Hattikuni Dam January-2020

O&M Manual for Hattikuni Dam January-2020

Operation and Maintenance

Operation and Maintenance Manual for Hattikuni Dam Water Resources Department State of Karnataka. Doc.No: O & M Manual_ KA06MH0093_KaWRD_ VERSION – 2 January 2020

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O&M Manual for Hattikuni Dam January-2020

Front Cover Photograph: Dam top view of Hattikuni Dam during rehabilitation works carried out under the Dam Rehabilitation & Improvement Project (DRIP). The Scope of Work includes Rehabilitation and improvements to providing barbed wire fencing to protected area, platform for V-notch Manhole and drystone revetment, kerb stone, protection wall to hillock adjoining to left bank of dam and asphalting to approach road to spillway and providing repairs spillway and improvements to barricades.

Dam Safety Rehabilitation Directorate Central Dam Safety Organization Central Water Commission 3rd Floor, New Library Building (Near Sewa Bhawan) R. K. Puram, New Delhi – 110066. Email: [email protected]

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Operation and Maintenance Manual for Hattikuni Dam

Prepared by the Dam Safety Rehabilitation Directorate with Assistance from

KARNATAKA NEERAVRI NIGAM LIMITED (A Government of Karnataka undertaking)

State of Karnataka

3rd Floor, New Library Building R. K. Puram New Delhi – 110066

January 2020 New Delhi

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Government of India Central Water Commission Central Dam Safety Organisation

Following the intrinsic requirements in the Guidelines for Preparing Operation and Maintenance Manuals for Dams published in January 2018, this manual has been developed to clearly illustrate the complexity and importance of managing operations, inspections and maintenance of any large dam. This model manual has been developed under the Dam Rehabilitation and Im- provement Project (DRIP) in collaboration with representatives of the Hattikuni Dam Chief En- gineer, Karnataka Neeravari Nigama Limited, Karnataka.

Disclaimer The content of this Operation and Maintenance Manual for Hattikuni Dam in no way restricts the dam owner in digressing from her/his responsibilities. The Central Dam Safety Organization or the Central Water Commission cannot be held responsible for the efficacy of this manual developed based solely on documents provided by the dam owner. The Dam Owner and her/his Operators must exercise appropriate discretion when implementing and use of the operation and maintenance manual for managing the workings of the dam and appurtenant structures. The manual serves as a model for the sole purpose of other organization for use in developing their own manual for managing the operation, inspection and maintenance required to be carried out to reduce risks and optimizing performance of their dams.

For any information, please contact: The Director Dam Safety Rehabilitation Directorate Central Dam Safety Organisation Central Water Commission 3rd Floor, New Library Building (Near Sewa Bhawan) R. K. Puram, New Delhi – 110066. Email: [email protected]

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Message

India has more than 5200 large dams. Their health and safety are of paramount importance for sustainable use of the valuable assets, besides providing protection to the people and property in the downstream areas. The Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuve- nation through the Central Water Commission (CWC), with financial assistance from the World Bank, started the Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project (DRIP) to rehabilitate 198 large dam projects in seven states.

For managing a dam in a sustainable and scientific manner, it is very crucial for each dam owner to have dam specific Operation and Maintenance Manual that lays down procedures for the daily upkeep of the dam. An Operation and Maintenance Manual for a dam is essential for ensuring its safe functioning and for deriving continued benefits. This Operation and Maintenance Manual for Hattikuni Dam has been prepared following the Guideline for Preparation Operation and Maintenance Manuals published in January 2018 under DRIP and covers requirements for project Operation, Inspection, Maintenance, Instrumentation and Monitoring the health of Hattikuni Dam both during monsoon and non-monsoon periods.

I recommend the dam officials to use this manual for the efficient and safe Operation and Maintenance of the Hattikuni Dam on regular basis.

I also compliment all the experts who have contributed to the development of this manual and congratulate the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation, CWC for the initiation of such important policy protocol to address dam safety management in India.

