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A N EWS BU LLETIN

p u b l i s h e d q u a r t e r l y b y t h e NEW ZEALAND SOCIETY

MAN HAS HIS USES! A hole made by marine biologists saves this Weddell seal a lot of trouble. KJ_!5'i —Official U.S. Navy photograph. ■

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(Successor to "Antarctic News Bulletin")

Vol. 3, No. 12 DECEMBER, 1964

Editor: L. B. Quartermain, M.A., 1 Ariki Road, Wellington, E.2, New Zealand. Business Communications, Subscriptions, etc., to: Secretary, New Zealand Antarctic Society, P.O. Box 2110, Wellington, N.Z.

BASES AND MEN week, from December 4. The part-' comprised: Dr. B. G. Ballard Readers may be interested in the (Pres. Nat. Research Council, Can following summary of the Antarctic ada), Mr. E. Martindale (U.K.), Mr. "divides of the "Treaty Nations". R. E. Radford (Dept. Tech. Co-onera- ases north of 60°S. have not been tion, U.K.), Mr. K. A. Quagraine

]Mumbc r of Winter Science, Ghana), Mr. R. D. Amar- Base s Personnel ashingham (Dept. of Chemistry, Malaysia), Mr. E. M. Nicholson (Dir.- - 5 89 Gen. Native Conservancy, U.K.), Mr. N Z : U S _ .,.. 1 2:11 E. D. A. Davis (Asst. Sec. B.C.S.C), (Hallett Station) and Dr. Hamilton. Belgium ... 1 14 Australia ._ 3 62 Accompanying the party were the ..._ .._...... 4 39 following New Zealanders: the Hon. France — — .-_ 1 20 B. E. Talboys, M.P. (N.Z. Minister of Japan — — _- 1 Science), Mr. J. T. Andrews (Chair (inopera man Nat. Research Advisory Coun tive) cil), Mr. L. A. Atkinson (Chairman, New Zealand ... 1 13 State Services Commission) and Mr. ._ 1 G. C. Fortune (Dept. of External (not occu Affairs). pied) South Africa - 1 13 U.S.A ... 4 274 United Kingdom 98 ARE YOU SAVING UP FOR THAT U.S.S.R — ...... 4 87 TOURIST TRIP TO THE ANTARCTIC? Total of occupied bases: 32. Dr. P. G. Law is one of those who Total wintering personnel: 722. believe that the Antarctic has real possibilities as a tourist resort. He believes that the dream of a tourist SCIENTISTS GOING SOUTH liner bound on a holiday tour "out At the conclusion of the meeting of of this world" may become a reality the British Commonwealth Scientific sooner than most people think. Committee at Massey University of Manawatu in late November, and a But if you are thinking of going, New Zealand tour, a small party of read on — the visiting scientists visited Ant "If such a trip were advertised as arctica at the invitation of Dr. W. M. sufficiently exclusive," Dr. Law is Hamilton, Director-General of the reported as saying, "one would ex N.Z. Department of Scientific and perience no great difficulty in attract Industrial Research, and by courtesy ing a number of patrons at a cost of of Rear-Admiral J. R. Reedy, U.S.N. about 510,000 (£4,500) each for a The visitors will be accommodated three weeks' stay in ." at for approximately a Shall we put your name down? ANTARCTIC December, 1964 NEW ZEALAND FIELD PARTIES BEGIN SEASON'S WORK Of the ten specific projects in areas ranging from Northern to the , which comprise the field work objectives ot this summer's New Zealand Antarctic Research Programme, all but four were being vigorously implemented by mid-November.

As this issue of Antarctic goes to CROZIER TRIP OFF press New Zealand's summer pro gramme of field work is well under .As Dr. Ewan Young is unable to way and the change-over of person go south this year, the proposed skua- nel at Scott Base has been com study at will not even pleted. tuate. B. Cope, who was to have been Not all of the men listed will be Dr. Young's assistant, will now par spending the whole summer in the ticipate in the Balleny Islands expedi field. A few arc engaged in special tion. projects of short duration. LINCOLN SCIENTISTS The first group of new men left Christchurch by air for McMurdo on A two-man field party from October 15. Adrian Hayter, the leader Lincoln College left Scott Base for 1955, had taken over from Russell on November 23. At Cape Choco Rawle on October 8. The first relief late and Lake Alph the soil team comprised A. L. Burrows, scientists, P. Stevens and J. Wil senior technical officer; C. Hough, liams, will investigate processes of fitter mechanic; B. B. Dorrington, soil formation on a sequence of dif fitter electrician; D. J. Haycock, ferent moraines. This project is cook, and R. Wright, storcman". With related to similar work Stevens has these winter-party men travelled C. been doing at the Franz Josef Glacier. H. Zwaaneveld of the D.S.I.R. who The party was flown the 35 miles went south to inspect the all-sky from Scott Base to Cape Chocolate cameras installed last year at Scott and was to bc shifted in about 10 Base and . days' time to Lake Alph, 25 miles farther south. At each ot these places INTO THE FIELD they will trek over an area of about 40 square miles. The first field party of the summer season left Scott Base on October 24. CHANGES Vulcanologist Dr. A. Ewart was taken by a dog sledge 30 miles to A few changes have been made in , and two soil scientists, the summer programme outlined in Dr. G. Claridge and I. Campbell, were our last issue. flown to . The full Victoria University team Dr. Ewart is studying lava flow was not placed in the field till Nov in the McMurdo area to make com ember 24. University students cannot parisons with the origins of some ignore examinations even when the New Zealand volcanic areas. Antarctic sirens call. The soil scientists were to spend H. J. Cranfield, one of three bro about two weeks at Cape Hallett and thers who have played a prominent were helped by Scott Base field part in New Zealand's Antarctic assistant David Lowe, in making activities, is checking the penguin short man-hauling sledge trips in the population at Hallett for the Dom inion Museum. December, 1964

In order to maintain the team at PARTY LEADER CRIPPLED four-man strength, I. B. McDonald Bad luck has quickly befallen the of the wintering party, a very experi Northern Geological and Survey enced mountaineer, will temporarily party. The team was flown on Nov join the Northern Party. The other ember 22 for 150 miles from Scott members of this party are Dr. P. F. Base to Carapace Nunatak (76* 50' Ballance, Dr. W. A. Watters and Dr. S., 159° 3' E.) on the plateau above J. A. Townrow, a botanist from Tas the head of the Mackay Glacier. The mania. same day a message received at Ant As well as studying the conglomer arctic Division headquarters in ate referred to above, the geologists Wellington said: will examine its relationship to rocks "Project 2 report Warren simple above and below. Some of the sand break left leg no other injuries at wiching rocks contain thin seams of Carapace Nunatak Others with him poor quality coal with abundant leaf position comfortable tent pitched and tree-trunk fossils. Carbonaceous over Warren. Helicopter left now beds with leaf impressions are also 1415 hours with doctor and McDon present in the Mount Fleming area. ald to replace Warren." Dr. Townrow will collect specimens This was within an hour of tr»t for subsequent detailed laboratory accident. And at 5.30 a.m. next day study. Warren, accompanied by Zwaanc- veld arrived at Christchurch airport, GEOLOGISTS' RANGE and was admitted to Christchurch Public Hospital. His leg was frac Le Couteur's party was due to get tured above the ankle when he fell into the field in early December. On a few feet. As weather conditions November 26 it was reported that hampered radio contact, the party Ford was preparing the party's equip got in touch with Scott Base by ment and that Le Couteur and Lucy using morse. had placed a dump for the party at 82° 35' S., 156° 20' E. Guyon Warren is employed by the Geological Survey D.S.I.R. at Christ church. As a member of the New Zealand component of the Trans- EMPEROR ROOKERY Antarctic Expedition, he was in the FOUND first New Zealand party to winter in John Cranfield reported from Hal the Antarctic. In February, 1957, with lett on November 9 that a Bishop Gunn and Heine he climbed Mt. Museum entomologist and a New [armsworth, the first major peak to Zealand biologist, with the co-opera be scaled on the actual Antarctic tion of U.S. Army helicopter crews, Continent. He spent a short period had found a previously unknown Emperor penguin rookery and six when he was one of the two geolo new Adelie penguin rookeries in th' gists in the T.A.E. Northern Party under Lt.-Cdr. F. R. Brooke in 1957- vicinity of Cape Hallett. 58, and was keen to return to com The Emperor rookery is computed to contain 11,600 chicks. It is situated plete his study of the of the under Ca^e Roget, which is at the northern end of Moubray Bay in fm^mmKmSM Victoria Land, about 20 miles from rock formation at the Nunataks, Hallett Station. where fossil plants and fresh-water At the Coulman Island Emperor crustaceans covering a geological penguin rookery, the count showed sequence from 150 to 300 million 21,000 chicks. One of the new Adelie years have been found. Their inten rookeries, on Foyn Island, the largest tion is to man-haul their two sledges of the Possession Islands, contained the 20 miles to the Allan Nunatak approximately 60,000 penguins. The before being air-lifted to Mount previously known rookery on the Fleming, 75 miles on the way back to Possession Islands contained approxi Scott Base. mately 300,000 birds. December, 1964

FOSSIL PUZZLE When this shift is made, Mansergh Antarctic history has links with will be replaced by David Lowe. the geological work to be done by a Since ihe party will be in the field field party that left Scott Base on until next year, at a spot about half November 12. way between Scott Base and the When both Scott and Shackleton South Pole, some Christmas "cheer" were sledging up the Beardmore is packed with their supplies as well Glacier they gathered rock speci as a six-inch Christmas tree. mens containing coral-like fossils. Such rock samples were found on ALL-SKY CAMERAS sledges at the tent where Scott's party died, and accompanying notes BEING CHECKED explained where the rocks were col New Zealand-built "all-sky cam lected. eras" are being checked after their The fossils have been dated to bc first winter in the Antarctic. They about 600,000,000 years old—the were designed at the Physics and oldest ever found in Antarctica. Engincring Laboratory of the Called "archaeocyathids", these fos D.S.I.R., Graccfield. (See "Antarctic", sils are also known in the Soviet March, 1964, p. 384.) Union and Australia. Apart from the prototype, built at illiiwmSfflB the laboratory, they have been manu lar fossils in a limestone formation factured by a Wellington electrical engineering company. Five of these on part of the Holyoake Range, north cameras are being used at Antarctic of the Nimrod Glacier. stations — one at Scott Base, another Laird was unable to obtain com at Byrd Station, and one at each of plete information on the rock forma the Australian stations — Mawson, tion, so he is now leading a four-man Wilkes, and Davis. party in the area. The party were flown by U.S. VX6 Squadron aircraft In Antarctica these cameras photo to a site near the Nimrod Glacier, graph the aurora from March through 400 miles south of Scott Base. to about September. As well as giv During the next two and a half ing information on upper atmosphere months in the field they will use happenings all-sky photographs help motor toboggan-drawn sledges to tell the type and quantity of radia cover an area of about 2,000 square tion being received by the earth. miles. Other members of the party, The Antarctic climate has caused Dave Massam, John Chappell and the film movement to jam and the Graham Mansergh, will assist in skywards transparent dome to fog working out where the fossilised over. In counteracting these prob limestone fits in, in relation to other lems slight modifications have been rocks of the area. made to the cameras at Byrd Station The party also will study a series and Scott Base by Mr. Zwaaneveld, of lower lying rocks in which are an officer of the P.E.L. low quality coal seams, and they will Because of the Antarctic's low geologically map the whole area. humidity the film curls. More power This work will bc made possible has been fed to the spool that winds by observinu the exposed face of the the film onwards and pressure plates 5,000 ft. high Cambrian Bluff, at the have been added to press the film southern end of the Holyoake Ran^e, flat against the lens base. To prevent that has been eroded by the Nimrod condensation in the transparent Glacier. dome Mr. Zwaaneveld has added a After six and a half weeks the moisture collecting trap to the party will be airlifted across the 15- camera units. Warm air on a closed mile-wide Nimrod Glacier to gain a circuit is blown through the dome, knowledge of the geological struc but now before entering the dome ture on both sides of the glacier and it passes through a metal box at out plot the extent to which the fossilised side temperature where any con limestone continues south. densation occurs. December, 1964

THE SCIENCE LABORATORY AT SCOTT BASE. Photo: Guy Mannering.

B I O L O G I S T S B U S Y SCOUTS Biologists from the University of The three Queen's Scouts to work Canterbury are working for the in the Antarctic this summer, D. 0. fourth consecutive year in the Mc Crerar, W. W. Janssen and B. K. Ser Murdo area. Dr. B. Stonehouse and vice, are lo go South on H.M.N.Z.S. technician I. Harkess went south on "Endeavour" scheduled to leave New November 1 and were replaced after Zealand on December 6 on her first University exams by I. Spellerberg, voyage of the 1964-65 season. All J. Hay and G. Yeates. M. S. R. Smith, three boys are 17 years of age and a Ph.D. student who wintered at were carefully chosen from a very Scott Base in 1963 will be seal- large number of qualified applicants, marking for a short period. Most a dozen of whom were interviewed attention will be given to further in Wellington for the final selection. observation of Adelie penguins and to measures for penguin and seal conservation. "Four more males have joined the New Zealand Antarctic Research BURSARY STUDENTS Programme force at Scott Base," reports John Murphy, the P.R.O. Hay and Yeates are the first stud They are the four sons of Virgo and ents to be assisted under the fund Podge, born on November 16. They established by the Canterbury are the first dogs to be born since Branch of the New Zealand Antarc about June and arc progressing well tic Society. under the care of surveyor Bill Lucy. December, 1964 New Zealand Expedition to the Balleny and Islands A more determined attempt is to be made this summer to examine in some detail the Balleny Islands, on which several brief landings were made last season. The "assault" will be made by 14 assistant, both experienced alpinists New Zealanders with the assistance with considerable Antarctic experi of the U.S.S. "Glacier", the U.S. ence, will be landed at selected spots Navy's most powerful , for periods of up to 24 hours. during January, February and early The U.S. authorities plan to map March next year. The exact time the islands with trimetrogon aerial table had not been finalised at time ^hoto^raphv and asked New Zealand of going to press, but in general to provide a surveyor to obtain terms the plan is to spend about a pround control astro-fix stations. fortnight at the Ballenys, and shorter Eight terrestrial and marine biolo periods at , Robertson gists from thc United States an*' Bay, the Possession Islands, Mou- tralia will also take part in mC bray Bay, Coulman Island, Franklin Island and Beaufort Island. expedition. NEW ZEALAND TEAM ROSS SEA ISLANDS The part" will be led by Elliott W. At the other islands a shorter Dawson of the Oceanographic Insti programme of offshore biological tute. With him in the Marine stations, shore collecting of biologi and group will be J. C. cal and geological samples and in McDougall, J. G. Gibbs and two tech most cases astro-fix and survey will nicians, one of whom will also be the be attempted. During the crossings expedition photographer. Other scien from site to site biological stations tists will be the magneticians N. will be made as required and in Roberts and D. G. Innes, geologist most cases the proton magnetometer B. C. Waterhouse, and two terrestrial will be streamed. Special attention biologists. The surveyor will be an will be given to the submarine ridge experienced man who has wintered which is believed to link the Balleny at Scott Base, M. R. J. Ford, and he region with Macquarie Island by way will have a capable assistant. of the Hjort Seamount. It is hoped to cross the ridge completely each THE BALLENY ISLANDS time about 30 miles apart from 11 • oceanographic work around about 1,500 to 2,000 fathoms on each side. Similar work, to thc extent that .alleny Islands will include con time allows, will be done along the tinuous echo-sounding both inshore North Macquarie Ridge linking Mac and offshore and dredging and trawl quarie Island and New Zealand. ing at selected stations. A running survey will be made along both An extensive programme of Nuclear sides of the island chain. A magneto Sampling is planned, two-gallon pre meter will be streamed at all times cipitation samples being collected at when the ship is under way. Shore all islands and other places of special biological and geological collecting interest, as well as at every five de will be carried out at all points grees of latitude between the Balleny where landings can be effected, using Islands and New Zealand whenever helicopters or landing craft. Astro- occurs. Ship to shore fixes and survey for ground control party communications will be by of trimetrogon photography are rc- field-sledge radio sets for two-way nuired, and the surveyor and his voice and WT communications. December, 1964

LANDING ON THE BALLENYS U.S. helicopter lands New Zealand scientists on spit between Sabrina Island and the Monolith, March 1964. Photo: Guy Mannering.

