approximately 115.74 Alma is a product of its location, environment, and his- Civic leaders should work together to develop a campaign vacant lots, and abandoned properties. Focus beautifi- acres and is located on the southern end of Town; Area B tory. The town’s natural features, such as topography and to promote Alma’s location and mountain character to cation and cleanup efforts on highly-visible properties is located on the western side of SH 9 and abuts the Town’s geology, as well as its history, transportation network, and attract new residents seeking an alternative living environ- along State Highway 9, especially at the gateways into southern boundary. The town’s water treatment facility is economic base, have greatly influenced its growth and ment, away from congested resorts and cities. town. located within Area B. development. Tourism and recreation is a segment that Alma can capi- • Increase enforcement efforts of section 7-2-100 of Area C: Mine Annexation is approximately 182.99 acres Economic Development talize on to attract and retain businesses given the town’s Alma’s municipal code prohibiting parking, storage, or on the south/eastern part of the Town, abutting the Platte Economic development impacts a community’s sustain- proximity to 14ers and nearby ski resorts and the Town’s deposition of inoperable vehicles that are unscreened River with access located on SH 9. Annex Area C is direct- ability, livability, and identity. Alma’s civic leaders should mining heritage. Working with local and regional tourism from view from public rights-of-way for a period of ly across from Annex Area B. The Alma Placer Mine, which work with local business owners to determine their needs networks that promote the region, the Town can brand more than 30 consecutive days. Add a provision that is owned and operated by the High Mountain Mining and challenges so that specific solutions can be tailored to itself as a great place for outdoor activities like camping, vehicles must also be licensed and may not be used for Company, is located in Area C. address the challenges they face. Issues like infill develop- hiking, and fishing. storage. Area D: Placer Valley West is approximately 954.09 acres. ment and business development along Main Street (SH 9) Additional tourism-friendly efforts should include: • Modify section 16-11-10 of the municipal code to Area D is subdivided into small to mid-size single family have been highlighted by residents as a starting point for • Encourage development along Main Street with zoning require that recreational vehicles, campers, motor lots. Larger parcels located near or adjacent to SH 9 to the future growth and development. Currently, Alma’s Main that allows for adaptive uses homes, trailers, and other similar vehicles be licensed south may be considered for commercial uses. Primary Street supports a few retail businesses, including a general and operable, or include them under section 7-2-100 access to these properties is from CR 6. store, restaurant/saloon, recreational marijuana shop, cof- • Install bicycle racks in the Main Street business district of the code. fee shop, dress shop, and hydroponics shop. • Develop a campaign to promote the Riverwalk Park Area E: Placer Valley East is approximately 320.24 acres and • Increase enforcement efforts of sections 7-3-10, 7-3- is subdivided into small to mid-size single-family lots. County Given Alma’s size and location, some businesses segments and associated events 20, and 7-3-30 of Alma’s municipal code prohibiting Road 4 provides access to property located within this area. are more suitable to its environment than others. One • Continue to seek funding for the renovations to Alma’s accumulation of refuse on any premises in the Town segment that Alma can capitalize on is tourism and recre- Only Bar, the Ladies Aid Hall, and other historic struc- Area F: Near North Annexation is approximately 80 and outlining responsibility for upkeep and removal of ation. Tourism and recreation can play a significant role in tures acres, much of which is floodplain wetland. This area developing and diversifying Alma’s economic base while si- such materials. would be a good location for recreation and/or residential Goals and Implementation Strategies multaneously complementing its unique mountain culture • Increase enforcement efforts of section 16-5-50, which development. New access roads would have to be built for and scenic natural beauty. Community Character, Design and Identity requires that development in the commercial, mixed- this area to fully develop. Recommendations Improve the Town’s aesthetics to make Alma a use, and light industrial districts reduce the visual Local Economy and Economic Development Alma’s strengths can be found in its residents, unique moun- more appealing stop or destination for visitors and intrusion of parking areas, screened storage areas, and Planning and promoting economic development is im- tain character, and access to a variety of recreational oppor- improve community pride. similar accessory areas and structures. portant in developing and sustaining a strong and vibrant tunities. The recommendations here are a synthesis of ideas • Initiate a Main Street improvement project group. community. It is important for Alma to encourage eco- collected from written comments and discussions with local • Encourage home and business owners to improve the nomic growth, be responsive to the needs of the business business owners, community leaders, and residents. 42 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 43 Chapter 4: Future Land Use Chapter 4: Future Land Use

Continue and enhance efforts to identify, maintain, Land Use and Planning, Housing, Growth • Support infill development on vacant land or rede- unique open space, recreational amenities, or utility or and restore Alma’s historic properties. Management, and Zoning velopment of abandoned structures, and encourage service upgrades. • Continue providing incentives to property owners Ensure that new development and redevelopment rehabilitation of the town’s existing housing stock by • Annexations and associated development proposals for preservation or re-use efforts, such as tax benefits, is consistent with the existing community charac- developing financial incentives for property owners to should be integrated into the Town’s existing or planned ter and Town vision. capital improvements, and restoration funds. maintain and preserve historic properties. utility, transportation, public safety, and general services • Regulate lot sizes, permitted uses, conditional uses, • Continue to identify structures of historical and • Revise section 16-3-50 and 16-11-20 of the municipal systems in a financially responsible manner. and other land-use conditions in accordance with the cultural significance to restore or reuse as community code as needed to allow for tiny houses on platted lots. • Annexations may be pursued by the Town for purpos- current zoning ordinance. Consider evaluating and buildings. • Revise Article 3 of the municipal code to support pro- es other than urban development, such as securing updating the municipal code to reflect current and vision of accessory dwelling units on single family lots land-use control over areas identified as open space • Continue to research and apply for historic preserva- desired conditions. of a size deemed appropriate. by the Comprehensive Plan, or providing for future tion grants and funding opportunities. • Encourage new development within the Town bound- Plan for growth to ensure that future demand for urbanization of an area in a manner that is compatible • Continue to inventory and monitor the condition of aries that is complimentary to existing residential areas Town services can be met and does not exceed the with the Town’s Comprehensive Plan. Alma’s historical structures and landmarks. and neighborhoods. capabilities of public services, facilities, and the • Development will only be allowed in areas where it • Continue to pursue historic recognition of structures • Use form-based zoning in place of the current use- natural environment. can be adequately supported by critical public facilities based zoning. and landmarks in the • Ensure there are adequate public utilities for present and services such as water, wastewater, storm drainage, historic district. • Uphold section 16-3- and future Alma residents and businesses. transportation, and fire and emergency services. 40 of the municipal code, Maintain the integrity of viewsheds in and around • Enhance enforcement of • Work with community representatives to identify spe- which requires duplexes and the Town, as well as the topographic integrity of the Historic Overlay Dis- cific growth problems and solutions. trict Development Stan- multi-family dwelling units the landscape. dards outlined in sections to undergo the PUD process • Work with state officials to ensure that the Town’s Alma wetlands and viewshed 16-4-30 of the municipal before approval in the resi- existing wastewater treatment facility is compliant with code and associated or- dential zone. environmental and other regulatory responsibilities dinances (2003-3 §1 and • Ensure that all properties and has adequate capacity to accommodate future 2011-18 §1) to help deal within Alma’s boundaries growth. Also consider improving the existing system- with vacant or abandoned have consistent land-use and before upgrading to a new facility. properties of historical zoning designations. • Pursue cooperative service, mutual aid, and intergov- significance. Support the development ernmental agreements as mechanisms for ensuring • Continue cooperative Continue to maintain and restore Alma’s historic properties. of a range of housing op- coordinated and well-planned service delivery. efforts between the Town tions that are compatible Consider the benefits and costs of annexation of of Alma, the Alma Foundation, the Colorado Histori- with Alma’s traditional neighborhoods and rugged undeveloped lands and existing enclaves of devel- cal Foundation, the Park County Historic Preservation mountain character. opment on a case-by-case basis. Advisory Commission, and other entities to restore • Use form-based zoning in place of the current use- • Manage future growth and annexation of undeveloped historic properties. based zoning. land to maintain the character of the community and Plan for an efficient and high-quality public services • Revise minimum residential lot area, width, and set- compatibility with existing land uses and natural areas. program. back requirements (section 16-3-50 of the municipal • Annexations should represent a logical extension of the • Pursue opportunities to partner with neighboring code) to better reflect current, emerging, and desired Town boundaries. communities to initiate health care services and pro- conditions. grams for local residents. • Annexations and associated development proposals • Revise minimum commercial lot area, width, and set- • Develop and perform a citizen-based survey to assess should be consistent with the policies set forth in this back requirements (section 16-5-40) to better reflect plan and other adopted Town policies. the needs of area residents. current, emerging, and desired conditions, and encourage strategic development, redevelopment, and infill. • Annexations and associated development proposals should benefit the Town, contributing to sales tax generation, employment base expansion, water rights, 44 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 45 Chapter 4: Future Land Use Chapter 4: Future Land Use

