Checklist of Mosses of the Pasvik State Nature Reserve (Murmansk Region, Russia)

View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Journals from University of Tartu Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 55: 33–43 (2018) https://doi.org/10.12697/fce.2018.55.05 Checklist of mosses of the Pasvik State Nature Reserve (Murmansk Region, Russia) Margarita A. Boychuk1 & Eugene A. Borovichev2 1Institute of Biology of Karelian Research Centre of RAS, Petrozavodsk, 185910, Russia E-mail: [email protected] 2Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems of Kola Science Center of RAS, Apatity, 184209, Russia E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The list of mosses of the Pasvik State Nature Reserve (Pasvik Reserve) consists of 197 species. Here we summarize all available data on the diversity of mosses of the Pasvik Reserve, including approximately 800 specimens collected by the authors. Stereodon pallescens and Tayloria serrata are in the Murmansk Region only known from the Pasvik Reserve. Seven species are red-listed in the Murmansk Region (Bryum cyclophyllum, Buxbaumia aphylla, Encalypta streptocarpa, Psilopilum laevigatum, Tayloria serrata, Tayloria splachnoides and Tetrodontium repandum). Tetrodontium repandum is included in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation and Tayloria splachnoides is red-listed in Europe. The Pasvik Reserve gives a good possibility for the protection of rare mosses. Keywords: mosses, Pasvik State Nature Reserve, Murmansk Region, rare species INTRODUCTION Pasvik State Nature Reserve (Pasvik Reserve) Reserves of the Murmansk Region. The goal of was established in 1992 to protect and facilitate the present paper was to survey mosses from studies of Europe’s northernmost pine forests, Pasvik Reserve and to make up a list of species extensive wetlands as well as flora and fauna. based on all available data. It has been a part of Pasvik-Inari Trilateral Park since 2008. The Park comprises protected areas Study area near the Russian-Norwegian-Finnish border. Pasvik Reserve (69°07’–69°25’N, 29°17’–29°57’E) The first moss samples from the area were is located in the Pechenga District, Murmansk collected by the Finnish botanists R. Kalliola and Region, northwesternmost Russia. The Reserve N. Söyrinki on Kalkupya Mt in 1933 (in 1920– covers an area of 146.8 km2 (land makes up 1944 part of the Pechenga District belonged as 117 km2) and is shaped as a 350 m to 10 km Petsamo to Finland). In the Herbarium of the wide strip for 44 km along the right bank of the University of Helsinki (H) the authors found 21 Paz River along the Russian-Norwegian border samples of 11 species. After the founding of the (Fig. 1). Reserve mosses were collected by V. A. Kostina Geologically, Pasvik Reserve is near the (26 samples in 1994), A. V. Polikarpova (75 northern boundary of the Fennoscandian (Bal- samples in 2003) and N. R. Kaneva (5 samples tic) Shield. It consists of old (Archean and Prote- in 2003). The collections were identified and rozoic) rocks such as gabbro, amphibolites and data on 83 species were published by Likhachev bimica, amphibole-biotite and chlorite schists and Belkina (2011). Some information about the etc. in the northern part; diorites, granodiorites, mosses from the Pasvik Reserve is also available plagiogranites, pyroxenites etc. in the middle in other publications, i.e.17 species from Alm part; and granites, gneisses, migmatites etc. & Piirainen (1997); 25 – from Neshataev et al. in the southern part (Atlas of the Murmansk (2011); 1 – from Maksimov & Kravchenko (2011); region, 1971; Pozhilenko et al., 2002). The 69 – from Boychuk & Kuznetsov (2012); 17 – crystalline basement is almost entirely covered from Boychuk (2013); 2 – from Kravchenko et al. by Quaternary deposits, mainly moraine, but is (2017); 7 – from Boychuk & Borovichev (2017). occasionally exposed on the day surface. A total of 125 species are known from herbaria The Pasvik Reserve displays a denudation- and the literature; this number is too small com- tectonic relief. The destruction of rock systems, pared with that known from other Strict Nature 34 Folia Cryptog. Estonica which continued for hundreds of millions of In accordance with geobotanical zonation years, triggered the formation of a plain, which (Geobotanical zoning of the Non-Black Earth was broken into small uplifted and lowered Region of the European part of the RSFSR, blocks by tectonic faults. The relief, shaped by 2000; Elina et al., 2000), the Reserve lies in the the Scandinavian glacier and sea transgres- north-taiga subzone (far northern taiga strip) sions, shows an alternation of flat marine and and is part of the Lotto-Tuloma District of the hilly morainic plains (50 m a.s.l.) with numerous Kola-Karelian taiga subprovince of the North Eu- morainic hills and ridges (no more than 200 m ropean province of the Eurasian taiga domain. a.s.l.) and