CARRY ON, SAILOR! It reads: "And thou, son of man, take thee a sharp knife, take thee A Biblical message crackled be a barber's razor and cause it to pass tween Navy Office in Wellington and Scott Base — and all over a sailor's upon thine head and upon thy beard. beard." The hirsute matelot was 22-year- old Leading Cook B. D. George, proud possessor of what a naval SEARCH AND RESCUE spokesman described as "a mon strous red beard". Inspector L. D. Bridge of Police Headquarters, Wellington, made his Preparing to return to civilisation seventh visit to the Antarctic when after the winter, he signalled his he spent some weeks at McMurdo parent "ship", the landbound Navy in October assisting in the training Office: of the U.S. team there under Antarc "Request permission to continue tic conditions. As Captain Bridge, he shaving. Discontinued June, 1962.' was Leader at Scott Base durfrg the He thus complied with an R.N.Z.N. 1960-61 summer. With him as in ordinance that, to prevent sailors structors on the present course are merely missing a shave for several W. Bevan, R. Scott, A. Cookson, J. days or weeks, they get permission Ede and P. Bielski. The course is to begin growing beards and, if needs organised by the Federated Moun be, again to start shaving. tain Clubs of New Zealand in co The Navy Office signalled back: operation with the Antarctic Divi- "See Ezekiel chapter 5, verse 1." December, 1964

KEEPING WATCH ON THE Lewis and Hetherington have re turned to New Zealand after their BEACON SATELLITE year at Scott Base, but the recording is being carried on by G. Jones of The launching from the Vanden- the 1965 Scientific team at Scott Base. berg Air Base of Polar Ionospheric Beacon Satellite S-66, referred to in While the observations require the "Antarctic", Vol. 3, No. 9 (March attention of a qualified scientist and issue), was unexpectedly delayed and a skilled technician, the data record the satellite did not actually go into ed is forwarded to top-level physi orbit until October 10. cists and mathematicians whose task it is to draw conclusions from the At Second Crater, 1,000 yards from data recorded. the Auroral Radar station on Arrival At the Second Crater wanigan a Heights on the record is made also of the small Ive miles from Scott Base, George pulsations in strength and direction -ewis, assisted by technician Tom of the earth's magnetic field. Hetherington, had his instrumenta tion ready, and a trial run during three orbits of the satellite produced H.M.N.Z.S. ENDEAVOUR data which was transmitted to Dr. New Zealand's Antarctic tanker J. E. Titheridge of Auckland for "Endeavour" will make two cruises confirmation that all was in order. to McMurdo as well as an oceano The satellite is orbiting the earth graphic cruise in sub-Antarctic at an angle of 80° with respect to waters this summer. the equator, at a height of 890 to She is due to leave Lyttelton on 1,105 km. Once during each orbit it December 6 and to rendezvous with comes over 80° S. latitude and is the U.S.S. "Mills" at sea in 60° S. above the horizon to an observer at between December 10 and 12. Arriv Second Crater. As the satellite's ing at McMurdo on December 20 she period of revolution is 104.8 minutes, will unload and leave again on the there are approximately 14 orbits per 26th, arriving at Lyttelton on Janu day. ary 5. The oceanographic cruise will ex MESSAGE RECEIVED tend from January 11 to February 5. Work will be concentrated on the The continuous signals which it margins of the Campbell Plateau. transmits, passing through the iono "Endeavour" is scheduled to leave sphere before being recorded at the Lyttelton again for the Antarctic on receiving stations at Auckland, Well ington, Invercargill, Campbell Island February 12 and to reach McMurdo and Second Crater, provide informa on February 20. Leaving the Antarc tic again on the 24th she is to rendez tion on ionospheric density and on vous again with the "Mills" about any irregularities in the ionosphere. Part of the programme is the record the 28th, and arrive at Lyttelton on March 4. ing of the slow, regular fading which is known as Faraday Rotation. Oceanographic work will be car ried out on the two supply voyages. Signals arc sent out on frequencies A magnetometer will be towed along of 20, 40 and 41 mc. and these are selected meridians. recorded on revolving drums by "Endeavour" is commanded by three separate receivers. The record Commander P. R. H. Silk. ing is, of course, automatic, but thc Scott Base observers visit the wani- gan receiving-station approximately SUMMER PARTY every second day to ensure that the J. M. Lee will serve as Radio Oper instruments arc functioning cor ator at Scott Base while Ted Gawn rectly and to make any necessary has a week or two in New Zealand adjustments, as well as to make the before returning lo the Base for his periodical change of record roll. third Antarctic winter. December, 1964

OCEANOGRAPHY samples and to examine the bottom- living animals in selected areas. Oceanographic work this summer will comprise three projects: (3) Balleny Islands Expedition: When the ship is standing off the is islands, biological stations, involving of H.M.N.Z.S. "Endeavour" a scien dredging and trawling for bottom- tific party of three men from the living animals and sediments, will be Physics Department, Victoria Univer carried out, particularly in Moubray sity of Wellington, will carry out Bay, Robertson Bay and off Cape Total Magnetic Field and Seismic Adare. If bottom conditions prove Profile measurements, involving the suitable similar work will be done use of a proton magnetometer and over the Cape Adare Bank (68° 71' an explosive seismic profiler. S., 171° 30-172° 30' E.). From 65° On the first trip (December 1964) northwards, the objective will be to the programme will be implemented plot the course of the submarine by S. T. Reid, a Physics Honours ridge presumed to link thc Balleny student, and two assistants. For the region with Macquarie Island by second trip (February 1965) D. I. way of Hjort Seamount. Ross, junior lecturer in Physics, will be in charge of the oceanographic SCOTT'S HUT AT programme. The aim is to complete the magnetic record previously ob HUT POINT tained, which has provided convinc Thc Antarctic Division, with the ing evidence of the existence of a co-operation of the Antarctic Society regular sub-bottom magnetic anoma and the Commander U.S. Antarctic ly pattern across the South Pacific Support Activities, proposes to com Ocean and the foothills of the plete this summer the restoration of South Pacific Ridge. The purpose of the hut erected by Captain Scott's the seismic profile measurements is first ("Discovery") Expedition on to obtain a detailed record of the Hut Point, McMurdo Sound. The old sub-bottom ...strata ...down... to... the hut, which is only a few hundred basic rock, which might be several yards from the main American basc miles below the sea bottom. of McMurdo, was cleared of ice and snow last summer (1963-64) by (2) Between the two supply cruises, four volunteers from the Antarctic "Endeavour" will make a special Society. A surprising quantity of oceanographic cruise extending from stores and equinment was found January 11 to February 5. The cruise buried in the ice of 40 years and leader will be I. N. Estcourt of the more, and carefully stored awaiting N.Z. Oceanographical Institute, and a decision as to its disposal. he will be assisted by K. B. Lewis, R. J. Singleton, I. D. Slater and one The Huts Restoration Committee other still to be selected. requested Messrs. Quartermain and Gibbs (leaders of the Restoration The main purpose of the cruise parties of 1960-61 and 1963-64 respec will be to carry out echo-sounding tively) to confer on the best way to runs in an east-west band from the restore the hut to its expedition-time vicinity of the Snares Islands as far appearance while at the same time as the Bounty and Antipodes Islands: making it available for inspection then to carry on with more echo- without the danger of damage or sounding runs in a south-westerly pilfering. Their recommendations direction from the Antipodes towards were adopted by thc committee and Campbell Island. Thc object is to arc to be implemented during Decem define the shape of the northern and ber 1964-January 1965. This work will eastern edges of the Campbell Plat be in the hands of Mr. Gibbs and eau. Very little is at present known Mr. Rodney Smith, a qualified archi about the area close to the Antipodes tect who was one of Mr. Gibbs's team and in the vicinity of Campbell last summer. Help will be afforded Island. by one of the Scott Base carpenters During these voyages, opportunity and by members of the American will be taken to collect sediment Support Force. December, 1964

The proposal is to restore the hut electrical engineer with the N.Z. to the appearance it had when occu Electricity Department. After study pied under conditions of great hard at the School of Engineering, Arcl- ship by members of the Ross Sea morc, and the University of Canter Party of Shackleton's Trans-Antarctic bury, he gained his degree in 1951. Expedition in 1916 after the survi He is a keen soccer player and his vors' return from depot-laying in the hobbies include photography, geolo far south. gy, bee-keeping and house-building. He is a married man with three WINTER PARTY children. J. Calvert (30), photographer, is an A few more details about the men who will be wintering over at Scott Englishman by birth. He served his apprenticeship in photography till Hase during 1965. 1953 and then became a photogra For the Leader, Adrian Hayter, see pher in the R.A.F. till 1955, after he June issue; and for J. E. (Ted) Gawn rejoined his old firm. He came to and Brian M. Judd, who have win New Zealand in 1963 and is employed tered at the Base before, see "Ant in Christchurch as a Press photogra arctic", September 1963. pher. A. L. (Buzz) Burrows (45), Senior D. R. C. Lowe (30), field assistant, Scientist, was born in Christchurch was born in England and educated and attended Waitaki Boys' High at London. He came to New Zealand School and Marlborough College. in 1949 and his home is now in Auck After clerical work in Blenheim he land. He is single. A very experienced was on war service in Greece, Crete mountaineer, Dave Lowe has been and the Middle East, and joined the until his appointment a Ski Facility D.S.I.R. in 1947. He has travelled Operator at Ruapehu. extensively on magnetic field work I. B. McDonald (24), the other field throughout the Pacific Islands and assistant, was born in Christchurch the sub-Antarctic and was in the where he still has his home. He was winter party at Scott Base through educated at St. Andrew's College and out 1958. He is married and has four Christchurch Technical College. He children. is married. A keen and experienced Scientific Officer D. L. Foster- climber, he has won national hon Lynam (22) was born in Greymouth ours as an ice skater . and educated at Greymouth Techni B. B. Dorrington, fitter-electrican, cal High School 1956-58. He is an who is 23, was born at Howick and L.A.C. at the R.N.Z.A.F. Station, attended Thames High School 1954- Whenuapai. On the completion of his 58. He was an Electrical fitter appren Senior Technician's Course in 1962 tice at H.M.N.Z. Dockyard, Auck he was posted to Singapore and Thai land. He is single. land. A keen skin-diver and Rugby C. E. Hough ^29^ fitter-mechanic, and water polo player, his home is was born and still has his home in now in Christchurch. He is married. Gisborne, where he attended the Scientific Officer G. L. Jones, B.Sc. local high school. He is a fitter em (22), is a Dunedin boy now working ployed by the Ministry of Works. at the Physics and Engineering R. C. Wright (29). storeman, was Laboratory, Gracefield. He attended born in Dunedin, where he attended Waitaki Boys' High School in 1958-59 King Edward Technical College for and Otago University 1960-64, gain two "ears. He is very keen on tramn- ing his degree in Physics. He is ing and deer-stalking, but found time single. to build his own house, unaided. He T. E. Sanson, B.E., also a Scientific is a married man with two children. Officer, is 38. Born at Te Awamutu D. J. Haycock (37), cook, was born and a pupil of Hamilton Technical and educated in England. He served High School, his home is now in in the Royal Marines 1945-48, one Hokitika, where until he resigned to year on active service. Then, after a go south, he was a science teacher period in hotel management, he be at Westland High School. Previously came a chef in the R.N.Z.A.F. from he was for three years an assistant 1958 to 1964. He is married. December, 1964

SOIL RESEARCH HALLETT TO CLOSE The two New Zealand soil scien tists, Claridge and Campbell, flew As forecast, Hallett Station is to from Scott Base to Hallett on Octo become merely a summer research ber 28. During a fortnight's stay and air operations centre. This they man-hauled a light sledge to change, envisaged for some time, has examine a number of areas within been precipitated by the disastrous a radius of a dozen miles of the fire which destroyed much of the base — Luther Peak, Cape Christie, scientific equipment and records Felsite Island, Redcastle Ridge — during the winter. collecting samples and sorting out the soil and weather pattern where outcrops and bare ground occurred. Miller, of the 1964 wintering team, They ascended a 6,000 ft. peak on and R. C. Martindale were flown to the ridge behind Luther Peak and Hallett to assist D. Rowles in the from here sighted an apparently dismantling and packing of the New Zealand scientific equipment for re "possible" climbing route to the summit of Mount Herschel (11,900 turn to Scott Basc pr New Zealand. All three men returned to Scott feet). Base on November 10. Mosses and lichens were found in abundance in the basin between Begun as a joint scientific effort Luther Peak and the sea. for I.G.Y. in 1957, Hallett has been an important link in the upper atmo sphere physics chain; as well as serving as a communications relay Two electronics trainees at the station between McMurdo and New Physics and Engineering Laboratory, Zealand and as an alternate landing Gracefield, C. Batterbury and J. facility for U.S. aircraft. Its mainten Talbot, travelled on "Endeavour's" ance as a winter research station is, first cruise, and are to spend about however, too much of an undertak six weeks at Scott Base to become ing for its scientific contribution to familiar with the scientific equip justify, so it is to become a summer ment and its operation. only facility, manned still by both countries. Also on "Endeavour" are sea cadet Petty Officers K. J. Howland (Tauranga), B. M. Hirst (Welling The first flight in to Hallett this ton), A. Rogers (Wellington) and summer was made on October 3, D. W. Stuart (Nelson). when Admiral Reedy flew in by Hercules from McMurdo. On Octo ber 27 a wheeled Hercules en route FOUR M.P.s from Christchurch to McMurdo touched down on the sea-ice and Four Members of Parliament are landed cargo. likely to visit the Antarctic this sum mer as the guests of the United States . 'COPTER CRASH They are Messrs. A. Dick (Nat., Waitaki), D. S. Thomson (Nat., Strat On November 8 a U.S. Army UH1B ford), B. P. MacDonald (Lab., Dune helicopter crashed when attempting din Central), and Mr. J. Mathison to land on a 13,400 ft. peak in the (Lab., Avon). Admiralty Range forty miles from Hallett. None of the four occupants ACKNOWLEDGMENT was injured. They were immediately picked up by an accompanying heli The photograph in our last issue copter and flown back to Hallett. A of the crew of the "mercy flight" fortnight later a Hercules trans Hercules came to us by the courtesy ported a replacement helicopter of the Lockheed Corporation. from Christchurch to Hallett. December, 1964 NO TIME FOR HIBERNATION A LEADER REFLECTS by RUSSELL E. RAWLE" I flew to with some told. When winter reached us, nebulous ideas about the probable though bodily urges were towards effect upon men of the extreme cold lethargy, to preserve mental and phy and dryness of that latitude, and of sical fitness we kept mentally and the mental stresses imposed by the physically occupied and avoided ex isolation of an Antarctic night. cess of eating and drinking. Every I had read what, in 1914, Sir Ray one faithfuly shared in base chores, mond Priestley had written upon inside and outside the base; we "The Psychology of Exploration". moved abroad in dark and twilight With satisfaction I had noted that regularly when weather permitted; what he described at the "cata we busied ourselves with work pro strophic phase" seemed to apply to grammes as well as our specific tough seaborne or overland expedi duties, and from July onward, rather tions of thc past heroic age. This disconsolately took stock, for re phase, surely, was unlikely to be supply purposes, of the many things encountered in a summer season of at Base. air-supported modern adventure; Few of us read many books, but but could the "Polar madness" — there were a lot of films to see and which Sir Raymond directly asso American colleagues to entertain — ciates with hard times — be expect and that took time. Some of us ed to creep upon a winter party well yearned for the quiet of Scott's and found at Scott Base? Shackleton's huts where tempera The possibility of a mild outbreak tures were lower but noise levels of irresponsibility likely to attract zero and some hibernation probable. disaster such as fire could not be As Postmaster I can attest that excluded. How then to avoid these outward mail was not heavy. This hard times and so avert the further may have been directly due to an hazards they generate? The answer efficient telephone service which des seemed to be — hibernate, as much troyed all sense of isolation. The as you can! East German Border, even was at What a glorious prospect—to hib hand to be called if wanted — our ernate! To escape modern rat-racing masters in Wellington were close at in the arms of Antarctic silences; to hand by radio. "encourage ample reading and reflec Is it unusual then, that a gentle tion and stimulate the full elabora man in Cambridge should think that tion of first thought" (a). to be in haste to catch the mail at Covet the opportunities of Sum Scott Base, was strange? Yet we mer field parties to curl up like were in great haste to catch the huskies during blizzards if you like; historic mid-winter mail that flew but don't expect to hibernate at Scott out on June 26, 1964. Base in winter any more than during Many of us have had the promised continuous daylight of Summer. day-long sleep since we returned to The trouble seems to be that New Zealand. None of us developed throughout the precious Summer Polar madness. For my part I still days all strive to achieve targets set have to absorb the remarkable sub for thc Summer Scientific pro stance of Pierre Tielhard de Char- grammes. In this we developed a po din's "Phenomenon of Man" which sitive attitude of mind regarding Admiral Reedy recommended to me work out-put; so that by winter the in Antarctica—the idea place in habit of working overcame the ten which to read it — had I time to do dency to find reasons why not to it. work — an Antarctic failing I am (a) Huxley re Pierre Tielhard de * Leader, Scott Base, 1963-4. Chardin. December, 1964 Fifteenth French Expedition Leaves for Adelie Land The French team to occupy Dumont d'Urville Base during 1965 left Paris by air on November 30 and will board the expedition relief ship "Thala Dan" at Hobart. Preparations for the relief of Base main scientific buildings will be Dumont d'Urville and France's sub- erected as well as two light shelters. Antarctic Island stations had been This relief team will also have to in full swing for some time before erect a barracks building designed this issue went to press. Every effort to increase the capacity of Dumont has been made to allow for as long d'Urville during the coming years. a summer working season as pos sible at all stations. RECONSTRUCTION WORK The summer partv is under the Already the task of renewing the direction of Paul-Emile Victor, who Dumont d'Urville base ba<: mnrle is accompanied by M. P. Roland good headway. The new _ (Chief Administrator of Terres Aus- has gone into service and the first trales et Antarctiques Francaises) of the two new planned labo and Colonel Pedoya, a professor at the Practical Training School of the buildings should be completeu uur- ing the summer. Army Health Service. This laboratory will have separate The wintering team numbers 20, rooms for meteorology, m?o:np|i<;m half of them scientists, and is led seismology, cosmic rays ant by Claude Lorius, veteran of many French and Antarctic ex radioactivity. peditions. Others with long Polar The material for the erection of experience are Dr. P. Dumas and the second laboratory will be un mechanics Marc Bongiovanni and loaded. This building is planned to Jean-Marie Peillet, while five men house a biological laboratory, an have wintered on the Kerguelen auroral station, and a workshop for Islands. precision engineering work. Some rooms will remain for the workers in other disciplines as the need SPECIAL PROJECTS arises. The scientific programme of the A radiosonde balloon-launching new expedition comprises for a start shelter will be erected with a sliding the rebuilding of the geomagnetic and seismological stations, and the roof giving an opening four metres by five — the whole top of the shel cosmic ray installations. The biolo ter— to allow the largest possible gists' main task will be the banding of 6,000 penguins and other birds. space for the launchings. A cold storage room with a capacity of 50 The customary air-glow and meteor- cubic metres for meat is also en ogical observations and ionospheric visaged. soundings will be continued. During the summer (December "THALA DAN" 1964 and early 1965), 27 other men will be stationed on Terre Adelie, The necessary building materials some carrying out drilling of the ice were loaded on the "Thala Dan" at bordering the continental plateau, Le Havre on October 15-17. Captain marine biological studies and topo V. Pedersen will command the ves graphical surveys, others engaged on sel for the fourth year. The only building and repair work about the shore-team members to travel on base. During this period of relatively "Thala Dan" from France to Austra favourable climatic conditions, two lia will be the two men engaged on December, 1964 the occanographical programme: tend from December to March, the Gerard Pelissier (radio-active fall period between the two voyages of out, sampling and filtrating of air), the relief ship. "Thala Dan will and Piere Le Morvan (whale and carry an Alouette II helicopter to sea-bird observation and migration facilitate the work programme. studies). M. Victor and the winter During the summer it is planned and summer parties will join the to mount a plateau traverse aimed to ship at Hobart. "Thala Dan" is ex provide valuable data in , pected to reach Terre Adelie about topography and biology, as well as mid-December. to prospect for a suitable site on As soon as unloading is completed, which to erect the 70 m. antenna for both summer and winter teams will the future ionospheric station. be quartered in the various buildings on L'lle des Petrels. The ship will 14th EXPEDITION leave for Melbourne and will cary The wintering team under Jean out Australian station reliefs: an Marin seems lo have carried out the experiment in co-operation within normal scientific observations with the framework of the Antarctic out mishap, while also seeing to the Treaty. En route, "Thala Dan" will fitting up of the laboratories erected touch again at Terre Adelie and will in the early months of 1964. disembark a few more technicians Although October was notable for and scientists (four for the winter some heavy snowfalls, spring team, three for the summer party). brought the usual animation to the During the voyage a magnetic sur base with the arrival of the petrels, vey will be made for the first time the skuas, the birth of the young between Australia and Terre Adelie. seal pups and the arrival of the first When the Australian stations have contingents of Adelie penguins, who been relieved, "Thala Dan" will re always greet their human compan turn once more to Terre Adelie in ions before setting about the re-occu early March and will take back to pation of their rookeries. France the members of the 14th Ex pedition and the present summer party, 45 men in all. REUNION During the homeward voyage as Lord Shackleton, son of Sir far as Australia, then on to Europe, , sponsored in by way of the Indian Ocean and the June a gathering of survivors of his Suez Canal, the same scientific ob father's 1914-16 "Endurance" expedi servations will be made as on the tion. A radio broadcast had been outward voyage. made appealing for names and ad dresses. The reunion was held at ALGAE STUDY the House of Lords to mark the R. Delepine, algologist, left Paris 50th anniversary of the departure of on October 15 on his way to Melchior the expedition from London. Among Island (64° 20' S., 62^ 59' W.) in the six veterans present were Dr the portion of the Ant James Mcllroy (84) and Mr William arctic Peninsula. At Montevideo he Bakewell (75) who travelled special will join an American biological ex ly from the United States, with his pedition which is to work on the daughter, for thc reunion. island. THAT GERMAN AGAIN PROGRAMME The Deutsches Institut fur Aus- The scientific programme for the landsforschung has informed that iming year comprises work in Geo mine of Polar philatelic information magnetism, Ionosphere, Aurora and "Dill Reports the News" (874 Bad Airglow, Cosmic Rays, Radio Neustadt/Fracnk, Saale, Martin activity, Seismology, Glaciology and Luther Str. 28, West ) that Biology. the private expedition still being or The period available for full-scale ganised by Dr. Herligkoffer "will not summer work by all hands will ex start before November 1965". December, 1964 Russian Geologists Prepare for Tenth Antarctic Expedition

