DOCSLIB.ORG

3SLEC2 X Ge 7 Y 79%Y72 !E IL 22B | 22

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
3SLEC2 X Ge 7 Y 79%Y72 !E IL 22B | 22 US 20030210956A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2003/0210956A1 Tanaka et al. (43) Pub. Date: Nov. 13, 2003 (54) METHOD FOR PURIFYING ALAYER OF Publication Classification CONTAMINATED SOIL AND APPARATUS (51) Int. Cl." ....................................................... B09C 1/02 (75) Inventors: Takeshi Tanaka, Tokyo (JP); Hisashi (52) U.S. Cl. ................................... 405/128.25; 405/128.5 Nirei, Chiba (JP); Kenji Nanba, Chiba (JP); Mio Takeuchi, Ibaragi (JP); Asuka Takahashi, Tokyo (JP); Masato (57) ABSTRACT Owaki, Ibaragi (JP) A method for purifying a layer of contaminated Soil is Correspondence Address: provided, including the following steps: (a) preparing an ARMSTRONG.WESTERMAN & HATTORI, injection well for injecting a fluid which has a purification LLP capability utilizing one of physical action, chemical reac 1725 KSTREET, NW tion, metabolism of microbes and promotion thereof and SUTE 1000 highly pressurized washing into the layer and (b) injecting WASHINGTON, DC 20006 (US) the fluid under a high pressure at which one of the physical (73) Assignee: TANAKA KANKYO-KAHATSU action, chemical reaction, metabolism of microbes and pro CO., Tokyo (JP) motion thereof and highly pressurized Washing can be controlled, through injection nozzles provided on a first wall (21) Appl. No.: 10/337,381 or a first bottom of the injection well. The method has features that the injected fluid Stirs and washes the layer to (22) Filed: Jan. 7, 2003 Separate or decompose contaminants and the contaminants (30) Foreign Application Priority Data are eliminated by collecting the fluid containing an unde composed portion of the contaminants in the layer through May 10, 2002 (JP)...................................... 2002-136126 a plurality of collection wells. 4 TO THEATMOSPHERE 8- 10m >3SLEC2 X ge 7 Y 79%Y72 !e IL 22b | 22 LAYER OF SOL Patent Application Publication Nov. 13, 2003 Sheet 1 of 8 US 2003/0210956A1 aa 1P a rete 12 ce. e Sec 5at as5 - to as at ec 92 as S 912 Sisa ses is sa EeES S3as S. Patent Application Publication Nov. 13, 2003 Sheet 2 of 8 US 2003/0210956A1 Z~SIDI–|| /E7/D/,/ ZZ}CIZZ TIOSHOHB)\WT 2.---T-~SA-T-S. I-AØ TOE:A£4,ZWZ Patent Application Publication Nov. 13, 2003 Sheet 3 of 8 US 2003/0210956A1 FIG 3 Patent Application Publication Nov. 13, 2003 Sheet 4 of 8 US 2003/0210956A1 Patent Application Publication Nov. 13, 2003 Sheet 5 of 8 US 2003/0210956A1 FIG5 S1 TO FRACTUREALAYER S2 TO CREATE ASATURATED ZONE TO RECYCLE THE FLUID S3 TO LIFT AFLUED WITH PRESSURIZED AIR S4 S5 S6 S7 Patent Application Publication Nov. 13, 2003 Sheet 6 of 8 US 2003/0210956A1 FIG.6 (K) ( C. |- 1C 2m 2m 2m 2m <-- - - Patent Application Publication Nov. 13, 2003 Sheet 7 of 8 US 2003/0210956A1 FI G. 7 START S11 TODRILL WELS INAGRID S12 TO ASSIGN WELLY IN THE CENTER OF CONTAMINATED AREAFOR ANNECTION WELL S13 TO ASSIGN OTHER WELLSA-XFOR COLLECTION WELS S4 TO MEASURE THE CONCENTRATION OF CONTAMINANTS FOREACH COLLECTION WELL S15 TO ASSIGN WELLS Q, R, S, T, U, W, WANDX RIGHT NEARTHEINJECTION WELLY FOR COLLECTION WELLS S16 TO ROTATE THENJECTION WELL FROMY TOX S17 TO ASSIGN WELLSP, Q, R. Y. W. W. N., AND ORIGHT NEARTHENJECTION WELLXFOR COLLECTION WELS S18 TO ROTATE THE INJECTION WELL FROMX TOW, V, U, T, S, R, Q SEQUENTIALLY S 19 TOREPEAT THE STEPSASSIGNING AWELL OF NCOMPLETEPURIFICATION FORTHENJECTION COMPLETION OFPURIFICATION NO YES CEND D Patent Application Publication Nov. 13, 2003 Sheet 8 of 8 US 2003/0210956A1 s WWOOuu09 WWOO uuOg s: S. US 2003/0210956 A1 Nov. 13, 2003 METHOD FOR PURIFYING ALAYER OF augmentation, is likely to cause undesired diffusion of CONTAMINATED SOIL AND APPARATUS bacteria into a Surrounding layer of Soil, thereby resulting in harmful side effects. It would therefore be difficult to adopt FIELD OF THE INVENTION this method publicly for fear of Secondary contamination. 