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Clinostomus Elongatus) University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 6-18-2021 Experimental Tests on Sperm and Seasonal Morphology Change in the Endangered Redside Dace (Clinostomus elongatus) Colby Brian Nolan University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Recommended Citation Nolan, Colby Brian, "Experimental Tests on Sperm and Seasonal Morphology Change in the Endangered Redside Dace (Clinostomus elongatus)" (2021). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 8610. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/8610 This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). Under this license, works must always be attributed to the copyright holder (original author), cannot be used for any commercial purposes, and may not be altered. Any other use would require the permission of the copyright holder. Students may inquire about withdrawing their dissertation and/or thesis from this database. For additional inquiries, please contact the repository administrator via email ([email protected]) or by telephone at 519-253-3000ext. 3208. Experimental Tests on Sperm and Seasonal Morphology Change in the Endangered Redside Dace (Clinostomus elongatus) By Colby Brian Nolan A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies through the Department of Integrative Biology in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science at the University of Windsor Windsor, Ontario, Canada 2021 © 2021 Colby Brian Nolan Experimental Tests on Sperm and Seasonal Morphology Change in the Endangered Redside Dace (Clinostomus elongatus) By Colby Brian Nolan APPROVED BY: ______________________________________________ O. Love Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research _________________________________________________ S. Doucet Department of Integrative Biology _______________________________________________ T. Pitcher, Advisor Department of Integrative Biology March 5th, 2021 DECLARATION OF CO-AUTHORSHIP I. Co-Authorship I hereby declare that this thesis incorporates material that is result of joint research, as follows: Chapter 2 of this thesis was co-authored with my supervisor Dr. Trevor Pitcher, and Chapter 3 of this thesis was co-authored with Dr. Andy Turko and Dr. Trevor Pitcher. In all cases, the key ideas, primary contributions, experimental designs, data analysis, interpretation, and writing were performed by the author. The contribution of Dr. Pitcher was primarily through attaining and providing funding for both projects, he also helped conceptualize designs of the projects, and provided valuable feedback. Dr. Turko’s contributions to chapter 3 were the following: help conceptualizing project design, help collecting field data, performing laboratory tasks for data collection, and providing valuable feedback. I am aware of the University of Windsor Senate Policy on Authorship and I certify that I have properly acknowledged the contribution of other researchers to my thesis and have obtained written permission from each of the co-author(s) to include the above material(s) in my thesis. I certify that, with the above qualification, this thesis, and the research to which it refers, is the product of my own work. II. General III I declare that, to the best of my knowledge, my thesis does not infringe upon anyone’s copyright nor violate any proprietary rights and that any ideas, techniques, quotations, or any other material from the work of other people included in my thesis, published or otherwise, are fully acknowledged in accordance with the standard referencing practices. Furthermore, to the extent that I have included copyrighted material that surpasses the bounds of fair dealing within the meaning of the Canada Copyright Act, I certify that I have obtained a written permission from the copyright owner(s) to include such material(s) in my thesis. I declare that this is a true copy of my thesis, including any final revisions, as approved by my thesis committee and the Graduate Studies office, and that this thesis has not been submitted for a higher degree to any other University or Institution. IV ABSTRACT Freshwater fishes are in rapid decline and are one of the most at-risk vertebrate groups. Redside Dace (Clinsotomus elongatus) are in severe decline across much of their range, yet pockets of high abundance still exist; this, along with other factors, makes them an excellent species to study conservation biology questions. The comprehensive objective of this thesis was to test hypotheses that can contribute to two broad areas of research on sperm movement and organ morphology while also providing potentially useful information for Redside Dace conservation. Specifically, whether a temperature surge event affects Redside Dace sperm and how seasonal organ change indicates when Redside Dace are potentially susceptible to population decline. First, we experimentally tested whether an acute temperature surge event would negatively impact Redside Dace sperm movement. We found no evidence that either increased acclimation or activation temperature affected Redside Dace sperm movement. Second, we examined seasonal morphology changes in adult males, adult females, and juveniles as well as differences between these groups. We found significant seasonal changes to gonads, livers, guts, hearts, body condition, and red spot area in Redside Dace; as well as age and sex based morphological differences. Collectively, these results provide valuable information about sperm movement and seasonal organ change that is potentially useful in Redside Dace conservation and also contributes to two areas of ecology/physiology research. V ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my committee members, Dr. Oliver Love, Dr. Stephanie Doucet, and Dr. Trevor Pitcher for providing advice during my degree. Thank you to Dr. Doucet and Dr. Pitcher for providing field equipment. Dr. Pitcher was integral in attaining funding for this research from the department of fisheries and oceans and NSERC. Huge thank you to Dr. Andy Turko and Madison Dugdale for help during field work. Chapter 3 would have never been possible without Andy as a field partner and chapter 2 would not have been possible without Madison as a research assistant. I can’t thank Andy enough as he was integral to all aspects of chapter 3 and provided support, advice, and leadership throughout my degree. Thank you to Brian Zimmerman and Ryland Corchis-Scott for help scouting research locations. Thank you to the staff at the Brown Family Environmental Centre of Kenyon College for their hospitality, providing lab space, and making my field work experience much more enjoyable. Thank you to Dr. Beren Robinson, Will Jarvis, Austin Roth, and fellow University of Windsor graduate students for advice and support during stressful times. Most of all, a very special thank you to Mia Jackson, my parents, and close friends. I would not have been able to persevere without the love, support, and encouragement they provided throughout my degree. VI TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION OF CO-AUTHORSHIP .................................................................................. III ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. V ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.......................................................................................................... VI LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... X LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................... XII LIST OF APPENDICES ........................................................................................................... XVI CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………….. 1 Animal Population Decline and Extinction ................................................................... 1 Trends in Animal Decline .................................................................................................. 1 North American Extinction of Freshwater Fishes ............................................................. 2 Human Intervention with Species at Risk ..................................................................... 2 Purpose Behind Conservation Practices ........................................................................... 2 Conservation Successes and Blind spots in Vertebrates .................................................... 4 Study System: Redside Dace ........................................................................................... 5 Thesis Overview ............................................................................................................... 9 Experimental Effects of Water Temperature on Sperm ..................................................... 9 Seasonal Morphology Change ........................................................................................... 9 References ....................................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 2: EXPERIMENTAL EFFECTS OF WATER TEMPERATURE
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