Shri. Rakesh Singh, IAS Principal Secretary Water Resources Department, Karnataka

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Team Involved in Preparing this O & M Manual

Jagannath Halinge Chief Engineer, KNNL, IPZ, Kalaburagi Jagannath Halinge Superintending Engineer, KNNL, IPC Circle, Kalaburagi Sangamnath Executive Engineer, KNNL, Bennethora Project, Divn.- 4,

Hebbal, Tq: Chittapur, Dist: Kalaburagi

Kailash Assistant Executive Engineer, KNNL, Chandrampalli

Project, Sub-divn., Chandapur

Sunil Rathod Assistant Engineer, KNNL, Chandrampalli Project,

Sub-divn., Chandapur

Siddaroodha Assistant Engineer, KNNL, Chandrampalli Project,

Sub-divn., Chandapur

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Table of Contents Message ...... v Forward…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….vi CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INFORMATION ...... 1 1.1 Introduction ...... 1 1.2 Purpose, Location & Description of Hattikuni Dam ...... 1 1.3 Background Details of the Project ...... 2 1.3.1 Dam site Location ...... 2 1.3.2 Hattikuni Reservoir Planning ...... 2 1.3.3 Main Design Features and Components of Hattikuni Dam ...... 6 1.4 Assignment of Responsibility ...... 8 1.4.1 Overall Responsibilities for Hattikuni Dam ...... 9 1.4.2 Roles and Responsibilities of the AEE and AE during Monsoon ...... 10 1.4.3 Roles and Responsibilities of the SE and EE during Monsoon ...... 11 1.4.4 Roles and Responsibilities of the Chief Engineer during Monsoon ...... 12 1.5 Collection & Reporting of Dam and Reservoir Data ...... 12 1.6 Public and Project Staff - Health and Safety ...... 14 1.7 Restricted Areas ...... 14 1.7.1 Details of the Security arrangements at Hattikuni Dam Site ...... 14 1.8 Staff Position, Communication & Warning System ...... 16 1.8.1 Schedule of General Duties for Project Engineers ...... 18 1.8.2 Hydro-Mechanical Inspections / Checks ...... 20 1.9 Distribution of Operation & Maintenance Manuals ...... 21 1.10 Supporting Documents & Reference Material ...... 22 CHAPTER 2. PROJECT OPERATION ...... 23 2.1 Basic Data ...... 23 2.1.1 Area Capacity curves ...... 23 2.1.2 Design Flood and Features Related to Safety ...... 26 2.2 Flood Management at Hattikuni Reservoir ...... 28 2.2.1 Gate Operations ...... 28 2.2.2 Rule Curve ...... 30 2.2.3 Recommended Gate Operation Procedures for Normal Flow Conditions ...... 32 2.2.4 Inflow Forecasting ...... 33 2.2.5 Flood warning system in catchment area...... 33 2.2.6 Flood communication system ...... 33

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2.2.7 Methodology of Flood Regulation at Hattikuni ...... 34 2.2.8 Historical Events ...... 46 2.2.9 Operation ……………………………………………………………………46 2.3 Access roads ...... 50 2.4 Record Keeping ...... 51 CHAPTER 3. PROJECT INSPECTIONS ...... 52 3.1 Introduction...... 52 3.2 Types of Inspections ...... 52 3.2.1 Comprehensive Evaluation Inspections ...... 52 3.2.2 Scheduled Inspections ...... 53 3.2.3 Special (Unscheduled) Inspections ...... 54 3.2.4 Informal Inspections ...... 54 3.3 Pre- and Post-Monsoon Check list and Example of Report Proforma ...... 55 CHAPTER 4. PROJECT MAINTENANCE ...... 65 4.1 Introduction...... 65 4.2 Maintenance Priorities ...... 65 4.2.1 Immediate Maintenance ...... 65 4.2.2 Preventive Maintenance ...... 66 4.3 Procedures for Routine Maintenance ...... 67 4.3.1 Earthwork ……………………………………………………………………67 4.3.2 Masonry / Concrete Dams & Spillways ...... 71 4.3.3 Gates & Hoisting Equipment ...... 71 4.3.4 Electrically operated fixed hoists ...... 74 4.3.5 Maintenance of Electrical components of Fixed Rope Drum Hoists ...... 75 4.4 Surface Preparation and Painting of HM Works ...... 79 4.5 Maintenance of Metal Gate Components ...... 81 4.6 Access Roads...... 81 4.7 General Cleaning ...... 82 4.8 Materials and Establishment Requirements during Monsoon Period ...... 82 4.9 General List of Maintenance Records ...... 82 4.10 Preparation of O&M budget ...... 82 4.11 The rehabilitation works carried out under DRIP-I for Hattikuni Project are as follows…………………...... 83 4.12 Maintenance Records ...... 91 CHAPTER 5. INSTRUMENTATION AND MONITORING ...... 92