0001. The present invention relates to a method and an 0008. In a conventional vacuum extraction method, a apparatus thereof for purifying in situ a layer of Soil (Soil level of groundwater rises due to pressure reduction in a layer, bedrock and groundwater) contaminated by harmful layer of contaminated Soil. This will lead to a reduction in a chemical materials. Zone from which contaminants can be extracted by vacuum extraction in a case where the contaminants are VOCs BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION described above, thereby resulting in low efficiency of 0002 Contamination of a layer of soil by not only purification. To be more specific, Since it is difficult to well-known heavy metals but also volatile organochlorine volatilize VOCs, which exist in water in a layer of contami chemical materials (hereinafter referred to as VOCs), for nated Soil deep in a Zone of Saturation under the level of example organic Solvents Such as trichloroethylene and groundwater, only a portion of the layer of contaminated Soil tetrachloroethylene, has recently posed a Serious Social above the level of groundwater can be purified. Therefore, problem. An apparatus for purifying a layer of contaminated the deepest portion of a well for vacuum extraction has not Soil, which makes an in Situ purification feasible by utilizing been used efficiently biodegradation of microbes in addition to a chemical approach, has been under way Such that these heavy metals SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION and VOCs (hereinafter also referred to as contaminants) can 0009. The items which are required for treatment of a be eliminated to be harmless effectively and efficiently. layer of Soil contaminated by harmful chemical materials 0003. Also a method, a combination of physical/chemical will now be described. method and biological one, which can provide an easy 0010 First, a purification method is required, which treatment for organochlorine compound in a shorter period enables not only complete in Situ purification for a layer of of time, has been attracting attention. Hopes have been put contaminated Soil but also prevention of the spread of on these methods for purifying a layer of contaminated Soil Secondary environmental contamination. Technique which in Situ, which do not require large-scale drilling of Soil can exert purification on the deepest layer of contaminated containing contaminants, transportation or burying back Soil and prevent Side effects caused by chemical materials thereof, thereby making it feasible to perform purification at and/or microbes is necessary for this method, when a fluid a low cost. having a purification capability utilizing one of physical 0004 Specifically, some examples for the method for action, chemical reaction, metabolism of microbes and purification utilizing physical/chemical method and micro highly pressurized Washing is injected through a well. biological method (bioremediation) are known. One method can provide treatment for contaminated water, which is 0011 Second, when the fluid is injected through a well collected and protected against diffusion by a water collect and collected through another well, it is required that puri ing unit located downstream the flow of contaminants, fication be performed uniformly and efficiently for a wide utilizing a groundwater vein. One method, which also has an area of layer of contaminated Soil including contamination area for treating contaminated water downstream the flow, caused by heavy metals as well. treats contaminants passing therethrough. The other method, 0012. Third, a method that can provide high solidifying which adopts injection of microbes and nutrients upstream purification for all the contaminants including heavy metals the flow of contaminants (VOCs) and diffusing of them in a is necessary. contaminated area, provides treatment for the contaminants. 