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THE Traditionary Accounts of the Foundation of St Andrews As An I. NOTICEARLE TH F YEO ECCLESIASTICAL SETTLEMENTT S T SA ANDREWS. By WILLIAM F. SKENE, ESQ., F.S.A. SCOT. THE traditionary account e foundatioth f t o sAndrewS f n o na s a s ecclesiastical establishment I know s ,a havr , t yetfa bee eo no s , n sub- ANTIQUARIES OF SCOTLAND. 301 jecte historio t d c criticism. Although occupyin e mosgth t prominent positio ancienr ou n ni t church hierarchy witd diocesan a ,h e extending from the borders of England to the river Dee, we know little as yet of the early history of St Andrews, except that it was a foundation of unknown antiquity, with a legendary history which derives its origin from Greeces historianit d an ; s have hitherto been conten repeao t t t these legends without attemptin o reduct g e sobee theth mo rt realities of history. s CataloguKeithi n i h f Scottiso e h Bishops merely gives the substance of these legends, with a few lists of its Bishops prior to e eleventth h century, whe e commencenh s historysit s editorHi . , Dr Russell, throw additionao n s ls earl it ligh n yo t history s latesit d t an ; historian, the Eev. 0. F. Lyon, adds nothing to this. Claiming to be the oldest church in Scotland, to have been at one tim e solth ee episcopal n latei d r an ,age s unquestionabl e metroyth - politan see t AndrewS , s demands that some attempt shoul e maddb e t oearls cleait yp u rhistory I venture. , therefore indulgencase o t , kth e of the Society while I lay before them some facts which may tend to thro lighw wtne upon it; premising, however, that whato t I havw no e y befor la professeu eyo e nothinb o st g more tha n attemptna d thaan ,t it is very possible these facts, when further sifted, may not warrant the conclusions I am inclined at present to draw from them. The traditionary accounts of the earliest ecclesiastical settlements at e t legende AndrewfounS th b o n t i df thre se o sar e different saintn i s our calendar, viz.,—St Cainich or Kenneth, llth October; St Kegulus, 17th October; and St Adrian, 4th March. St Cainich or Kenneth, who is .the same with the Irish St Kenneth of Achaboe, the patron saint of e earlKilkennyth f yo Iriss wa h, Church a contemporar d an , r ycomo - panio ColumbaSt nof frequentl is and , y mentione Adamnan'din s lifeof that Saint. Although Adamnan mentions Columba alone as having mad celebratee th e d visi Brudeo t t e ,Norther kinth f go n s Pictshi t a , palace near Inverness, which resulte s conversiohi n i d o Christianitynt , t ComgalLifthd S f eol e o l printe Meminy db "s Collectaneahi gn i " says accompanies wa tha e h t t Kennet S t Comgall S y db d tooo an hn ka wh , equal share in the King's conversion. St Columba was of the Scottish race of the O'Neills, but both St Cainich and St Comgall were of the race 302 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF Irise oth f h probabls Pict wa f Ulster so t i yd theian ; r affinit racf o y o et Scottise th h Picts o theiwhict d rle hbein g associated with Columbn ai this undertaking. The same affinity of race will account for St Cainich having pene- trater int Pictise fa oth o ds h provinc t AndrewsS s ea . Ther mane ar e y dedications to him in Scotland. He is commemorated in the "Festology " of Angus the Culdee, written in the ninth century, on the llth of October glosa saids i n t i i s, d "an ;Achabo principas hi s ei l churchd an , he has a church at Kilrymont in Alba," that is, in Scotland. Kilrymont shale w iss l a , see Celtie th , c namt AndrewsS f eo . e glosTh s o givgoet e followin n th eso t gCainicS accouny wh h f o t remotweno s o t t eplaca e amon e Pictgth s :—" Once upo timena , when Cainich went to visit Finnia, he asked him for a place of residence; I see no place here now, said Finnia, for others have taken all the places up before thee. May there be a desert place there (that is, in Scotland), said Cainich." characteristie on s wa e asceticis t th I f e cearlo th f ymo Iris h Church, tha clergs it t yhabie wer th f retirino n tei somo gt e desert place leao t , d the lives of hermits, completely isolated from all intercourse with their fellow creatures for a certain number of years; and we find