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5.1 Dam Instrumentation ...... 92 5.1.1 General Information ...... 92 5.1.2 Instruments Embedded in the Hattikuni Earthen Dam ...... 92 CHAPTER 6. PREVIOUS REHABILITATION EFFORTS ...... 93 CHAPTER 7. UPDATING THE MANUAL ...... 94 APPENDIX – 1 : PERFORMANCE OF DAM INSTRUMENTS ...... 62 APPENDIX – 2 : PERFORMANCE OF METEROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS PERTAINING TO LARGE DAMS IN KARNATAKA ...... 63 APPENDIX – 3 : CATEGORISATION OF DEFICIENCIES ...... 64 APPENDIX – 4 : BASIC DRAWINGS OF HATTIKUNI DAM ...... 95 APPENDIX – 5 : KEY ELEMENTS OF THE EAP ...... 99 APPENDIX – 6 : MATERIAL REQUIRED FOR MAINTENANCE DURING MONSOON ...... 110 APPENDIX – 7 : SCHEDULED OR UNSCHEDULED DAM SAFETY INSPECTION FORM ...... 111 APPENDIX – 8 : GLOSSARY ...... 138

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List of Tables Table 1 Details of Distributed Water to Karnataka ...... 1 Table 2 Salient Features of Hattikuni Dam ...... 7 Table 3 Overall Responsbilities for Hattikuni Dam ...... 9 Table 4 Roles and Responsbilities of AEE and AE ...... 10 Table 5 Roles and Responsbilities of SE and EE ...... 114 Table 6 Roles and Responsbilities of Chief Engineer ...... 142 Table 7 Example Performa for recording Flow Data ...... 14 Table 8 Hydro-mechanical Inspections / Checks ...... 20 Table 9 Distribution of O & M Manual and Revisions ...... 21

Table 10 Elevation V/s Volume Curve ...... 23 Table 11 Details of Peak floods for Hattikuni reservoir ...... 26 Table 12 Details Showing the flood absorption capacity ...... 29 Table 13 Table showing the recorded inflow in Mcft. into the reservoir during monsoon period ...... 29 Table 14 Rule curve table of Hattikuni Dam showing month and storage capacity ...... 30 Table 15 Rule curve table of Hattikuni Dam showing month and reservoir elevation ..... 31 Table 16 Details showing the monthly recommended water releases to the irrigation .... 32 Table 17 Inflow computation...... 34 Table 18 Hattikuni reservoir project table of discharges over spillway v/s gate openings ...... 36 Table 19 Vertical lift Crest Gates – Technical Data ...... 43 Table 20 Calibration chart for discharge through canal sluice gate of Hattikuni Dam ... 47

Table 21 Pro-forma for periodical inspection of large dams ...... 56 Table 22 Revised Pro-format for Health status report of large dams ...... 59

Table 23 O&M BUDGET COSTS (ANNUAL) ...... 89

Table 24 Locations and Extents of Structural Members ...... 92 Table 25 Embedded Instruments ...... 92

Table 26 Rehabilitation works under DRIP ...... 93

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List of Figures Figure 1 Location Map of Hattikuni Project ...... 3 Figure 2 Krishna Basin Map ...... 4 Figure 3 Overhead Image of Hattikuni Dam ...... 5 Figure 4 Layout of Hattikuni Dam Premises ...... 15 Figure 5 Organisation Chart for Hattikuni project ...... 17

List of Graphs Graph 1 Capacity Elevation Curve or Capacity Curve ...... 25 Graph 2 Area Elevation Curve or water Spread Area Curve ...... 25 Graph 3 Peak flood Hydrograph ...... 28 Graph 4 Rule curve of Hattikuni Dam Reservoir Capacity v/s Month ...... 31 Graph 5 Rule curve of Hattikuni Dam Reservoir level v/s Month ...... 32