0005. However, the aforementioned methods for purify 0013 Fourth, an optimization should be implemented ing a layer of contaminated Soil utilizing groundwater are Such that highly effective destruction of a layer of contami relatively a passive approach and depend on the flow of nated Soil can be achieved while the cost for associated groundwater. They can be applied only to treatment for the facilities is minimized. contaminants flowing out into the groundwater, and other 0014 Fifth, a method of highly efficient collection of wise require a large amount of time when they are applied Volatile contaminants is required, which enables elimination to purification of all the contaminants by forcing them out of Volatile contaminants remaining in a layer of Soil by from throughout the layer of contaminated Soil. Since the utilizing forced purification So that a high level of purifica flow of groundwater is neither constant nor uniform, it is tion can be achieved. difficult to collect and treat the contaminants completely. Also it is very unlikely that the injected chemical materials, 0015. When contaminants are volatilized from a layer of microbes and nutrients diffuse throughout the layer of con contaminated Soil and the air containing the contaminants is taminated Soil. extracted by a vacuum pump for purification of VOCs, a level of groundwater in a Saturated Zone rises since the 0006 Further, it has commonly occurred that the chemi preSSure in the layer is reduced by the pump. Since it is cal materials used for purification develop another contami difficult to volatilize the VOCs existing in water in the layer nation adversely due to complicated layer Structure. of contaminated Soil under the level of groundwater in the 0007 Among the aforementioned methods related to Saturated Zone, only contaminated Soil above the level is bioremediation, a method which introduces bacteria having purified, thereby resulting in remarkably low efficiency of a high decomposition capability for contaminants, biological purification. US 2003/0210956 A1 Nov. 13, 2003 0016 For this reason, it is required that the level of the contaminants are eliminated by collecting the fluid groundwater be lowered for the purification of VOCs as containing an undecomposed portion of the contaminants in described later. the layer through a plurality of collection wells.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Guide to Selecting Pressure Washing Management Practices and Technologies
    A Guide to Selecting Pressure Washing Management Practices and Technologies Supplement to the Massachusetts Clean Marina Guide Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management November 2008 Acknowledgments This document was produced by Tighe & Bond of Worcester, Massachusetts, for the Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs, Office of Coastal Zone Management (CZM). We thank Marc Richards of Tighe & Bond for his diligent and thoughtful work on the project. Significant content and editorial contributions were made by Jay Baker and Robin Lacey of CZM. We would also like to thank the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection for their review and input. This publication is funded (in part) by a grant/cooperative agreement from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA; Award No. NA07NOS4190066). The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies. This guide is intended as an educational tool for marina operators and boaters. It does not constitute a complete reference of state, federal, or local laws. The Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs, contributing agencies, organizations, and individuals cannot assume any liability for the accuracy or completeness of the information in this publication. Inclusion in this guide is not an endorsement of the companies listed. Final determination of the proper handling and disposal of waste is the sole responsibility of the generator and must be consistent with Massachusetts Hazardous Waste Regulations (see chapter 4.10 of the Massachusetts Clean Marina Guide). Table of Contents I.
