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Towards a 3D Digital Model for Management and Fruition of Ducal Palace at Urbino

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Towards a 3D Digital Model for Management and Fruition of Ducal Palace at Urbino SCIentific RESearch and Information Technology Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologie dell'Informazione Vol 8, Issue 2 (2018), 1-14 e-ISSN 2239-4303, DOI 10.2423/i22394303v8n2p1 © CASPUR-CIBER Publishing, http://caspur-ciberpublishing.it TOWARDS A 3D DIGITAL MODEL FOR MANAGEMENT AND FRUITION OF DUCAL PALACE AT URBINO. AN INTEGRATED SURVEY WITH MOBILE MAPPING Romina Nespeca* *Polytechnic University of Marche - Ancona, Italy Abstract The digitization is the first feat of safety, knowledge and management of Cultural Heritage. The technological development has produced a complexity increase to manage the big data acquired. This paper shows the best practices for the digitization of a museum (National Gallery of Marche), hosted in a historical and complex building: it’s a problem of contents and “container” (the Urbino Ducal Palace = a city in the appearance of a Palace). This is the case study of the first challenging aim of the CIVITAS project. The digitization workflow has combined the several sensors and technology at different scales, such as static and mobile wearable laser scanners systems, the different focals for internal and external cameras, 360 panoramas and HD images. The goal achieved is the new 3D digital model, validated and with high accuracy, containing big 3D data, as starting point of HBIM, Serious Games, VR/AR applications. Keywords Cultural Heritage, 3D model, reality-based model, integrated survey. 1. Introduction mobile, wearable or transportable acquisition systems, which greatly reduce working time Digital technologies have transformed the way (Petrie, 2010) (Recchiuto, Scalmato, Sgorbissa, of thinking of Cultural Heritage (CH) researchers, 2017). The traditional scanning systems and the all industry professionals work by providing new new digital photogrammetry algorithms are ways to collaborate. For some time now, working combined with the latest Simultaneous on CH means working with a multidisciplinary Localization and Mapping (SLAM) systems, which team. Moreover, digital documentation includes consist of the concurrent construction of a model the collection of many different types of data and of the environment (the map) and the estimation tools. The importance of Cultural Heritage of the state of the instrument moving within it documentation is well recognized and there is an (Cadena et al., 2016) (Fuentes-Pacheco, Ruiz- increasing pressure to document and preserve Ascencio, Rendón-Mancha, 2012). them also digitally. Recently, the development of wearable The safeguard, the protection and the fruition systems based on multiple profilers and cameras of CH have gained a powerful tool, thanks to the opens to new challenging field of applications. potentialities of immersive visualization and 3D The potentialities of such systems in terms of reconstruction (Bruno et al., 2010). accuracy, productivity and completeness of the Those goals require an integrated survey final dataset has been tested and described in through several tools (sensors and techniques) many papers, such as (Castagnetti et al., 2016) must be necessarily used. Moreover, methods (Andrea Masiero et al., 2018). able to seamlessly combine different models Mapping large-scale indoor or underground together have to be developed in order to remove environments with high surface complexity, detail overlaps and fill gaps between them to create one and possibly low ambient light is still a model suitable for documentation and demanding task and a variety of technological visualization (Clini, Quattrini, Frontoni, Nespeca, solutions is significantly improved. 2015). The higher acquisition speed allows to survey For large areas, the latest technological a larger area, but this often means more data to developments are aimed at the improvement of be managed. For this reason, the data (2018), n. 2 R. Nespeca management is a strategic issue, today more than museumS), an interdisciplinary research project ever, also in the CH field. founded by UNIVPM and aimed for digitization Some projects present the implementation of and fruition of Ducal Palace at Urbino. a system for managing data based on the 3D According to the introduction, CIVITAS model of the cultural object with a focus on the proposes 5 strong challenges (ch) that process for cultural assets management and the respectively regard the following topics: interface design for cultural services (Apollonio et 1. Digitization of Cultural Heritage at different al., 2017). scales (ch1), In this way, alongside the parametric 2. Digital Content Management for 3D/4D modeling on BIM (Building Information semantic-aware models (ch2), Modeling) platform, especially for CH, the 3. Enhancement of Visitor Experience and Social information systems capable of manage various Inclusion (ch3), data and complex geometric shapes are 4. Fruition by multisensory (visual, haptic, increasingly being developed (Quattrini, sound) Interaction paradigms (ch4), Malinverni, Clini, Nespeca, Orlietti, 2015). 