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Acronyms used in this publication are as follows:

BIS Bureau of Indian Standards

CDSO Central Dam Safety Organisation

CWC Central Water Commission

SDSO State Dam Safety Organisation

O&M Operation and Maintenance

DRIP Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project

DSRP Dam Safety Review Panel

EAP Emergency Action Plan

Global Positioning System (uses GPRS for data transmis- GPS sion like browsing the web)

FRL Full Reservoir Level

MWL Maximum Water Level

MDDL Minimum Draw Down Level

DSL Dead Storage Level

EDA Energy Dissipation Arrangement

HM works Hydro-Mechanical works

DG set Diesel Generator set

TMC Thousand-Million M3

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CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1 Introduction This document represents a detailed Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Manual for Hattikuni Dam, Karnataka, providing written descriptions of procedures for ensuring that the dam operates safely and is kept in a good condition by periodic inspections, repairs, maintenance in a sustainable manner. Timely maintenance is important for the continued safe functioning and pro- ductive use of the dam and reservoir. The Manual has been prepared primarily for the dam operation’s staff and their supervisors who are assigned the responsibility for the physical operations and maintenance of the dam. It contains, as a minimum, all information and instructions necessary for them to perform their allotted tasks in a safe manner. In addition to instructions for dam operations staff, the Manual includes all necessary instructions for other staff directly or indirectly involved in operating and maintaining the dam. It is essential that the Manual or a copy of the Manual along with supporting data including the atlas of all drawings and manufacturer’s technical documents is available at site for ready reference.

1.2 Purpose, Location & Description of Hattikuni Dam The main objective of Hattikuni project is to provide irrigation facilities to the scarcity striken villages of Yadgiri district to an extent of 5300 Acres. The site is approachable by an all weather road from Hattikuni village on Yadgir-Sedam road at a distance of 1.0 km from dam site. Hattikuni Dam is located across Gajarkot branch of Hattikuni stream near Hattikuni Village. Hattikuni project is a medium irrigation project and it is constructed across Hattikuni nala Motanalli village, the spilled water from the dam runs over stream via Hattikuni, Yeddalli, Bandalli and Chamanalli to Bhima river near Yadgir. The project is located near Yadgir Taluka and District

Table 1. Details of Distributed Water to Karnataka i) From assessed 75% yield 0.352 TMC

Total 0.352 TMC

Project was planned for utilization of 387.46 Mcft. The total command area proposed for irrigation is 2145 Ha in only Yadgir taluk of Yadgir District.

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1.3 Background Details of the Project Hattikuni dam is constructed across the Hattikuni nala which is a tributary to Hattikuni stream. The Hattikuni stream is also tributary to the Yadgir stream which itself is a tributary to river Bhima and joins river Bhima in the Krishna basin. It is an earthen dam with saddle spillway comprises of a storage reservoir near Shamnapur village of Yadgir Taluka and District, in Karna- taka state.

1.3.1 Dam site Location Hattikuni Dam is located across Gajarkot branch of Hattikuni stream near Hattikuni village (above 2 miles upstream side) at Latitude 16˚ 53’ North and Longitude 77˚ 10’ 00’’ 8. See location and vicinity map.

1.3.2 Hattikuni Reservoir Planning Catchment: The catchment area of dam site is 51.08 Sqmiles. Yields: The yield available is 494.083 Mcft . Storage: The Hattikuni dam gross storage capacity at FRL is 9.976 Mcum (0.353 TMC) and live storage of 7.93Mcum (280.33mcft), dead storage 2.03Mcum (71.973Mcft and the crest level of spill way is 413.71m (1357.00 ft). Water Spread: The reservoir water spread area at FRL is 300 Acres.