.he first group of the 1964-65 ex 70.000 knr. The Soviet explorers fi*-. pedition left Russia on the diesel- of all studied and described the crys electric vessel "Ob" on November talline base of the great Antarctic 30. Thc 300-slrong expedition in shelf. It turned out to be the same as cludes the well-known Polar explorer that of the other continents — Aus Mikhail Ostrekin. tralian, African, South-American and Indian. Antarctica is the largest The motorship Estonia left Lenin charnockite region of the world grad on December 4 carrying 160 (charnockites are the oldest granites members of the expedition, led by on earth whose age is estimated be the new director of Mirny observa tween 500 million and 2 billion tory, Ivan Petrov. years). The geological history of the It is probable that in due course Antarctic base was studied: its ori gin, its plutonic processes and its Molodezhnaya will become the prin rocks. It was also found that the cipal Russian station. This will not, however, be in 1965 or 1966. The base was rich in some interesting Soviet "metropolis" is still Mirny, fossils. despite some newspaper stories. HOW OLD ARE THE ROCKS? This year extensive traverses like Recently more than 300 tests have those of the 1963-64 summer are not been carried out to determine the planned. The major programme of absolute age of Antarctic rocks. It scientific activity is that associated has been established that the oldest with the International Quiet Sun rock (2 billion years) is a granulitic Year. crystallite schist and the youngest (9 million years) is old lava from GEOLOGISTS' PLANS the extinct Gaussberg volcano. In the Antarctic Section of the Many other interesting finds have Institute of Geology the monograph been made. One of them was an "The geology of " 8 kg. iron meteorite. It has also been is being finalized for publication. established from various experi Also, the 10th Soviet Antarctic ex ments that the thickness of the pedition is being organized under earth's crust in the southern regions the leadership of D. S. Solov'ev for reaches 15-20 km., while in the research in near oceans surrounding the Antarctic it Molodezh Station. The detachment is only a few kilometres. is being provided with new equip ment and will have at its disposal RUSSIAN MAPS two aircraft — one light and one In December of this year an Inter heavy — and they will operate with national Geological Congress will be in a 300 km radius from Molodezh. held in Delhi where the Soviet scien This 10th expedition is in a way a tists will present their papers on inl-.iice expedition. It will have to Antarctic charnockites, the origin of continue the work begun and car its crystallite base and also the abso ried on by the previous nine expedi lute age of its rocks. Here for the tions. Geologists took part in all first time will be shown the geologi these expeditions. cal and structural maps of the Ant arctic compiled by thc Soviet scien Only 600,000 square kilometres of the Antarctic are free from ice. So tists. far, 200,000 km" have been explored (Compiled from an interview with by the geologists of various coun Prof. M. G. Ravich, Assistant Direc tries. The Soviet "share" is about , Institute of Antarctic Geology.) December, 1964

CZECH PART THE WIND EXPLAINED IT Late in October an unusual piece Antarctic wintering-over men, says of luggage was forwarded to Lenin a Russian writer, have learned to grad from the Czechoslovak Acad use the wind as a compass: in the emy of Sciences. It was equipment evening it always blows from the for the study of aurorae and mag south owing to the discharge of cold netic fields to be used by the Czech air from thc Antarctic ice-cap to scientists, Joseph Skok and Stefan wards the ocean. Pinter, who are taking part in the The party making the journey new expedition. to Molodezhnaya under Andrei Kap itza last summer was very surprised, PLANS FOR 1965 therefore, when passing through the At Vostok, in the area of the South centre of the "white spot" of Queen Geomagnetic Pole, 15 men under A. Maud Land, heading north, to find Shirochkov will undertake research that they were travelling against the in meteorology, ionosphere, aurora, wind for several days on end. radio-waves, the earth's magnetic After several periods of seismic field, cosmic rays, etc. sounding they made the discovery of The wintering party at Mirny will a high (3,000 m.) sub-glacial moun be headed by I. G. Pelrov, a geo tain ridge reaching out to the ocean. grapher and a very experienced This then was the secret. The extra Polar explorer. As well as partici ordinary head wind meeting the ex pating in many air and sea expedi plorers was a katabatic wind for tions to the Arctic regions he was a which the mountain ridge was re member of the drifting research sta sponsible. The wind had helped them tions "SP-2" and SP-4". to discover high mountains buried • Working with thc Russians this under the Antarctic ice.

Democraticyear will be Republic, men from Czechoslova the German kia, Hungary, Poland and Japan, TRACKING THE WHALES while the exchange of scientists be tween the Soviet and American ex Whalers of many countries have long marked whales with non-cor peditions will continue. rosive metal tags. Hundreds of Mirny will transmit meteorologi marked whales have later been cal reports to the whaling factory- killed, including many marked in ships Sovietskaya Ukraina, Soviet- Antarctic waters, and the informa skaya Russiya, Slava and Jurig Dal- tion thus afforded about the whale gorukij. migration has been tabulated. Mark ed whales have been found as long HEADED FOR VOSTOK as 30 years after the marking. Late in October a sledge tractor- This, however, has given no in train consisting of nine heavy trac formation about where the whale tors and nine sledges left Mirny has been in the meantime. Russian carrying 400 tons of food supplies, oceanographers now have a plan to :quipmcnt, fuel and lubricants thc track marked whales. They propose 1,500 Km. to Vostok. En route the to fit the markers with "miniature convoy was to re-open Komsomol radio transmitters which will be skaya for seasonal work. A radio- operated by the thermal energy of operator-meteorologist and a mech the whales themselves. anic were to remain at Komsomol skaya. The convoy was under the command of E. Zimin. It was reported on November 18 Two whales met. One said to thc that the convoy had reached Kom other: somolskaya, roughly halfway be "Who was that woman I saw you tween Mirny and Vostok. The train with last night?" had travelled 860 Km. The vehicles "That wasn't a woman," said the were being overhauled here before other. "That was one of those gor carrying on to Vostok. geous submarines." December, 1964 AUSTRALIA MAKES IMPORTANT BASE CHANGES TO BE REPLACED The Australian Government has Wilkes: 24. Officer in Charge, John decided to build a replacement for H. Lanyon. Wilkes Station in the Antarctic be In each case this includes 4 weather cause of the deteriorating condition observers, 4 physicists, 6 radio staff, of the existing station, which is im a glaciologist, a medical officer and a pairing the efficiency of the opera surveyor, the others being techni tion there and which increasingly cians and tradesmen. The Mawson presents a risk of fire. The new team will leave Melbourne on M.V. station will be built at a good rocky "Nella Dan" on or about December site about a mile from the existing 22; the Wilkes team on "Thala Dan" station. It will be designed to cater about January 5. for the same range of scientific and technical activities as are conducted COME AGAIN! at the present station. The work on Twenty of the men comprising the the new Wilkes will commence when 1965 teams at Australia's three sta the station is relieved in January, tions are going down for the second 1965, and is expected to take up to time. Five are making their third four years to complete. The transfer tour. from the existing station will be effected when the new station is T H E A N A R E S TAT I O N S completed. With the pending closing of Davis It will be recalled that Australia station it is opportune to list the had accepted custody of the equip stations in full. ment and installations at Wilkes Mawson 67° 36' S., 62° 52' E. estab Station from the United States, with lished 1954. out charge, under an agreement Wilkes (admin, control taken over between the two Governments sign from U.S.A., Jan. 1959) (66° 16' S., ed on 4th February, 1959. The United 110° 32' E.). S t a t e s G o v e r n m e n t h a s b e e n Davis (68° 35' S., 77° 58' E.). Est. informed of the decision to replace 13 Jan., 1957, to be closed end Feb., the station at Wilkes. 1965. Scientific obs. will cease 31 October., 1964. DAVIS TO CLOSE Macquarie I. (54° 30' S., 158° 57' E.) Along with the decision to build See under Sub-Ant. Islands. the replacement for Wilkes Station it Automatic Weather Stations has been decided to close Davis Sta Lewis Island (66° 06' S., 134° 22' tion next February when the 1964 E). Party is picked up for return to Chick Island (66° 47' S., 121° E.). Australia. will, how ever, be left in a condition ready for THE LAW RECIPE immediate rcoccupation and opera The question "What mixture tion should this at any time become makes the best Antarctic man?" was desirable. Normally about twelve put to Phil Law, Director of thc men have been stationed at Davis. Antarctic Division, Australian De STAFFING FOR 1965 partment of External Affairs. The Law recipe puts love of the With one less station the ANARE job in first importance, followed by complements at the continental sta unselfishness, tolerance, optimism tions will be:— ("pessimists I avoid like the Mawson: 27. Officer in Charge, plague"), a sense of adventure and Brian C. Z. Woinarski. an avid curiosity. ANTARCTIC December, 1964 SPRINGTIME AT THE BASES

MAWSON some popularity when flare paths August at Mawson was one lit the snow slopes below the camp of the worst months ever for bliz for some men to try these adapta zards, with 22 days of gale-force tions to their sport. winds and drift snow. The strongest Two men from Davis suffered wind was 98 m.p.h., the average from frostbitten toes following a wind was 29 m.p.h., the lowest tem field trip inland on the plateau in the perature minus 20.5° F. The impos second week of September. The men sibility of forecasting this bad were operating at 68° 30' S., 24 miles weather was proved when meteorolo east of Davis, laying a supply depot. gist Stalker, together with White- Temperatures dropped overnight to house and Warhaft, were caught out minus 40° F. and the wind rose so on a short dog-sledging trip; the that they unable to start their snow visibility on leaving being ten miles, trac vehicles next day. Confined to but on returning only ten yards. The their tent for two days two men same sudden blizzard caught were frostbitten by the intense cold. Brocklehurst, Williams and Miller, The frostbitten men were Trott, who were halfway to Fisher Nunatak Officer-in-Charge at Davis, and Good- on a day trip, but were forced to all, of Rochester, diesel mechanic. spend three days sitting out the bad The third man in the party, Bakker, weather in a snowtrac. The weather radio operator, escaped injury. held up preparation for two field When they were able to start the trips. snowtrac two days later the party On September 1, spring was her returned to Davis to receive medical alded by two rare days of perfect attention. weather, with calm and no cloud, resulting in much colour film being used. WILKES Apart from a few unpleasant bliz DAVIS zards, the longest one lasting six In early August, Davis Station had days, Wilkes weather in August was very pleasant. The highest wind gust the longest blizzard for the year was 109 m.p.h. and the lowest tem when it continued to blow for six perature minus 18° F. , days, even removing sea ice which was well over four feet thick. So ORDEAL IN BLIZZARD once again water was quite close to Michael Bonnici, Weather Obser ver at Wilkes, had a nan ath in early ' hole through newly-formed ice, his no part of his duties he was only catch was one tiny shrimp, plus struggling across the 80 yards sep visits from many seals who used his arating the balloon hut from the rawin hut in a heavy blizzard when hole as a breathing hole. he tripped and lost his bearings in The trip to Platcha by Goodall, the darkness of the storm. Thc oliz- Griffin and Whelan for the further zard lines provided to assist men clearing of the rock road on to the moving between buildings were Plateau, turned out to be a wasted buried in the snow. Struggling effort when later in the month a against the high wind Bonnici floun snow drift was found, up which thc dered around in the deep snow for snowtrac was able to drive straight five hours. He was just at the point on to the Plateau from the sea ice. of exhaustion when by sheer luck, A short trip to Ellis Fjord, then to he collided with the sferics hut, 100 Platcha via the Plateau, gave the yards east of his objective, and re three men a taste of pitching tents cognised it. and camping in a blizzard. This is Bonnici's story of his five At Davis, night skiing achieved hours lost in the snow: December, 1964

"The trouble started after I left getting scared and desperate. the met. hut to walk 80 yards to thc "I started to cry. ... I couldn't balloon hut to make an observation. move the rope. I slipped and fell on "All of a sudden the weather to the sea ice and sank up to my struck. In a matter of seconds visi waist. bility was zero, winds of 90 m.p.h. "I managed to drag myself to started to howl and, incredibly, I safety up the rope and then I sud was lost. denly saw the outline of a hut just "While I was floundering around beyond the end of the rope. I found an abandoned crate. I "I didn't know whether the hut scooped out the snow with my hands was just in my imagination or if it and crawled inside to rest and try was a nightmare. I knew if I found to work out what to do. , the hut wasn't there it would be the "I set out again and made three end. or four unsuccessful sorties. Then "I took the chance and stumbled I found a length of rope half-buried to the hut — boy, was it a relief! in the snow. "It was one of the radio huts and "I tied the rope round my waist, I managed to contact the main camp fixed it in place with a rusty nail and tell them I was OK and to call from the packing case — I thought off the search. my fingers were too frozen to untie "Then I collapsed." a knot — and tied the other end of "I must have blacked out," he the rope round the packing case. said. "The next thing I knew was "Off I went again with the rope waking up in the camp hospital but I still couldn't find anything. eight hours later swathed in band The rope started to get buried under ages, and surrounded by hot water the snow that was falling and I was bottles." Ice Dome could be Antarctica in Miniature On November 11, O'Leary, leader Wilkes "model", with an area of only of the ANARE party at Wilkes sta about 7,000 square miles, will enable tion, left with five companions and glaciologists more clearly to under five vehicles on an Antarctic journey stand the great ice mass economy of of two months' duration over the Antarctica as a whole. Plateau. The other members of the On September 23 of this year, a party are Whitworth, seismolo four-man party, led by K. Budnick, gist; Simmons, radio technician; surveyor, set out again for the dome Rogers, radio operator; Hulcombe, with two vehicles and a large cara diesel mechanic; and Jones, mech van. His companions were P. Mor anic-driver. gan, glaciologist; J. O'Shea, radio Traverses carried out by ANARE operator; and R. Hall, diesel mech men from Wilkes station over the anic. From the centre of the dome past four years have revealed an ice they headed north to a point about dome rising to about 4,500 feet above seven miles south of Cape Poinsett sea level and centred about 70 miles and then westerly to Cape Folger to the south-cast of the station. The and Wilkes. During the journey, the Wilkes dome is of special interest to party measured the height of the glaciologists as its shape and glacial ice surface, erected stakes to enable behaviour are considered in many parties in later years to measure snow accumulation, and made grav Antarctic continent, which has the ity measurements. They returned to very large area of 5Vz million square Wilkes after a successful journev on miles and is now generally held to October 29. be a huge ice dome. It is hoped that O'Leary's party will set out initi I waysstudies to of be the characteristic very much ofsmaller the ally for a point 50 miles south-east December, 1964 of Wilkes. From this point they will JAPAN PREPARES carry out a traverse along six FOR 1965-66 f>arallelong and lines, ten miles each apart, about measuring100 miles the thickness of the ice and the height of the bedrock at ten-mile The Japanese Government having intervals by seismic and gravity finally decided to re-open Showa methods. By early January, this Base in the 1965-66 summer as a per party is expected to return to the manent base, the National Antarctic dome and split into two groups, one Committee of the Science Council of travelling to Cape Folger, erecting Japan is pushing ahead with its pre stakes, measuring the height of the parations, as well as with the publi ice surface and taking gravity read cation of the data and conclusions ings, the other following the route resulting from the work done at of the earlier glaciological party, led Showa Base from 1957 to 1963. by Budnick, but making seismic Last summer Captain Honda and soundings. , two other officers travelled on a When the last of this year's parties United States ice-breaker in order returns to Wilkes in late January, to observe American Antarctic oper the total distance traversed this sum ations. Japan's own ice-breaker is in mer by ANARE men based on Wilkes course of construction and is ex will have been about 1,000 miles. pected to be ready for use in Sep tember 1965, in good time to play PROGRAMME FOR 1965 a vital part in the re-activation of Showa Base. The ice-breaker will be Included in the ANARE pro of 5,000 tons basic displacement, grammes for 1965 are:— 100 m. long, 22 m. wide and has a Traverses from Wilkes station speed of 17 knots. The ship will have within a 240 km radius to study ice 12,000 h.p. diesel-electric engines. She thickness; station interval 30 km. will carry three large helicopters. Geology of MacRobertson, Kemp and Enderby Lands. Extension of BIOLOGY geological mapping at a scale of The third symposium on Antarctic 1:250,000 by several parties trans Biology was held at the offices of the ported by ship-borne helicopters Science Council of Japan on Febru during 1964-65 summer. Collection of specimens for paleomagnetic ary 29. 35 scientists participated. measurement and age determination. PUBLICATIONS Along the Enderby Land littoral, trimetrogon aerial photography and As is usual, responsibility for the radar altimeter flights by ship-borne scientific programme, both prepara Beaver aircraft during summer of tory work and the subsequent re 1964-65. cording and publication, is shared Vestfold Hills: Continuation of among the scientific institutions geological studies during 1964-65 mostly concerned with the disci summer. plines" involved: Upper Atmosphere Physics (geomagnetism and earth currents, ionosphere, aurora and air TOKYO TO MAWSON glow, cosmic rays), Meteorology, Bob Lachal, who rowed No. 3 in Earth Science (seismology, gravity, the Australian eight at the Tokyo geology), Glaciology, Oceanography, Olympics, is a member of the new Geochemistry and Biology, as well as team for Australia's . Logistics and Cartography. He is to be the assistant cook. Bob 23 numbers of the "Antarctic Re didn't think he would be able to get cord" have now been published, con back in time for the week of inten taining articles in both Japanese and sive training which began on Octo English, and in addition, a consid- ber 27, but he managed to get an able number of special scientific re early plane and, as he told a reporter, ports have been issued independent "It's been quite a rush, but I made ly as well as those published in it." various scientific journals. December, 1964 RETURN OF THE SUN HERALDS BUSY DAYS AT SANAE