    [Show full text]
  • Uniform Minimum Protocols and Standards for Watercraft Inspection and Decontamination Programs for Dreissenid Mussels in the Western United States UMPS III
    Uniform Minimum Protocols and Standards for Watercraft Inspection and Decontamination Programs for Dreissenid Mussels in the Western United States UMPS III Editors Leah Elwell and Stephen Phillips UMPS III | 2016 This document has been prepared by the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission to further the efforts of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s 100th Meridian Initiative, the mission of the Western Regional Panel on Aquatic Nuisance Species, and fulfill priorities within the Quagga Zebra Action Plan. Support for this project was provided, in part, by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Regions 1 and 6. Suggested citation: Elwell LC and S Phillips, editors. 2016. Uniform Minimum Protocols and Standards for Watercraft Inspection and Decontamination Programs for Dreissenid Mussels in the Western United States (UMPS III). Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission, Portland, OR. Pp 53. Original publication date of UMPS I: 2009 Revision and publication date of UMPS II: 2012 DISCLAIMER: The following protocols and standards are provided here to protect natural resources from the damage caused by aquatic invasive species. COVER PHOTOS: Arizona Game and Fish Department and David Wong Other photo credits: American Casting & Manufacturing Corp. Arizona Game and Fish Department California Department of Fish and Wildlife Idaho Department of Agriculture Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission, Bill Zook Quagga D LLC United States Bureau of Reclamation, Leonard Willet USDA Forest Service David Wong Wyoming Game and Fish Department 2 UMPS
    [Show full text]
  • Equipment Inspection and Cleaning Manual
    Technical Memorandum No. 86-68220-07-05 Inspection and Cleaning Manual for Equipment and Vehicles to Prevent the Spread of Invasive Species 2012 Edition U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation June 2012 Technical Memorandum No. 86-68220-07-05 Inspection and Cleaning Manual for Equipment and Vehicles to Prevent the Spread of Invasive Species 2012 Edition Prepared by: Joe DiVittorio, Invasive Species Program Coordinator, Bureau of Reclamation, Policy and Administration, Denver, Colorado Michael Grodowitz, Research Entomologist, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Vicksburg, Mississippi Joe Snow, Research Biologist, Contractor, ERDC and Teri Manross, Technical Writer-Editor, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colorado U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Policy and Administration Denver, Colorado June 2012 MISSION STATEMENTS The U.S. Department of the Interior protects America's natural resources and heritage, honors our cultures and tribal communities, and supplies the energy to power our future. The mission of the Bureau of Reclamation is to manage, develop, and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American public. DISCLAIMER This manual is intended as an introduction to its subject matter and as a reference tool. It does not create or alter policy or otherwise implement any law and should not be cited as a source of authority. The information contained herein, regarding commercial products or firms, may not be used for advertising or promotional purposes and is not to be construed as an endorsement of any product or firm by the Bureau of Reclamation or the Department of the Interior.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report 532
    Louisiana Transportation Research Center Final Report 532 Investigation of Best Practices for Maintenance of Concrete Bridge Railings by Marwa Hassan, Ph.D., P.E. Louisiana State University 4101 Gourrier Avenue | Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808 (225) 767-9131 | (225) 767-9108 fax | www.ltrc.lsu.edu TECHNICAL REPORT STANDARD PAGE 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's FHWA/LA.13/532 Catalog No. 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Investigation of Best Practices for Maintenance of January 2015 Concrete Bridge Railings 6. Performing Organization Code LTRC Project Number: 12-3C State Project Number: 30000660 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Marwa Hassan, Ph.D., P.E. LSU 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. Louisiana State University Department of Construction Management 11. Contract or Grant No. Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA 70803 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Louisiana Department of Transportation and Final Report Development June 2012 - June 2013 P.O. Box 94245 Baton Rouge, LA 70804-9245 14. Sponsoring Agency Code LTRC 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract Biodeterioration on concrete surfaces of vertical elements of bridges represents a serious challenge to the highway infrastructure in Louisiana. This report aims to document the causes of biodeterioration of concrete surfaces and to document current conventional and state-of-the-art practices implemented to prevent and clean biofilm. A comprehensive literature review of previous research has been carried out in order to determine the cause and mechanisms of the biodeterioration as well as to identify current methods that state DOTs have implemented in order to maintain their bridges and allow them to function in optimal structural and performance conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • CC01-21-15 Item-F9.Pdf