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Figure 1. Location Map of Hattikuni Project

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Figure 2. Krishna Basin Map

Hattiku-

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Figure 3. Overhead Image of Hattikuni Dam

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1.3.3 Main Design Features and Components of Hattikuni Dam i) Components: The dam consists of 9 gates of fixed wheel vertical lift type provided in each of the 9 vents of 25 feet width and 6 ft height in the spillway. The spillway is located in a separate location upstream of the dam on the left side of the reservoir near the left flank. ii) Earthen Dam: The earthen dam has a maximum height of 22.10 m from the lowest foundation level of spillway and the top width is 2.92 m. The earthen dam has a maximum height of 22.10 m from the stripped level and consists of zonal sections with impermeable hearting zone and semi-permeable casing zone on upstream and downstream of the hearting zone. A cut-off trench taken up to hard rock, filled with the impermeable soil is provided below the hearting zone. The rock below the cut-off trench is curtain grouted. An inclined grade sand filter of 2.0 m and horizontal graded sand filter of 1.0 m are provided downstream of the hearting zone. A 90 cm thick rip rap over a filter layer of 45 cm is provided on the upstream side of the earthen embankment with concrete toe wall and concrete templates i.e., on the water side. Rock toes on downstream are provided with graded filters at their base and embankment sides. Horizontal berms 3.0 m wide are provided on the downstream slope of the embankment. Downstream slope of the embankment is 2:1 upto 25.0 ft. from top and 2.5 horizontal to 1 vertical below with 3.0 ft. berms at 25.0 ft. intervals, whereas for the upstream side, a slope of 3:1 is provided. The top width of the dam is 5.60 m. iii) Masonry non-overflow section: This portion is constructed in un-coursed rubble stone masonry in cement mortar. iv) Spillway Dam Section: Spillway blocks 9 numbers are constructed of stone masonry except for the portion of the nappe on the downstream and the top portion of the crest, where the construction is of cement concrete. Type of spillway : Ogee spillway Length of the Spillway : 77.41 m Crest level of spillway : 413.71 m Spillway capacity : 376.73 Cumecs Size of spillway gates : 7.62 m X 1.82 m No. of Gates : 9 v) Irrigation Sluices: Irrigation sluices are provided of size 3.0 ft X 4.0 ft-wide and operated manually. An irrigation channel about 14.00 km long on the left bank of the stream to irrigate 5300 acres, the head capacity of the channel 50 cusecs.

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Table 2. Salient Features of Hattikuni Dam

Sl. Items Description No

General:

1 Location of Dam Across Gajarkot branch of Hattikuni stream near Hattikuni Village at Latitude 16˚ 53’ 00 North and Longitude 77˚ 10’00’’, 13 km from the Yadgir Railway Station.

2 Means of Access Approachable from Yadgir Bidar Road (State Highway No -15)

Geophysical Features:

1 Catchment area 51.11 Sq miles

2 Nature of catchment Upper reaches consist of hilly terrain with forest growth and the lower reach is mod- erately flat catchment.

3 Climate Moderate and tending to be hot.

4 Annual mean temperature Minimum – 8˚ C Maximum – 45˚ C

5 Mean annual precipitation 893.97mm

6 Net yield Dam site at 75 % dependability 13.99 M cum (494.08 Mcft)

7 Silt charge per year -

8 Geological features at dam site Hard basalt stone bed

Technical Details of Dam:

1 Gross Storage Capacity 9.970 Mcum (352.307 Mcft)

2 Dead Storage 2.03 Mcum (71.97 Mcft)

3 Lowest Foundation Level --

4 Lowest Nala Bed Level 394.10 m

5 Dead Storage Level at MDDL 406.29 m

6 Full Reservoir Level (FRL) 415.44 m

7 Maximum Water Level (MWL) 415.44 m

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8 Crest level (El.) 413.61 m

9 Top Level of Dam (El.) 417.88 m.

Length of Dam:

1 Total length of dam is 1016.19 m

a. Length of masonry spillway dam 77.41 m

b. Earthen dam (Left flank) 938.784 m

Other Details:

1 Maximum height of dam above the lowest -- foundation level

2 Height of dam above the lowest nala 22.10 m bed level

3 Top width of earthan dam 5.60 m

4 Top width of spillway dam 2.92 m

5 9 Nos. of 1.82 m X 7.62 m No. & size of spillway crest gates

6 No. and dimensions of irrigation sluice One vent of 0.91 m X 1.22 m gates

Details of submergence:

1 Total area of submergence (Gross) 133 Acres

2 Villages submerged Nil

3 Population affected Nil

4 Railway line Nil

1.4 Assignment of Responsibility The Karnataka Neeravari Nigam Limited is the owner and has the final authority and responsibility for the operation and maintenance of the dam. Identification of all areas of responsibilities connected with the operation and maintenance of the dam are covered in this section. The officer’s responsibilities for the various functions are identified by their designation and, in particular, the responsibilities of operating personnel are specifically identified in below and includes

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O&M Manual for Hattikuni Dam January-2020 regularly scheduled duties which staff personnel are required to perform as outlined in the following tables:

1.4.1 Overall Responsibilities for Hattikuni Dam

Table 3 – Overall Responsibilities for Hattikuni Dam

Sl. Particulars Remarks No.

1 Implementing Agency Karnataka Neeravari Nigam Limited (A Govt. of Karnataka Undertaking) Water Recourses Department, Karnataka

2 Project Administration Officer Managing Director, KNNL, Bengaluru in charge

3 Operations of Equipment at the Chief Engineer, KNNL, I.P.Z., Kalaburagi Dam

4 Reservoir inflow and Flood Executive Engineer, KNNL, BNT Div., forecasting Hebbal

5 Authorising spillway flood releases Chief Engineer, KNNL, I.P.Z., Hattikuni

6 Authorising releases for irrigation Chief Engineer, KNNL, I.P.Z., Kalaburagi as per the proceedings of the Irrigation Consulta- tive Committee meeting (ICC) and in consulta- tion with Managing Director, KNNL Benga- luru

7 Recording reservoir Data Executive Engineer, KNNL, BNT Div., Hebbal

8 Routine inspection Executive Engineer, KNNL, BNT Div., Hebbal

9 Maintenance Executive Engineer, KNNL, BNT Div., Hebbal

10 Instrumentation Executive Engineer, KNNL, BNT Div., Hebbal

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1.4.2 Roles and Responsibilities of the AEE and AE during Monsoon Table 4 – Roles & Responsibilities of AEE & AE

Flood condition assessment, warning, flood mitigation, and other responsibili- Step ties

Assist the EE/SE/CE to issue notification to the villagers downstream in Newspa- 1 pers, Radio, TV News channel to be alert regarding the flood situation

Assist the EE/SE/CE to coordinate with the Revenue authorities (District 2 Administration) to alert the downstream villagers to evacuate the flood zone to prevent loss of life and live stock

Assist the EE/SE/CE to coordinate with the CWC flood monitoring authorities on 3 the flood condition

Maintain the reservoir water level gauge register and to update on hourly basis during 4 floods. and to bring to the notice of EE/SE/CE

Assess the inflows in the reservoir as per the approved reservoir operation and to 5 prepare Performa consisting of the status of the reservoir capacity and releases from the reservoir as per the standard Performa and to submit to the EE/SE/CE

Submit to the EE/SE/CE on the inflows and releases from the reservoir and 6 status of the reservoir twice in the day

7 Maintain the spillway crest gate operation log book

Operate the Spillway crest gates for flood mitigation as per the instructions of the 8 EE/SE/CE and to update the Gate operation Log book

Observe the seepages in the drainage Gallery with respect to the reservoir head and record the seepages in the infiltration gallery and to immediately bring to the notice of 9 the EE/SE/CE in case of excessive seepage ,leakage in any specific blocks and porous drains

Maintain the pump operation log books for the dewatering pumps in the drainage 10 gallery and to submit to EE/SE/CE

Observe the gates and to see that the drain holes are not clogged and floating 11 debris is not deposited in the gate components

Monitor the condition of the Welding transformers, gas cutting sets, umbrellas, tool 12 kits torches chain blocks ropes ballies etc. on daily basis and to see that things are in place to handle any emergency situation

Observe the Gates, hoists and handling equipment during operation for the smooth 13 movements and to immediately report any untoward excessive sounds in the motors, pumps or vibrations in the gate

14 Observe the dam top, embankment, catwalk, approach roads are well maintained by

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housekeeping personnel

Observe the performance of the Dam and its appurtenant structures / Gates and 15 Hoists during flood water releases and to report to the EE/SE/CE in case of any untoward incidents or malfunctioning of the gates of excessive seepages, leakages etc