The South African station SANAE corded. September was very little is situated on the Princess Martha "milder" with —29.4° C. but the sun coast of Queen Maud Land at 70° shine hours shot up to 85 hours. 18' S., 2° 21' W., 52 m. above sea October showed the usual rapid level. The personnel wintering oyer warming up with a mean tempera number 13. Programmes are carried ture of —18.1° C. and 163 hours of out in Aurora, Geology, Geomagnet sunshine. Back are the dark goggles ism, Glaciology, Gravity and to protect the eyes against the glare Ionospheric Physics. In addition, of the snow. Cosmic ray and Airglow observations Good weather enabled thc men to are made during the relief voyages supplement their dwindling diesoline of the motor vessel "R.S.A.". supply by digging out sufficient Medical and physiological research drums to last until the new team will bc discontinued during 1965, but arrives. The digging provided much- efforts will be made to re-establish needed exercise to the men after the these research programmes on a long inactivity of the winter. A thor more satisfactory basis during 1966. ough spring-cleaning of the base was also undertaken. The reconnaissance mapping of bedrock geology and geomorphology On August 24, geomagnetist Rob ertson, geologist du Plessis and diesel of the Ahlmannryggen and Borgmas- mechanic Jay departed on a geo sivet, Western Dronning Maud Land magnetic survey. Their trip took will be continued. Samples for geo them to the old Norwegian base, logical, palaeomagnetic and age de various ice rises, numerous buktas termination will be collected. and the sub-station. Additions to the glaciological pro gramme will include studies of the SIGNS OF SUMMER deformation of the ice shelf at the inland boundary, the rate and vol During September the unusual phenomenon of snow crystals falling ume of discharge of ice streams and from a clear blue sky was observed. melting at the base of the ice shelf. On a journey to Polarsirkelbukta, it The inland geophysical traverse was found still frozen over but will be extended beyond 72° S. Over- patches of open water were ob snow traverses are planned from served further out lo sea. Some new SANAE to the Trolltunga glacier icebergs were observed which, to tongue on the meridian of Green gether with old familiar ones, pre wich, and to the grounded areas to sented a breathtaking view on a the south-east of Norway Station. clear day. Although the base is 22 km Special efforts wil be made to from the buktas, one can see the reach maximum possible heights in whole coastline very clearly on a radiosonde soundings, as part of the day with strong mirage. IQSY programme. The seismic programme is pro gressing satisfactorily. During Janu BUSY DAYS BEGIN ary, three short period and three The South African Weather Bur long period seismometers were in eau reported in November: with the stalled at S.A.N.A.E. The short reappearance of the sun, outside period instruments are giving good activities at S.A.N.A.E. are increas results but thc long period ones are ing. Although August with a mean disappointing. Apart from earth tre temperature of —30.3° C. was the mors, interesting disturbances were coldest month of the year, there recorded, probably due to movement were already 35 hours of sunshine re of the ice shelf. The final analysis of December, 1964

the seismograms should produce some very interesting results. From about the middle of Novem ber S.A.N.A.E. will be enjoying the midnight sun. Already the brightest stars can only be seen with difficulty and final astro-fixes are being car ried out. Large numbers of Antarctic petrels have been circling the base and to wards the end of October, during a heavy snowfall, the temperature rose to —2° C. CREVASSE A severe setback forced the geo magnetic survey party to return to the base without completing its proposed task. About one kilometre from Polarsirkelbukta on the normal route, the snow bridge covering a probably newly-formed and thus un known crevasse, collapsed disas trously and swallowed up the cab oose, a sledge and two men of the field party, Bernie Booyens and Andre du Plessis. Fortunately the Muskeg had been detached after the first crack was noticed. Using the Muskeg, Jay and Robertson were able to rescue the others from 30 SKUAS ON WATCH: feet down in the 20 feet wide cre PENGUINS ON GUARD. vasse and fortunately there were no Photo: Guy Mannering. injuries. Ezekowitz and the base doctor Traut went to their aid with the dog sledge, taking spares for the originating from the sun and stars. defective Muskeg. The doctor treated The signal strength recorded giyes a the men for shock where necesary. measure of the density of the iono Two days later van Zyl and a party sphere and lower atmosphere. Dur salvaged all the important equip ing a balloon flight two neutron ment from the caboose. counter lubes are sent up. Pulses re It now appears that Polarsirkel corded by these tubes and atmo bukta is unsafe for offloading pur spheric pressure readings are trans- milted back to earth. From this data poses and another bukta will have to be found. With this in mind as a profile of intensity against pres well as pursuing further glaciologi- sure can be determined for neutrons in the atmosphere. Although the first flight was launched successfully, sig nals from the apparatus faded before the dog team. a really substantial height was COSMIC RAYS reached. Further flights are planned. The cosmic ray research pro The men are all looking forward gramme conducted by Kuhn com to Christmas and the arrival of the prises the following: a neutron moni relief ship. Ezekowitz is staying on tor, a riometer, and high altitude for another year. On October 10 the balloon flights. The neutron monitor annual Kruger Day "Bisley" was is used to determine both erratic held and, despite bad weather and a and cyclic time variation of solar cold breeze, Booyens won the com cosmic rays. The riometer measures petition with an $4 per cent perform- the signal strength of radio noise December, 1964

Belgian-Dutch Expeditions Plans for 1964-65 Summer Reconstruction of Roi Baudouin Base prevented the 1964 expedi tion from carrying out any extensive summer programme, but it is planned this summer to recommence and extend the programme initiated in 1960. Thexhe "Magga Dan", Dan", scheduled scheduled to to ment of the glaciers. The party trav- leave Antwerp Antwerp on on December December 6 6 carry carry- elling by vehicles will also be sup- ing men men of of the the Sixth Sixth Expedition Expedition ported by a helicopter of the Belgian (counting the the expedition expedition of of Adrien Adrien army. The later will also be standing dedc Gerlache in in 1897-9 1897-9 as as the thc first), first), by in case of rescue operations dur- sailed on on schedule. schedule. ing the photograrnmetnc flights- (J The 16 16 members members of of the the 1965 1965 ex- ex- men leader A dei Lignc Oblique peditionnedition and and thc the 19 19 summer summer person person- photographs of the coast and oi nel were were on on board. board. As As observers observers parts of the Soi Rondanc arc Baron G. G. de de Gerlache Gerlache (chairman (chairman of of planned. the Belgian-Dutch Antarctic Commit Geology. In the Sor Rondane tee) and M. van der Essen (Ministere Mountains and eventually the Bel des Affaires Etrangeres) accom gica Mountains, (a) the study of the panied the team. The 1965 expedi glacial morphology of the region, (b) tion (leader Bogaerts) will essen pedogenesis (the origin of tially continue the programme of rocks) and tectonics (earth move the 1964 expedition. ments) in relation to petrography A summer programe, extending at and strict order of past geological most over the few weeks between events already carried out in the the arrival of the expedition ship laboratory. The geological team will and its departure again for Europe, be flown out to the mountains. will provide an opportunity for spe cialist research men attached to Terrestrial Magnetism. Total inten various scientific institutions to be sity measurements during the voy absent from the universities, etc., age out and back. while they pay a short visit lo the Paleomagnetism. Collection of Antarctic. The majority of such rock samples in the mountains. specialists will join the ship at Cape town, after flying out from Holland Oceanography or Belgium. (a) between Capetown and Leopold Among the projects planned for III Bay. Continuous record of air the 1964-65 summer are the follow and sea surface temperatures; mea surement of the horizontal current; ing: collection of plankton, especially in Photogrametry. Aerial photo the area of the convergences. graphy of thc Sor Rondanc Moun tains 200 km. from thc Base. Aerial (b) at Leopold III Bay. Complete hydrographic station throughout 24 photography of the coastal area be tween the Japanese Showa Base and hours — temperature, salinity, oxy the Russian Novo Lazarev Station. gen and hydrogen ion determina tion; continuous record for 36 hours Aircraft for this project are avail by satellite buoy of thermal data in able and the programme will be im the first 20 metres; fixed point mea plemented by the Belgian Military surement (36 hours) of surface cur Geographic Institute and the Belgian rents and of currents al 100 and 200 Air Force. metres; bathythermography; new The stations of the 1959-1960 ex tide measurement — 36 hours; peditions wil be resurveyed giving plankton and micro-plankton; pri additional information on the move- mary productivity in situ by C11 and December, 1964

chlorophyll; record of sources of biological origin by acoustic buoy; TRANSLATIONS dredging and trawling, From time to time "Antarctic" has (c) between Leopold III Bay and been indebted for information to the Capetown. Same programme as on Soviet Antarctic Expedition Infor outward voyage. mation Bulletin, and has at times This oceanographic programme quoted from this valuable publica will be carried out by the Royal Bel tion. Up to the present 46 numbers gian Institute of Natural Sciences. have appeared, at irregular intervals since 1958. The American Elsevier AT BASE ROI BAUDOUIN Publishing Company has now pub lished for the American Geophysical This year the general scientific Union the first 20 numbers in an programme will be considerably ex English translation; vol. 1 compris tended. In meteorology, for instance, ing numbers 1 to 10 and vol. 2 num radio-sonde balloon launchings will bers 11 to 20. The library of the be undertaken. The geomagnetic pro Antarctic Division, D.S.I.R. has gramme will be amplified by the copies of these volumes as well as installation of a proton magneto the original bulletins in Russian, meter. 1-46. Each number as a rule contains about a dozen original papers result Dogs will not be used. They will be replaced by Polaris toboggans. ing from Soviet Antarctic research in geology, glaciology, meteorology, bio One Belgian will participate in thc logy, oceanography and other dis United States "zig-zag" traverse, ex ciplines, as well as more general tending over the summer months of notes. several years. This ambitious jour ney from the South Pole is expected A third volume, numbers 21-30, is to end at the Belgian Base in three expected to be published shortly. years' time. The translations of subsequent num bers, however, are being published Reports from the Belgian-Dutch in a different format. There will be party which has wintered at Base six issues, two of the original Bulle Roi Baudouin make it clear that tins to an issue. So far three of the health and morale have been excel new two-bulletin translations have lent, in spite of the fact that tele appeared, comprising numbers 31- phonic communication, satisfactory 32, 33734 and 35-36. The price for in the previous year, has not this the six issues will be $36.00, or year been possible. Luc Cabe's team S7.50 for individual issues. is expected back in Belgium about March 15. The Translation Service of the N.Z. The minimum temperature record Department of Internal Affairs has produced as "Plant Life in thc Ant ed during the winter was —45° C, arctic" an English version of an while a maximum wind velocity of article by G. Follmann 1 75 knots was recorded. lished in Die Unschau in Wissen- schaft und Technik, February 1964. This paper outlines thc botanical re V E T E R A N B A C K A G A I N sults of the 17th Chilean Antarctic Among those in the summer party Expedition. Enquiries should be at McMurdo, engaged in upper made of the Technical Information atmosphere research, will be veteran Officer, Information Service, D.S.I.R., Canadian explorer Sir Charles S. Wellington. Wright, of the Pacific Naval Labora tory, an expert in radioscience. As C. S. Wright, he was Captain Scott's SYMPOSIUM physicist in the 1910-13 British ex The organisers of the Eleventh pedition, took part in several field Pacific Science Congress to be held sledging journeys, and was leader of in Tokyo in August 1966 have sug the search party which found the gested that an Antarctic Symposium bodies of Scott, Wilson and Bowers. be held during the Congress. December, 1964 News From the British Bases An unusually early start was made and observations in the course of the 1 the spring field work in Graham South Orkney programme. Land. A party left Stonington in July New constructions will be a living to return to the east coast to con hut at and a fuel tinue geological, geophysical sur- oil storage tank at Signy Island. The —;ys. They are making excellent pro former will be built of moulded plas cess and have recently received tic sections, successfully tried at some air support from Adelaide Signy last season. (See below.) Island. The occasions when the JOINT SURVEY weather is suitable for flights across A joint hydrographic survey of the the plateau are rare. in the Antarc EARLY START tic will be undertaken by the British Those due to work in the region Antarctic Survey and the Royal of George VI Sound assembled at Navy. The Royal research ship John Bis Stonington in August. Some were coe will be used. It is due to sail already there, the remainder sledged over from Adelaide. Thc advance from Southampton on October 29. party set out over the sea ice but NEW HOME found it weak in places. Although British scientists and technicians they got safely through to Fossil on Deception Island will soon be liv Bay, the leader deemed it inadvis ing in a new fibreglass home. able for the main party to follow, The home will be taken by the and they returned to Stonington. research ship Shackleton leaving Fortunately, the aeroplanes made Southampton on October 8. On the transit from Deception to Ade board will be two Scottish carpen laide in mid September as planned ters who will erect the new building and no time was lost in flying the to replace the hut erected many main group down to join the ad years ago by whalers. vance party at . B.A.S. men have lived in one of One of the aeroplanes suffered the whaling huts probably erected damage in a gale, but this was re between 1920 and 1930 since the Base paired with very little interruption was established in 1944. At that time to the programme. there were two of the dormitory Winter temperatures at the bases buildings standing, both in excellent were fairly low. This fact coupled condititon. The first party occupied with the amount of pack ice re the best one, but it burnt down in maining off the west coast of 1964. No one was hurt and it was Graham Land in thc autumn, pointed fortunate they had another hut to to a possible difficult ice season move into. This was gradually reno ahead. However, an exceptional thaw vated and has been very satisfactory in October caused an early break up as a living hut. in the north and prospects are now At last, however, time is taking a little brighter. toll and rot has set in along the SUMMER PLANS back wall. "Oddly enough," savs Mr. J. R. Green, B.A.S. Operations Officer, Most of the field work in 1965 will "we have had a job persuading be in continuation of the current pro people at the base that the time gramme. The one new project is a has come to make a move, such is geological study of the region of the appeal of atmosphere." the Seward Mountains which will start in the spring of 1965. B.A.S. STATIONS During the summer of 1964-65 As readers may well be confused there will be detailed hydrographic bv the listing of Stations by letter surveys in the South Orkney and ("Base B" etc.), we again provide Argentine Islands areas. Geologists a list of B.A.S. Stations to be occu and a biologist will make landings pied in 1965, from north to south. December, 1964

Base H. Signy Island. 60° 43' S. 45° 36' W. Base B. Deception Island. 62° 59' S. 1984? 60° 34' W. ' Base F. Argentine Islands. 65° 15' S Dr. Phillip Law's "Sir John Morris 64° 16' W. Memorial Lecture" at the Hobart Base T. Adelaide Island. 67° 46' S Town Hall on October 28 was en 68° 55' W. titled Base E. . 68° 11' ANTARCTICA — 1984 S., 67° W. B ¥8 ?.v Halley Bay- 75° sr s., 26° 42' W. vices to the Antarctic from" South Africa, South America, Australia and There is also a Summer Station New Zealand, underground mining Base KG at Fossil Bluff, 71° 20' S., cities lit by simulated sunshine gen 68° 17' W., and a Meteorological Sta erated from nuclear power, small tion operated by the Falkland Is hovercraft used as taxis and massive lands Dependencies Government is harvests from the protein-rich located at King Edward Point on oceanic plankton to feed a starving South Georgia. world. He spoke of navigational and , Base D, was closed on approach aids erected on stilts 30 February 15 of this year. feet above thc snow, and of hangars The number of men to winter over and workshops buried beneath the at the various bases in 1965 is as fol snow surface. lows: Base H, 12; Base B, 11; Basc Heavy tractor trains were envis F, 16; Base T, 11; Base E, 20; Base aged hauling mineral concentrates Z, 30. from underground treatment plants a t m i n e s u n c e a s i n g l y w o r k e d SOME SPECIAL PROJECTS throughout the dark winter months, and experimental trials of giant Considerable survey work is plan hovercraft ore-carriers — unlikely ned for the 1964-65 Summer. This however, to have been perfected bv includes the extension of the Telluro- 1984. J meter-theodolite traverse of George VI Sound northwards from Fossil Out at sea Dr. Law foresaw plank Bluff, the reconnaissance and survey ton-catching fleets of vessels displac of the central plateau of the Ant ing about 15,000 tons, each combin arctic Peninsula between 70° and ing the functions of catcher and fac 72° S., and a continuation of the tory. He envisaged helicopters using equipment designed originally for survey of Tottanfjella. A reconnais the detection of submarines aiding sance will be made of the coastal each ilcflet in its hunt for the plank area from Cape Legoupil (63° 20' S.) to Sterneck Island (64° 11' S.) in ton, and trials of giant nuclear- powered submarines able to pursue preparation for the completion of the plankton swarms, which might the systematic survey of this part of the within the well supersede the surface ships. next few seasons. As Dr. Law hastened to add "These A seismic refraction survey will things may eventuate or they may be made on Bransfield Strait and not. . . . They certainly will not come to pass unless we work to make icross the Scotia Ridge between the them possible." But his basic ideas louth Shetland Islands and South are fully supported by a leading )rkney Islands. American scientist and Antarctic At Base H a detailed programme planner, Dr. T. O. Jones, who wrote of research on sub-littoral marine algae will be carried out. At Base H a programme of research on fishes, especially Notolhenia spp., will be and mycological studies of soil will gin. In the field of Soil Science, a be concluded. A new programme of new programme on the effect of penguin embryology will begin. frost in releasing nutrients in the At Base B a study will be made soil will begin, while microbiological of the Antarctic Tern. December, 1964

