Soil Survey of the Whitecourt and Barrhead Area
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The University of Alberta Research Council of AEberta Bulletin No. SS-10 Report No. 90 Soi1Survey of the Whitecourtand Barrhead Area BY A. WYNNYK, J. D. LINDSAY, and Wm. ODYNSKY Soils Division, Research Council of Alberta ALBERTA SOIL SURVEY REPORT No. 27 1969 Report printed by The University of Alberta Map published by the Canada Department of Agriculture Distributed by the Department of Extension, The University of Alberta ALBERTA INSTITUTE OF PEDOLOGY Technical Co-ordinating Committee Dr. J. A. Toogood, The University of Alberta, Chairman Mr. T. W. Peters, Canada Department of Agriculture Mr. W. Odynsky, Research Council of Alberta Dr. W. A. Ehrlich, Canada Department of Agriculture Mr. A. A. Kjearsgaard, Sub-committee on Soi1 Survey Mr. J. D. Lindsay, Sub-committee on Interpretative Soi1 Classification Dr. S. Pawluk, Sub-committee on Research This report is published with the approval of the Alberta Institute of PedoEogy and with permission of the Committee on ~~ecriuraZ Extension and Publications of The University of CO~R: The Pembina river is joined by the Paddle river near Manola. CONTENTS Page Acknowledgments 7 Preface .,..., ... .. ..... ...,., ...,.. 9 General Description of the Area: Location and Extent ..,, 11 Historical Development 12 Transportation and Markets 12 Geology and Surficial Deposits 13 Physiography and Topography ,........ .,... ..,.,... 16 Drainage 17 Climate 18 Vegetation .., 20 Soils: Soi1 Mapping ,.. 22 Soi1 Classification .,.. 22 Chernozemic soils ,... .., 24 Solonetzic soils 24 Luvisolic soils ,.. 24 Brunisolic soils ..,.,, 25 Regosolic soils . 25 Gleysolic soils 25 Organic soiki ,.... 25 >escription of Soils: Alluvium .,... 25 Belloy Series ..,,.... ..,....., ,..., ,... 26 Clouston Complex 26 Codesa Complex ,... ,.... ,...,.... ,... ,... ., 27 Codner Series ,.......... ..,., .,.,.. .,... ..,,.,.. 28 Cooking Lake Series ,......... 28 Culp Series ..,.. .,.. ..,.... 29 Davis Series ,. ..,,. ...,.. ..,......... ..,...,.. ..,,.... ,.... .., .,.., 30 Dnister Series 30 Eaglesham Complex ,. .,.. 31 Falun Series ,... ,.... 32 Heart Complep .,,... ,.. 32 High Prairie Complex 33 Hubalta Series .._.. ,....,...,,.... .,... 33 Judah Series ._.... ,......... ,... ,,.........,..... 34 Judy Series .,.., 35 Kathleen Series 35 Kavanagh Series ,.. 36 Kawood Series ... ,..,,. 37 Kenzie Complex ,.,....... 38 La Nonne Series 38 Leith Series ..,.. .,....,... 39 Macola Series 39 Majeau Series .., ..., ., .,....,,.. .., ..., ,... ,. .., 40 Maywood Series 41 Mica Series .,... 41 CONTENTS-Continued Page Mi&t& Series ................................................................ ..................... ..... ..... .......................................................... 42 Modeste Series ................................................................................................................................... ......................... 42 Nakamun Series ..... .................................... ......................... ...... ................................... ............. ............... ...... 43 Onoway Series ......................................................................................................... .......... .......... ..... .... ................ 43 Pegasus Series ...... ................................ .................................................................................................................. ... 44 Pjnto Series ............................ .............................................................................. ........................ ................ .... 44 Prestville Series .................................................................... .......... ................................................ ............... ...... 45 Raven Series ........................ ......................... ........................ ....................................................... .................. 45 Rimbey Series ............. .............................. ............................................................................................... .... 46 Sundance Series ......... .................................... ................... .... ............................................ .... .......................... 47 Tangent Series .................... ....... .................................................... .... ................................................................ 47 Thorsby Series ................ .................... ......................................... ........... .............................. ........... 48 Tolman Series .............. ....................... ..... ........ ................................ .... ...................... ........ .... ........... ........ 48 Uncas Series ..... ..... ........................................... ............................. ......................... .................. ............ ... ......... 49 Wabamun Series ................. ................ ............................... .......................... ..... ............... ......................... ...... 49 Analyses of Some Representative Soi1 Profiles: Soi1 Reaction ....... ...................................................................................................................................... 50 Nitrogen .... ........................... .... ..................... ... ...................... ......... ......... ....... .... ........................... ..... ... 50 Organic Carbon ... ............................................................................................................................... 51 Exchangeable Cations ........ .... ............... ....................................................... ................. .......... 51 Particle Size ............................. ... ........................................................................................................ 51 Land Use: Agriculture ................... ... ................................. ..... .......... ... ................. ... ................ ................ ..................... 56 Development ....... ...... ............ ..................... ............................................................................................ ...... 56 Soi1 Management .................................................. ...................................................................... ..... 58 Chernozemic Soils ..... ... ............... ...................................... ...................... ........................................... 58 Gray Wooded Soils ........................................................................................................................ 59 Solonetzic Soils ..... ......... ..... ......... ....................................................... ..................... ..................... ...... 59 Organic Soils ..............................................................................................................................................59 Soi1 Rating ......... ... ..... ... .... ....... .................................... .... .................... ............................ ........... ..... ...... 60 Soi1 Capability ...... ... .... ....................................................... ..... ............................................... ...... ... ..... ... ... 61 Forestry ........................... ..... ... ... ..... ................................ .... ..... ................... .... .......... ...... ......................... ... 61 Engineering ........................................................................ ........... .................... ......................... ... ... .... ...... ........... 62 Appendix: Soi1 Texture Soi1 Separates ......................................... ............................ ...... .......................... .................... 64 Proportions of Soi1 Separates ......... ............................ ................................... ......... ........... 64 Soi1 Structure and Consistence ...... ..... ......................................... ... .... ............. ................. 65 Soi1 Moisture Classes .......... ................................................................................ .............. ..... ... ...... 65 Calcareous Classes .......................... ... .......... .................................................................. .............. 66 Glossary ........ .................................................... ..... ..... .................. ................................ ........... ................ ........ .............. 67 TABLES Page le 1. Total Population and Farm Po.pulation ,. 12 le 2. Topographie Classes 17 le 3. Mean Monthly Temperature and Precipitation ., 19 le 4. Frost-free Periods of Selected Stations 20 le 5. Chemical and Particle Size Analyses of Some Representative Soi1 Profiles 52, 53, 54, 55 le 6. Total Acreage Occupied and Improved Land 56 le 7. Total Acreage of Principal Crops 56 le 8. Livestock Population 58 le 9. Timber Production 61 le 10. Pulpwood and Sawtimber Inventory 62 le 11. Physical Analyses of Some Representative Soils 63 ILLUSTRATIONS Page Figure 1. Sketch map of Alberta showing locations ...................... .................. ... 10 Figure 2. A planing mil1 at Whitecourt .................. ...... .......... ... ................... ............. 11 Figure 3. An oil pumping station near Carson Lake ........................... ......... 11 Figure 4. Map showing the geology .... ... ....... ............... .......................................