• Use form-based zoning in place of the current use- Economy and Economic Development and state officials to identify joint economic develop- • Initiate the establishment of lodging and hotel-based based zoning. Identify economic development challenges, assist ment opportunities. businesses. • Enforce section 16-4-30 of the municipal code, requir- in economic development and business recruit- Develop and enhance outdoor recreation and other • Support the development of eco-tourism. ing development to be located, sited, and designed ment, and help existing businesses succeed and destination/lifestyle elements to promote tourism. grow. • Accentuate the area’s historical landmarks and build- to be nonobtrusive, blend in with the existing natural • Continue improving existing trails and pathways to ings. environment, and minimize disruption to existing ter- • Continue to pursue high-speed internet connectivity attract recreational visitors. rain, vegetation, drainage patterns, natural slopes, and to increase the Town’s attractiveness to entrepreneurs • Collaborate with the South Park Chamber of Com- • Work with CDOT to improve safety, connectivity, distinctive natural features. and small businesses. merce to promote activities and events to attract and convenience for all users of the State Highway 9 visitors and tourists. • Consider modifying section 16-4-30 to limit the allow- • Inventory existing vacant real estate to determine the corridor. able area of disturbance on a site. availability of commercial land for future development • Enhance existing gateway signage on State Highway 9. • Work with CDOT, USFS, and Park County to develop and help potential business owners identify appropri- • Work with Park County and state officials to devel- • Ensure hillside development is structurally and aes- and/or improve trailheads and hiking routes. thetically appropriate to the property and surrounding ate sites. op directional and wayfinding signage to local and areas. • Form a strong partnership with the South Park Area • Partner with trail and camping groups to develop a town regional tourist destinations, including historic sites, Chamber of Commerce and surrounding-community brand and promote use of Alma’s trails during all seasons. cultural resources, parks and recreation facilities, and • Consider supplementing section 16-12-20 with addi- businesses organizations. trailheads. tional driveway requirements intended to minimize • Develop and maintain visitor infrastructure including site disturbance. • Target the creation of specific business activities to im- access to public restrooms, wayfinding signage, park- • Pursue county, state, and federal funding partners to prove the economy in a sustainable and long-term fashion. ing, parks, and public gathering places. assist in the continued development and improvement Intergovernmental Coordination, of recreational assets. Community Services, and Infrastructure • Survey business owners and citizens to reach a consen- • Pursue management of concession operations at Kite sus on how the Town should develop. Lake. • Continue to work with the Alma Foundation to pro- Support coordination between neighboring com- mote special events in town. munities, government agencies, and organizations • Provide tax incentives for new and small businesses in • Support balanced and responsible natural resource to ensure coordinated planning and improve ser- Alma to help create a more attractive business climate. development that provides long-term benefits for the • Explore the possibility of developing a lodging tax for community and generates revenues to support public vice delivery. • Establish a one-stop business center at the Town Hall. airbnb, VRBO, HomeAway, and other short-term- facilities and services. lodging rental sites. • Continue coordination and interaction with Park • Encourage present and future business owners to main- County, Breckenridge, Fairplay, and neighboring areas Promote in-town parks and recreation assets and tain and improve the appearance of their buildings. events to enhance the local tourist-based economy. regarding growth, development, zoning, and land use. • Develop a recognizable Town “brand” as a marketing • Establish a tourist center to promote the area’s natu- • Continue implementing existing agreements with tool for businesses. governmental agencies and neighboring communities ral recreational opportunities and beautiful natural to maintain regular communication, clearly delineate • Work with local businesses to gain a greater under- features. roles and responsibilities, and promote integrated standing of their challenges and identify resources planning. needed to improve the business environment, job creation, and business retention. • Pursue new intergovernmental agreements to ensure that planning, infrastructure development, growth, • Establish a local business coalition or chamber of and economic development are done in a coordinated commerce to work with local businesses, community fashion among agencies and with the support of the leaders, and officials to develop an economic develop- community. ment strategy and a long-range economic development plan. • Establish a joint development-review process for projects outside of Alma’s town limits but within the • Develop a long-term economic development plan that Town’s three-mile planning area. identifies growth opportunities, funding strategies, and partnerships to develop and implement economic • Pursue cooperative service, mutual aid, and intergov- development activities. ernmental agreements as mechanisms for ensuring coordinated and well-planned service delivery. • Work with neighboring communities, Park County, 46 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 47 *# *#

Chapter 5: Environmental Features & Considerations *# Figure 5-1. Existing and proposed recreational opportunities CHAPTER 5: ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES & CONSIDERATIONS *# *# Montgomery Geography east of Alma on the east side of the South Platte River. Reservoir

Alma is located in the Southern Rocky Mountains ecore- Extensive mining in the 19th century is an interesting part Mount Lincoln gion, which covers approximately 63,654 square miles. of Alma’s history but has also left behind a number of en- Mount Cameron This region extends north-south from Casper, Wyoming, vironmental hazards. Potential mine hazards include open to Santa Fe, New Mexico, and east-west from Grand vertical shafts and stopes, open adits, collapsing workings,

Junction to Denver. The Southern Rocky Mountains is the and ground subsidence above near-surface underground Mount Democrat *# highest ecoregion in North America. The rural, mountain- workings. Most base and precious-metal mines exploited Mount Bross ous region surrounding Alma provides a plethora of op- ores containing a high level of sulfide minerals. When these

portunities for hiking, biking, and off-road excursions. Five minerals are exposed to air or groundwater, they decom- 9! Kite Lake

14,000-foot peaks are situated adjacent to Alma, includ- pose and generate sulphuric acid and heavy metal com- Trailhead/ pounds that can migrate into streams and the water table. ing Sherman (14,007 feet), Mt. Bross (14,172 feet), Mt. Campground Windy Gap/

Because most mines are located high on the mountain, Lincoln (14,286 feet), Mt. Democrat (14,148 feet) and Mt. ñðò Bristlecone Pine Cameron (14,238 feet). Five campsites are located minutes infiltration of polluted mine waters into local and regional *# Scenic Area from town at the Kite Lake campground (Figure 5-1). groundwater aquifers is likely. Proposed

Signage B Historic mining also exploited several minerals that u Climate c k s k contained toxic metals and compounds that now reside in in C r Located at 10,578 feet, the Town of Alma has a subarc- e e mill tailings, mine dumps, and groundwater. These metals, k tic climate, with very cold winters, moderate summers, including lead, copper, tungsten, tin, uranium, and manga- and moderate precipitation. The area’s climate is largely nese, can be harmful to humans and animals if ingested. influenced by prevailing west winds and the north-south orientation of the Rocky Mountains. Flora and Fauna 8 Race in the Clouds The average low temperature in December is 4 degrees; The Southern Rocky Mountain ecoregion is home to a the average high is 29 degrees. The average low in July is 38 diverse array of plants and animals, with more than 184 Beaver Creek Town of 9! degrees; the average high is 70. The all-time record low is species and subspecies known to be endemic to the area. Campground The prevalence of species occurring only in this area is Alma -38 degrees; the all-time record high is 85 degrees. Winter precipitation varies considerably with elevation. Due to largely due to the relative ecological isolation of the region, Alma’s elevation, a large portion of the annual precipitation a recent history of significant climate change, and com- falls as snow. The average annual rainfall in the Alma area is plex topographic and geologic features. The area’s unusual 13.6 inches, while the annual average snowfall is 84 inches. hydrology and geology also contribute to the presence of rare plants and other natural communities. Unique lime- Figures 5.2 and 5.3 are derived from the Prism Research stone outcrops and unglaciated uplands also contribute to Facility at Oregon State University depicting precipitation *# biodiversity in higher elevation areas like Alma. *# Legend and temperature monthly averages over a 30-year period. Existing Bike Path Bicycling !9 Campground Town of Alma Pe With over 270 species of butterflies and 5,200 species of nns Proposed Bike Pathylva Hiking Scen ic Area Soils and Mining nia ñðò 14,000’ peak Cre moths, this region is considered a major hot spot in North ek TransAmerica Off-Highway Vechile Mine Bike Route Highway The Alma area is home to both lode and placer deposits America for these insects. Birds and mammals are also Fishing Race in the Clouds of gold and silver, as well as lode deposits of lead, zinc, abundant in this area, and there are several species of fish, 0 0.375 0.75 1.5 2.25 3 copper, and tungsten. The district is best known for its reptiles, and amphibians present. Miles / gold-silver-lead vein and fissure-type deposits near Alma Figure 5.5 depicts the four major ecoregions within Park and Fairplay. The placer deposits are fairly localized as rich County. The high elevation tundra ecoregion consists of a concentrations of gold in glacial outwash gravel over shale cold, humid, and arid climate with an annual precipitation bedrock. Placers are located between ¼ and ½ mile north- 48 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 49 Chapter 5: Environmental Features & Considerations Chapter 5: Environmental Features & Considerations

Figure 5-2. Precipitation: Monthly 30-year averages (1980-2010) Figure 5-3. Temperature: Monthly 30-year averages (1980-2010) F F F F F F F F F F

)

° °

° ° ° ° ° ° ° F ° ° 0 5 0 0 5 0 5 5 0 5 ( ° 0 6 4 5 4 3 3 5 2

2 1 1 e ------

5 0 5 5 0 5 0 0

5 0 5 4 4 3 3 2 5 2 5 1 1 a t u r e p m e T ) 0 1 0 2

0 8 9 1 (

s e g a r e v A

r a e Y

0 3

y l h t n M o

e r u t a r e p m e T

50 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 51 Chapter 5: Environmental Features & Considerations Chapter 5: Environmental Features & Considerations of 29.5 to 59 inches, primarily in the form of snow, which relief of 984.3 to 1,312.3 feet. Land use of livestock grazing, Figure 5-4. Geology and legend

is mostly removed by strong winds. The terrain consists wildlife habitat, mineral extraction, and recreation exists Qc t3 Qc Qta Q Xm Pm p Xb Pm Qls m Tqp Tmp Qta Pm T of mountain peaks with a local relief of 984 to 1,968 feet. within this zone. Vegetation consists of a variety of com- Qta 1 Y t q C Qac Q m s T Pm Qac Tqpm p mp Xm C Pm m d O T Land use is limited by inaccessibility most of the year. munities: aspen, Douglas fir, ponderosa pine, gambel oak, Xb C Xgp Q m ls Qc Qta ta Q

Q l m YXp Qt1 ls T m q Tmp af Q Xb af p Qls Mountain peaks are typically snow-free for 4 to 6 weeks and piñon pine-juniper woodlands. Borolls and Boralfs Y OCm d Q Qls m D rgf Pm pm P Qac Mount Lincoln Tq Xb Cs #* m Ml d Yq Tqpm Qls Tqp Qrgw P C m during summer, while some portions are perennially cov- soils are derived from a variety of crystalline and sedimen- Pm Cs af Qls l OCm Pm p p M ta am Gulch Qao Tm m

X Qls Q Putn Qa T b d c Q Qls

ta Ml C a ered. Wildlife and recreation are the predominant modes tary rocks under a variety of conditions ranging from cold, #* Dd Cs Qls Q co d Xb Qa d m ta C OC Q Qac D Xb gw Qr Pm l of use with limited accessibility. humid, high-elevation forests to warm, semiarid, low-eleva- Qc OCm OCm m PPmu Cs P T YXp Pm T Qt3 Quartzville Creek m Qls m p

X Qf Xb p g OCm Qls Q tion shrubs and grasslands. g Q a l T p t rg Q s w Qta t2 Xb m m Vegetation such as low-growth shrubs, cushion plants, Q Dd T A' Xb af p T C YXp sqm d ' Section A - A Qc Mount Bross M m af Pm and forbs occur above tree line, starting from 10,826 and Finally, the low- to middle-elevation semi-desert shrub- #* l C Qls A O af T f D s P Qc Q Td T m Qls m T Tqpm C q d f m d Q p Qls Qt3 Td p C Q p extending to 14,000 feet elevation. At the forest-tundra lands are semiarid, with 11.8 to 15.7 inches annual pre- m Q qp f a ta T Pm t s Q l m Xgg Pm Qc Q p Qao l q Xb Moo Qf se Creek Q Xb T m m interface, sparse Engelmann spruce, subalpine fir, limber cipitation. The terrain is a rolling to irregular landscape a C f C P Q Ml s O p q Qc Pm Qls Td T Xb Qls Qls pine, and bristlecone pine struggle to grow in the unpro- of lower- to mid-elevation mountains with a local relief Qa Tqpm O T Pm Td C q m p Xb m f Qls Qrgw M Tqp Q l Qc Q T Qao tected environment. Bristlecone pines (Pinus aristata) are a of 196 to 3,984.2 feet. The land use is suitable for grazing Cs q T l p

s m m

Td Q P p t g m Xp a Xg Pm T m p q h Q P D p

species of pine indigenous to the North American conti- and public build-out, with areas adjacent to large perennial Qls l T s

f T c mw Q q

Q T Qls m Qls Qls Q p

f q g m T P p r p

Q l a Qao q m

g m o P

g M p l m Pm nent found in cold, dry, subalpine conditions, at elevations streams for irrigation. Vegetation consists of greasewood X d O C k D D m Qf c e