5. Business models based on Digital Heritage for The case study presented in this paper is Culture, Research, Tourism, Reflective Society Palace Ducal at Urbino. The new 3D model is promotion (ch5). created to become a support for the new museum They open up a large variability of chances in exhibition project, but also as a complete data sustainable exploitation and conservation of CH. collector for all further needs for the Palace or the These challenges require a chain of Gallery. interdisciplinary competences able to face the At the present stage, although the project main issues, both methodological and phases are not completed, the paper wants to technological, from different and interlinked describe the work of data acquisition and perspectives. processing. The methodology used respects the The first challenging aim of CIVITAS (ch1) principles of the London Charter: for a CH regards the digitalization workflow and the computer-based visualization to match the rigour combination of the related 3D sensor of conventional research, its rigour must be technologies to acquire and merge shapes at visible (www.londoncharter.org) (Brusaporci, different scales (geospatial, architectural, Trizio, 2013). Sufficient information, that sculptural, pictorial, and archaeological) and with accurately describes the work done so far, is different levels of accuracy. provided below. The techniques and the methodology used are Digitization of such a complex architectural based on the combination and matching of the object, very large and important, required the various datasets with different levels of detail integration of different techniques and was the (LOD), captured by photogrammetry (SfM) and test field for the use of an innovative wearable 3D laser scanning. instrument. From the first data mining, the The 3D models include HD pictures to obtain a chosen settings prove to be sufficiently rich in high-quality realistic representation. terms of geometry and colours to allow global and In this research, an innovation is represented local analyses, the multiscale details and the data by the study and the application of non-invasive quality. acquisition systems to digitize paintings, frames, Summarizing, the features of the work frescos, tapestries, etc. presented here are: an important historical The aim is to obtain a 3D model of the artwork building; a main museum with a large collection; a characterized by high resolution and accuracy big surface to digitally document; an integrated and to match it with the captured HD images in survey; a large amount of data to process; the order to use the model both for digital collections information system for management; scalability and fruition, and for conservation and of data; multilevel details. restoration, as stated in the following challenges. The second challenge regards the DH 2. The CIVITAS project collection archiving and management with a particular focus on BIM representation of the The work described in this paper is part of digital cultural heritage collections. In this context CIVITAS (ChaIn for excellence of reflectiVe the application of Linked Data and Semantic Web Societies to exploit dIgital culTural heritAge and 2 (2018), n. 2 Towards a 3D digital model for management and fruition of Ducal Palace at Urbino… technologies will be investigated, and a interaction with virtual artworks. methodology will be implemented to provide A final challenging issue of the project consists accurate and semantically rich representations of in the business and social innovation in DCH the BIM models. (Challenge 5). This is an international matter, but CIVITAS will design, build and validate this problem can be divided in several bottom-up workflows from reality-based models to deliver processes. Emerging technologies in the public 3D and metadata with different purposes/Level sector will require further researches, starting of Details/users/enrichments (crossing of with identifying the specific challenges in the disciplinary boundaries). sector. These necessary improvements will be In an interdisciplinary perspective, the assessed in cooperation with director of National previous key activity is one of the major focuses Gallery of Marche region and other experts in its of Challenge 3 answering to the following management and fruition. Under this perspective, question: “How can research provide tools and CIVITAS aims at investigating the adoption, methods to enhance the visitor experience, conversion and use process of a new technology improve cultural contents’ learning and create both at
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