    Imperial Headworks Upgrade 12/1/2014 Bid Item #2 - Microscreen System Name SF6000 Salsnes Filter Mitcherson EcoSieve ES-3600 Total Cost $ 304,973.00 $ 327,498.32 Equipment Cost $ 270,022.00 $ 271,389.00 Submittal Cost $ 14,500.00 $ 13,692.32 Spare Parts Cost $ 4,526.00 $ 2,457.00 Freight Included Included Start-up Cost Included Included Installation Cost* $ 15,925.00 $ 39,960.00 Taxes (if not included in the Included Included proposal) Name SF6000 Salsnes Filter Mitcherson EcoSieve ES-3600 1. Name and Address Yes Yes 2. Lead Time - Submittals 4-6 Weeks 2-3 Weeks 3. Lead Time - Delivery 16 Weeks 14-15 Weeks 4. General Cut Sheets Yes Yes 5. References 6 in US; 6 internationally 5 in US (not equipment references) 6. Spare Parts Yes Yes 1 Motor for filter mesh/dewatering unit = Filter Belts = $2,275 $834 (5-7 years) 1 Blower Filter = $65 (6 months) Nylon Brushes = $225 (3-6 months) 1 Filter Drive Gear Box = $1,656 (5-7 years) 2 Bearings w/housing, drive roller = $89 6.a. List of All Spare Parts, (2-4 years) 1 Bearing w/housing, under roller = $76 Costs, and Expected Life (2-4 years) 1 Level Sensor Filter Mesh = $1,170 (3-5 years) (2) Guide Roller Seal, (2) Roller Ball Bearing, (4) Roller Sealing Disk, and Roller External Circlip = $312 (2-4 years) 7. Equipment Specs Yes Yes Jordan Fournier (Trojan Technologies); 8. Contact Person Matt Rebmann (Coombs Hopkins Michael Anderson Company) 9. Equipment Controls Yes Yes 10. Materials 316L SS 316L SS 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Safety Guidelines for Operating High Pressure Washer Equipment
    Employee Name Date Company Name Date Safety Guidelines for Operating High Pressure Washer Equipment It’s imperative that all operators read the safety and operating instructions before using any Power Line Industries, Inc. product. Pressure Washing can be dangerous if proper procedures are not followed and appropriate safety gear is not utilized. Read the engine owner’s manual for instruction and safety precautions on engine operation. This safety guideline must be reviewed and signed by all operators prior to running any high pressure washer equipment. p PRESSURE WASHER SAFETY Pressure Washing is a serious business that can result in serious injury or death when proper safety precautions are not followed. Awareness of common jetting hazards, knowing how to protect oneself from them, and learning and practicing the proper safety procedures can greatly reduce the chances of disaster striking at unexpected moments. p COMMON PRESSURE WASHING HAZARDS When water is pressurized to 4,000 PSI, it becomes a potentially deadly force that can easily result in serious injury when the water jet comes into contact with skin or eyes. The impact of a high pressure nozzle, leaky hose or being hit by wash debris (rocks, etc.) can cause potentially life threatening injuries. When washing is performed in confined spaces other OSHA rules for confined space entry and personal protective equipment must be followed. p PERSONAL PROTECTION Proper dress is also important when performing high-pressure water power washing. Coveralls should be worn. A heavy duty raincoat should also be worn to keep technicians dry and to help provide a barrier in the event there is contact with flying debris from washing.
    [Show full text]
  • Imca Sf 33/20
    Safety Flash 33/20 – December 2020 IMCA Safety Flashes summarise key safety matters and incidents, allowing lessons to be more easily learnt for the benefit of all. The effectiveness of the IMCA Safety Flash system depends on Members sharing information and so avoiding repeat incidents. Please consider adding [email protected] to your internal distribution list for safety alerts or manually submitting information on incidents you consider may be relevant. All information is anonymised or sanitised, as appropriate. 1 Rigging failure - clump weight dropped to seabed What happened? A clump weight used for anchoring a weather buoy was being deployed over the sea when the long link chain attached to the vessel crane hook failed resulting in the clump weight dropping to the seabed. The 2.6t clump weight was the anchor component of a mooring arrangement for the weather buoy. The load was rigged using a supplied mooring arrangement, which followed the manufacturer’s drawing in the weather buoy manual. Instead of a 450kg weight it was decided to use the 2.6 tonne clump weight already available and which had been shipped to the location for deployment. A service specialist prepared a deployment procedure which was discussed with those involved in the task. Shortly after the load was submerged in the sea the chain link attached to the quick-release mechanism snapped, and the load dropped to the seabed in an uncontrolled manner. Clump weight and the long link chain used Chain link snapped on the quick Applicable Life Saving for lifting release mechanism while deployed Rule: Safe Mechanical over the sea Lifting The findings revealed: • The rigging failed because a larger clump weight (2.6t) was selected than the design allowed for (450kg).