Q e Pm r X a Qf

C b T o P of 8,202 to 12,139 feet and mostly at tree-line. A bristle- shrubland, four-winged saltbush, shadscale, and sagebrush, q m r Q p e l 1 l v m Q t s O Q a C ls C Tmp e O Qc s m B Q l P cone pine, which grows high on Black Mountain, Park often interspersed with grasses. The soils are mainly Borolls P Tqpm m T t m Q q a Pm D l T o p q Qc Q l m a ly Q p t l s Pm V mw 0 Q a ls r Q C d County, is the oldest known tree, found to have a 2,435- derived from a variety of sedimentary and crystalline rocks. e Pm a s p m ' n m D C Q G Pm B f u P O lc C h Qf d m Q p a year tree ring record. However, bristlecone pines rarely live p o P q Xb m Q Qa T m Floodplains, Wetlands, and Watersheds a T l Q Tqpm t 2 more than 1,500 years (Figure 5.6). Pergelic Cryumbrept Pm Sawmill Creek Qt1 s m l X Q o P b f Q w a m C B p Qta u Q s q The Town of Alma was established strategically at the cks l and Cryochept soils are formed from crystalline rocks and ki T Cd n C ' T ree q k B p Q - Xb Cs Pm ls B d qp junction of the Middle Fork of the South Platte River and T Qao n D C rock outcrops within permafrost and are coarse and well p s o p D C Qta ti T q d c Qg q T p Xb Se m Qg Qa Qg a Buckskin Creek. The source of the Middle Fork of the OCm mw Q drained. Tmp Tqp l s

Cs l Ml Tsqm Cd m South Platte River sits at more than 12,000 feet at Wheeler P Q Qt2 Dd Cool and moist forests of the middle- to high-elevation mp Qt2 Tm Dp T Qf d Tmp m Y Pm Creek w Lake, just below Mounts Democrat, Lincoln, Cameron, X Cooper Xb p Q Qt2 Mos a ecoregion are cool and humid, with 29.5 to 39.4 inches of p OCm Cd quito Cree q k Ditch and Bross. Buckskin Creek joins with the Middle Fork of T Cs Qta o annual precipitation for most of the subregion, mainly as Qc a Qa Tmd Q o M Qg Qg o Qf Q the South Platte River near Alma. s a Pm ao q Xb f Qao Qt ui Tqp snow remaining on the ground well into summer months. Qc 2 to C r Qao ee Qao k Q In June1996, the Colorado Water Conservation Board Xb Qta t Steep slopes and cliffs form at elevations of 8,858.3 to Cs Qt2 Qa 1 Pm Tmd Qta mw Tqpm Cs Xb identified a 100-year floodplain within Alma’s boundaries. Dp Cd l 10,826.8 feet with the same relief of 984.2 to 1,968.5 feet. M B m pm Pm s w Dd q mw T g C

Q The floodplain extends north-south along the Middle Fork Bald Hill Land use consists of wildlife habitat, recreation, and miner- OCm #* C d QTd d D Qt1 D South Platte River and east-west along Buckskin Creek, as D Qa al extraction. Grazing is limited by climatic conditions, lack p Qte Tqp d T Qao Q q D Qls Qc g p p Qa s of forage vegetation, inaccessibility from excessively steep shown in Figure 5.7. The majority of the Town’s existing C ls Qc Q Qao Qa Qc k development is located outside the 100-year floodplain. ania Cree terrain, and a lingering snowpack. Dense forests are dom- Pennsylv Tqpm Tqp mw QTd Pm inated by Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir with sparse There is also a small wetland area located within the Town’s Qt2 understory; some areas are locally dominated by aspen. boundaries, just west of the Middle Fork South Platte River Rock outcrops, Cryoboralfs and Haploborolls, and loamy (see Figure 5-8). soils weathered from a variety of crystalline and sedimenta- Alma’s watershed extends for a distance of five miles from ry rocks form this region. the Town’s boundaries, as shown in Figure 5-9. Stretching The warm and dry forests of the middle to low elevations from the northwest part of Town, this area encompasses are warm and dry, with 15 to 29.5 inches annual precipita- both the northwestern and northeastern portions of the tion as snow and rain and a snow-free period at least four Buckskin Creek. months. Lower to mid-elevations consist of moderately Locations of hydrologic gaging stations for snowfall accu- steep (5,577 to 8,583 feet) mountain slopes and a local mulation and stream discharge are given in Figure 5.10. 52 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 53 Chapter 5: Environmental Features & Considerations Chapter 5: Environmental Features & Considerations

Figure 5-7. Geology–Legend Although some gages have since been removed, historical tions, lightning storms, and heavy use of open space and data can certainly be inferred from present conditions and recreation areas by both residents and visitors, all of which mw Mine waste (upper Holocene) Qa Valleyfloor alluvium (upper Holocene) seasonal fluctuations. Snowpack and the related snow- increase fire risk. Visitor traffic is of particular concern for Qg Glaciofluvial deposits (upper Holocene) melt water equivalent graphs are given in Figure 5.11, and emergency planning and response, as non-locals tend to be af Artificial fill (upper Holocene) stream and tunnel discharges are given in Figure 5.12. In less familiar with local conditions and emergency response Qf Debris fan deposits (Holocene) the Alma area, the overall flood hazard along streams is low capabilities. Qrgf Valleyfloor rockglacier deposit (Holocene) because peak flows of streams at this altitude are related to Thus, it is important for residents, visitors, and government Qrgw Valleywall rockglacier deposit (Holocene) Town of Alma snowmelt runoff rather than to rainstorms. Peak flows from Qc Colluvium (Holocene and upper Pleistocene) *# agencies to work cooperatively to take precautionary mea- Peaks snowmelt runoff are predictable in timing and magnitude Qt3 Till of postPinedale? age (lower Holocene? and upper Pleistocene) sures and help increase awareness of wildfire risk. Mines and are relatively similar from year to year (Figure 5.13). Qac Alluvium and colluvium; undivided (Holocene and upper Pleistocene) Environmental Quality and Sustainability Qao Alluvium and organicrich sediment; undivided (Holocene and upper Pleistocene) Slopes Qls Landslide deposits (Holocene and upper Pleistocene) Dark Skies Qta A slope analysis for the Town of Alma identified five slope Talus deposits (upper Pleistocene) fault certain Alma’s night-time skies are an incredible asset. Residents Qt2 Till of Pinedale age (upper Pleistocene) categories ranging from zero to over 30 percent, as shown fault approx located have expressed a desire to protect the area’s dark skies by Qte Terrace deposits (upper Pleistocene) fault concealed in Figure 5.13. The flattest areas are generally on the east- adopting exterior lighting standards. In addition to reduc- Qaco Older alluvium and colluvium; undivided (upper and middle Pleistocene) landslide scarp ern and southern portions of town, with slopes between Qt1 Till of prePinedale age; undivided (middle Pleistocene) ing sky glow to preserve dark skies, lighting standards can moraine crest zero and 10 percent. Areas with gentler slopes are generally QTd Diamicton (lower Pleistocene? and upper Tertiary) also reduce impacts from lighting on adjacent property Dotsero Fm. (formerly Peerless Fm.) (L. Cambrian) more suitable for development, with lower economic and Tlw Later white porphyry (Oligocene) Dyer Dolomite Member; Chaffee Fm. (U. Devonian) owners, reduce ecosystem disturbance, and potentially Tqp Quartz monzonite porphyry (Eocene) environmental costs. Leadville Limestone (Mississippian) reduce energy use. Tqpw Quartz monzonite porphyry megacrystic variety (Eocene) 0 Minturn Fm.; limestone beds (M. Pennsylvanian) The central portion of Alma has slopes between 10 and Tsqm Sparse quartz monzonite porphyry (Eocene?) Dark-sky protection can be achieved through zoning or L.r white porphyry (Oligocene) 20 percent, while the northern and western sections have Tmd Monzodiorite porphyry (Eocene?) building code regulations. Zoning laws or codes provide a Mafic Dikes (M. to E. Proterozoic) slopes exceeding 20 percent, making these areas less suit- Tmp Monzonite porphyry (Eocene?) proactive notice that certain uses are limited or prohibited Monzodiorite porphyry (Eocene?) Td Diorite rocks of Buckskin Gulch (Paleocene and Eocene) able for development. Monzonite porphyry (Eocene?) based on the potential for cross-boundary impacts (i.e., PPmu Maroon and Minturn Formations; undivided (Early Permian to Middle Pennsylvanian) Parting Quartzite Member; Chaffee Fm. (U. Devonian) Wildfire Risk and Mitigation illumination spilling over onto an adjacent property). Pm Minturn Formation (Middle Pennsylvanian) Pebble dike (Eocene?) Pml Minturn Formation; limestone beds (Middle Pennsylvanian) Although fire is an important natural process for many Building codes can be used to further protect dark skies by Pegmatite; aplite; and reL.d rocks (M. to E. Proterozoic) PPm Maroon Formation (Middle Pennsylvanian) ecosystems in the Southern Rockies, it also poses a real regulating on-property lighting impacts. Options for regu- Quartz monzonite porphyry megacrystic variety (Eocene) Ml Leadville Limestone (Mississippian) lating on-property lighting include shielding of fixtures, lim- Quartz monzonite porphyry (Eocene) threat to life and property. Over the years, fire suppression Dc Chaffee Formation (Upper Devonian) Section A-A' has altered the character of the landscape and increased the iting the spectrum of light sources, and limiting the amount Dd Dyer Dolomite Member; Chaffee Formation (Upper Devonian) Section B-B' amount of fuel available when fires do start. of light. Shielding of light fixtures is the most effective and Dp Parting Quartzite Member; Chaffee Formation (Upper Devonian) has been shown to significantly reduce sky glow, glare, and OCm Manitou Formation (Ordovician to Upper Cambrian) Park County has a detailed Community Wildfire Protec- light trespass. Limiting lighting to yellow spectrum instead of Cd Dotsero Formation (formerly Peerless Formation) (Late Cambrian) tion Plan that identifies fire hazards and risks based on a traditional white spectrum sources can also reduce sky glow Cs Sawatch Quartzite (Late Cambrian) number of factors. Ignition hazard, or the likelihood of Yqm Quartz monzonite (Middle Proterozoic) significantly. Finally, setting reasonable limitations on the Geologic Map courtesy of the Colorado Geological Survey a fire starting in an area, is relatively low in Alma, largely Xb Biotite gneiss (Early Proterozoic) amount of lighting (e.g., total lumens or number of exterior due to elevation. Fuels hazard is based on the type of fire Xgg Granitic gneiss (Early Proterozoic) Widmann, B.L., Bartos, P.J., Madole, R.F., Barba, K.E., and Moll, M.E., light fixtures) can be quite effective, especially for commer- 2004, Geologic Map of the Alma Quadrangle, Park and Summit Counties, Xph Layered plagioclase and hornblende gneiss (Early Proterozoic) behavior that could result if a fire started and spread in a Colorado: Colorado Geological Survey, Open-File Report OF04-03, scale cial properties. Sky-glow reductions of more than 90 percent given location. Fuels hazard takes into consideration the Xm Migmatite (Early Proterozoic) 1:24,000. can be achieved through a combination of these measures YXp Pegmatite; aplite; and related rocks (Middle to Early Proterozoic) type of vegetation in the area, along with moisture, weath- without compromising safety or utility. Xgp Porphyritic granodiorite (Early Proterozoic) er, and topographical variables, and is also relatively low in the Alma area. Recycling Some Alma residents have expressed an interest in increas- However, the area does have a moderate values-at-risk ing use of the Town’s recycling center. The Environmen- index due to the presence of homes, population, and other tal Protection Agency has a guide called Improving Your assets considered valuable to the community. The area Recycling Program that outlines eight key considerations for also experiences frequent high winds, dry summer condi- recycling programs: 54 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 55 Chapter 5: Environmental Features & Considerations Chapter 5: Environmental Features & Considerations