Assist EE/SE/CE to coordinate with the downstream Dam Project Engineers and 16 getting the flow data

Assist EE/SE/CE to share the flow data and the reservoir storage details to the Me- 17 dia on day to day basis

1.4.3 Roles and Responsibilities of the SE and EE during Monsoon Table 5 – Roles & Responsibilities of SE & EE

Flood condition assessment, warning, flood mitigation and other Step Responsibilities

To issue notification to the villagers downstream in Newspapers, Radio, TV News 1 channel to be alert regarding the flood situation

Assist the CE to coordinate with the Revenue authorities (District Administration) 2 to alert the downstream villagers to evacuate the flood zone to prevent loss of life and live stock

Assist the CE to coordinate with the CWC flood monitoring authorities on the 3 flood condition

Submit to the CE on the inflows and releases from the reservoir and status of the 4 reservoir twice in the day

Operate the Spillway crest gates for flood mitigation as per the instructions of the 5 CE and to update the Gate operation Log book

Observe the seepages in the drainage Gallery with respect to the reservoir head and record the seepages in the infiltration gallery and to immediately bring to the 6 notice of the CE in case of excessive seepage, leakage in any specific blocks and porous drains

Observe the Gates, hoists and handling equipment during operation for the 7 smooth movements and to immediately report any untoward excessive sounds in the motors, pumps or vibrations in the gate

Observe the dam top, embankment, catwalk, approach roads are well maintained 8 by housekeeping personnel

Observe the performance of the Dam and its appurtenant structures / Gates and 9 Hoists during flood water releases and to report to the CE incase of any untoward incidents or malfunctioning of the gates of excessive seepages, leakages etc

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Assist CE to share the flow data and the reservoir storage details to the Media on 10 day to day basis

1.4.4 Roles and Responsibilities of the Chief Engineer during Monsoon Table 6 – Roles & Responsibilities of the Chief Engineer

Step Flood condition assessment, warning and flood mitigation

1 To issue notification to the villagers downstream in Newspapers, Radio, TV News channel to be alert regarding the flood situation based on the input by Project En- gineers of the State of Maharashtra, to the information on the rainfall in the catchment and also to Coordinate with the Revenue authorities (District Administration)

2 Coordinate with the CWC flood monitoring authorities on the flood condition

3 Issue necessary instructions to the engineers to Operate the reservoir based on the inflows, rainfall data, releases from the upstream reservoirs and status of the reservoir

4 Observe the performance of the Dam and its appurtenant structures / Gates and Hoists during flood water releases and to issue necessary instructions to the AEE/EE/SE

5 Conduct Pre and Post Monsoon inspections of the Dam

1.5 Collection & Reporting of Dam and Reservoir Data A Performa is provided to ensure that dates and times for the collection and reporting of vital information is recorded and documented for the record.  Reservoir water surface elevation.  Reservoir inflow.  Spillway outflow.  Irrigation releases. Instructions and a standard Performa for collection and reporting of inflow and outflow data, and other pertinent data, is shown in Table 5 below. Records [Logbooks] of the following operations at Hattikuni Dam are to be maintained in a chronological manner for reference. These records are helpful for identifying preventative maintenance measures that may need to be taken up, troubleshooting the cause of potential equipment failure and documenting development of any unusual conditions.  Date and Time  Attendance statement during normal operations – both during monsoon and non- monsoon periods.  Operations of the spillway gates and outlet works.

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 Testing / Operation of spillway gates and associated controls.  Testing/operation of Outlet gates, and associated controls.  Maintenance activities carried out.  Reservoir and dam inspections.  Unusual conditions or occurrences, including acts of vandalism.  Attendance statement at the dam during emergency operations.  Changes to normal operating procedures.  Communication network checks.  Safety and special instructions.  Names of officers and staff carrying out inspections and maintenance.  Any other item pertaining to the operation and maintenance of the dam.

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Table 7. Example Performa for recording Flow Data

For the Month of ______

Date TIME Water Inflow Out Flow in Cusecs Reservoir level in – in Cu- Capacity in m secs Spillway Left bank Total outflow TMC gate canal

Footnote 1:To be indirectly calculated as per examples 1 and 2 in Chapter 2, Paragraph 2.2.9.2

Legend  HLBC: Hattikuni Left Bank Canal

1.6 Public and Project Staff - Health and Safety As safety of Project Staff is of prime concern, safety instructions & protection measures at the dam are carried out by all staff/project personnel.