    [Show full text]
  • Voluntary Guidelines to Prevent the Spread of Aquatic Invasive
    VOLUNTARY GUIDELINES TO PREVENT THE INTRODUCTION AND SPREAD OF AQUATIC INVASIVE SPECIES: RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force November 2013 In July 2011, the Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force (ANSTF) re-established the Recreational Guidelines Committee (Committee) composed of 55 Federal and State agency, non-profit and industry representatives. The Committee’s mission is to update the 2000 ANSTF Recommended Voluntary Guidelines for Preventing the Spread of Aquatic Nuisance Species Associated with Recreational Activities (Federal Register/ Vol. 65, No. 76/ Thursday, April 13, 2000/ Notices, Pg. 19953). Those guidelines were revised taking into account new aquatic invasive species (AIS), and new recreational activities and equipment. Guidelines were revised for six recreational activities: anglers, motor boaters, non-motorized boaters, scuba divers and snorkelers, seaplane pilots, and waterfowl hunters. The purpose of these guidelines is to: • Provide a consistent, practical, and effective document to inform outreach efforts geared toward public recreationalists to prevent the spread of AIS, • Take into account the specific pathways, vectors, and life histories of all AIS, including fish, aquatic plants, invertebrates, and pathogens, and • Promote voluntary actions to support the national Stop Aquatic Hitchhikers!™ campaign, as well as statewide efforts such as Clean Boats, Clean Waters. Stop Aquatic Hitchhikers!TM is a national education campaign that helps recreational users to become part of the solution to stop the spread of AIS. Launched in 2002, the campaign was created under the auspices of the ANSTF. Joining the campaign is free and easy. Visit www.protectyourwaters.net and then click on “Become a Partner”. As of 2013, over 1,100 entities including agencies (federal, state, tribal, county), universities, colleges, schools, businesses, industries, non-profit organizations, and clubs have joined helping to reach millions of recreational users.
    [Show full text]
  • The Divers Logbook Free
    FREE THE DIVERS LOGBOOK PDF Dean McConnachie,Christine Marks | 240 pages | 18 May 2006 | Boston Mills Press | 9781550464788 | English | Ontario, Canada Printable Driver Log Book Template - 5+ Best Documents Free Download A dive log is a record of the diving history of an underwater diver. The log may either be in a book, The Divers Logbook hosted softwareor web based. The log serves purposes both related to safety and personal records. Information in a log may contain the date, time and location, the profile of the diveequipment used, air usage, above and below water conditions, including temperature, current, wind and waves, general comments, and verification by the buddyinstructor or supervisor. In case of a diving accident, it The Divers Logbook provide valuable data regarding diver's previous experience, as well as the other factors that might have led to the accident itself. Recreational divers are generally advised to keep a logbook as a record, while professional divers may be legally obliged to maintain a logbook which is up to date and complete in its records. The professional diver's logbook is a legal document and may be important for getting employment. The required content and formatting of the professional diver's logbook is generally specified by the registration authority, but may also be specified by an industry association such as the International Marine Contractors Association IMCA. A more minimalistic log book for recreational divers The Divers Logbook are only interested in keeping a record of their accumulated experience total number of dives and total amount of time underwatercould just contain the first point of the above list and the maximum depth of the dive.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Bulletin 15 Restoration Cleaning of Masonry Façades
    TECHNICAL BULLETIN 15 RESTORATION CLEANING OF MASONRY FAÇADES 3. Effective in removing surface organic growth. 4. Using only water allows for the run-off to be directed to most public drainage systems instead of requiring reclamation (check local requirements). Limitations of Steam Cleaning 1. The cost of steam-generating equipment and the amount of time required for effective cleaning make the process inefficient from a cost These “before and after” photos of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia illustrate standpoint. one of the main reasons for restoration cleaning -- a clean building looks better than a dirty building. 2. The use of excessively high temperatures presents a significant INTRODUCTION There are five basic methods for safety hazard to the operators. One of the main reasons for restoration cleaning masonry surfaces: cleaning is also one of the most 3. The cloud of steam generated at a. Water Cleaning obvious: a clean building looks better the surface makes it difficult for the than a dirty building. It is more b. Abrasive Cleaning operator to monitor the process and valuable and appears to be a better c. Chemical Cleaning creates visibility issues resulting in place to live, work or shop. As cleaning further safety hazards. The tendency removes decades of grit and grime, d. Thermal Cleaning to rush the cleaning process often architectural treasures are often e. Laser Cleaning results in incompletely rinsed, revealed where once there was only a blotchy surfaces. DIFFERENT TYPES OF CLEANING public eyesore. METHODS 4. Though effective for removal of The fact is heavy surface soiling and A.