Figure 5-5. Ecoregions Figure 5-5. Ecoregions–Legend

mw Mine waste (upper Holocene) Qa Valleyfloor alluvium (upper Holocene) Qg Glaciofluvial deposits (upper Holocene) af Artificial fill (upper Holocene) Qf Debris fan deposits (Holocene) Qrgf Valleyfloor rockglacier deposit (Holocene) Qrgw Valleywall rockglacier deposit (Holocene) Town of Alma Qc Colluvium (Holocene and upper Pleistocene) *# Peaks Qt3 Till of postPinedale? age (lower Holocene? and upper Pleistocene) Mines Qac Alluvium and colluvium; undivided (Holocene and upper Pleistocene) Qao Alluvium and organicrich sediment; undivided (Holocene and upper Pleistocene) Qls Landslide deposits (Holocene and upper Pleistocene) Qta Talus deposits (upper Pleistocene) fault certain Qt2 Till of Pinedale age (upper Pleistocene) fault approx located Terrace deposits (upper Pleistocene) Qte fault concealed Qaco Older alluvium and colluvium; undivided (upper and middle Pleistocene) landslide scarp Qt1 Till of prePinedale age; undivided (middle Pleistocene) moraine crest QTd Diamicton (lower Pleistocene? and upper Tertiary) Dotsero Fm. (formerly Peerless Fm.) (L. Cambrian) Tlw Later white porphyry (Oligocene) Dyer Dolomite Member; Chaffee Fm. (U. Devonian) Tqp Quartz monzonite porphyry (Eocene) Leadville Limestone (Mississippian) Tqpw Quartz monzonite porphyry megacrystic variety (Eocene) 0 Minturn Fm.; limestone beds (M. Pennsylvanian) Tsqm Sparse quartz monzonite porphyry (Eocene?) L.r white porphyry (Oligocene) Tmd Monzodiorite porphyry (Eocene?) Mafic Dikes (M. to E. Proterozoic) Tmp Monzonite porphyry (Eocene?) Monzodiorite porphyry (Eocene?) Td Diorite rocks of Buckskin Gulch (Paleocene and Eocene) Monzonite porphyry (Eocene?) PPmu Maroon and Minturn Formations; undivided (Early Permian to Middle Pennsylvanian) Parting Quartzite Member; Chaffee Fm. (U. Devonian) Pm Minturn Formation (Middle Pennsylvanian) Pebble dike (Eocene?) Pml Minturn Formation; limestone beds (Middle Pennsylvanian) Pegmatite; aplite; and reL.d rocks (M. to E. Proterozoic) PPm Maroon Formation (Middle Pennsylvanian) Quartz monzonite porphyry megacrystic variety (Eocene) Ml Leadville Limestone (Mississippian) Quartz monzonite porphyry (Eocene) Dc Chaffee Formation (Upper Devonian) Section A-A' Dd Dyer Dolomite Member; Chaffee Formation (Upper Devonian) Section B-B' Dp Parting Quartzite Member; Chaffee Formation (Upper Devonian) OCm Manitou Formation (Ordovician to Upper Cambrian) Cd Dotsero Formation (formerly Peerless Formation) (Late Cambrian) Cs Sawatch Quartzite (Late Cambrian) Yqm Quartz monzonite (Middle Proterozoic) Geologic Map courtesy of the Colorado Geological Survey Xb Biotite gneiss (Early Proterozoic) Xgg Granitic gneiss (Early Proterozoic) Widmann, B.L., Bartos, P.J., Madole, R.F., Barba, K.E., and Moll, M.E., 2004, Geologic Map of the Alma Quadrangle, Park and Summit Counties, Xph Layered plagioclase and hornblende gneiss (Early Proterozoic) Colorado: Colorado Geological Survey, Open-File Report OF04-03, scale Xm Migmatite (Early Proterozoic) 1:24,000. YXp Pegmatite; aplite; and related rocks (Middle to Early Proterozoic) Xgp Porphyritic granodiorite (Early Proterozoic)

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1. Reinforce communication and outreach – regular com- Over the past few years, cities and towns across the country • Make maps available to land owners, developers, and retrofit noncompliant lights before fixtures become munication helps increase participation and decrease have been implementing campaigns to encourage residents decision-makers to ensure that land-use decisions are inoperable, potentially using incentives. contamination in recycling bins. to pick up their dogs’ waste, aiming to raise awareness of informed. • Consider modifying Section 11-4-50 of the municipal the detrimental effects of abandoned waste on human and 2. Evaluate your markets – evaluate the market pricing • Adopt a wetland and surface-water setback requirement code to remove existing street lights from the list of environmental health. your materials are getting. for future development in accordance with U.S. Army exemptions to Article 4. Research the cost vs. benefit 3. Evaluate your contracts – is your current provider The New Hampshire Department of Environmental Ser- Corps of Engineers recommendations. Waterways shall of retrofitting noncompliant street lights. vices has developed an excellent guide, How to Conduct meeting your needs? have a minimum setback width of 100 feet from the cen- • Modify Section 11-4-60 of the municipal code to limit a Pet Waste Outreach Campaign. The guide contains tips, terline of all rivers, streams, creeks, and swales, or from lighting intensity based on the zoning district and type 4. Modify your collection techniques – consider the loca- suggested activities, case studies, and resources for anyone the high-water line of all lakes and reservoirs. of use. tion and accessibility of drop-off facilities. looking to organize such a campaign. Maintain the topographic integrity of Alma’s land- Reduce the economic, environmental, and social 5. Target non-recyclers – focus on incentives and messag- Sustainable Recreation scape. ing to increase participation. costs associated with natural hazards, first by Millions of visitors recreate in the Southern Rockies each • Implement floodplain management and hillside ordi- avoiding potential hazard areas; second, by ap- 6. Communicate with elected officials – building support year, which presents opportunities for tourism as well as nances to protect the natural environment and charac- plying environmentally appropriate mitigation in is important for program success. risks for ecological degradation. ter of the area. areas that cannot be avoided; and third, by using 7. Support recycling legislation – legislation has been prevention measures accompanied by education While a large portion of the region’s land area is protected • Consistently enforce Section 16-4-30 of the municipal used to provide incentives for recycling and disincen- and incentives for mitigation. land (e.g., Pike National Forest, Bureau of Land Manage- code, requiring development to be located, sited, and tives for throwing away recyclables. ment), significant areas of vulnerable, unprotected land designed to be non-obtrusive, blend in with the exist- • Encourage site design of new development to protect 8. Maintain creativity – keep the program flexible to take remain. Without formalized connections between natural ing natural environment, and minimize disruption to terrain, preserve significant vegetation and scenic advantage of market changes. areas, access to public lands for recreation will remain existing terrain, vegetation, drainage patterns, natural views, and incorporate native trees and shrubs into problematic, and species richness may suffer, even within landscape plans. In small towns – especially in remote areas – the cost of slopes, and any distinctive natural features. protected areas. transporting recycled materials can be prohibitively high. • Consider modifying Section 16-4-30 to limit the allow- • Reduce or eliminate inappropriate development in Cooperative hauling arrangements with nearby towns can A more detailed discussion of sustainable recreation issues able area of disturbance on a site. natural hazard areas to minimize potential harm to life, help defray some of the cost and make a program more and opportunities is presented in the Parks, Open Space and health, and property. • Consider supplementing Section 16-12-20 with ad- feasible. Trails chapter of this document. ditional driveway requirements intended to minimize • Strongly discourage and strictly control land-use devel- Environment Goals and Implementation Strategies Dog Waste site disturbance. opment located in designated floodplains, as identified Some Alma residents have expressed concern that not all in Figure 5-7. Preserve and enhance critical natural areas, includ- Mitigate wildfire risk and potential damage. dog owners in Town are picking up after their pets. Na- ing wildlife habitat and migration corridors, ridge- • Locate critical facilities, as defined by the Federal tionwide surveys show that only about 60 percent of dog lines, steep slopes, wetlands, riparian corridors, • Ensure consistent application and enforcement of Emergency Management Agency, outside of delineated owners pick up their dogs’ waste. Many dog owners don’t and aquifer recharge zones. county regulations requiring minimum defensible floodplain areas. space around dwellings located in areas of high wildfire feel it is necessary to pick up waste in wooded areas and on • Collaborate with Park County, surrounding commu- potential, and regulations requiring wildfire mitigation • Designate development activities to minimize alter- private property, noting that it will eventually biodegrade. nities, U.S. Forest Service, and other stakeholders to Neglecting to pick up dog waste is not only inconsiderate plans for new developments. ation of the natural landscape to the greatest extent protect the area’s important natural resources. possible, thus reducing the potential for slope instabili- but can also negatively affect environmental quality and • Add provisions to Alma’s municipal code to regulate • Continue to pursue property acquisition along the ty and drainage problems. human health. the presence of flammable vegetation and structures Middle Fork South Platte River and Buckskin Creek to Dog waste contains fecal coliform bacteria, which can surrounding structures. • Recognizing that natural hazards cross jurisdictional preserve open spaces and floodplain areas. cause illness in humans and degrade waterways. According Continue to preserve and protect Alma’s dark skies. boundaries, promote planning efforts to foster cooper- to the Environmental Protection Agency, two to three days • Work with mining operations to reclaim abandoned ation and coordination among agencies, neighboring • Strictly enforce Article 4 of Alma’s municipal code, of waste from 100 dogs can contribute enough nitrogen, areas around the community. communities, and organizations involved in the mitiga- which regulates outdoor lighting in an effort to reduce phosphorus, and bacteria to close 20 miles of a bay water- tion of risks associated with hazards. • Periodically review and update maps of critical nat- light pollution and preserve the dark night sky. shed to swimming and fishing. Thus, the EPA has classified ural areas, wildlife habitats and migration corridors, • Consider modifying Section 11-4-40 of the munici- dog waste a non-point source environmental pollutant, wetlands, steep slopes, ridgelines, and groundwater pal code to encourage or require property owners to placing it in the same category as oil, grease, herbicides, recharge areas. and insecticides. 60 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 61 *# *# *# *#

