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Gold Rush Legacy GOLD RUSH LEGACY AN INTERPRETIVE PLAN FOR AN INTERACTIVE TOUR IN OLD SACRAMENTO A Thesis Presented to the faculty of the Department of History California State University, Sacramento Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in Public History by Zoey Elizabeth Jennings SPRING 2020 © 2020 Zoey Elizabeth Jennings ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii GOLD RUSH LEGACY: AN INTERPRETIVE PLAN FOR AN INTERACTIVE TOUR IN OLD SACRAMENTO A Thesis by Zoey Elizabeth Jennings Approved by: __________________________________, Committee Chair Dr. Patrick Ettinger __________________________________, Second Reader Janessa West ____________________________ Date iii Student: Zoey Elizabeth Jennings I certify that this student has met the requirements for format contained in the University format manual, and this thesis is suitable for electronic submission to the library and credit is to be awarded for the thesis. __________________________, Graduate Coordinator ___________________ Dr. Anne Lindsay Date Department of History iv Abstract of GOLD RUSH LEGACY: AN INTERPRETIVE PLAN FOR AN INTERACTIVE TOUR IN OLD SACRAMENTO by Zoey Elizabeth Jennings The creation and development of Sacramento is connected to the California Gold Rush. While the legacy and history of the Gold Rush is well known in Sacramento, few possess an understanding of what the development of the city was truly like for the original residents. To educate visitors, the Sacramento History Museum developed tours of Old Sacramento. The most recent version of the tour, The Gold Fever! Game Tour invites local residents, tourists, and school groups to take an interactive tour that transports them to the Gold Rush through interactive elements. While the tour has been successful, it lacked an interpretive plan to train new tour guides with resources to lead an engaging, interactive tour. This thesis describes my development of an interpretive plan: specifically for the Gold Fever! Game Tour. This interpretive plan enable the tour’s continued success and ability to inspire visitors to Old Sacramento about its Gold Rush legacy. _______________________, Committee Chair Dr. Patrick Ettinger _______________________ Date v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I have so much to be thankful for. To the History Department and Public History Program, thank you. I have had wonderful professors, mentors, and classmates that have guided and helped me through this process. To my readers, Dr. Ettinger and Janessa West, thank you. Through your guidance and edits, I was able to complete this project. To the Sacramento History Museum staff, thank you for the continuous help and encouragement throughout this process. To my family and friends, thank you for the love and support during this time and with everything that I do. To my Grandma Elizabeth and Grandma Nancy, thank you for always believing in me and pushing me to continue, even when it was difficult. To my Mom and Dad, thank you for everything. Without the two of you, I would not be who I am today. You have always been my biggest supporters, my guiding light, and provided encouragement when I have needed it. To my Fiancé, Jared, thank you for the love, support, and having my back through everything, even when I was not sure if I could do it. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. vi Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 2. SACRAMENTO’S EARLY HISTORY ............................................................................. 7 3. DEVELOPMENT OF INTERPRETIVE PLAN .............................................................. 28 4. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................. 63 Appendix: Project .................................................................................................................. 67 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................... 122 vii 1 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION The small historic area of Sacramento known as Old Sacramento; has evolved through different iterations since 1849. Following its establishment at the waterfront, and the continuous expansion of population, the city grew outward from the original city center. Similar to other cities in the United States, the establishment of suburbs in the twentieth century led to a decline of the downtown area. With more people moving out of the downtown, the urban center of Sacramento fell into disrepair and ultimately became a blighted area and an “ideal candidate for slum clearance and urban renewal.”1 In the 1960s, a redevelopment effort began. During redevelopment there was debate about what to do with the oldest section of Sacramento. There was interest in building Interstate- 5 where the historic buildings once stood. As historian Lee Simpson notes “plans to route Interstate 5 through the city’s western edge” in what is now the Historic District of Old Sacramento.2 Through preservation efforts, it was decided “to bulge the freeway route to the east to preserve what became the Old Sacramento Historic District.”3 The district planning went through a few versions and eventually became a twenty-eight acre historic district with reconstructed, relocated, or rebuilt buildings to replicate the original look of early Sacramento. Through the development of the historic district, 1 Lee M. A. Simpson and Lisa C. Prince, “The Invention of Old Sacramento: A Past for the Future” in River City and Valley: An Environmental History of the Sacramento Region, ed. Christopher J. Castaneda and Lee M. A. Simpson. (Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2013), 290. 2 Ibid.,299. 3 Ibid., 300. 2 “recommendations to establish a state park, a city-county museum, impose architectural controls” were adapted.4 Today Old Sacramento features both private, state- and city- owned buildings. The once “blighted district…had been converted into a vibrant commercial district and the city’s premier tourist attraction.”5 While some of the businesses are independent novelty and boutique stores, restaurants and cafes, there is also a strong historical community. The district has four museums, a working railroad experiences, living history reenactors, and several options for tours. The focus of this thesis is the Gold Fever! Game Tour, produced by the Sacramento History Museum, which is one of the tours currently in operation in the historic district. The district strives to preserve the history of the Gold Rush and the development of Sacramento. Through these tours, tourists and locals alike are able to learn and experience the history Sacramento has to offer. In 2017, I was approached to create an updated interpretive plan for the new above-ground walking tours for the Sacramento History Museum. While there was a current version of the above ground tour, The Gold Rush Experience Tour, it was not attracting the attention of visitors like that of the Underground Tour. The Gold Rush Experience Tour was a guided, non-interactive, static tour. The tour led visitors around the Old Sacramento Historic District, discussing the history of Sacramento, the importance of the buildings, and the early days of Sacramento. This tour, 4 Lee M. A. Simpson and Lisa Prince, “The Invention of Old Sacramento” in River City and Valley Life, 301. 5 Ibid.,305. 3 while interesting and factual, was not engaging or interactive for the visitor and only lasted one tour season. Visitors walked around the city listening to the tour guide, not fully engaging with the history they were learning. In 2017, key staff of the Sacramento History Museum decided to redesign the tour in line with the experience they wanted for their visitors. They aspired to create a new tour using a hands-on approach that included a game component. The game element would require the visitor to become an active and engaged participant. They wanted visitors to figuratively become someone from the Gold Rush, adopting a persona for the length of the tour. The creative group researched key individuals from the Gold Rush era which highlighted the diversity of the city, including well-known individuals like Sam Brannon and John Sutter. They designed and printed paper hand-fans with the pictures and biographies of these ‘characters’ to handout to visitors, inviting visitors to assume the identity of the historic figure for the length of the tour. The premise was that the new and improved tour would engage the public and give them a chance to not only learn the history, but to become a part of it. The Gold Fever! Game Tour was born. While the tour was carefully created, a training manual was not developed at the same time. Instead, the tour relied upon the old manual from The Gold Rush Experience Tour and added an appendix with the description of the new elements, (the fans, and chance cards) used on the tour. Unfortunately, this led to a disconnect between the tour guide’s training materials and the new tour. Thus, in order to learn and master the new tour curriculum, new tour guides needed to follow existing tour guides and practice with the Tour Manager until they were considered trained in the new material. 4 In 2017, I was approached by key staff at the Sacramento History Museum to create an updated interpretive plan for the new above ground walking tour, Gold Fever! Game
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