Argentine Plans Announced for Coming Season The scientific programme planned Filchner Ice Shelf and the Duke Ern for 1964-1965 at the five permanent est Bay area. Thc scientific pro Argentine stations General Belgrano gramme includes: a glaciological re (77° 53' S., 38° 29' W.), Teniente connaissance, determination of astro Matienzo (64° 58' S., 60° 03' W.), Es nomical points, photographic survey peranza (63° 24' Sv 56° 59' W.), De of a glacier, census of glaciers, pale- cepcion (62° 59' S., 60° 43' W.), and ontological and palinological studies, Orcadas (60° 45' S., 44° 43' W.), is collection of petrographic and bio to be essentially the same as in 1963 logical specimens, taxidermy, collec and 1964. The Naval Station Almir tion of samples for radio-activity ante Brown will bc equipped as a determination and the collection of scientific station and during 1965 will fumarole gas samples. be a centre for biological and micro biological research. In charge of the programme will be Capitan de Navio (RE) Carlos A. During the International Quiet Perticarari. Parties will be carrying Sun Year the scientific programme out glaciological, geological and topo will comprise instrumental and graphic work at Decepcion, General visual observations of aurorae, iono Belgrano, Esperanza and Ellsworth spheric soundings and absorption of Stations, the Mangrullos, Moltke and cosmic noise, experimental colour Bertrab Nunataks, , recordings with all-sky camera com San Roque shelter, Puerto Parajso plementary to those which are being and , as well as on carried out with a similar camera, board the "General San Martin". and observations on radiation bal ance near the surface. Hydrographic Service. Buoys will be placed in position and all lights Argentine Antarctic operations for 1964—65 will be caried out by four and beacons will be re-charged and repaired. Decepcion and Orcadas ganisations, the Argentine Antarc tic Institute, the Naval Hydrographic Naval Stations will be relieved and supplied. Melchior and thc Aeronaval Service, the Navy Antarctic Group Decepcion Station will be occupied and the Army. for the summer. Oceanographical Antarctic Institute. Officers of the studies will be carried out in the Institute will supervise thc fitting Weddell and Bellingshausen Seas, out of Almirante Brown Naval Base Gerlache Strait, Mar de la Flota as a scientific station. and the Sandwich Islands. Meteoro logical observations and mapping The Institute's sphere of activity will also be carried out. will comprise Deception and Robert son Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, the Navy Antarctic Group. A Neptune 2-P-107 carried out an ice reconnais recently of the factors, such as diffi sance on September 10 as a prelim culty of access, which prevent the inary to thc 1964-65 operations. The economic exploitation of Antarctic aircraft took off from the Aeronaval mineral deposits and the resources Base Comandante Espora. Crossing of the ocean from being "economic the Drake Strait, where all possible ally attractive" under present condi observations were made to deter tions. But, added Dr. Jones, "It is en mine the state of the ice, the plane tirely possible . . . that within a arrived at the Antarctic Peninsula, decade or two the ingenuity of man flying over . Immedi may devise methods for exploiting ately afterwards the access canal to economic features of the Antarctic Robertson Island was observed: Ma a r e a . " ' tienzo Base is in this vicinity. After December, 1964

flying over the plateau of the Ant arctic Peninsula and the Mar de la SPLENDID ANTARCTIC Flota, sacks of newspapers and mail FILM were dropped at Decepcion and other bases. Seldom has there been such un This reconnaissance was support animous praise showered upon a ed by two Albatross aircraft, one film as has been enthusiastically operating in Drake Strait as far as given to the New Zealand National Decepcion, the other retained under Film Unit's half-hour colour docu orders at Rio Grande. Also taking mentary part was the tug "Sanaviron", sta 140 DAYS UNDER THE WORLD tioned at Cape Horn, while the United States vessel "Eltanin", then From the gripping opening se working 1,800 miles to the west quence of an early plane after the of the Antarctic Peninsula, assisted long winter touching down on the with meteorological information. the film never loses in terest. At times the excitement rises During this 1964-65 summer, the high: shots — daring shots — of an Aero naval Antarctic Group will icebreaker smashing south through comprise a Neptune P.T.V-5 and the ice; scenes of the life at Scott three Albatross H.U.16-B helicopters. Base; rendezvous with Bob Miller's Once the ships are in the operation northern party in the field; the pen al theatre the aircraft will carry out guins and the seals; the field party reconnaissance as required, and if men returning to base; the South necessary will relieve the bases by Pole ice mine; humorous interludes air. to give light relief after the tense drama of other scenes; all magnifi cently photographed by Kell Fowler SHIP MOVEMENTS and Sam Grau so realistically that The ice-breaker "General San Mar among the film's most ardent ad tin" was scheduled to leave Buenos mirers are men who have lived it Aires on November 9 and to call at all themselves. the following bases and other loca This film deserves the praise it tions in the course of the summer has received. Make sure you don't months: Orcadas, Belgrano, Esper miss it. anza, Matienzo, Almirante Brown, Melchior, Marguerite Bay, Decep cion, Isla Pedro I (Peter I Island), Puerto Belgrano. The vessel is ex IN ACCORD pecteapected back in Buenos Aires on Reference has been made in this March 28, 1965. journal (e.g., September 1964, p. 474) The "Bahia Aguirre" is due to to the switch-over in New Zealand leave Buenos Aires on December 7, Antarctic field work from long dog- and to return there on March 7. sledge journeys of exploration in the tradition of Amundsen and, lo a Bases which are not at present lesser extent, Scott, to the shorter- being occupied will be inspected. In term study of particular areas by addition to the regular base reliefs, teams of specialists flown in by air the Navy group will reconnoitre the craft and air-lifted to their base Marguerite Bay and Peter I Island again on the completion of their areas, west of the , using project. aircraft only. This is parallelled in the much Army. The Army detachment will more extensive United Stales field be responsible for the relief and re programme. "I expect," writes Dr. supply of Esperanza and Belgrano T. O Jones, "that in geological and Bases, the relief of the shore party geophysical fields the luture projects at Matienzo and the inspection of will consist of research into precise Corrientes Refuge-hut. It will also problems based upon the results of reconnoitre the northern part of the recent and present reconnais Alexander I Island. sance efforts." December, 1964 SCIENTIFIC WORK PLANNED AT FOUR CHILEAN STATIONS Chilean Antarctic activities come graphic vessel BO. Yelcho and two under the general control of the patrol ships Lautaro and Lientur. National Committee of Antarctic In PROGRAMME FOR 1964^5 vestigations, but as is customary a Apart from the regular scientific number of organisations, mostly observations a number of new pro scientific, are entrusted with thc de jects arc planned for the coming tailed planning and the subsequent year, and a few of these are outlined study of data and publication of here. results. The armed forces also play Cartography. The Military Geo a prominent part in the implementa graphical Institute will continue the tion of the Antarctic programme, topographical triangulation begun particularly in the field of logistics: early this year, in order to secure transport, supply, base construction precise astronomical observations and maintenance. previously not obtained because of This year has seen the official in bad weather. auguration on May 29 of a new Meteorology. The usual pro organisation, the Chilean Antarctic gramme will continue at all bases. Institute, brought into being by A meteorologist from the Chilean legislation passed in October, 1963. Meterological Office will probably The Institute (INACH) comes under winter at Pedro Aguirre Cerda. the control of the Ministry of Ex Seismology. The seismological sta ternal Affairs but enjoys a large tion at Gabriel Gonzalez Videla Base measure of autonomy in scientific will need to be dismantled if the and technical matters. The main instruments develop faults which function of INACH is to plan, direct will have to be corrected in Santiago. and co-ordinate Chilean scientific Personnel previously trained at the and technical operations in the Ant Institute of Geophysics and Seismo arctic. Thc Secretary-General of the logy, University of Chile, will con Institute which is located in Santi tinue the programme at General ago, is Vice-Admiral (R) Don Jorge Bernado O'Higgins Base. It is hoped Araos S. to install new seismological equip ment at this base in 1966. Four Chilean bases are perman Vulcanology. It is proposed to in ently occupied. These are: stall next year a vulcanological ob Arturo Prat (62° 30' S., 59° 41' W.) servatory at Pedro Aguirre Cerda on Greenwich Island. Base, with a subsoil thermograph Bernado O'Higgins (63° 19' S., 57° 54' and a vertical short-term seismo W.) on Covadonga Bay. graph. Gabriel Gonzalez Videla (64° 49' S., EARLY START PLANNED 62° 52' W.) on the Danco Coast, at It is hoped that the 19th Chilean Paradise Bay. Antarctic Expedition will be able to Pedro Aguirre Cerda (62° 56' S., 60° reach Antarctic waters this year be 36' W.) on Deception Island. fore December 10. In this case it will bc possible to continue the study Not in permanent occupation are of sea birds and terrestrial ecology the auxiliary base Yelcho on Dou begun by a biological team from th mer Island (64° 52' S., 63° 34' W.) Science Department of the Univd- and a refuge hut named Gueslaga sity of Chile. This programme will much further south on Avian Island be undertaken on Nelson Island i in Marguerite Bay (67° 47' S., 68° the South Shetlands and the objec 53' W.). tive is to complete in the course of Transport is provided by the ice three years the observations neces breaker Pilato Pardo, the oceano sary to make possible the publica- Sg§rei@9n£uK^u

December, 1964

tion of a guide and check-list of the The term "blue whale unit" means birds of thc Antarctic Peninsula and one blue whale or two fin whales or the off-lying islands. two and a half humpback whales or If it proves impracticable to under six sei whales. take the year's programme as early The four countries, those now as is hoped for, the scope will be actively concerned in Antarctic whal reduced and thc modified project ing, agreed to almost total prohibi will be undertaken in whatever time tion of blue-whale catching, but is available. refused lo accept the greater restric tion on catches of all baleen whales SUMMER PERIOD strongly urged by the Commission's It is probable that a representa Scientific Committee. The Commit tive of the German Association for tee had suggested a progressive re Polar Studies will accompany the duction in catches of baleen whales 19th Chilean Expedition with a view (i.e., other than sperm whales): 4,000 to possible future co-operation in units in 1964-65, 3,000 in 1965-66, and thc fields of Upper Atmospheric Phy 2,000 in 1966-67. sics, Marine Biology, Geodesy (a satellite programme), Geology, Gla The overall limit of 8,000 units agreed to by the whaling nations for ciology and Seismology. 1964-65 was therefore double that The programme initiated last year by geologists of the University of suggested by the committee of ex Chile will be continued with special perts, and is in fact hardly any lower attention to coastal phenomena and than last season's actual catch of the morphology of glaciers. It is 8,429 blue whale units. planned to work on the following As thc Commission cannot compel islands: Elephant, Clarence, King the whaling nations to abide by the George, Nelson. Robert (Punta Prat), regulations, there seemed to be only Desolation, Greenwich (Yankee one way to avoid such a depletion of Bay), Livingstone (Punta Williams), whale stocks that whaling would Media Luna, Snow and Low. become uneconomic almost immedi In continuation of the project as- ately: this was for the four nations to adhere strictly, by mutual arrange jned to Chile by the 8th Interna tional Conference on Hydrography at ment, to whatever proportion of the Monaco in 1962, the "Yelcho" will catch was assigned to each nation. undertake Operation Mar CVile IV It was generally assumed that the national allocations from the total during January, February and March 1965. This calls for ten north-south 8,000 units would be Japan 52 per runs 30 miles apart between 53° S. cent., Norway 28 and the Soviet and 65° S. and between 75° 30' W. Union 20. This, however, did not and 85° W. Each 40 miles during meet with overall approval. three of these cruises an oceano Even the plan for international graphic station will be made to a inspection has not been imple depth of 3,000 metres, with bathy- mented. thermographic surface temperature The result is that the catastrophic and bathymetric observations. decline in whale stocks is likely to be accelerated in the 1964-65 season. Unless there is a change of heart it would seem likely that each nation WHALING DOOMED? will be out to secure the biggest An article in our last issue, pub catch it can from the small stock lished after the meeting of the Inter still remaining. In this case it must national Whaling Commission in be only a matter of time — a short June, ended with thc words: "Nor lime — before the baleen whale way, Japan, the Soviet Union and the stocks will become so low that whal were expected to start ing will cease. Presumably stocks negotiations ... on how lo share will then begin to rise again, but it thc 8,000 blue whale units to which could well be decades before they they had agreed to limit their catches reach the point where whaling will next season." again be a profitable industry. December, 1964 WIDESPREAD UNITED STATES PLANS FOR 1964-65 SEASON

The United States Antarctic Research Programme (U.S.A.R.P.) for the coming Antarctic summer is almost overwhelming in its complexity and range. Basic research will be carried on worth Mountains; Mr. Olav Dybvad- as in the past in no fewer than eight skog, a Norwegian geologist, will be major scientific disciplines, ranging with the Queen Maud Land Traverse, from below the surface of the land as will Dr. Edgard Picciotto, a Bel and ocean, through land-based dis gian glaciologist. ciplines, animal and mineral, to the air and upper atmosphere above. At Hallett, Dr. Dietland A. T. Mid And each of these Antarctic-based ler, a German zoologist will stu( studies will have its United States- penguins, while Dr. based counterpart. ornithologist and zoologist from the Australian Department of External An estimated 150 U.S. scientists Affairs will conduct his research in will travel to Antarctica in pursuit the Balleny Islands from a U.S. Navy of some 50 field projects, represent icebreaker. ing 40 or more universities and scien tific organisations. In addition, 17 scientists from other nations will NEW STATION work at U.S. stations, while a num Major projects for Deep Freeze 64 ber of U.S. scientists will conduct will be the establishment of a new research at foreign stations. Antarctic Research Station, the sixth U.S. base in the Antarctic regions, Foreign scientists working at the on Anvers Island, thc largest island U.S. stations this season include: in the Palmer Archipelago off the At McMurdo: Dr. T. W. Gevers, west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula geologist, from South Africa; Dr. (for earlier report, see Antarctic, Bruce E. Hobbs, a geologist from September 1964, p. 490). This region Australia, who will work in the Tay is relatively rich in plant and animal lor Valley with fellow-Sydney-ites life compared to the rest of the con Dr. Clifford D. McElroy, David E. tinent, as well as offering large ex Anderson and Paul F. Wiliams; Dr. panses of exposed rock. Compara Philip D. Tilley, another Sydney Uni tively mild weather and long periods versity geologist; and Dr. Tetsuya of daylight will enable scientists to Torii, a biologist from Japan who work and travel outside for much will head a five-man team whose of the year. other members, also from Japan, are Drs. Tsurahide Cho, Horoshi Fuku- Acommodation for 7 USARP scien shima, Noboru Yamagata and Yo tists and 16 Deep Freeze naval per shio Yoshida. Several New Zealand sonnel will be available during the ers will also be participating in the summer construction phase, and for American programme. the wintering over period 5 scientists and 4 support men will bc housed. At Byrd Station will be Sir Charles The icebreaker Edisto will serve S. Wright, a physicist from British as headquarters for Seabees of Mo Columbia. bile Construction Battalion Six in January and February next while In the field wil be found Mr.. Dirk the Seabees modify a hut erected by C. Neethling, another geologist from the British in 1955 into a laboratory South Africa, who will be with a and construct a new building for liv four-man party working in the Ells ing quarters.

•^W December, 1964

MAJOR TRAVERSE I N F R O M A U S T R A L I A Second major operation this sea Deep Freeze 1965, as comprehen son will be the first of a series of sive an operation as any of its pre traverses into Queen Maud Land. decessors, opened at the beginning "Tiis" unknown, exploration region of the of last Antarctica n .. October with a flight never before flanned over a four-year p ": ' attempted. On October 1 a ski- uipped Hercules of the U.S. Navy this year's traverse is planum arrived at Byrd Station carrying the to cover the area from the South "ommander of Deep Freeze, Rear- nlr> hv n QPi-if»c r\f -/id.vnor rruit admiral James R. Reedy, and the naccessibility, director of the Australian Antarctic all. The main Research Expedition, Dr. Phillip purpose of this expedition is to check the thickness of the ice-cap Law, after having flown 4,420 miles and it wil be effected by a ten-man from Avalon, Victoria. party, under the leadership of Dr. This route to the Antarctic was, Charles Benlley of the University of in Rear-Admiral Reedy's words, "the Wisconsin, comprising geophysicists, last great long-distance flight to be engineers, a glaciologist, a geomag- made on this earth connecting two netician and Belgian and Norwegian continents". Equipped with 3,600 scientists. gallons of fuel, nearly twice the Her cules' normal capacity, the aircraft, Large tracked vehicles will take piloted by Commander Fred Gallup, covered the distance in 15 hr. 39 m., ii iiuu uie depth of the ice and achieved a triple first in so . wie contours of the land be doing. neath. The last of the four-year OTHER FIRSTS traverses is planned to end at the Belgian Roi Baudouin coastal sta Not only was it the first aircraft tion. Each year's team will be flown to fly from Melbourne to the Ant out at the end of its two-month so arctic, it was also the first aircraft journ in the wilds. to open a Deep Freeze by landing at A paved road from McMurdo out an inland station, and as well by to the Ross Ice Shelf, in the region crossing the in where Scott and his two companions a temperature of —85° F. it achieved another record — no other aircraft finally died, is to be constructed by had crossed the Pole in so low a Navy Seabees this season. The road will be an all-weather, sealed base temperature. highway with a gravel top for better The landing at Byrd Station was grip in icy conditions. not scheduled. The route itself from Avalon had not been chosen for any particular reason — "just for the hell U.S. SCIENTISTS of it" — and bad weather at the WINTERING OVER scheduled destination, McMurdo Sta Out of a total of 179 United States tion, forced the Hercules to travel scientists who will be working in the 900 miles further east to Byrd, an Antarctic this summer, 32 will be inland, station, making its hours wintering over at one or other of the aloft the longest flying time ever United States bases. In addition, two known in Antarctica. U.S. Scientists will join the Russian Rear-Admiral Reedy's opening summer party at Vostok, and a gambit for the new Deep Freeze was biologist (Dr. George H. Meyer) will a three-pronged one. At the same winter over at the Russian station time, or as near the same time as Mirny. weather permitted, as his Hercules The men wintering will bc at thc left Victoria, two more ski-equipped following stations: McMurdo 6 Hercules left Harewood, New Zea (scientific leader A. L. De Vries), land, to relieve the wintering-over Byrd 9 (M. L. Trimpi). Eights 5 (J. party at McMurdo, and a third ap W. Hirman), Palmer 5 (A. S. Rundle), proach was made from Punta Are Pole 7 (L. Aldaz). nas, Chile, to enable a photographic December, 1964 survey of Anvers Island, site of the OTHER MISHAPS new biological station, to be made. The failure of a JATO bottle to The aircraft from Harcwood had ignite until its Dakota aircraft was to return after bad weather had in the air, wrecked the Dakota, closed visibility at McMurdo and though not its occupants; while an they had not enough fuel, unlike the Army Iroquois helicopter crashed Avalon-based Hercules, to detour to in landing on a peak in thc Admir Byrd. They did not reach McMurdo alty Range at the beginning of Nov until the following day. The aircraft ember. At the end of the month a from Chile followed them in on Navy Hercules reached Cape Hallett October 4. with a replacement helicopter. Early November also brought thc M A S S I V E M O V E M E N T S first Deep Freeze icebreaker on an unscheduled visit to Wellington, New The big shift of men and supplies Zealand, to get a replacement gen to supply Operation Deep Freeze erator. This vessel was the U.S. ice 1965 started soon after the initial breaker "Eastwind", the forerunner flights carrying Rear-Admiral Reedy, of the support operations for Deep commander of the Operation, and Freeze 65 which will involve 3,000 relief parties to McMurdo Station. men, dozens of ships, 35 cargo and In three months' operations, some rescue aircraft, as well as a frigate 500 tons of cargo are to be ferried and tanker from the New Zealand south in 36 missions, and the U.S. Navy. "Eastwind" was followed a Air Force detachment for the season week later by another icebreaker, numbers 162 men, 98% of whom are "Staten Island", also en route to new to Antarctic operations. The job McMurdo where she was to break a was scheduled for completion by channel through the Sound, before December 15. continuing with hydrographic and oceanographic work, as well as ex PLANE OFF COURSE ploring and surveying the coastline and offshore islands of the Antarctic Large cracks in the main ice run Peninsula. way at McMurdo Sound in mid- October temporarily halted all flights WEATHER STATION for several days, and this delay was It was reported on October 6 that followed by a series of aircraft mis a new weather station had been haps. One Hercules en route to Mc established at 81° 23' S., 170° 45' E. Murdo from Christchurch was de This is on the Ross Ice Shelf, about tected, in Christchurch, deviating 270 miles south of Cape Crozier and 100 miles off course, with a fault in 100 miles east of the Victoria its navigation equipment. The pilot Land coastline in the vicinity of the Hercules turned back, request of Beaumont Bay. The station, ing a high frequency directional find to be called Little Jeana, will ing beacon to guide him home. be activated each year approximate Christchurch Airport had no such ly from October 1 to March 1. Beard equipment, local radio stations were more station will not be activated off the air for the night, but U.S. this summer. Navy air controller, Guthrie Riley, who had originally discoverd the STATION NOTES course deviation half-an-hour earlier and notified the Hercules, was not October's unlucky day, the 13th, to be outdone by these circum upheld its reputation at the Amund stances. Controller Riley checked his sen-Scott polar station when fire des manuals and found there was a radio troyed a wooden garage housing station available — on the other side three tractors. of New Zealand's South Island. With A 10-knot wind did not, however, in another half hour Controller Riley succeed in spreading the fire, which had the station on the air, which the 22 men on the station fought in gave the Hercules a fix until such —67° F. for 38 minutes. Even before time as its radar picked up thc coast detailed information as to extent of line. the damage done to the tractors had December, 1964 been received, the civil engineering addition of facilities and conveni laboratory hangar at McMurdo was ences. being rapidly dismantled for trans Antarctica's first water distillation portation to Amundsen-Scott to re system, due to begin operation this place the burnt-out hangar. A U.S. season, will remove the need to melt Navy large tractor in Christchurch, (having previously dug) snow for undergoing repairs after its fall all water requirements in the sta through the ice at McMurdo Station tion; a sewerage plant should be last season, was due to be shipped working by the end of the summer; to McMurdo, whence it would move a new, modern sick bay/dispensary onto the Pole Station. The three trac for emergencies; and two 100X40 ft. tors being out of commission was warehouses are also planned for this not expected to affect, noticeably, season. the number of planned flights to A salt desert, perhaps the only Amundsen-Scott. feature of its kind in the world, has been reported in the Miers Valley, AT McMURDO west of McMurdo; this could also McMurdo Station is steadily ap add spice to life in the inhospitable proaching five-star rating with the wilds of Antarctica. THE READER WRITES Sidelights of Antarctic Research Letters, preferably not longer than 500-600 words, are invited from readers who have observed some little known facet of Antarctic life or who have reached conclusions of interest on some Antarctic problem.—Ed. N.Z. ICEBREAKER facilities, then open up the first Out WANTED ward Bound School on the loneliest continent that beckons and beckons Sir, — I am sorry to read that New Zealand is going to cease operation for our youth, including our fair sex. in the jointly operated station with I look upon Antarctica as our back the United States at Cape Hallett. yard, but in peace or difficult times This is surely the most fascinating we can't make best use of it without and challenging spot on the continent an icebreaker of our own. To buy an of almost 6,000,000 square miles, icebreaker we don't need the money which lends itself almost perfectly we now and again have in our poc in every line for training young kets to rub together. But we do need to export more logs, wool, etc. . . . people in self-reliance and the art of Thc Japanese are building an ice leadership. breaker for themselves at the Unfortunately, this cannot be car present, for building a base in Ant ried out without an icebreaker of arctica next year in the Norwegian our own. To prove this, I was at sector. — I am, etc., Hallett at the tail end of the summer, but in spite of this there appeared to FRANK ALACK be something like four miles of shore ice still in the sound — a carry Nelson, September 28 over from the winter that only an icebreaker could tackle. I sincerely hope that when the United States T H I S I S S U E decides lo cease operation there that our Government will make arrange ends "ANTARCTIC", volume 3. ments with them to take over the Have you the twelve numbers base, including all the buildings and ready for Index and Binding? December, 1964

