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Sæsonmæssig Og Substrat Variation I, Samt Betydningsfulde Miljøvariabler for Den Danske Gødningsbillefauna

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Sæsonmæssig Og Substrat Variation I, Samt Betydningsfulde Miljøvariabler for Den Danske Gødningsbillefauna Speciale: Sæsonmæssig og substrat variation i, samt betydningsfulde miljøvariabler for den danske gødningsbillefauna Master Thesis: Seasonal and substrate variation in, and important environmental variables to the Danish dung beetle fauna Maja Møholt – 20092119 Institut for Bioscience – Biodiverstet, Aarhus Universitet September 2016 0 1 Datablad Projekt: Specielt, kandidat i biologi Omfang: 60 ECTS Danske titel: Engelsk titel: Forfatter: Maja Møholt, 20092119 Institution: Aarhus Universitet, Institut for Bioscience Vejleder: Rasmus Ejrnæs, Institut for Bioscience, Aarhus Universitet Morten D.D. Hansen, Naturhistorisk Museum, Aarhus Afleveret: Forsvares: 20. september 2016 Censor: Philip Francis Thomsen Assisterende professor Center for GeoGenetik Danmarks Naturhistoriske Museum København Universitet Nøgleord: Dung beetles, Management, Biodiversity, Seasonality, Dung, Environment, Geotrupidae, Aphodius Refereringsstil: Som i Oecologia Forside: (billede tage af??) Antal sider: 92 2 3 Indholdsfortegnelse Datablad ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 Forord ................................................................................................................................................................ 6 læsevejledning .................................................................................................................................................. 6 Tak ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Resumé .............................................................................................................................................................. 8 Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................. 9 Synopsis: .......................................................................................................................................................... 10 Definition af gødningsbiller ........................................................................................................................ 12 Gødningsbillernes biologi og økologi ......................................................................................................... 12 Dette studie ................................................................................................................................................. 14 Manuskript: ..................................................................................................................................................... 16 Indledning ................................................................................................................................................... 18 Materialer og metoder ............................................................................................................................... 20 Undersøgelsesområde ............................................................................................................................ 20 Dataindsamling ....................................................................................................................................... 22 Miljøvariabler .......................................................................................................................................... 23 Analyser ................................................................................................................................................... 25 Resultater .................................................................................................................................................... 30 Artssammensætning ............................................................................................................................... 32 Individantal ............................................................................................................................................. 37 Artsrigdom .............................................................................................................................................. 38 Rødlistede arter ...................................................................................................................................... 38 Diskussion ................................................................................................................................................... 39 1. Repræsenterer min indsamlingsmetode den danske gødningsbillefauna? ................................. 39 2. De økologiske faktorers betydning for gødningsbillesamfundet .................................................. 39 3. Årstidsvariation og gødningspræferencer ..................................................................................... 41 Forvaltning af gødningsbiller .................................................................................................................. 43 Perspektivering ....................................................................................................................................... 44 Litteraturliste .................................................................................................................................................. 46 Bilag ................................................................................................................................................................. 50 Bilag 1: R2-værdier ...................................................................................................................................... 51 Bilag 2: Alle resultater, årstid og lokkemad ............................................................................................... 52 4 Bilag 3: Alle resultater, modeller ................................................................................................................ 53 Bilag 4: Individantal i de to datasæt .......................................................................................................... 55 Bilag 5: Arts- og individantal pr lokalitet, BioWide ................................................................................... 56 Bilag 6: Arts- og individantal pr lokalitet, ØJ ............................................................................................. 60 Bilag 7: Individantal pr art pr årstid ........................................................................................................... 61 Bilag 8: Rå data, BioWide ........................................................................................................................... 62 Bilag 9: Rå data, ØJ ..................................................................................................................................... 75 Billedgalleri ..................................................................................................................................................... 89 Indsamling og rensning af prøverne........................................................................................................... 89 Sortering ...................................................................................................................................................... 90 Landskabet ved nogle prøveflader 1 .......................................................................................................... 91 Landskabet ved nogle prøveflader 2 .......................................................................................................... 92 5 Forord Denne specialerapport svarer til 60 ECTS svarende til et årsværk af forfatteren. Formålet med studiet er, at undersøge danske gødningsbillesamfund, og finde ud af på hvilke områder, hvornår og hvordan disse bedst forvaltes, så deres tilbagegang bremses. Specialet er udarbejdet under vejledning af seniorforsker Rasmus Ejrnæs, Aarhus Universitet, Institut for Bioscience – Biodiversitet, Grenåvej 14, 8410 Rønde, og Morten D. D. Hansen, Museumsinspektør, Naturhistorisk Museum, Aarhus, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 210, Universitetsparken, 8000 Aarhus C. Opgaven består af tre dele: 1) en kort synopsis, 2) et manuskript til en videnskabelig artikel på dansk, og 3) diverse bilag, som ikke blev inkluderet i artiklen. læsevejledning Opgaven indleder med en kort introduktion til gødningsbillefaunaen, deres biologi og økologi. Efter denne introduktion følger manuskriptet, hvor projektets baggrund, metoder og resultater præsenteres med efterfølgende diskussion og perspektivering af resultaterne. Herefter findes en samlet referenceliste for både synopsis og manuskript. Jeg har valgt, at sætte alle referencer i én referenceliste, da mange af referencerne i synopsen og manuskriptet er de samme. Desuden giver det et bedre overblik i opgaven. Dette gør jeg selvom det betyder, at jeg skal lave en ny referenceliste til artiklen, før indsendelse til redaktionen. Til sidst kan de ni bilag findes, som kan hjælpe læseren med et bedre overblik af resultater og data. De forskellige bilag er: 1. R2-værdier: Sammenligninger af R2-værdierne i de to datasæt (tabel) 2. Alle resultater, årstid og lokkemad: Alle resultater i modellerne med årstider og lokkemad, inklusiv dem, som ikke er medtaget i manuskriptet (tabel) 3. Alle resultater, modeller: Alle resultater af ordinationer og modeller,
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