    [Show full text]
  • Fast Filtration of Bacterial Or Mammalian Suspension Cell Cultures for Optimal Metabolomics Results
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Fast Filtration of Bacterial or Mammalian Suspension Cell Cultures for Optimal Metabolomics Results Natalie Bordag1, Vijay Janakiraman2, Jonny Nachtigall1, Sandra González Maldonado1, Bianca Bethan1, Jean-Philippe Laine3, Elie Fux1* 1 Metanomics GmbH, Berlin, Germany, 2 Biogen Idec Inc., Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, 3 Metanomics Health GmbH, Berlin, Germany a11111 * [email protected] Abstract The metabolome offers real time detection of the adaptive, multi-parametric response of the OPEN ACCESS organisms to environmental changes, pathophysiological stimuli or genetic modifications and thus rationalizes the optimization of cell cultures in bioprocessing. In bioprocessing the Citation: Bordag N, Janakiraman V, Nachtigall J, González Maldonado S, Bethan B, Laine J-P, et al. measurement of physiological intracellular metabolite levels is imperative for successful (2016) Fast Filtration of Bacterial or Mammalian applications. However, a sampling method applicable to all cell types with little to no valida- Suspension Cell Cultures for Optimal Metabolomics tion effort which simultaneously offers high recovery rates, high metabolite coverage and Results. PLoS ONE 11(7): e0159389. doi:10.1371/ sufficient removal of extracellular contaminations is still missing. Here, quenching, centrifu- journal.pone.0159389 gation and fast filtration were compared and fast filtration in combination with a stabilizing Editor: Kyoung Heon Kim, Korea University, washing solution was identified as the most promising sampling method. Different influenc- REPUBLIC OF KOREA ing factors such as filter type, vacuum pressure, washing solutions were comprehensively Received: January 21, 2016 1 tested. The improved fast filtration method (MxP FastQuench) followed by routine lipid/ Accepted: July 3, 2016 polar extraction delivers a broad metabolite coverage and recovery reflecting well physio- Published: July 20, 2016 logical intracellular metabolite levels for different cell types, such as bacteria (Escherichia coli Copyright: © 2016 Bordag et al.
    [Show full text]
  • WARNING HOT WATER PRESSURE WASHER Any Piece of Equipment Can Be Dangerous If Not Operated Properly
    WARNING HOT WATER PRESSURE WASHER Any piece of equipment can be dangerous if not operated properly. YOU are responsible for the safe operation of this equipment. The operator must carefully read and follow any warnings, safety signs and instructions provided with or located on the equipment. Do not remove, defeat, deface or render inoperable any of the safety devices or warnings on this equipment. If any safety devices or warnings have been removed, defeated, defaced or rendered inoperable, DO NOT USE THIS EQUIPMENT!!! BURNER REQUIRES DIESEL FUEL ONLY! WARNING! This product contains or produces one or more chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm. <<< DANGER >>> <<< DANGER >>> <<< DANGER >>> HIGH PRESSURE SPRAY CAN CAUSE EXTREMELY SERIOUS INJURY. THE PRESSURE STREAM CAN PIERCE SKIN, DAMAGE EYES, BURST EAR DRUMS. USE EXTREME CAUTION NEVER TOUCH A LEAKING HOSE, IT CAN PIERCE SKIN. SHUT THE UNIT DOWN BEFORE HANDLING IT. Use extreme caution whenever operating, moving, loading or unloading this equipment. During and after operation the Muffler, Burner, Hose, Gun and other components are Extremely Hot and will cause Serious Burns. Provide adequate ventilation when operating this equipment. Internal combustion engines and the burner consume oxygen and give off deadly carbon monoxide gas. Use extreme care when placing this unit; keep it a safe distance from combustibles, like tall grasses and over hanging structures. Always keep a garden hose, or proper fire extinguisher near by. PRE-OPERATION CHECK: Before starting your pressure washer: 1. Check pump oil level. Dip stick for pump is located on the top of the pump.
    [Show full text]