Spring in the Sub-Antarctic Islands MARION ISLAND wind speeds up to 60 m.p.h. and (South Africa) gusts up to 90 m.p.h. Marion Island is situated in 46° The 31 laying hens are apparently 2' S., 37° 51' E., south-east of Cape thriving on the island and are pro Town. ducing up to three dozen eggs per day. The men are at a loss what to A biological expedition will be pro do with this deluge and they have ceeding to Marion Island in Decem even tried mixing eggs in the bread ber. Some of the party, after a quick dough with very pleasing results. reconnaissance of Prince Edward When the R.S.A. leaves in Decem Island in March 1965, will return to ber to take thc sixth S.A.N.A.E. South Africa but a botanist and an south, it will touch at Marion to land ornithologist will remain on Marion a party of scientists including, Island for a full year of observations, among others, an ornithologist, a until March 1966. Among the pro geologist and a surveyor. These jects planned are: collecting fauna scientists will stay on the island until and flora, plant ecology (distribu the next relief of the Marion staff tion, chromosome numbers, pollina arrives which will be about March tion, mapping), pollen analysis, in 1965. fluence of animals on vegetation, introduced weeds and animals (cats), GOUGH ISLAND soil types, etiology of breeding birds, ringing of birds, including colour- (South Africa) marking of species intended for fur The mountains were still covered ther intensive study, ethnological and in snow at the beginning of October life-history studies of selected but spring was unmistakably in the species, especially the soft-plumaged air with an average of four hours Petrel complex. sunshine per day. MARION NEWS Sergeant Bouwer, the medical or derly, broke an arm during October. Theo von Ludwig reports that He was evacuated by the research August has been a very cold month; ship R.S.A. which was at the time they had some heavy snowfalls and engaged in carrying stores to Tristan, at one stage experienced a real bliz under charter to the U.K. Colonial zard with drifting snow and zero Office. It is planned lo send a relief visibility. Everybody on Marion medical officer to Gough shortly. Roberts hammered together a trum pet to call the family for meals and CAMPBELL ISLAND seems to be making something, this diabolical instrument is rapidly (New Zealand) driving Oubaas, the dog, round the Once again the "Holmburn" was bend. The Met. men constructed a the servicing vessel for Campbell model steam engine which actually Island. After a very pleasant and works. In view of the general ten calm trip south, she arrived at Per dency to put on weight, people can severance Harbour at 4 p.m. on be found at odd hours doing physical November 1, with unloading starting jerks and lifting weights. Some men at 5 p.m. on the same day. Right have already given up this uneven throughout the servicing calm struggle against overwhelming odds. weather was experienced, which is In September and October the unusual for Campbell Island. Five of last year's team returned to New days were getting longer. The island ^emed with baby penguins and sea Zealand. elephant calves, while thc baby alba The new expedition has settled in trosses were already shedding their well after the departure of the down. Very strong winds were re "Holmburn", and all are looking for corded on September 23 and 24 with ward to their first visitor, the U.S.S. December, 1964

"Mills", which should arrive on Nov have ordered better weather from ember 20. the Met. this month because we hope our motto will be — If it doesn't This year's party has also an in tensive works programme and a few move, paint it." maintenance repairs to bc done. Car Weather report for the past penter Dough Herkt, while in the month: Maximum temperature 43.6° Island last year, built a magnificent F.; minimum 22°F.; maximum wind bar in the lounge, which is in con gust 72 m.p.h.; 246 points of rain; stant use. snow on 14 days and hail three days; The official visitors at the servicing 43.8 hours of sunshine. were Group Captain Marsh, Princi The team for 1965 numbers 18, plus pal Medical Officer, Dr. J. F. Gabites, one man, a technical officer (biology) Assistant Director of the Meteoro who will remain on the island only logical Office, and Mr. P. H. Saun till March. The officer in charge will ders of the Department of Civil Avi be C. Bruce Ellwood. The new party ation. These officers carried out their will leave Melbourne on the "Nella Department inspections respectively. Dan" on December 2. Two of last year's meteorological observers, E. D. St. Croix and P. M. Ingerm, will remain at the station. KERGUELEN Now on Campbell Island are the (France) new officer in charge, C. M. Clark (Christchurch) who has had two The relief time-table has been tours of duty at Raoul Island and drawn up so as to allow for as one at Campbell Island; D. Carron lengthy summer programmes as thc and K. C. Kibblewhite (Christ- climate allows. The islands relief -hurch and Wellington, ionosphere ship is the French cargo vessel "Gal lieni" of Messageries Maritimes, uuservers), and G. Surrey (New Plymouth, cook). which will relieve the parties at Ker guelen, Crozet and Nouvelle-Amster- dam between December 6 and M A C Q U A R I E I S L A N D January 20, and again between Feb ruary 28 and March 23. "Gallieni" (Australia) carries two Alouette II helicopters. Gadd and Rcid, after their regular There will be 38 men in the sum Saturday morning jaunt to the Plat eau to service recording equipment, mer parties at the three island stations. Wintering over at Kerguelen pioneered a new return route via the western scree slope to Hassclborough will be 57 men. Corner. The same pair, with Stair, The need for reconstruction of the departed in wild conditions on a base at Port-aux-Francais is becom week's walkabout, banding albatross ing more and more apparent because chicks and counting fur seals; they of the requirements for the scientific branded elephant seals on the way. research which is steadily growing. Leader Robert Nunn writes: A new ionopheric research station will be constructed during the com "By the time you read this it will be officially spring. What this may ing summer, and a new transmitting mean in terms of weather, who station should be finished during the knows — we usually leave this to the year. The use of teletype makes it essential to separate transmitting Met. but our animals friends are in and receiving plants from each no doubt about it — the skuas are other. Work on the installation of a back at the kitchen door, the gentoo new fuel storage tank will begin in penguins are looking out for nest sites and large veteran male thc course of the year. elephant seals again recline on the It will be necessary to install an beaches and in the wallows awaiting 80m. antenna pylon at the new their fate and the chance to assert station erected tor ionospheric re their beachmastership. After the bliz search. With this addition, Port-aux- zard conditions of the last month we Francais is now one of France's most December, 1964 complete and most modern geophysi elephant. But as "Atlantis" now cal centres. This summer six specia moved cautiously up towards the lists will be working on this project. more sheltered (and concealed) Bassin de la Gazelle, she struck an The meteorological programme uncharted rock and was held firm comprises routine observations and for three days. Then during a storm a whole group of research projects she was rocked free, and was suc dealing with high altitude currents, etc. cessfully repaired. On Christmas Eve a Silesian sailor SUMMER PROJECTS named Hermann fell while painting The photographic coverage of Ker a funnel, fractured his thigh, and guelen will be incomplete until the died four days later. A cross sur north of the island, the part farthest mounting a pyramid of rocks marks from Port-aux-Francais and having the most southerly German burial the most unfavourable climatic con place of the Second World War. ditions, has been covered. This sum The "Atlantis", now to all appear mer a camp will be established on ances a Norwegian cargo-ship "Tame- the Loranchet Peninsula to serve as sis", made north again on January a helicopter base. The helicopters 10, 1941, after 26 days in le Bras de will also serve to facilitate thc neces la Fonderie. sary geological survey of this area. A seismologist will oversee the installation of the new seismological At Port Jeanne d'Arc the names of pit near Port-aux-Francais. This will members of the crew of the "Komet" make possible the closing down of (HK45) may be seen on the buildings the Point Molloy station" which is with the date "March 10, 1941". 18 km. from the Base and the main "Komet" and "Pinguin" had received tenance of which called for con orders to rendezvous with a supply siderable hard work. vessel, the "Alsterlor", on March 9 A visitor during thc summer will at 49° S., 66' W., cast of thc Kergu- be Dr. Brian Roberts of the Scott lens. At the time "Komet" was in Polar Research Institute. the Ross Sea in an attempt to cripple Allied whaling fleets, but met only the Japanese fleet. LES ILES KERGUELEN A preliminary visit was made to the Kerguelens on March 6-12 and IN WAR-TIME the crew sampled — without enthu siasm— the inevitable Kerguelen The excellent occasional journal menu of rabbit and Kerguelen cab T.A.A.F. (Terres Australes et Ant- bage. The rendezvous took place on arctiques Francaises), number 26, the 12th. A sudden storm next day has an interesting article by Grade drove all three ships to the shelter and Rene Delepine on the French of the Bras de la Fonderie before sub-Antarctic Kerguelen and Crozet heading for warmer climes. Islands. During the 1940-41 summer three German raiders used Kerguelen as a The third German raider lo make commerce-raiding basc. use of Kerguelen was the "Pinguin" "Atlantis" harried British shipping (HK33). This ex-merchant ship oper in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans ated in the South Georgia area and for eight months before heading on January 13-14, 1941, without firing south for a much needed re-provi a single shot, captured 14 whaling sioning and overhaul. Arriving at le vessels (factory ships and chasers) Bras de la Fonderie, Kerguelen, from with their invaluable cargoes of the north-east on December 14, 1940, whale-oil. These vessels were taken ten men disguised as civilians cau back lo Germany by special crews tiously reconnoitered the old settle except for one chaser, Pol IX, which ment of Port Couvreux, finding was now put to scouting for Allied nothing more belligerent than a sea- victims instead of whales. Then, east t,J!**m*&> ^H December, 1964 of Kerguelen, accompanied by I L E S C R O Z E T "Alstcitor", "Pinguin" made rendez (France) vous with "Komet" on March 12 and The Crozet wintering party 1965 both vessels remained in the Bras will number 12. The present team is de la Fonderie and the Bassin de la hard al work installing the flying-fox Gazelle for 10 days. Great care was with ils workable capacity of five taken to see that nothing whatever tons. As the erection of the planned remained to show that the Germans seven buildings has already been had been there. On May 8 she was completed, everything should be in sunk by H.M.S. "Cornwall" near the readiness for a quick operation as Persian Gulf. soon as "Gallieni" arrives. The laboratory for studies in mag netism provided by the I.Q.S.Y. Com mittee is to be installed in the build "Atlantis" met her fate on Novem ing which has been erected for the ber 22, 1941. "Komet" returned safe purpose. and sound to Hamburg on Novem Observations will continue to be ber 30, only to be sunk on her recorded and transmitted by the second raid, on October 13, 1942. automatic station. TEN AGAINST BIG BEN THE SOUTH INDIAN OCEAN EXPEDITION TO HEARD ISLAND After several days' delay due to bad weather and the uneasiness of Shipping and Transport Department officials, the one-time Tasmanian cray fishing schooner "Patanela" left Sydney on November 5 en route for Heard Island and high adventure. The expedition, the first Australian RUGGED ISLAND private Antarctic expedition since Mawson's BANZARE voyages in Heard Island, 53° 10' S., 73° 35' E., 1929-30, is led by Major Warwick was the site of an Australian sub- M. M. Deacock, F.R.G.S. (36), a Antarctic base from 1947-54. It is 23 veteran alpinist and a member of the miles long and 13 miles wide. The ANARE expedition on Heard Island island lies south-west of Fremantle in 1963. The strong 10-man team, and is only 900 miles from the Ant only seven of whom were on the arctic Continent. It is dominated bv "Patanela" for the first leg of the the massive bulk of Big Ben, which journey, to Albany, includes three rises to 9,005 feet and has so far New Zealanders who have all had hurled back every attempt to con climbing experience in the Southern quer it. The climate is notorious, Alps and elsewhere. They are Colin with winds over 100 m.p.h. common, Putt, B.E., B.Sc. (37), surveyor and and with heavy precipitation of snow marine engineer; R. Phillip Temple and rain. Movement over the cre (25), biologist, and John R. Crick vassed ice which covers 90 per cent, (22), assistant provisioning member. of the island is particularly danger Five members besides Deacock have ous because of the almost continu had previous sub-Antarctic experi ous blizzard conditions. ence; Dr. Grahame Budd (35), Dr. Malcolm Hay (26), Dr. Russell Par In 1963 an ANARE party of six men spent six weeks on the island doe, M.B.E. (31), Edwin J. Reid (27) and the skipper, Major H. W. Tilman, carrying out a scientific programme. O.B.E., D.S.O., M.C. (66). Major Til An attempt to scale Big Ben ended man, who will not be attempting the 1,500 feet from the summit, Mawson climb, is famed as mountaineer, navi Peak, and the climbers, who in gator and author. He led the 1938 Everest expedition. Tenth man is cluded Deacock and Budd, were Antony Hill (24). The Patron of thc snowbound for several days and expedition is Sir . were lucky to escape with their lives. December, 1964

WEST AND SOUTH top. This is a filled-in volcanic crater From Albany the course will be surrounded by peaks, of which Maw west on approximately 30° S. before son Peak is the highest. One of the reaching across the prevailing wes three will be on watch each night to terly winds farther south to the wake thc other two if the weather Kerguelen Islands, a 2,400-mile voy relents. They are prepared to wait age. The expedition expects to reach up to three weeks ready for an im Heard Island about six weeks to two mediate summit strike, if there is months after the departure from prospect of a few hours' good Sydney. weather. Two hours will be needed "Patanela" is a 63 ft. long, 16 ft. to race up another glacier and a deeply crevassed slope to Mawson beam gaff-rigged schooner with 2,000 Peak and to raise the flag on the sq. ft. of working sail and a 165 h.p. summit. Rolls-Royce diesel engine. She has a displacement of 45 tons. Of robust, SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMME all-steel construction, the ship has proved herself on a voyage to Mac In addition to the climb, the party quarie Island. She is fitted with two- has a comprehensive programme in way radio echo-sounder and auto biology, geology, glaciology, vulcan matic pilot. ology and human physiology. A cen The landing on Heard Island will sus will be made to establish whether the fur seals and King penguins are be from a mile off-shore through in fact rehabilitating themselves on surf, using inflatable rubber boats Heard Island. As Heard is the only powered by outboard motors. Each member will wear a diver's wet-skin sizeable sub-Antarctic island free of suit to combat the cold should he be introduced predators, and the ori washed off. As Heard offers no ginal vegetation is therefore intact, known safe anchorage, it is thought great interest attaches to the collec tion of insects that will be made. likely that onlv six men will make the landing while the other four The inadequately-mapped south and take "Patanela to the Kerguelen west positions of the island will be Islands, 300 miles awa-' for the two surveyed. months durin« which the main party Oceanographic work on thc voyage is ashore. There is some ho^c, how has been planned in co-operation ever, that adequate shelter may bc with the Indian Ocean Biological found at Winston Lasoon and sound Centre and other institutions. The ings will be made from the ship's voyage will be through waters where tender. Shore-ship communication little oceanographic work has been will be by portable wireless and two done. extendable 50 ft. dipole masts will be It is hoped to make the first land erected on Long Beach. ing on the McDonald Islands, 27 miles west of Heard Island, and to LYING IN WAIT raise there the Australian flag before The shore party will begin climb the expedition returns to Australia ing immediately after establishing in February 1965. its base at Long Beach. For 1,500 feet the" will follow a volcanic ridge up FINANCE to the glacier immediately behind Each member of the party has the beach, and then climb another contributed £300 to the funds, and glacier until they reach 4,000 feet. it is hoped to raise the £18.270 esti Here it is hoped to establish a camp mated cost by news and Aim rights, on the first day. Then if the weather books and magazine articles, dona holds they hope to be able to climb tions, etc. The Mount Everest Foun another 4,000 feet to a point from dation and thc Trans-Antarctic Fund which the final assault will be made. have both made substantial grants. From the first camp, the climbers If the expedition shows a profit, none will follow a steep glacier pass 100 ol it will go to the members but yards wide, the key to Big Ben, then repayment will be offered of funds strike up another glacier and make received from non-profit scientific for a plateau only 1,000 feet fiom the trusts and foundations. December, 1964 TO CROSS SOUTH GEORGIA BRITISH COMBINED SERVICES EXPEDITION The ten-man Combined Services to re-embarkation on "Protector" South Georgia Expedition left Lon about thc middle of March. don by air on October 26 for Monte video. A few days later the party EARLY DISAPPOINTMENT travelled on the ice-patrol ship H.M.S. "Protector" via the Falkland Their first discovery was that one Islands and on November 16 landed of the worst winters on record had at King Haakon Bay on the west extensively damaged whaling instal coast of South Georgia. An attempt lations and sunk six whale catchers. will be made to verify the exact As a result, neither sealers nor whale route followed by Shackleton, Wors- catchers will be available for the ely and Crean in their crossing of sea passage from Grytviken to Royal the mountainous island to secure the Bay in January. rescue of their companions left on Undismayed, the explorers set to following thc trap work and quickly set up stores ping and sinking of the "Endurance" dumps round the Island. To make in 1915. this possible, H.M.S. "Protector" had to navigate in ice-strewn uncharted In addition to this history-remak waters. Skilful flying by the pilot of ing journey, the expedition, led by the ship's helicopter in adverse con Lieut.-Cdr. M. K. Burley, R.N., aged ditions helped to complete this diffi 36, plans to carry out scientific work cult task. in thc little-known Allardyce Range and to climb the unconqucred Mt. Soon after landing in South Geor gia, Lieutenant Commander M. K. Paget, just over 10,000 feet and the Burley, R.N., leader of the expedi highest peak on the island. Geologi tion, laid a wreath on the grave of cal and survey work will be carried Sir Ernest Shackleton. out in the remote Royal Bay area, the map of which is believed to be (STOP PRESS) very inaccurate. A press release of December 2 The team comprises three men states that the party has covered from the Army, three from the Air Shackleton's track "in all details". Force, two from the Royal Marines and two from the Navy. Six are officers, three w.o.s and sergeants and one an aircraftman. There are two surveyors in the party, a geolo TEN YEARS OF ANTARCTIC gist, a zoologist, a cryptologist, a CO-OPERATION medical officers and photographers. r\,.«,,t.. T ,™A™ If C« T A.. A "tl D.,^1- A.F.C., M.A., R.A.F. remarkable efforts of international The first task will be to establish co-operation in human history, the dumps by helicopter at strategic decade following the commencement points. The "Protector's" helicopter of the International Geophysical will then land thc party at the site Year in 1956. At the eighth meeting of Shackleton's "Peggoty Camp" and of S.C.A.R. (The Scientific —origin Shackleton's route will be retraced, ally Special — Committee on Antarc it is hoped by the end of November. tic Research), the Committee of I.C.S.U. (the International Council Most of December and early Janu of Scientific Unions) which perhaps ary will probably be spent in the best symbolises the co-operation be Kohl-Larsen plateau and Allardyce tween the "Antarctic nations", a Range area, including assaults on committee was set up to consider several unclimbed peaks. Survey how this decade of fruitful working work will then occupy the time prior together might best be marked. December, 1964

