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Lire Journal: Journal of Linguistics and Literature Vol. 3 No. 1 March 2019 Lire Journal: Journal of Linguistics and Literature Vol. 3 No. 1 March 2019 INTRANSITIVE PHRASAL VERBS WITHPARTICLE THROUGH IN BRITISH NATIONAL CORPUS Diana Anggraeni [email protected] English Department, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences Bangka Belitung University Abstract The aim of this study is to describe the intransitive phrasal verbs with particle through used in the British National Corpus. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. Linguistic data sources were taken from the British National Corpus. The data containing the phrasal verbs with particle through , collected and then classified into several categories. The categories that are suitable for the purpose of the research are separated and labeled and then explained in a narrative according to the theory and research objectives. The results showed that the intransitive phrasal verbs with particle through in the British National Corpus consisted of two types, namely dynamic and stative intransitive phrasal verbs. Dynamic intransitive is a phrasal verbs with a particle through which indicates the existence of an activity or event carried out by the subject of the sentence. Dynamic intransitive phrasal verbs consist of phrasal verbs belonging to event verbs and activity verbs. Stative intransitive phrasal verbs are classified as existence verbs. Keywords: intransitive phrasal verbs, particles through, dynamic, stative, British National Corpus. INTRODUCTION English has a unit of language, such as words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. Language is basically something that is Similarly, categorically, English has a word unique to humans. Each language has its class in the form of nouns, verbs, own linguistic system or grammatical rules adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, that every speaker must learn so that a conjunctions, and interjections. good and grammatically correct language is Verbs are one of the syntactic categories created. Descriptively, the structure of whose presence has a very important role in language differs depending on the typology sentence structure. In the construction of of the language that applies in the English sentences, verbs are one of the respective community of speakers. This elements that must be present. In syntactic structural difference is a benchmark that function, English verbs always function as can be used to determine whether a predicates in a sentence. Verbs are often language is part of another language defined as words that indicate the actions of historically (Brown: 2007) or structurally, the the subject or current state. Klammer (2000: languages that exist in the world differ from 68) defines verbs semantically as the words one language to another, but have "express action", which are words that similarities in terms of things related to the indicate an action such as sit, speak, read, nature of language universally. and write, states (states) as in the sentence Typologically, English belongs to The paint lay before the fire 'The cat is lying Western Germanic languages, a branch of in front of the fire', and the conditions in the Indo-Aryan languages. Syntactically, 22 Lire Journal: Journal of Linguistics and Literature Vol. 3 No. 1 March 2019 sentence for the house to be unlocked over objectives in general are basically the same, the weekend 'The house remains unlocked namely that research is a reflection of for the weekend'. human desires that are always trying to find Syntactically the position of the verb out something. The desire to acquire and is in the middle in a sentence and is the develop knowledge is a basic human need most important element. This is in line with which is generally a motivation to conduct what was stated by Quirk et al. (1985: 50) research. that: Research methods are ways to approach, "The verb element (V) is the most" observe, analyze, and explain a central "element in that (i) its position is phenomenon. The method is also normally medial rather than initial or final; (ii) mentioned as a system of work in the it is normally obligatory; (iii) it cannot be implementation of an activity to achieve a nomally moved to a different position in the goal, related to the reasoning that applies in clause; and (iv) it helps to determine what a study. Reasoning with an understanding other elements must occur. of analytical logical thinking, through (1) Based on this opinion, the verb is the inductive, and (2) deductive. Inductive central element of a sentence or clause that reasoning is used to draw conclusions from cannot be moved in another position, as can matters that are specific to the general, be seen in the following sentences (1a) and whereas deductive reasoning starts from (1b): things that are general to specific. 1a. I poured a cup of coffee. (Djajasudarma & Citraresmana, 2016: 2). 1b. * I a cup poured of coffee. Science has objects that can be In sentence (1a) the verb is in the position systematically and systematically studied. after the subject that explains the subject The system is a functioning and moving matter, while the sentence (1b) is not arrangement. Language "linguistics" as an grammatically acceptable because the object of linguistics can be determined by element of the verb does not explain the the system, especially for the symbolic, but subject in the sentence. according to the function of language, there are also language objects that cannot be METHOD universally addressed. The research method is a scientific process The object of research is that the language or method to obtain data that will be used function is symbolic, while the non-symbolic for research purposes. The methodology is language as a result of affective and / or also a theoretical analysis of a method or emotive functions is an exception in the method. Research is a systematic grammar of a language. The study method investigation to increase some knowledge, it (analysis) is a system of work that is is also a systematic and organized effort to systemic in language research by departing investigate certain problems that require from data collected descriptively based on answers. The nature of research can be linguistics. The study method describes how understood by studying various aspects that data is sorted and / or classified based on encourage research to conduct research. the theoretical approach used or the Each person has a different motivation, scientific characteristics of the data among which is influenced by their goals collected. The study method is the essence and profession. Motivation and research of scientific work in describing the research 23 Lire Journal: Journal of Linguistics and Literature Vol. 3 No. 1 March 2019 data of a language. (Djajasudarma & verbs with particles through will be Citraresmana, 2016: 45). categorized based on syntactic and Research on phrasal verbs with particle semantic features into table form so that through using qualitative methods that are they are clearly visible and can be descriptive (in understanding data capture quantified into frequencies and as is). Descriptive research is research that percentages. The method used in this seeks to describe a phenomenon, event, research is descriptive qualitative method. event that occurs now. Descriptive research Linguists in the 1940s and 1950s (Brown, focuses on actual problems as they were at 2007: 9) describe descriptive qualitative the time of the research. Through methods as the idea that language can be descriptive research, researchers try to dismantled into pieces or these small units describe events and events that are the can be described scientifically, contrasted, center of attention without giving special and rearranged into intact form. This treatment to the event. The variables method describes so that research is examined can be single (one variable) can carried out based on existing facts. This also be more than one variable. study uses distributional study methods. This research relates to linguistic research The use of this method is based on the which aims to describe and study linguistic consideration that each element of phenomena, both in terms of syntax and language relates to one another to form a semantics. Qualitative research method is a unified entity (Djajasudarma, 1993: 60). procedure that produces descriptive data in The distributional method is done by looking the form of written and / or oral data, both at the characteristics of the phrasal verbs library data. Qualitative research is with particles through. According to considered as a tradition in social science Djajasudarma (1993: 62) there are seven that is fundamentally dependent on human analytical techniques in distributional observations in its own area and relates to techniques are elimination, substitution, the community through its language, intrusion, expansion, permutation, repetition including terminology (Kirk & Miller, 1986) in and paraphrasing. Distributional methods (Djajasudarma & Citraresmana, 2016: 18). use determinants in the language under Linguistic data sources were taken from the study. This distributional method is in line British National Corpus. Data that contains with descriptive research in shaping data a phrasal verbs with particle through, are behavior. Research data found through collected and then classified into several matching can be assessed based on categories that can be used as a verb type distributional methods. intransitive, with changes in the meaning of In the process of analyzing the data in this verbs that are attached to particles, and
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