that almost l theial r leading saints t leasa , t onc n theii e r lives, retire o somt d e solitary spot, where they led the lives of hermits for some years. From the desire expressed by Cainich to find a desert place, his church at Kilrymont seems to have been a hermit church of this description. It is, however, doubtful whether the situation of this hermitage of Cainich's was the same with that of St Andrew's, and whether the name Kilrymont is not used loosely, or in a wider sense, for the district about it, for in the Aberdeen Breviary St Cainich is thus referre : " o Sanctdt i Caiynici abbati inKennoquhyi squ diocesn i i Sancti Andrei pro patrono habetur." Kennoquhy is a parish in the east of fror t fa AndrewsFifem S t no , , t andi seem s a , havo st e take s namnit e churce froth m s i h him d witan , h whic principalls i e h y associaten i d the Scottish calendars, it may have been in reality the site of this foun- dation. Be this as it may, this was a Columban foundation anterior to the year 600, in which year Tighernac records the death of St Cainich. For the next and the most important foundation at St Andrews, and ANTIQUARIES OP SCOTLAND. 303 from which it took its name, we must go to the legend of St Regains. There are several editions of this legend, but it is only necessary for our purpos notico et e three. Oned apparentlan , e oldestth y shor a s i , t account of the legend of the foundation of St Andrews, preserved in the Colbertine MS. in the Imperial Library at Paris. The second, which is muc Harleiae h th large n mord i . nan r e MS detailedfoune b a n o di t s i , Library in the British Museum, written in the end of the seventeenth century, apparently a copy of an older MS., containing a list of the contents of the Eegister of the Priory of St Andrews, now lost, with copies of some of the pieces in it. This legend seems to have been put togethe e earlth e fourteentyn i th rpar f o t h centurythire th s di d an ; legene Breviare th th n di Aberdeenf yo . In comparing these three editions, it will be convenient to divide the narrative into three distinct statements. The first is the removal of the relics of St Andrew from Patras to Constantinople Colbertine Th . e account states, tha t AndrewS t , after preaching to the northern nations, the Scythians and Pictones, received in charge the district of Achaia with the city of Patras, and was there crucified. Tha bones hi t s remained there e tiltim th lf Constantin eo e the G-reat, and his sons Constantius and Constans, for 270 y«ars, when they were removed to Constantinople, where they remained till the reign Emperoe oth f r Theodosius. e Prior t th AndrewS f f o yo . sMS e accoun statese Th th n i ,t than i t the year 345 Constantius collected a great army to invade Patras, in orde o revengt r e martyrdoth e t AndrewS f m o removd an , relicss ehi . Tha n angea t l appeare e custodierth e o relicst d th d ordere f an o s, d Eegulus e bishopth , , wits clergyhi h proceeo t sarcophagu,e th o dt s which contained his bones, and to take a part of them, consisting of three fingers of the right hand, a part of one of the arms, the pan of one s teeth hi d concea f an o , e e kneeslon o themth fd tha d fole an , an ,th t- lowin Constantiuy da g s entere e cityd carriedth an , d of o Bornft e eth shrine containing the rest of his bones. That he then laid waste the Insula Tyberis and Colossia, and took from thence the bones of St Luke and St Timothy, and carried them along with the relics of St Andrew Constantinopleo t . e AberdeeTh n Breviary says yea,e Eegulu 0 thath 36 rn i t s flourished 304 PROCEEDING SOCIETTHE SOF YOF at Patras in Achaia, and was eustoclier of the bones and relics of St Andrew; that Constantius invaded Patra orden si revengo t r mare eth - tyrdo t AndrewS f mo ; tha n angea t l appeare him o t ddesired an , m dhi to conceal a part of the relics; and that after Constantius had removed relice resth e Constantinoplef o sth t o t , this angel again appeare himo dt , and desired him to take the part of the relics he had concealed, and to transpor twester e theth mo t n region worlde th f so , wher shoule eh y dla the foundation of a church in honour of the apostle.
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