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*# *# *# *# *# *# *# Chapter 5: Environmental Features & Considerations Chapter 5: Environmental Features & Considerations *# *# *# *# *# *# *# *# *# *# *# *# Figure 5-10. Snow and discharge locmap stations Figure 5-11. Snow graphs *# *# *# Discharge Buckskin Joe Station - BUCC2 *# Station - HSPTUNCO Hoosier Pass *# M Station - HOOC2 on Snow Water Equivalent (in.) R tgo Snow Depth (in.) Discharge es me erv ry *# Station - MFKABMCO oir Discharge *# *# *# # Station - * Mount Lincoln MFKBLMCO *# *# *# *# *# *# Mount Cameron *# *# *# *# *# *# *# Q # u * a rt z *# Mount Bross vi *# lle C *# re # e * # *# *# *# k * *# Moo se C !9 Kite Lake C.G. reek *#

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*# *# *# *# *# Chapter 5: Environmental*# Features & Considerations Chapter 5: Environmental Features & Considerations *# *# *# *# *# *# *# *# *# Figure 5-12. Discharge graphs Figure 5-13. Slope *# *# *# Q # Discharge Station (MIFAIRCO) Middle Fork u * a South Platte River in Cubic Feet per Second rt z *# vi *# Mount Bross lle C *# re # e * # *# *# *# k * *# Moo Kite Lake C.G. se C !9 reek *#

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ñðò Bristle Cone Pine *# *# Scenic Area *# *# *# # # * *# Discharge Station (MOSALMCO) Mosquito * *# *# Creek in Cubic Feet per Second *# *# *# *#

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*# *# *# *# *# Sa *# *# cra *# m en *# to C *# *# re *# *# ek *# Discharge Station (MFKABMCO) Middle Fork *# *# South Platte River Above Montgomery Reservoir *# in Cubic Feet per Second *# *# *# *# Legend *# *# *# Slope (Degrees) *# *# *# 0-5° 5-10° 10-20° 20-30° 30-40° 40-50° 50-60° 60-70° 70-87° *# *# *# *# Town of Alma Intermittent Stream !9 Campground ñðò Scenic Area *# *# *# *# *# *# Highway Perennial Stream Summit Mine *# *# *# *# *# 0 0.35 0.7 1.4 2.1 *# *# Miles / *# *# *# *# *# *# *#

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*# Chapter 6: Parks & Recreation Figure 6.2. Existing and proposed recreational opportunities CHAPTER 6: PARKS & RECREATION *# *# Montgomery Figure 6.1. Benefits of recreational opportunities ll across Colorado, towns and cities are capital- Reservoir izing on the benefits of connecting their com- Mount Lincoln

munities to recreational and natural assets Mount Cameron (Figure 6-1). Alma has a wealth of outdoor

assets. Mountains, rivers, lakes, and thousands of acres of forests and fields serve as the setting for Mount Democrat *# recreational pursuits. Scenic views serve as a backdrop to Mount Bross a wide range of recreational opportunities and easy access

to public lands. These are among the Town’s greatest assets

9! Kite Lake and are a primary reason people choose to make Alma Trailhead/

home. Campground Windy Gap/ The wealth of outdoor assets in and around Alma pres- ñðò Bristlecone Pine *# ents a real opportunity to improve the health and quality Scenic Area Proposed of life for residents and to attract visitors that can infuse Signage B

u the local economy with tourism dollars. As additional c k s k in facilities are developed and existing amenities are more C r e e extensively marketed to visitors, Alma will be challenged k

to balance competing interests. Residents have expressed a strong desire to retain the Town’s existing character while simultaneously seeking additional amenities and economic 8 Race in development. the Clouds The social, personal, economic, and environmental ben- Beaver Creek efits of recreational opportunities – especially outdoor Town of 9! Campground recreation – have been well documented through evi- Alma dence-based research. Outdoor recreation boosts fitness, self-esteem, and overall sense of well-being for citizens of all ages. It provides learning opportunities for children and teens and enhances socialization and mobility for older adults. a bandstand, restrooms, skate park ramps, and a disc golf Existing Recreational Opportunities course. *# *# Legend Community Events Popular activities near Alma include hiking, rock climbing, Existing Bike Path Bicycling !9 Campground Town of Alma Pe Alma is a close-knit community, holding regular events that nns camping, fishing, skiing, road and mountain bicycling, and Proposed Bike Pathylva Hiking nia ñðò Scen ic Area 14,000’ peak Cre ek four-wheeling (Table 6-2). There are also a number of in- encourage socialization and interaction among residents. TransAmerica Off-Highway Vechile Mine Bike Route Highway The Alma Foundation is a local nonprofit that improves the Fishing door and outdoor recreational opportunities in Town that Race in the Clouds quality of life for residents in the greater Alma area by pro- cater to families and individuals of various ages. 0 0.375 0.75 1.5 2.25 3 viding projects and activities normally not provided with Miles / In-Town Recreational Opportunities tax dollars. The foundation sponsors and funds recreation, Within the Town’s boundaries, the Alma Town Park, trails and open space, historic restoration, art and cultural located on the north side of the Town Hall buildings, development projects. The Alma Foundation hosts com- provides a playground, picnic tables, a basketball court, munity events throughout the year, including: 68 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 69 Chapter 6: Parks & Recreation Chapter 6: Parks & Recreation

• The Festival in the Clouds: the largest and most • Paint bicycle sharrows through town, reminding bicy- 14,000 feet in such close proximity, the area has become a easterly environments for bristlecone pines in the United popular event sponsored by the Alma Foundation. It clists and motorists to share the road. real draw for hikers seeking to summit one or all of Colo- States. takes place the third weekend in July annually. The free • Install speed tables at crosswalks to further reduce vehi- rado’s 14ers. Recreational enthusiasts from Colorado and Montgomery Reservoir, located north of Alma, stores outdoor art and music festival includes about 25 bands cle speed and improve pedestrian-crossing conditions. beyond come to hike mounts Sherman, Lincoln, Cameron, water for the City of Colorado Springs and also provides and 40 regional artists. The event also features food, Democrat, and Bross. A popular route for climbing the recreational opportunities such as hiking and fishing. The children’s activities, a beer garden, and more. Alma’s economy could benefit from continued and in- latter four peaks in one day starts from the Kite Lake Trail- creased bicycle ridership in the area, as cyclists stop and Wheeler Lake off-highway-vehicle trail begins at Mont- • The Race in the Clouds: an annual 6–18 mile head off County Road 8. spend money in Town on provisions, souvenirs, and gomery Reservoir, following the Middle Fork of the South cross-country mountain bike race that goes through potentially lodging, if it were to be available in the future. Additional opportunities for hiking, mountain biking, Platte River to Wheeler Lake. This challenging route is the greater Alma area. It is therefore important that Alma foster bicycle-friendly cross-country skiing, and snowshoeing are at the Windy quite popular, especially for Front Range weekend trips. • The Ed Snail Race/ Ridge Bristlecone Pine Scenic Area. Bristlecone Pine Mount Bross from Alma Playground streets that make cyclists Desired Parks and Facilities Walk: takes place feel safe, and provide Scenic Area is located atop Windy Ridge at the eastern foot Alma residents highly value recreational opportunities, annually on the third amenities desired by this of Mount Bross. The winds from which the ridge gets its both in town as well as in the spectacular natural play- Saturday in August. client base. name have caused the trees to take on a tilted appearance. The course starts in This area is popular with artists, photographers, and others ground provided by surrounding National Forests and oth- Fairplay, runs along Alma residents have interested in viewing bristlecone pines, which are thought er open space areas. Some residents have expressed a desire the bicycle path, and expressed an interest to be the most durable living entities on the planet. The to see a greater diversity of recreational opportunities ends in Alma for a in extending the exist- oldest-known bristlecone pines have been known to live provided in town, as well as facilities such as a campground total of 10km (6.2 ing paved bicycle path for several thousands of years. Colorado contains the most or hotel to accommodate out-of-town visitors. miles). (between Fairplay and Alma) further north into Drawing of proposed River Walk dock Bicycling Summit County. Such Alma’s beautiful alpine an endeaver could be setting and proximity to completed as part of an numerous tourist attrac- existing plan to develop tions makes it a popular an Alpine Century Bicy- destination for recre- cle Route passing through Alma and other high mountain ational bicyclists, including local fitness enthusiasts, Front communities. Range visitors, and even individuals completing the trek across the country via the TransAmerica Trail. Each sum- Although mountain biking is permitted on many of the mer, a number of ambitious bicyclists ride over Hoosier National Forest Service roads near Alma, purpose-built Pass and through the Town of Alma as part of the TransA- mountain biking trails in the area are limited. There is an merica Bike Route. existing stretch of single track trail starting just north of There is currently a bicycle path that connects Fairplay to the fishing pond, which ends just before reaching Mont- Alma but abruptly ends at the edge of Alma’s town limits. gomery Reservoir. The trail runs roughly parallel to CR 6, This leads to confusing and often dangerous situations for on the west side of SH 9 (see Figure 6.2). Alma residents cyclists as they determine whether to ride in the street or have suggested extending the trail to the north and south, on the sidewalk. Alma could pursue several cost-effective resulting in a continuous trail segment between Alma and solutions to address this issue, including: Montgomery Mill, just past Montgomery Reservoir. Pro- posals have been made for a paved path, a dirt single track, • Continue enforcement efforts to ensure drivers comply or some combination of facility types along this corridor. with posted speed limits. Hiking, Fishing and Camping • Install signage at the end of the bicycle path informing cyclists to merge with traffic. Like many of its Park County neighbors, Alma is an increasingly popular destination for Front Range weekend • Install signage on the road alerting drivers to “share the trips and out-of-state vacationers. With five peaks over road” with cyclists. From Alma River Walk Trail, Fall 2015, Colorado Center for Community Development 70 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 71 Chapter 6: Parks & Recreation Chapter 6: Parks & Recreation Figure 6.3. Riverwalk Trail: Conceptual master plan Ideas for new facilities include: an outdoor swimming pool protect open space and natural areas. Access to public lands including solar, geothermal or hydroelectric heating, as via private property also emerged as a concern during the well as unique amenities catering to adults and children; planning process. and restrooms and an additional playground area near the Land ownership patterns in and around Alma, as in many fishing pond just north of town. Improvements to areas high mountain Colorado communities, reflects the legacy outside of town limits would require collaboration with of Colorado’s mining past. The larger area has a number partner agencies and adjacent landowners. of historic mining towns dispersed throughout a matrix of Alma residents are eager to see the proposed River Walk public lands. This public land matrix is interspersed with project come to fruition. The River Walk will be a combi- numerous patented mining claims, mill sites, and other nation of boardwalk and soft-surface trail and will provide privately-owned inholdings scattered across the landscapes an area for active recreation, as well as an opportunity to near the population centers that once served the mines. highlight the Town’s mining history. The Town of Alma sits amid this jumbled overlay of land ownership. Key features of successful, high-quality recreational infrastructure include physical condition, cleanliness, security, ac- Many private mining claims in this area are crisscrossed cessibility, and parking availability. Long-term maintenance by roads and recreational trails. Although landowners and management plans are as important as initial facility may have allowed the public to cross their property in the planning and design. Thus, as funding opportunities are past, with changing demographics, more and more peo- pursued for trail design and construction, long-term mainte- ple are moving to the Mosquito Range without benefit nance and management needs must also be considered. of local knowledge of historic mining and recreation. As recreational uses increase, the frequency of vandalism and Alma residents have also expressed a desire for additional trespass in some areas is increasing. This has led some land- mountain-biking opportunities in the area. Providing ad- owners to begin posting “no trespassing” signs and closing ditional facilities would also improve the area’s attractive- trails across their properties. ness to visitors, given the growing popularity of mountain biking as a recreational pursuit. The best way to avoid trespassing issues is to clearly mark formal accesses to public lands, while discouraging access While mountain biking is usually permitted on National For- via unsanctioned routes. Clearly describing sanctioned est Service Roads, purpose-built trails provide a more inter- routes to popular destinations on websites and other publi- esting and challenging experience for cyclists. Purpose-built cations can also help avoid confusion. mountain bike trails include features like banked turns, rolling terrain, various types of jumps, and predictable, consistent In some cases, easements may be needed to formalize surfaces that allow riders to flow through the course. routes that are already in use. An easement is essentially an agreement between the landowner(s) and the holder of the Although some Alma residents have expressed concern desired easement as to the character of the intended trail or about the impacts of off-highway-vehicle use, others see it roadway and the rights of each party. After the parties have as an opportunity to highlight the area’s history and have reached an agreement, the easement document is prepared suggested that nearby mining roads could be designated as and/or reviewed by an attorney to ensure that the docu- OHV routes. If such an opportunity is pursued, the items ment appropriately addresses the needs and rights of both discussed below in the off-highway-vehicle section of this parties. After the landowner(s) and the proposed easement plan should be strongly considered, and the associated holder sign the easement, the document is recorded with goals and objectives should be pursued. the County Clerk and Recorder to ensure that future land- Accessing Public Lands owners are informed of the easement. After recording, the Residents who participated in the public process conduct- easement remains in effect even if the land changes hands. ed for this plan highlighted the importance of balancing The Pennsylvania Land Trust Association has several mod- individual property rights with regulations designed to el trail easements available for reference. 72 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 73 Chapter 6: Parks & Recreation Chapter 6: Parks & Recreation