tinent to the scope of this book he BOOKSHELF retails in a way that the layman can SOUTH. MAN AND NATURE IN understand, generally with ease, occasionally only if he puts his mind ANTARCTICA. Text by Graham lo it and his interest holds. To illus Billing; illustrations editor, Guy trate thc facile touch which is char Mannering; A. H. and A. W. Reed. acteristic : 78 pp. text, 207 illustrations (158 "In the Antarctic mountains many in colour). N.Z. price 42/-. of the geological formations are easily distinguishable. Flat-topped or Jilling and Mannering have set out sharp-peaked nunataks or rock out primarily to depict the Antarctic crops stick up in the ice-sheet bear scene, and this has surely never been ing the marks of glaciation from an better done. As a comparable book age when the sheet was many thou one thinks of "Thc Great White sands of feet thicker. Their sheer South"; but while few if any of these sides reveal rock strata in many- photographs equal those of Ponting coloured bands, the pale gold of at his best, Ponting could not draw Beacon sandstone sandwiching black on the resources of colour as the 30 dolerite or overlain by red lava or so photographers contributing to flows. A split rock may reveal the this book nave done. The result fossil leaf of the Glossopteris, pollen is a truly remarkable photographic grains or shell. A boulder-littered hill record of Antarctica, the Antarctica side may bear a forest of fossil tree that so many New Zealanders know; stumps. In North Victoria Land thc its ice and its land; the animals, the nunataks can be seen as ice-eroded men and thc machines. The owners island remnants of the great Kukri of this book will want to look at it Peneplain, once the deposition bed of again and again, many with a deep the Paleozoic age Antarctic river longing to sec these things once more sediments." for themselves. In no other book has In these 78 pages then we have a the Antarctic as man sees it today readable encyclopaedia of general been brought so thrillingly to the Antarctic geographical information. eye. (It is a pity there is no index to In his interestingly and ably writ facilitate reference.) It is in no sense ten text, Graham Billing has endeav a history. In fact, care is taken not oured lo describe not only the Ant to mention the names of recent ex arctic scene but the purposes and plorers at all; the only place names methods of the men who work in mentioned are of features named this vast laboratory, in language long ago. The book being what it sets which will be intelligible to the out to be, this is all to the good. ordinary man. To a very large extent There are a few minor misleading he has succeeded, and where it has statements ("the unhealed huts of been necessary to use specialist terms the polar heroes") and it is hard to an unobtrusive explanation is often reconcile "The Antarctic world is added ("protons, atomic particles black and white" with the photogra ejected by thc sun"). Some chapters phers' glowing colours later in the inevitably make heavy going — who book. But such slight blemishes are could make upper atmosphere hardly noticed in a" volume which — physics intelligible to the layman? — if you can afford it — you will delight but the sections on the Ice, the Sea to own. and the Animals make delightful as L.B.Q. well as informative reading. During his summer as New Zea "ANTARCTICA" land Public Relations Officer at Scott This successor to the N.Z. Antarc Basc, Billing absorbed an immense tic Society's volume "The Antarctic amount of knowledge by his own Today" is at the page-proof stage, close observation and in his talks and should be published by Methu- with the scientists and the far- ens in about February, 1965. The travelled Antarctic explorers whom editor is Dr. Trevor Hatherton of he met. The information that is per Wellington. December, 1964

SOUTH FROM NEW ZEALAND, An seven years. For those who have Introduction to Antarctica. L. B. visited Antarctica, however, this half Quartermain, with contributions by offers a good general coverage of Dr. T. Hatherton and Prof. R. H. latter-day activities and the short Clark. Govt. Printer, Wellington, account, necessary in such a book N.Z. 78 pp., ill., maps. Price 5/-. let, is satisfyingly full. The recent history of the area is complex, due (Reviewed by R. H. Wheeler) to the nature of the expeditions and For an investment of N.Z. 5/- this wintering parties very scrappy, but little book on New Zealand's slice of the writers have avoided imbalance. Antarctica1 offers the greatest return Hatherton in just four pages has of any book on that continent. It given a neat account of the scienti assures us in the preface that it is fic work of modern occupation and written for the layman and for once expeditions. In "Mapping the Depen a promise of this type is carried out. dency" is another concise account, The text is clear, to the point and this time of the exploratory work. simplified for lay consumption with But under the sub-heading of 1963— out resort to emotion or the con 64 it veers from the title to a thumb descension that occurs in many pub nail history. Under the heading "Uni lications. The format throughout is versity Antarctic Expeditions" the pleasing and utilitarian and the 33 personnel and work of Canterbury illustrations, ranging from the his University could well have been in torical to modern-day scientific age, cluded instead of being submerged are a well chosen collection. in two other places in the text. The claim that it is designed for There is still need for a lay top- enquiring children is less substan tiated unless the children be senior graphic description of the Depen dency— in this account the eastern secondary pupils — it is the diffi side is almost ignored and not illus culty of understanding Antarctica, a trated in the maps. There is no ex continent of the scientific age, that planation given for the concentra is the cause of this, not a lapse of tion of history and exploration in the contributors. the western sector of the New Zea For thc purpose of this book the land sector, which is the result of 'scientist' is a layman too. He won't the favourable topography and find his specialisation here (after all structure. The geologists' work is he has his journals) but he will find mentioned but their contribution to his interests represented and dealt the explanation of landform is not with in historical perspective, an included. The men from the "land aspect often neglected by the special uplifted high" have lived and worked ist and ignored in many general in just that same type of territory Antarctic accounts. This is the Ross in Antarctica and which by sheer Dependency story with emotion and chance lies largely within the Ross adventure properly laid aside, for Dependency. the book is in the solid field between However the reviewer endorses the formal history and the adventure adequacy of this modest but worth story. while booklet. There are many books on Antarctica these days but this The content is two halves, from one, with its special niche in the the Ross Dependency's first behold Antarctic story, will be shamed by ers to the air age initiated by Byrd none of them and has a place in (up to p. 40); and the age of the each Antarctic collection. scientific occupation beginning with IGY, 1957-58. The lay enquirer not interested in history will find the 1 The sub-title "An Introduction to second half of the book satisfying his first enquiries covering New Zea Antarctica" is not quite true, as land's sector of Antarctica. However the preface says, the book deals in in this part much of the gusto leaves the main with "that historic sector the text and the pace and interest of the Antarctic which lies south of slows with the detail of the last New Zealand". December, 1964

NO PLACE FOR MEN. Peter Mul strength" — his own words. Eleven months after thc ordeal on Makalu grew. A. H. and A. W. Reed. Sub-Lieut. Mulgrew returned to the 199 pp., ill. N.Z. price 25/-. Navy and an active, useful life which included a return to thc mountains Peter Mulgrew is well remembered where he had looked death and as one of the five New Zealanders despair in the face, and won through. who carried out their assigned task of laying depots for Fuchs's crossing Peter Mulgrew tells his story with party in 1957 so efficiently that they the modesty his friends would ex had lime on their hands, and went pect from him. But there is no on to become the first men to reach mock-modesty; his hospital ex thc South Pole by surface travel periences as well as the events on since that other indomitable five, Makalu are frankly told, and they Scott's Polar party, in 1912. A few are grim enough. The amazing thing years later he was again a member is that page after page ripples with of a Hillary team, the Himalayan humour. ("Ukrein spent some time Scientific and Mountaineering Ex trying to restore circulation to my pedition 1960—61. The aim was three frozen hand but with little success. fold : to climb the 27,790-foot Makalu He finally held it over the flame of without oxygen, to seek out the a candle and as I could feel nothing, elusive yeti or "abominable snow held it so close that by the time I man", and to carry out research into realised the delicious aroma was me, the physiology of high-altitude the skin on two fingers was hanging climbing. in burnt shreds.") Surely no-one without Mulgrew's ebullient spirit, In a disarming preface the author looking back on the series of dis disclaims any official status for his asters which dogged the expedition, book as a "full account" of the ex could find so much in them to laugh pedition; it is his personal story about, could regard them as just so only. By any criterion it was for him many buffets from the mountain, a tragic story. When within a few blows which beat them back but hundred feet of the summit, from daunted them not at all. "It was which the first assault party of as though a great adventure, rather tough, experienced climbers had than a misadventure, had at last been thrown back, "absolutely ex ended." hausted, covered in frost and utterly beaten", Mulgrew suddenly col This book is not only a fine con lapsed, gasping in agony, smitten by tribution to the literature of moun a pulmonary thrombosis. His de taineering, it is a deeply-moving ad voted companions somehow got him dition to the noble literary record of down to a lower camp from where "the hardihood, endurance and cour he was flown by helicopter to a age" which Scott saw in his com Mission hospital, but not before he panions and of which he wrote in his had suffered such severe frostbites Last Message to his Countrymen. that eventually, back in New Zea L.B.Q. land, both his feet had to be ampu tated, and an addiction set up by the abnormal doses of a pain-killing drug QUICK BEFORE IT MELTS. Philip had to be fought and conquered. Benjamin. Gollancz. 247 pp. N.Z. Such ancillary complications as thc price 22/-. loss of a considerable portion of his fingers, severe pulmonary infection This is the fantastic story of an requiring drastic treatment, and his American magazine writer dis concern about the future means of patched against his will to an assign livelihood of his wife and children, ment "on the ice": his adventures, are merely mentioned in passing. bibulous and amorous, in "Chichi", where all the girls pronounce "yes" Truly, "In times of danger and as "yeese", and all the men wear difficulty on a mountain a man taps greenish-black suits; and his adven unsuspected reservoirs of spiritual tures in the Antarctic — chiefly at December, 1964

McMurdo! He knows nothing and The Cape Hallet Adelie Penguin cares nothing about science — or for Rookery — its size, composition and that matter, about the Antarctic — structure. Brian E. Reid. Rec. Dom. and spends much of his time feuding Mus. 5 (4), 1964: 11-37. with a fellow-correspondent and an incredible Admiral. You will not turn Mapping in the Ross Dependency. to this book for information; it is M. R. J. Ford. N.Z. Surveyor, XXIV unashamedly frivolous. Perhaps (3), 1964:389-94. three quarters of the action could have taken place just as well in the Later Geological History of Hut Sahara or New York. The Antarctic Wellman. Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z. settings and characters, allowing the humorist his right to selection and Geology, 2 (10), 1964: 147-54. exaggeration, are genuine enough Archaeocyatha from the Shackle (Mr. Benjamin spent a summer on ton Limestone of the Ross System, the ice). Whether the story is as Nimrod Glacier Area, Antartica. D. funny as P. G. Wodehouse is quoted Hill. Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z., Geology, as finding it must be left to the 2 (9), 1964:137-146. reader, with the help of this sample, which has been pruned of its un Thickness of the Earth's Crust be inhibited enlisted-man language. neath the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge. "By this time the Admiral was be R. D. Adams. N.Z. Jnl. Geol. Geophys., side himself. . . . 'What is it! he 7 (3), 1964:529-42. roared. 'Tell me, goddam it, sir!' "Once again Santelli's face was alight as he leaned forward again. 'Suppose,' he said very quietly, sup BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC pose we charter a commercial air SEAS. Milton 0. Lee, Editor. 77 plane to bring down a load of re pp., illustrations, maps and dia placements, and suppose that plane carries ordinary, regular, female grams. American Geophysical stewardesses. . . .' Union of the National Academy "Some thiry yards away, in the of Sciences. List price $10.00. sick-bay hut, Dr. Jonas Prettybone This splendidly produced volume, heard an unusual noise. He cocked the first of the Union's Antarctic Re-

with Merthiolate. ,.««.. «.«w a».fec.v,. x.-w^^wCi are two " 'Admiral, it would only be for papers by J. S. Bunt on Primary Productivity under Sea-ice, and a a few hours — maybe not more than paper by Donald E. Wohlschla an hour even,' Santelli said. 'And Respiratoiy Metabolism and E think of the drama of it!'" gical Characteristics of some Fishes, But, for the purposes of Mr. Ben all of which have special reference jamin's story, the two delectable to the waters of McMurdo Sound. Christchurch girls were stormbound at McMurdo for a week. . . . The Union invites workers in all L.B.Q. phases of Antarctic research to sub mit papers for possible publication in this series, and this volume closes PUBLISHED IN with a page of detailed "Information NEW ZEALAND for Authors". Papers should be sub mitted to:— A New Species of Doryllium (Nematoda Dorylaimida) from Auck American Geophysical Union land and Campbell Islands. G. S. Antarctic Research Series, Grandison. N.Z. Jnl. Sc. 7 (2), 1964: Suite 506, 1145 19th Street, N.W., 169-73. Washington D.C. 20036. U.S.A. December, 1964

(Sir ) NOTABLE 1920-22 Shackleton-Rowett Ant. ANTARCTIC COLLECTION Exp. (Sir Ernest Shackleton) 1928-29 Wilkins Ant. Expd. One of the most enthusiastic "Ant (Sir ) arctic men" in New Zealand is Mr. 1928-30 Byrd Ant. Expd. Eric R. Gibbs of Taihape, who was (Admiral R. E. Byrd) well-known as a philatelist specialis 1929-30 Wilkins Ant. Expd. ing in Antarctic material before he (Sir Hubert Wilkins) first visited the Antarctic himself as a imn 11 OAM7ADE volunteer Antarctic Society member of thc Huts Restoration party in (Sir Douglas Mawson) 1960. He returned to the Antarctic in 1933-35 Byrd II Ant. Expd. 1963 as leader of the team restoring (Rear Admiral R. E. Byrd) Scott's Hut Point hut. 1934-37 British Graham Land Expd. We are pleased to be able to give () a brief description of the remark 1936-37 "Discovery Investigations" able collection of Antarcticana which (Cdr. T. J. Hart, R.N.) Mr. Gibbs has gathered together, in 1938-39 Ellsworth Ant. Expd. the hope that as well as being of () general interest it may put him in 1939-41 U.S. Antarctic Service Exp. touch with other enthusiasts to their (Rear Adm. R. E. Byrd) mutual benefit. More recent material comprises The collection is housed in a spe items from the 1955-58 Trans-Antarc cial room of the Gibbs home near tic Expedition and Operation Deep Taihape, on the sheep farm which freeze Expeditions, etc. The collec occupies Mr. Gibbs's attention when tion has been entered in philatelic he is not corresponding with his exhibitions both in New Zealand and world-wide circle of pen-friends or overseas in order to let interested helping to preserve old Antarctic folk view some of the items. In every huts for posterity. case where awards have been made The collection comprises postal the collection has won one. The one and non-postal material. The Antarc which Mr. Gibbs most prizes is the tic postal history section comprises highest award in the Antarctic sec covers (envelopes), stamps, post tion of the 1960 London (England) marks, cachets, autographs of Ex International Philatelic Exhibition. pedition members (some of these are It has only been possible to build on letters and some on covers, pho up a collection such as this through tographs and news cuttings. In all the generous assistance of people there are well over 3,000 different connected with the Antarctic, many items, and these range from a signed of whom have visited the area. letter of Lieut. , USN Should any readers have any Ant (The Wilkes Exploring Expedition, arctic material which they think 1838-42) until the present day. may fit into this collection and which Amongst the "heroic age" era are they wish to dispose of, Mr. Gibbs items from the:— would be most grateful for an offer. 1901-04 British National Ant. Expd. His address is: P.O. Box 164, Tai (Capt. R. F. Scott) hape, New Zealand. An item missing 1902-03 British Relief Expedition from the non-philatelic section is (Capt. W. Colbeck) number 11 of the "Antarctic News 1902-04 Scottish National Ant. Bulletin", the cyclostyled predeces Expd. (Dr. W. S. Bruce) sor of "Antarctic". This number is 1907-09 British Antarctic Expd. out of print and Mr. Gibbs would (Sir Ernest Shackleton) very much like to obtain a copy in 1910-12 German South Polar Expd. order to complete his Bulletin Series. (Dr. W. Filchner) Mr. Gibbs is also keenly interested 1910-13 British Antarctic Expd. in the sub-Antarctic Islands — Auck (Capt. R. F. Scott) land Islands, Campbell I., Heard I., 1911-14 Australian Ant. Expd. Macquarie I., etc. December, 1964 ADELIE PENGUIN ROOKERIES IN THE ROSS DEPENDENCY