depressions between them (Atlas of This territory belongs to the biogeographic prov- the Murmansk region, 1971). Kalkupya Mt is the ince Lapponia petsamoënsis (Cajander, 1906; highest mountain in the Reserve (357 m a.s.l.). Uotila, 2013) Imandra floristic District – Lotto- In accordance with the climatic zonation Tulomskaya Depression (Ramenskaya, 1983). (Alisov, 1969), the Pasvik Reserve is in the Pine forests make up 90% and birch for- Atlantic-Arctic domain of two belts: temper- ests – 10% of the Reserve’s wooded area. The ate and subarctic. The climate is considerably hill slopes display two altitude belts: forests affected by the Nordkapp branch of the warm (up to 200 m a.s.l.) are gradually succeeded by North Atlantic current. Warm Atlantic and cold crooked birch forest (200–300), which, in turn, Arctic air masses are responsible for substantial is succeeded by montane tundra. Various (oli- temperature variations all year round. Minimum gotrophic, mesotrophic, eutrophic, aapa) mires temperatures drop to –43 °C in winter and maxi- make up 25% of the Pasvik Reserve. Oligotrophic mum temperatures rise to +33 °C in summer. mires predominate; Menikka Mire, located in The mean annual air temperature is about 0 °C. the northern part of the Reserve, is the largest. Precipitation in the warm season makes up 70% Anthropogenic habitats (meadows, roadsides, of its mean annual amount (525 mm). The aver- etc.) occur as well. age duration of the frost-free period is 97 days. The main waterway of Pasvik Reserve is the MATERIALS AND METHODS Paz River, which is a lake-river system. The river widens at many places (lakes Heyuhenyarvi, Materials were collected by the authors in 2011– Bossoyavre, etc.), where it is connected by 2017 in different areas of the Pasvik Reserve channels. In 1950–1978, five Russian (outside (Fig. 1: 1–19), moreover, some other collections the Reserve) and two Norwegian (Skugfoss and were identified. The present report is based on Melkefoss dams in the Reserve) hydropower 800 specimens (M. A. Boychuk – 700, E. A. stations were established along Paz River. The Borovichev – 100). Furthermore, we identified Menikkajoki River, formerly a branch of the Paz or examined a number of specimens gathered River, which was regulated by dam construction earlier by O. L. Kuznetsov (ca. 100 specimens), (Glukhaya Plotina), flows in the northern part of S. A. Kutenkov (20), G. P. Urbanavichus (5) and the Reserve. The dam was built for the formation A. V. Kravchenko (92). Specimens are deposited of the Skugfoss hydropower station reservoir. In in the Herbarium of the Karelian Research Cen- addition to the above mentioned rivers, there tre of RAS (PTZ), Herbarium of the Polar-Alpine are 25 lakes in the Reserve. The biggest lake is Botanical Garden-Institute (KPABG), Herbarium Kaskamayarvi. of the Institute of North Industrial Ecology Prob- The Reserve’s soil cover is highly varied due lems of the Kola Science Center of RAS (INEP), to the topography and the types of Quaternary Herbarium of the University of Helsinki (H) and rocks. Thin illuvial-ferruginous and illuvial- Herbarium of the Pasvik Reserve. humus podzols are the dominant soil subtypes (Polikarpova, 2005). They evolve on the tops and slopes of hills and ridges. Boggy-podzol RESULTS and peaty-bog soils are formed in topographic List of species hollows. Marine sediments (clay and loam), overlain by sod soils are exposed along the Paz The taxa are arranged in alphabetical order. River banks (Polikarpova et al., 2012). Primitive The nomenclature follow Ignatov et al. (2006) soils are encountered in the mountain-tundra with some updates (Ignatov & Milyutina, 2007; belt of Kalkupya Mt. Ignatov et al., 2017). Common synonyms are 35 Fig. 1. The location of the Pasvik State Nature Reserve, Murmansk Region, Russia and collecting localities. I. N part of the Pasvik Reserve: 1 – Menikka Mire, 69°23’48”N 29°52’11”E; 2 – Menikka- joki River bank, 69°21’51”N 29°45’31”E; 3 – Skugfoss hydropower station, 69°22’16”N 29°42’32”E; 4 – vicinity of Glukhaya Plotina, Menikkajoki River source, 69°22’09”N 29°45’11”E; 5 – hills in the vicinity of Glukhaya Plotina, 69°21’27”N 29°45’21”E; 6 – N shore of the Lake, 69°20’50”N 29°44’46”; 7 – vicinity of Latvala, 69°20’28”N 29°40’40”E; II – Middle part of the Pasvik Reserve: 8 – Tahkoniemi Cape, 69°19’29”N 29°36’33”E; 9 – SW shore of Bossoyavre Lake, 69°18’37”N 29°27’321”E; 10 – Paz River bank, opposite Brennholmen Island and Nivasaari Island, 69°18’47”N 29°22’45”E; 11 – N part of the Kalkupya Mt., 69°18’10”N 29°21’26”E; 12 – NW part of the Kalkupya Mt., 69°17’26”N 29°19’28”E; 13 – W of the Kalkupya Mt., 69°17’58”N 29°19’36”E; 14 – E part of the Kalkupya Mt., 69°17’15”N 29°22’21”E; 15 – NW shore of Kaskamayarvi Lake, 69°16’35”N 29°24’54”E; 16 – Paz River bank, opposite Chevessulo Island, 69°15’04”N 29°18’36”E; III.

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