Resource Protection removal of the forest litter layer. Soil compaction and dation and ensure that outdoor areas remain appealing for • Continue to provide additional educational opportuni- the removal of the forest litter layer can reduce veg- other recreational uses. ties for adults and youth. The area’s world-class recreational amenities present etation growth and is a primary factor in accelerated opportunities as well as challenges and responsibilities for Colorado Parks and Wildlife regulates OHV use in the • Continue to provide outdoor performance and gather- erosion rates. the Town of Alma. As these outdoor spaces are promoted State of Colorado. Their website outlines specific require- ing areas for festivals and activities. for recreation, the Town must also strive to protect natural • Trail erosion and compaction caused by off-road and ments, including registration, sound testing, and function- • Continue to encourage and sponsor year-round events resources for future generations and preserve the area’s all-terrain vehicles reduce the quality of recreational ing headlights and taillights if the vehicle is to be operated for families to interact with each other and share ideas rugged mountain character. trails and require additional maintenance to ensure after dark. But with thousands of acres of National Forest related to civic and cultural activities. that trails remain safe and usable. However, OHVs can and Park lands in this region, consistent enforcement of Camping and Trailheads be less impactful to trail and unpaved roadway surfaces existing regulations can be problematic. • Re-establish a periodic community newsletter. Dispersed camping, trespassing issues, littering, over- than larger motorized vehicles attempting rough road crowded campgrounds, and illegal parking have become Although much of the affected land area is under state or • Provide spaces for social interaction and public use travel. problematic in several of the natural areas near Alma, federal ownership, there are a number of strategies Alma that encourage people to intermingle and regularly use including the Buckskin Creek corridor, the area leading to • OHV use has been found to widen and rut forest roads could pursue to minimize negative social and environ- the spaces. Windy Ridge Bristlecone Pine Scenic Area, Montgomery and to increase the sediment load to streams, which mental impacts. Cooperation with Park County and the Improve recreational trail opportunities within the Reservoir, and the Kite Lake Campground. may threaten fisheries. National Forest Service will be necessary to implement the Town. strategies described on pages 76–77. The Town of Alma could annex a portion of the roadway • Wildlife is negatively impacted by the presence and • Continue to work with property owners to acquire leading up to Kite Lake to extend its area of influence and noise of OHVs and snowmobiles. OHVs’ use can have Recreation Goals and easements and property for future trails and other improve its ability to manage parking along County Road a disproportionate effect on animal behavior when Implementation Strategies recreational facilities as needed. compared to other forms of outdoor recreation simply 8. The Town may also consider taking over concessions at Develop and improve cultural and education pro- • Plan and develop a multi-use public trail system, in- because of the distances a single user can travel in a day Kite Lake, but should weigh the costs and benefits of such grams for the community. cluding linkages to the playground and park, Buckskin an action before moving forward. compared to more traditional methods of travel. • Form a volunteer-based committee or appoint the Recreation Area, and the existing bike path along SH 9. • OHV trails can cause habitat fragmentation and lead to The Town will need to work with Park County, the Nation- Alma Foundation to plan and strategize the enhance- • Identify and improve recreational facilities to meet the altered wildlife behavior, including changes in move- al Forest Service, and the Bureau of Land Management to ment of Alma’s historic and cultural activities. present and future needs of Town residents and visitors. develop a more effective management system for natural ment patterns, decreased reproductive success rates, areas not under the Town’s jurisdiction. A permit system and changes in home range. • Promote the Town’s rich mining heritage and culture. • Continue to plan, design, construct, and fund parks, could be used to limit the total number of campers in an • OHV use often conflicts with non-motorized uses, Alma to Fairplay bike path area, while improved signage could help manage parking such as hiking, bicycling, and cross-country skiing. and dispersed camping issues. Extensive use degrades multi-use trails, and noise from Off-Highway Vehicles motorized vehicles compromises the enjoyment of Alma and surrounding areas are a popular destination other user groups. for using off-highway vehicles, including motorcycles, Many Colorado communities have found economic value motorized dirt bikes, ATVs, snowmobiles, dune buggies, in accommodating both motorized and non-motorized 4-wheel-drive jeeps, sport-utility vehicles, and any other recreational activities. OHVs allow many people access to civilian vehicles capable of off-highway travel. In Colorado, the wilderness, and can coexist with non-motorized uses OHV use is not permitted on County Roads. Legal OHV by designating narrower and more ecologically sensitive use is limited to designated trails. trails to hiking and biking while maintaining wider trail OHVs are a quick and convenient way to reach remote corridors for motorized use. destinations. Unfortunately, they can also negatively impact OHV use in Colorado has significantly increased in recent natural environments by damaging trail surfaces, increasing years and is expected to continue growing. Increased erosion, and disturbing wildlife. The following impacts have demand for motorized trail recreation and a decreasing been documented in extensive literature reviews and studies: supply of open space available for the sport has created an • OHVs affect soil and hydrologic function primarily extremely polarizing challenge. Management of this recre- through soil compaction, increased soil strength, and ational pursuit is needed to prevent environmental degra- 74 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 75 Chapter 6: Parks & Recreation Chapter 6: Parks & Recreation

Wildlife sightings are common in Alma Manage access to natural and recreation areas • Work in partnership with trails groups to develop a • Provide consistent information regarding safe and en- to avoid trespassing issues and confusion among central web portal and accompanying smartphone app vironmentally responsible motorized trail recreation. visitors. that map, describe, and promote trails for all seasons. • Coordinate information dissemination among land • Provide consistent and well-maintained signage inform- Promote and encourage responsible use of recre- managers, law enforcement agencies, dealers and man- ing users when they are passing through private land. ational facilities and natural areas. Use recreational ufacturers, and local clubs and riders. opportunities and facilities to increase environ- • Identify, acquire, and improve access to recreational mental awareness and stewardship. • Ensure that trails and access areas are appropriately corridors throughout the Town and in adjacent areas. marked to provide information, education, orientation, • Disseminate information via signage, maps, and the • Require that all development applications or annex- and safety. Well-marked trails will help prevent users web about appropriate use of facilities. ation proposals for property adjacent to public lands from going off-trail and impacting sensitive areas. The take special steps to ensure appropriate public access is • Develop informational materials, signage, and inter- National Forests in Florida have an excellent resource maintained, improved, or limited, as appropriate. pretive sites to help people better appreciate their available for developing a sign plan for motorized trails. surroundings and understand proper use and care of • Identify all key access points to public lands and pri- • Close trails to off-highway vehicle use during critical the sites. oritize those to be acquired, maintained, or improved. wildlife mating, nesting, and migration periods. Use a variety of techniques such as development • Add signage informing the public of appropriate uses in • Work to strengthen state laws and off-highway vehicle incentives, acquisition of development rights, and do- an area, including camping allowance, use of motorized regulations to deter illegal riding, and expand enforce- nation or creation of access easements to preserve and vehicles, and potential threats to natural communities. ment efforts. enhance access. Prioritize pedestrian and bicycle facilities through open spaces, and trails as an integral element of the Use recreation facilities and opportunities as a tool Town. Town’s budget. for economic development and to attract visitors. • Improve signage and maintenance of current bike trail Develop new facilities to accommodate year-round recreation and leisure activities for all members of • Build and improve trails designed to connect commu- system to improve safety and deter motor vehicles. the community. nities to each other and attract year-round recreational • Create pedestrian links between parks, biking trails, visitors. • Construct or re-use an existing structure for a recre- recreation areas, residential areas, and businesses. ation and community center. • Maintain, enhance, and develop visitor infrastructure, • Improve safety, connectivity, and convenience for cy- including restrooms, wayfinding signage, parking, pub- • Continue to upgrade and expand the Alma Playground clists and pedestrians in and around the Town. lic parks, and public gathering places. and Park, including improving nearby vacant areas to • Work with CDOT to prioritize pedestrian corridors be used for social activities. • Implement strategies to generate new recreational busi- and crossings along State Highway 9. ness opportunities. • Determine siting and construction requirements for a • Install bicycle parking close to the main business district. • Promote recreational opportunities in and around Town observatory. Work with state agencies and neighboring jurisdic- Alma via signage, the web, maps and other venues. • Acquire vacant property to use for historic and com- tions to manage the use of off-highway vehicles. • Improve gateway signage at the north and south en- munity activity sites. • Designate off-highway vehicle riding trails that are de- trances to the city and develop tourist-oriented direc- Use strategic partnerships and programs to im- signed, constructed, maintained, and managed specifi- tional signage and wayfinding to historic sites, parks prove and expand recreational opportunities in cally for the use. OHV trails may still need to be closed and recreation facilities, open space, trail connections, and around Alma. after significant rain or snow events until dry enough to and cultural resources. • Build partnerships with other jurisdictions, districts, avoid degradation. landowners, and agencies to provide seamless trail con- • Work with CDOT to add signage along SH 9 inform- nections to public lands and other key locations. ing travelers of recreational opportunities, including Montgomery Reservoir, Montgomery Mill, the water- • Pursue sources of funding, such as Colorado Blueprint fall, and nearby trails, among others. 2.0, that could augment the Town’s budget to expand, improve, and acquire public spaces. • Develop and distribute maps and promotional materials to guide tourists to attractions and businesses.