ROWLAND H. TAYLOR* The Adelie Penguin is one of the to distinguish the individuals" (Scott commonest Antarctic birds and 1905). Harrington (1960) disregarded numerous studies have been made this record and did not discuss the of its life-history and behaviour. possibility of Adelies breeding there. Although breeding rookeries have In December 1958 the entire coast been found all round the Antarctic line of Coulman Island was exam coastline, many are not well known ined by a helicopter from U.S.S. and surprisingly little acurate in "Glacier" and the only penguin formation exists on their relative rookery seen was a hitherto undis size. One purpose here, is to draw covered one of Emperor Penguins on attention to this gap and stimulate the north-west side (Harrington further observations and records 1959). It could be argued that Scott from any one who has the oppor saw a group of Emperors from this tunity to visit little known parts of rookery; however, Wilson (1907) Antarctica. refer to an Adelie rookery seen "on Adelie Penguin rookeries in the the northern slopes of Coulman Ross Sea region have recently been Island", an unlikely site for Em discussed in articles by Austin (1957) perors to congregate. Obviously, the and Harrington (1960). Austin re status of Adelie Penguins at Coul corded thirteen breeding places: man Island requires further investi Cape Adare, Duke of York Island, gation. Possession Island, Cape Hallett, Coul- Wilson's summary of Adelie rook man Island, Wood Bay, Inexpressible eries seen during the National Ant Island, Franklin Island, Cape Crozier, arctic Expedition 1901-4 reads: "Our (three rookeries) and nearest large rookery of Adelie Pen Cape Royds. Harrington omitted guins was that which was already Duke of York and Coulman Islands known at Cape Crozier, . . . From from his list, but included Beaufort the ship also we landed to investi Island and "a large number' 'of gate the rookery at Cape Adare on rookeries in the Balleny Islands. January 9th, 1902. From the ship The present note results from a again wc sighted rookeries on the search of early Antarctic literature northern slopes of Coulman Island, as well as accounts of the most on the southern slopes of Cape Jones, recent expeditions,, and reference on thc southern shores of Wood Bay, has been found to twenty-two Adelie and on Cape Bird. There was also Penguin rookeries in the Ross Depen a small rookery ... on the headland dency (see map). These are sum now called Cape Royds" (Wilson marised in Table 1, together with 1907). Oddly enough, Scott, Wilson published population estimates and and Ferrar, all members of the same key references. The following discus expedition, each published a slightly sion is limited mainly to the lesser different list of places where Adelies known and doubtful rookeries, and were found nesting. Unfortunately to omissions in earlier reviews. for present day biologists, these Austin (1957) included Coulman early explorers and naturalists Island in his list of Adelie rookeries placed relatively little importance on the basis of Scott's account of on recording breeding colonies of the seeing (on 13 January 1902) a more common Antarctic species. "colony of penguins" towards the northern end of the island, although Wilson's record of an Adelie "even with glasses it was impossible rookery "on the southern slopes of Cape Jones" has been overlooked in other reviews. Wilson must have * Animal Ecology Division, D.S.I.R. sighted it on 14 January 1902, when, December, 1964 according to Scott (1905) "we entered However, Borchgrevink (1901) de the strait between the island scribes the rookery found on 6 Feb [Coulman] and the mainland and ruary 1900 as being "about 20 miles found it to be considerably narrower west" of Cape Washington, Bernacchi than was expected, so that we soon (1901) places it "at the foot of Mount approached the high land of Cape Melbourne", and Scott (1904) also Jones on the other side". sighted a rookery on the "southern shore" of Wood Bay on 21 February It is widely believed that the Cape 1904. These early accounts tally with Hallett rookery was first discovered Ihe location described by Harring by the ice-breaker, U.S.S. "Edisto", in ton, and all four records appear to February 1956 (Austin 1957, Harring be of the one rookery. ton 1960). However, a much earlier sighting was made from the whaler Doubt must exist of the validity of "Antarctic" on 20 January 1895; "In records of three rookeries (Cape one place off Cape Hallett .however, Jones, Coulman Island and Granite there appeared a beach with a pen Harbour) given only passing men guin colony" (Bull 1896). The Beau tion in early accounts and o' which fort Island rookery has also been con no further details are known. Some sidered a recent discovery (Sladen rookeries may have become extinct and Goldsmith 1960, Harrington 1960, since first recorded. If so, this could Caughley 1960), but in a paper on the probably be checked, for abandoned birds of the Ross Dependency, Ferrar nesting areas found 50 years ago can (1928) who was geologist on Scott's still be seen near Cape Royds. Two "Discovery", includes Beaufort other rookeries, Wood Bay and Duke Island on a short list of Adelie breed of York Island, are well documented but have not been inspected since ing places. In his report on the field 1904 and 1911 respectively, and geology of the expedition, Ferrar (1907) states that Beaufort Island although the other seventeen have was seen "from many points of been visited since 1955, for most only view"; and during the same expedi very rough population estimates are tion a seaman from the "Morning" available (see Table 1). landed at the south end of Beaufort No doubt other rookeries await Island (Doorly 1916), so there was discovery in various parts of the ample opportunity for the rookery to Ross Dependency for much of the be discovered, though for some rea coastline has yet to be examined in son no record was published until detail. No rookeries are known, apart Ferrar listed it in 1928. from Duke of York Island, on the several hundred miles of coast west Ferrar (1928) also refers to Adelies of Cape Adare; nor from the coast breeding at Granite Harbour and, of King Edward VII Land, east of although many later expeditions to the Ross Ice Barrier. It is possible thc area have not confirmed this, it that none exist in the latter area. is possible that a small rookery still Scott (1905) describes the "cus exists near there. Scott (1905) men tomary ice-cliff of varying height tions the sheltered and snow free which marked the coastline," and in nature of parts of the area, but in his January 1902 he saw bare rock in detailed account of the trip ashore only a few places. Siple and Lindsay there is no mention of penguins (1937) considered that the relative although he comments on seals and scarcity of Adelies visiting the Bay nesting skuas. of Whales compared with more westerly Discovery Inlet could indi Harrington (1960) suggested the cate an absence of rookeries for possibility of a second rookery in the several hundred miles to the east of Wood Bay area since he saw "on a the Ross Ice Barrier. U.S. Navy aerial photograph, that a light-coloured area .similar to guano With increasing international co staining, is visible near sea level on operation and activity, the time is the northern slopes of Mt. Melbourne approaching when an Antarctic wide on the southern side of Wood Bay". survey of both Adelie and Emperor December, 1964

TABLE 1. ADELIE ROOKERIES REPORTED FROM ROSS DEPENDENCY

Rookery Extent*Extent* Population Estimates and Key References 1-3. Buckle Buckle Id., Id., Balleny Balleny Is.1 Is.1 Small Small "Small" colonies (Sladen 1964). 4. "Lowlying "Lowlying islet", islet", Balleny Balleny "Small" colony (Sladen 1964). Is.1 Small 5. Sabrina Sabrina Islet, Islet, Balleny Balleny Is." Is.1 Small Small "Several thuosand birds" (Sladen 1964). 6. Monolith, Balleny Balleny Is.1 Is.1 Small Small "A mere handful of birds" (Sladen 1964). 7. Cape Cape Adare1 Adare1 Large Large 750,000 birds (Levick 1914). 75,000-100,000 pairs (Austin 1957). 700,000 birds; 289,500 breeding pairs (Reidl962). 8. Duke of York Island Island Small Small "A small colony" (Levick 1914). 1,000-2,000 penguins (Priestley 1915). 9. Possession Possession Island' Island1 Large "Inconceivable myriads of penguins" (Ross 1847). "Thousands of penguins" (Bull 1896). 50,000 pairs (Austin 1957). 10. Cape Cape Hallett1 Hallett1 Large... Large 25.000-30,000 pairs (Austin 1957). 150,000 birds; 62,000 breeding pairs (Reid 1964). 11. Cape Cape Jones Jones SmalP... SmalP Presence reported (Wilson 1907). 12. Coulman Coulman Island Island Small2... SmalP Presence reported (Wilson 1907). 13. Wood Wood Bay Bay Small... "ASmall small penguin colony" (Borchgrevink 1901). "Small Adelie penguin rookery" (Scott 1905). 14. Inexpressible Inexpressible Island1 Island1... Small- "A small rookery" (Levick 1914). medium "A small penguin rookery (Priestley 1915). 15,000-20,000 birds reported by R. Hew son (Anon. 1963, and unpublished report N.Z. Antarctic Division). 15. Franklin Franklin Island1 Island1 Large "Very many penguins" (Borchgrevink 1901). "Thousands of penguins" (Doorly 1916). "Very large rookery" (Harrington 1960). 16. Granite Granite Harbour Harbour SmalP Presence reported (Ferrar 1928), possi bly in error. 17. Beaufort Beaufort Iseland' Iseland' Medium Medium 15,000 pairs (Caughley 1960). 18. North Rookery, C. Bird1 Medium 12,000 pairs (Austin 1957). 24,000 pairs (Caughley 1960). 19. Middle Middle Rookery, Rookery, C. C. Bird1 Bird1 Small Small 5,000 pairs Austin 1957). 1,000 pairs (Caughley 1960). 20. South Rookery, C. Bird1Bird1 MediumMedium 20.000 pairs (Austin 1957). 16,800 pairs (Caughley 1960). 21. Cape Cape Crozier1 Crozier1 Large Large 250,000 pairs (Austin 1957). 65,000 pairs (Caughley 1960). 22. Cape Cape Royds1 Royds1 Small 1,700 pairs (Caughley 1960). 1,600 pairs (Taylor 1962). 1,250 pairs (Stonehouse 1963). Notes: Rookeries are lilsted according to latitude from north to south. * Small: under 5,000 pairs. Medium: 5,000-25,000 pairs. Large: over 25,000 pairs. 1 Rookery visited since 1955. ■ Extent not reported but probably small considering nature of coast, etc. .Cape North

kCape Adare

VICTORIA

LAND

(JD-*GFranklin Island

j8)«4z)

Ross Island

--%i-TP' December, 1964 rookeries should be possible. Such a SCIENCE CONGRESS survey would add much to the SYMPOSIUM ON ANTARCTIC present rather fragmentary know RESEARCH ledge of breeding distribution, and is During the 11th New Zealand essential for estimating total popula Science Congress to be held in Auck tions of these species. As Reid (1962) land from February 11 to 17, 1965, has pointed out, it would be a first one of the ten general symposia will step to a conservational approach in be on Antarctic Research. Antarctic biology. This symposium will be held on Monday, February 15, 3-5 p.m., REFERENCES under the chairmanship of Dr. Paul Anon., 1963: Antarctic, 3: 176-77. Siple, scientific attache to the United Austin, O. L. (Jr.), 1957: Bird Breeding, States Embassies in Australia and 28: 1-26. New Zealand, and one of the best known of America's veteran Antarc Bernacchi, L., 1901: To the South Polar tic explorers. Papers will be con- Regions. London. 1 t-il-iii1 or! l-\\r Fir Ft ^tr»nphnii«;p Ani Borchgrevink, C. E., 1901: First on the Antarctic Continent. London. mal Conservation in Antarctica; Bull, H. J., 1896: The Cruise of the Prof. A. T. Wilson, World Climate "Antarctic" to the South Polar Re Control by Antarctic Processes, and Mr. J. H. Miller, Mapping of Antarc gions. London. tica. The papers will in each case be Caughley, G., 1960: Rec. Dom. Mas., 3: 263-282. followed by general discussion. Doorley, G. S., 1916: Voyage of the Membership of the Congress (fee "Morning". London. £3) is not limited to scientists but Ferrar, H. T., 1907: Geology. British is open to all who would like lo Nat. Ant. Exp., 1901-4, Vol. 1. attend (Secretary T. J. Bayliss, P.O. Box 5358, Auckland). Ferrar, H. T., 1928: N.Z. J. Sei. Tech., 9: 374-382. The Antarctic Society, as one of the "participating bodies", has been Harrington, H. J., 1959: Notornis, 8: represented on tne organising com 127-132. mittee by Lt.-Cdr. J. Lennox-King, Harrington, H. J.. 1960: Notornis, 9: formerly in command of H.M.N.Z.S. 33-39. "Endeavour", and leader Scott Base Levick, G. M., 1914: Antarctic Penguins, 1959-60. a study of their social habits. London. At least two leading scientists from Priestley, R. E., 1915: Antarctic Adven the American Antarctic projects are ture. New York. expected to be present at the Con- Reid, B. E., 1962: Notornis, 10: 98-111. Reid, B. E., 1964: Rec. Dom. Mus., 5: 11-37. WHAT MAWSON WANTED Ross, J. C, 1847: A Voyage of Discovery and Research in the Southern and "I realised . . . what Douglas had Antarctic Regions during the years in mil ' ' ' ' •' '- ' K 1839-1843. London. lookea »~* ...... expedition was not so much physi Scott, R. F., 1905: The Voyage of the cal strength as mental stamina—a "Discovery". London. man's outlook on life. The physical Siple, P. A., and A. A. Lindsay, 1937: part would be required as a matter Auk, 54: 147-159. of routine, but a man's own mental Sladen, W. J. L., 1964: In: Antarctic resources, these are more im Biology. 359-365. Paris. portant." Lady Mawson m Mawson ot Sladen, W. J. L., and R. Goldsmith, the Antarctic." 1960: Polar Record, 10: 146-8. Stonehouse, B., 1963: Proc XIII Intern. Ornithol. Congr., 766-79. * Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Taylor, R. H., 1962: Ibis, 104: 176-204. Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Wilson, E. A., 1907: Aves. British Nat. Norway, South Africa, United King Ant. Exp., 1901-4. Vol. II. dom, U.S.A., and U.S.S.R. December, 1964 A DELEGATE AT SCAR the Third Antarctic Treaty Consulta [We are indebted to Mr. J. Holmes tive Meeting and referred such reso (Bob) Miller, one of New Zealand's lutions to either the ad hoc meeting best known and most experienced of delegates or those resolutions Antarctic men. and an ex-President affecting conservation to the Work of the New Zealand Antarctic Soci ing Group in Biology. FUTURE MEETINGS OF SCAR ety, for this report of the Eighth Over recent years New Zealand Meeting of SCAR, 24-28 August, has felt that now that SCAR has 1964, at which he was the New Zea laid down the general principles of land delegate.] International Scientific co-operation in Antarctica and that during the This Vlllth meeting of the Special years these principles have become Committee for Antarctic Research (a widely accepted as a practical work special committee of the Interna ing basis of co-operation, meetings tional Council of Scientific Union) of SCAR need not be held annually met in Paris this year following the as heretofore. Less frequent meet meetings in former years at such ings would ensure a saving both for centres as Moscow, Canberra, Cam SCAR finances which must meet the bridge (UK), Wellington, Boulder travel expenses of permanent officers (US), and Capetown. The meetings and for the member nations. Even were held in the buildings of the more important than the outlay for School of Geographic Sciences at travel expenses is the factor that the tached to the French National Geo smaller nations with incessant calls graphic Institute. The gathering was on the time of the key scientific men attended by delegates from each of find it most difficult to send to SCAR the twelve member nations* and 49 meetings the most appiopriate further observers and advisers, people. In order to have at SCAR the either from the member nations, re person to best contribute to the lated organisations and committees, business of a particular Working or as in the case of the Netherlands Group, many of the smaller coun representative, from a nation active tries have not sent their permanent in Antarctica by virtue of joint par delegates for some years. According ticipation with Belgium but not yet ly New Zealand had given due notice a member of SCAR. It was para of a proposal that in future SCAR doxical that the meeting should meetings be held every two years. coincide with a minor heat wave After considerable debate the final yielding the hottest day of the 1964 plenary session adopted the recom summer. mendation that IX SCAR be held in Santiago, Chile, at a time to be ar The conference opened with the ranged between June and August, first plenary session on formal busi 1966. ness, dealing with such matters as Then, when the effect of a two reports on data exchange, reports year interval could be assessed, fur from other scientific organisations ther decision on future meeting such as COSPAR, IQSY, WMO, and could be taken. IUGG, receiving the financial report, FINANCIAL and generally delegating action on SCAR is supported by contribu all matters to the ad hoc meetings tions from the participating member of delegates held on each of the days bodies on an asessment fixed at an during the wek. At the first plenary early meeting. In the case of New session the election of officers was Zealand the member body is thc held for the only rotational vacancy, Royal Society of New Zealand. Ok that of secretary. Dr. G. de Q. Robin, the basis that national contributions the United Kingdom delegate, was remained at the present level SCAR unanimously re-elected. This session finances were expected to show a also considered the Resolutions of credit balance of some §4,000 by the * (See foot last column.) end of 1964. December, 1964

REVIEW PAPERS AND The group in Biology was passed CONTRIBUTIONS a legacy from the Treaty Powers Consultative meeting, in being asked VIII SCAR adopted a practice of to amplify in detail the "Agreed receiving review papers or viewing Measures for the Conservation of topical films during the early after and Fauna". This noon sessions of each day. The was in addition to coping with the theatre being the coolest area in the normal business of the SCAR pro Conference buildings assisted in the gramme in Biology, and still left appreciation of these presentations. with the group the matter of com Among these were:— piling a detailed report on Antarctic "Antarctic Survey and Map Produc Biology for SCIBP (Special Commit tion Methods , R. B. Southard tee for International Biological Pro (U.S.G.S.). gramme), consideration of a report on Human Adaptability, and con "Chilean Antarctic Institute", Ad sideration of the important question miral Araos (Chile). of the introduction of pelagic seal ~tadar Profiling of Ice Thickness", ing. On this last question the group's G. Robin (U.K.). findings are progressive and liberal, "Stratwarm Phenomena in Antarc insisting that while pelagic sealing tica", H. R. Phillpot (Aust.). may proceed under a mechanism of "IQSY in Antarctica", T. Nagata control by parties to the Treaty, yet (Japan). scientific records of sex, reproduc "Developments in Antarctic Bio tive condition, and age be kept, pre logy", M. W. Holdgate (U.K.). ferably by biologists on the spot. In particular was this to apply to the "Capetown to McMurdo Flight", R/ little known breeding biology of the Admiral J. S. Reedy (U.S.N.). crab-eater seal. The Working Group in Geodesy WORKING GROUPS and Cartography, M. Leclavere and Working Groups in all disciplines Mr. B. P. Lambert as chairman and were established at the early meet secretary respectively, has a heavy ings of SCAR and at each SCAR load of work throughout the years meeting selected Working Groups between meetings in arranging the have held formal meetings. It has interchange of published maps, map been endeavoured to ensure that data, and mapping programmes. In each such group meets at least once this respect Mr. Lambert has been in every three years. At Paris the exceptionally efficient. None the less Working Groups met in the disci the meeting of the Working Group plines of Biology, Geodesy and Car was a heavy one with a full attend tography, Meteorology, and Geo ance of all member countries. As magnetism. In the discipline of well as receiving reports of the pro Oceanography an ad hoc meeting of gress of each nation, a very full as many interested and appropri study was made of many recently ate people as possible was held. developed control survey techniques Undoubtedly by far the greatest with a possible Antarctic applica benefit to accrue from SCAR tion. meetings is that which emanates The chairman of the group in geo from the business conducted by magnetism was Prof. Nagata of the Working Groups. The achieve Japan and his group worked solidly ments of the Working Groups by through its subject material and re dint of days of discussion, delibera lated geophysical topics. tion, and decision account for almost Any association of Antarctic ex all of the effort contributed by dele perts must benefit the nations which gates and advisers. In particular was are represented but this is an ex this so at Paris in the disciplines of pensive luxury for the nation con Biology and Meteorology. None cerned unless the conclave is organ worked more incessantly or to better ised for a searching studv of positive )urpose than did Dr. Holdgate and subject materia!. Without doubt the Dr. Rubin in leading their respective Working Groups of SCAR provide Working Groups. just this degree of organisation. The New Zealand Antarctic Society is a group of New Zealanders, some of whom have seen Antarctica for themselves, but all vitally interested in some phase of Antarctic exploration, development or research. You are invited to become a member. BRANCH SECRETARIES Wellington: W. J. P. Macdonald, Box 2110, Wellington. Canterbury: Miss Helen S. Hill, Box 404, Christchurch, or 194 Knowles St., Christchurch 5.

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