76 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 77 Chapter 7: Transportation

CHAPTER 7: TRANSPORTATION Figure 7-1. Road network

F o r e E s t d P ir S riv Alma us C g at Magn e e e Cemetery w WXYZÐ r tate Highway 9 serves as the Town of Alma’s main average volume of vehicular traffic on an average day. Rd v o i o c d e

street, running north-south for approximately one AADT is a useful and simple proxy for the level of con- R R d d

mile through the town. The roadway is a two-lane gestion on a roadway, and a starting point for determining 6 6 minor arterial under the jurisdiction of the CDOT level of service. AADT on SH 9 through Alma in 2014 was 5 Region 2 North program. Approximately 3,000 3,700 vehicles and is projected to increase to approximate- Mercury Hill Rd B feet of sidewalks have been installed along each side of SH 9 ly 8,500 vehicles by 2050. Also important is the type of ve- u t ckski S th P 5 i in the business district of town. The speed limit through Alma hicle on the highway. In 2014, approximately six percent of n n C e r ee S is 30 miles per hour, there are no truck restrictions on the traffic was truck traffic moving goods. The ratio of freight k t A s M highway, and there are no traffic signals or pedestrian warning to car traffic is forecast to increase slightly. P p id ri e d va n le t systems. Parallel parking is permitted on SH 9 through the te S S F d o Level of Service & Congestion R t 2n r d Town N k business district. . S of O o Alma u Traffic is not distributed evenly throughout the day. Figure a th k St P The areas west and south of Town are served by County B n u S ki la c t ks t 7.2 shows traffic count volumes by hour from 2014. There k uc te Roads 8, 10, and 19. County Roads 4 and 6 serve serve sk B R in ive are directional peak periods at 7:00 am northbound and S adjacent rural residential communities just north of town. t r 5:00 pm southbound. These 2014 volumes translate into on es n ob With the exception of State Highway 9, Alma’s 4.5 mile niga R t Level of Service A, which is a good uncongested level. lan SS F r S in Ci p O local street network is unpaved. Although many Alma r a g Forecast traffic in 2050 is approximately 570 vehicles per u k R le c S t e t d o p A S n ru residents have expressed a preference for retaining unpaved lane in one hour. This is Level of Service C, also a good s t h W p rt e e o t a n d v N S local streets, there is some interest in paving Buckskin y R A C level of service. Although SH 9 is designed to handle these l t h il s i H 1 d s Street (County Road 8) between SH 9 and the Town Hall; n e h rk 2 v l forecasted daily-traffic levels, traffic volumes during peak a o P A m County Highway 6 from Alma to Beresford Crossing; travel periods, especially at school pickup and discharge W y Highway 4 between the bottom of the pass and Nuthatch times, may be unsatisfactory from a resident’s or pedes- C o u Road; and Beresford Crossing. Co n trian’s perspective, especially as it relates to crossing the u t nty y R d R 10 highway. Using standard congestion measures, the volumes Cou d Transportation conditions in Alma vary considerably nt y Rd 1 12 9 between seasons. During the winter, Alma is primarily a on SH 9 will need to approach 1,000 vehicles per hour be- Adventure Rd pass-through community for tourists going to ski areas fore it begins to experience congestion. As traffic increases, County Rd 12A Gold Run Rd in Summit County. During this time, Alma experiences Alma and CDOT will need to consider additional traffic control measures to allow people and vehicles to cross SH Legend increased traffic on SH 9 on weekends and holidays. The Roads Zoning Hydrology Commercial Town of Alma spring and summer months bring increased traffic in town 9 in order to maintain traffic circulation and improve driver Unimproved Lakes Graded & Drained Government County and pedestrian safety. Residents have also noticed that SH Perennial Stream from hikers, backpackers, and weekend visitors seeking to Soil, Gravel or Stone Light Industrial Private 9 is increasingly a reliever route for congested Interstate Paved Intermittent Stream experience the natural beauty and extensive recreational USFS 70. This happens at irregular intervals and may be tied to Bicycle Path Mixed Use opportunities in the area. With the increase in visitors Residential during the spring and summer months, parking becomes crashes or weather on I-70. 0 0.075 0.15 0.3 0.45 Miles / problematic for residents. Visitors park in undesignated Public Transit and areas, along neighborhood streets, and on the shoulders of Transportation Alternatives SH 9 and County Roads 8 and 12. Alma’s residents have There is no transit service available to the residents of Alma identified parking issues as an important item to address. or Park County at this time. The provision of bus and/or Annual Average Daily Traffic Count shuttle services is an important element that would support Traffic counts are regularly conducted by CDOT at lo- the future growth and sustainability of Alma and surround- cations just north and south of Alma’s town boundaries. ing communities. Providing transportation options is essen- Annual average daily traffic (AADT) represents the total tial to ensure that residents have a high quality of life, with 78 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 79 Chapter 7: Transportation

Figure 7-2. Average vehicles per hour on State Highway 9 RESOURCES

450 400 350 Association of Pedestrian and Bicycle Professionals, “Es- Park County Wildfire Coalition, “Community Wildfire 300 sentials of Bike Parking,” http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www. Protection Plan 2009,” http://www.parkco.us/Document- 250 Northbound apbp.org/resource/resmgr/Bicycle_Parking/Essentialsof- Center/Home/View/213 200 Southbound BikeParking_FINA.pdf 150 Total Daily Pennsylvania Land Trust Association, “Trail Easements,” 100 50 Form-Based Code Institute, “Form-Based Codes Defined,” http://conservationtools.org/guides/140-trail-easements 0 http://formbasedcodes.org/definition/ 0 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Improving Your AM AM AM AM AM AM AM AM AM AM AM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM National Forests in Florida, “Sign Plan for Motorized Recycling Program,” https://archive.epa.gov/region4/ Trails,” http://atfiles.org/files/pdf/OHV-Sign-Plan-FL- rcra/mgtoolkit/web/html/improving.html access to employment, shopping, non-emergency medical Coordinate transportation facility planning, design, USFS.pdf services, social functions, and recreational pursuits. A shuttle and provision with land-use planning. New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, service to nearby resorts would benefit existing employees • Work with developers to ensure that streets safely and “The Inside Scoop: How to Conduct a Pet Waste Outreach and residents seeking employment. A shuttle service could efficiently accommodate a range of travel modes for pe- Campaign,” http://www.dlanc.org/sites/dlancd7.local- also assist in reducing congestion in the town. destrians and a network of designated paths and routes host/files/Pet%20Waste%20Campaign%20info.pdf Transportation Goals and for bicyclists. Implementation Strategies Coordinate transportation planning efforts with Improve existing transportation infrastructure in other government entities, including CDOT and an efficient and cost-effective manner. Park County. • Create pedestrian links between park, biking trail, rec- • Work with CDOT to maintain SH 9 in a way that reation areas, residential areas, and businesses. meets Alma’s circulation and access needs in a safe, economical, and efficient manner. • Provide safe, convenient bicycle parking along Main Street to encourage cyclists to stop in Alma. Bicycle Provide alternative transportation options for residents and visitors travelling to Alma and surround- parking should comply with the guidelines outlined in ing cities. the Association of Pedestrian and Bicycle Professionals (APBP) guide, Essentials of Bike Parking. • Work with the State, Park County, adjacent commu- Work with CDOT and other stakeholders to main- nities, and businesses to request grand funding to tain and improve SH 9 and the local street network develop a shuttle/vanpool service to serve Alma and to provide a safe environment for motorists, pe- surrounding communities, including Breckenridge and destrians, and cyclists. Fairplay. • Continue enforcement efforts to ensure drivers comply • Establish relationships with mountain resorts and oth- with posted speed limits. er large employers in neighboring cities to provide bus service to Alma residents going to work. • Work with CDOT and Park County to develop additional pedestrian crossings across SH 9. Support the provision of off-street parking on local/side streets. • Install signage at the end of the bicycle path informing cyclists to merge with traffic. • Pursue opportunities to acquire vacant lots in the business district for public parking and snow storage. • Install signage on the road alerting drivers to “share the road” with cyclists. • Work with local business owners to develop options for parking in the business district. • Work with CDOT and Park County to add signage and/or sharrows to clarify where bicyclists should • Provide clear signage along Main Street directing driv- travel through town on SH 9. ers to designated parking areas. 80 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 81 Appendix 1 APPENDIX 1

Page 74- has a bunch of negative things about OHV use but it doesn’t list any of the positives Alma Comprehensive Plan Public Comments • OHVs have a lighter footprint and create less damage to Jeep roads and trails than standard passenger vehicles attepting rough road Comment Staff Response travel • OHV’s disturb big game less than do hikers accompanied by dogs. Text on page 69 modified to read: "Alma residents have expressed an interest in ig gae having their instinct to flee activated ore by potential extending the existing paved bicycle path (between Fairplay and Alma) further Several people mentioned that we should mention connecting a bike predators on foot than vehicle because vehicles are not seen as 1 north into Summit County. Such an endeavor could be completed as part of an ullet point odified to read Trail erosion and copaction caused by off-road path to Summit County to bring in tourists from Breckenridge potential predators. existing plan to develop an Alpine Century Bicycle Route passing through Alma and all-terrain vehicles reduce the uality of recreational trails and reuire • OHV travel on extremely rough roads is more ecologically and other high mountain communities." additional aintenance to ensure that trails reain safe and usable. However, responsible than standard vehicles. tandard vehicles needing to fan OHVs can be less ipactful to trail and unpaved roadway surfaces than larger around rough areas to ake it through rough parts widening the trail otoried vehicles attepting rough road travel. Paragraph tet odified to Bullet point on page 79 modified to read: "Work with the State, Park County, 10 • OHVS being designed for rough terrain are far less likely to read Many olorado counities have found econoic value in Several people mentioned that we should work on a grant for a bus to adjacent communities, and businesses to request grand funding to develop a accidentally spill vehicle fluids on standard vehicles 2 accoodating both otoried and non-otoried recreational activities. Breckenridge. Apparently the bus service they had was very popular. shuttle/vanpool service to serve Alma and surrounding communities, including • The golden horseshoe recreation area outside of Breckenridge is a OHVs allow any people access to the wilderness, and can coeist with non- Breckenridge and Fairplay." great eaple of how otoried use including OHV can coeist with otoried uses by designating narrower and ore ecologically sensitive trails to nootoried uses such as ountain biking and hiking by designating Text added on page 73 noting: "In Colorado, OHV use is not permitted on hiking and biking while aintaining wider trail corridors for otoried use. 3 OHV access wanted on CR 6,4, Mosquito Pass C1 National Forest the saller and ore ecologically sensitive trails for hiking and biking County Roads. Legal OHV use is limited to designated trails." while aintaining larger trails for otoried use. Text added on page 73 noting: "In Colorado, OHV use is not permitted on • Many Colorado communities have found that having a healthy mix 4 OHV should be off public roads and on trails. County Roads. Legal OHV use is limited to designated trails." of otoried and non-otoried activities brings ore econoic value than a non-otoried focus aloe. OHVs allow any people access to the wilderness that would otherwise be ecluded including Pg. 14 Economy & Economic Development- add bullet- work with the elderly, those with physical disabilities and failies with young 5 local entrepreneurs and businesses in promoting activities that bring Recommendation on page 15 modified to reflect this comment. children. guests to Alma such as camping, hiking, biking and OHV

Pg. 15- “Develop and enhance outdoor recreation…” Add bullet under Page 75- Please add bullet under “use strategic partnerships” CDOT- work with Park County regulators and private landowners to i. Work with park county regulators and private land owners to allow Text added on page 73 noting: In Colorado, OHV use is not permitted on County 6 allow OHV access from the Town of Alma to surrounding popular OHV 11 OHV access fro the Town of Ala to surrounding popular OHV ullet added. Roads. Legal OHV use is limited to designated trails. routes like Wheeler Lake, Windy ridge, Mosquito pass and Beaver routes like Wheeler ake, Windy ridge, Mosuito pass and eaver Creek via county roads 4, 6, 8 & 12 reek via county roads , , 12

ignage- ost people even locals, do not know about the fishing Pg. 20- “Manage access to natural…” Add bullet work with National 12 pond, Montgoery reservoir ill, the water fall or trails beyond the Tet in chapter updated to reflect this suggestion. Forest and private landowners to provide designated and well- upper lakes 7 maintained camping spots using FS, private land and town owned Bullet added, page 21. property. Allowing more camping enthusiasts to make Alma and its surrounding areas their camping destination. oplete the single track hikingbiking trail fro fishing pond to ecreation ap igures 5.1 and .2 and tet in chapter updated to reflect 1 Ala, and fro pond to waterfallill these suggestions. Tet on Page now reads There is an eisting stretch of single track trail starting ust north of the fishing pond, which ends ust before Bullet point modified to read: Designate off-highway vehicle riding trails that Pg. 22 Top left under “close OHV after rain” Add bullet- work to reaching Montgoery eservoir. The trail runs roughly parallel to , on the are designed, constructed, maintained, and managed specifically for the use. 8 improve trails by identifying and correcting drainage issues to Make a paved bike lane for Ala to Montgoery reservoir, connect west side of H see igure .2. Ala residents have suggested etending the OHV trails may still need to be closed after significant rain or snow events until minimize OHV impact during times of heavy precipitation. to paved trail fro Ala to airplay eisting trail Note nobody likes trail to the north and south, resulting in a continuous trail segent between dry enough to avoid degradation. 1 the current airplay paved bike trail because nobody likes to ride Ala and Montgoery Mill, ust past Montgoery eservoir. Proposals have alongside Highway , the trail should be along the river far fro the been ade for a paved path, a dirt single track, or soe cobination of facility Add bullet under “work to strengthen…” Work with local, county and highway. types along this corridor. state regulators to promote responsible OHV use in Alma and 9 surrounding areas to gain the substantial economic benefits of OHV Bullet added. id playground with swings at the fishing pond note placer valley destination tourism while preventing/minimizing potential 15 Tet in chapter updated to reflect this suggestion. hoe owners association has agreed to possibly fund this playground. environmental impacts Public restroo at the fishing pond this should be national parks 1 Tet in chapter updated to reflect this suggestion. service.

Tet added page there is soe interest in paving uckskin treet ounty Pave Highway fro Ala to eresford rossing. Pave Highway oad between H and the Town Hall ounty Highway fro Ala to 1 fro botto of the pass to Nuthatch oad. Pave eresford rossing. eresford rossing Highway between the botto of the pass and Nuthatch oad and eresford rossing.

82 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 83

82 Appendix 1 Appendix 1

age 1, th paragraph- This person thinks that cooperative efforts lma Oasis- Outdoor public simming pool at lma playground 2 Text added on page 7 deas for ne facilities include an outdoor simming Tet has been updated to reflect this comment. downtown. This should have an adult side and children’s side. The should also be with the South ark ational eritage Area pool including solar geothermal or hydroelectric heating as ell as uniue adult side should have lounges restaurant bar. id side should have amenities catering to adults and children and restrooms and an additional 2 age 1, th point on right side- typo with word ‘lodging’ Tet has been corrected. aterslide splash pool and kiddy pool. The hole complex should be playground area near the fishing pond ust north of ton. mprovements to a destination spot , the “Alma Oasis” not just a boring public pool. age 27-2- several of the graphs need to be fied to show areas outside of ton limits ould reuire collaboration ith partner agencies 27 raphs have been fied. ote this pool could be solar heated geothermal or hydroelectric. percentages and adacent landoners. etractable dome cover for inter or drain and close. One person commented that the town needs free public wifi so that 2 Suggestion added on page 12 of report document. drivers will stop. The seer plant is necessary but it could be screened better. Maybe 2 hoto on page 7 of incoln ine was from Summit ount. eplaced with a historic photo of a th of ul celebration in Alma. something like a line of aspen trees or bushes or installing slats onto hurch depicted on page has alread been converted into a the chain link fence ith color to disguise hide it a little better. 0 Tet has been updated to reflect this comment. communit center. Maybe some volunteers could paint an lma-specific mural on the Text added on page of report to address this suggestion. fence. berm has been placed along part of the plant. This blocks the There is onl one health clinic located in airpla, with no pharmac 1 Tet has been updated to reflect this comment. vie but isnt the best visually it makes it look like part of the mine services available. across the highay. Alma alread has fied wireless broadband available on a limited 2 Tet has been updated to reflect this comment. basis. also think the tons image is reduced by some of the unpainted buildings ith severe eathered ood. understand most of these Alma alread holds two communit cleanup das each ear. Tet has been updated to reflect this comment. are private property but their visage reduces the image of the ton and indirectly the property values of others. t M be orth ullet added ork with OT to add signage along S informing travelers of Add signage along S for ontgomer ill, the waterfall, and other considering a reuirement for property oners along the highay to ecommendations under Community Character esign and dentity address recreational opportunities, including ontgomer eservoir, ontgomer ill, paint or stain their buildings in an appropriate color i.e. not orange the appearance of properties and identify opportunities to help restore historic recreational opportunities. the waterfall, and nearb trails, among others or pink or purple or neon green etc. Some oners may not have the properties in disrepair. Ongoing community cleanup days are also funds to do so maybe a committee of volunteers could do the ork recommended. One resident disagreed with the suggestion to develop a lodging ta ecommendation was alread worded ver loosel eplore the possibilit ith either donated materials or materials provided by the ton. The adies Hall historic building and possibly other buildings could get for airbnb and similar rentals. of…") so no changes were made. funds from the state historical group actual name escapes me for this. atural gas is available to Alma residents. Tet has been updated to reflect this comment.

7 Add Alma watershed area to igure -. Added to map.

There are a fe buildings in great disrepair and one that that is half Add 100-foot buffer to uckskin reek, igure 2-1. uffer added to map. demolished and needs completion ... complete replacement or demolishing. lso a fe of these buildings have indo and doors Add specific area east of townS to Anneation map. Area added to igure -, otential Anneation Areas. covered ith plyood or broken indos. gain it M be orth ecommendations under Community Character esign and dentity address considering a reuirement for property oners along the highay to 0 Several businesses listed in igure 1 have closed. ist of businesses revised to reflect new information. the appearance of properties and identify opportunities to help restore historic replace these ith actual doors indos even if the indos are properties in disrepair. Ongoing community cleanup days are also Alma does not have oning for mobile homes. obile home oning categor removed from igure -2. painted black for security. nd alternate may be to use trompe loeil 1 recommended. openings similar to that used the the Cumbres Toltec ailroad at a station along their line. gain a group of volunteers could help ith this. Something similar as done to preserve the Magnolia Mine last summer plyood that had been painted by school children.

eport already included recommendations to increase enforcement efforts of There is a spot on the south side here someone has accumulated a Sec. 7-2-100 of Alma’s municipal code prohibiting parking, storage, or number of automobiles. hile most appear to be in good condition deposition of inoperable vehicles that are unscreened from vie from public there is a lot of groing up along them. nother area here it M rights-of-ay for a period of more than consecutive days. eport also be orth considering a reuirement for property oners along the suggests adding a reuirement to the municipal code that recreational vehicles highay to limit the number of these autos alloing for a fe to be campers motor homes trailers and other similar vehicles be licensed and parked along the highay for sale. operable.

The only other comment had as on advancing the availability of high speed nternet into the area. understand that a number of people are orking on this but the process has been slo and Text added on page of report document describing ongoing initiatives to progress has been limited. Perhaps the ton should look into advance high speed nternet in lma. advancing alternate methods such as a special improvement district or some sort of publicprivate entity to get things moving.

Page 4 last paragraph- This person likes the idea of establishing a local business coalitionchamber of commerce ithin lma and thinks 4 Text has been updated to reflect this comment. that the South Park Chamber of Commerce is not that important to include

84 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 Alma Comprehensive Plan 2016 85