1.7 Restricted Areas Certain areas of the dam and reservoir are restricted for entry of the general public. The purpose of restrictions is for security of the dam, public safety and uninterrupted safe operation of the dam. Restricted areas will include the following:  Confined spaces such as audits, etc.  Spillway approach areas, chutes and stilling basins.  Control buildings areas.  Intake or outlet channels adjacent to hydraulic structures.

1.7.1 Details of the Security arrangements at Hattikuni Dam Site Security arrangements for Hattikuni Dam are called by tender yearly and agency will maintain security of the dam with a total strength of 02 Security personnel are deployed 24/7 at the critical location viz., dam main entrances, head works.

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Figure 4 - Layout of Hattikuni Dam Premises

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1.8 Staff Position, Communication & Warning System Staff positions vary according to requirement during monsoon / non-monsoon periods .in dam only 02 Security personnel. are deployed 24/7 at the critical location viz., dam main entrances, head works. Warning systems including alarms are not provided to the dam. Basic facility like communication is provided.

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Figure 5 - Organisation Chart for Hattikuni project

Chief Engineer, KNNL I.P.Z. Kalaburagi

Superintending Engineer, KNNL I.P.C. Circle, Kalaburagi

Executive Engineer, KNNL BNT Project, Divn. No.4, Hebbal

Assistant Executive Engineer Assistant Executive Engineer KNNL, BNT, LBC Sub-Divn. KNNL, BNT, R & R Sub- Divn., Hebbal

Assistant Executive Engineer Assistant Executive Engineer KNNL, BNT, Dam Sub-Divn. KNNL, Chandrampalli Project,

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1.8.1 Schedule of General Duties for Project Engineers Schedules of duties being performed by the staff assigned to various locations and components of Hattikuni Dam are provided in this section. All activities are to be recorded daily in the Log- book and site registers. DAILY  Visual inspection of dam  Crest of dam (Dam top)  Upstream and downstream faces  Visible portions of foundation and abutments contacts  Record water surface elevation. (during monsoon)  Record reservoir inflow and spillway discharge. (during monsoon)  Record releases from outlets /sluices.  Check security and safety devices.  Complete logbook / site registers which should include the above information WEEKLY  Electrical System  Standby generator (DG Sets)  Run for 15-30 min to achieve recommended operating temperature  Check status of batteries and keep them charged.  Check Fuel Supply  Drainage systems - Toe drains, Gallery drains etc., and, during any reservoir filling operations MONTHLY  Check condition of:  Dam and Reservoir  Reservoir periphery (During Monsoon)  Measuring devices/Instruments  Security and safety devices – rectification, if needed.  Communication Devices  Mechanical/Electrical System  Replace fuses/light bulbs, as necessary  Inspect and maintain ventilation system; check for and remove any obstructions  Cleaning of control panel boards QUARTERLY  Outlet Works  Availability of updated operating instruction  Check gate air vents  Clean gate control switchboxes  Check operation of gates and valves  Grease gate hanger / dogging arrangements Doc. No. CDSO_O&M_KA06MH0093_Hattikuni Dam_v2.0 Page 18

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Check  Check condition of trash rack of intake structure  Check condition of Outlet works & the Energy Dissipation Arrangement (EDA)  Spillway  Check for debris in inlet channel  Check operation of gates  Check for damages in spillway glacis, EDA, d/s area, etc.  Check and clear spillway bridge drains  Clean inside of motor control cabinet and remove debris, insect (bee nests), nests, ro- dents and bird nests Other works  Check for adherence to instrumentation schedule  Record pertinent information in Operation Log  Check conditions of V-notch weirs/other seepage measuring devices BI-ANNUAL  Spillway & outlet works  Check paint on gates and other areas of corrosion  Check lubrication of wire ropes and application of cardium compound.  Check mechanical hoist bearings and flexible coupling bearings  Check gear systems  Exercise gate and valves for operational efficiency  Check oil reservoir level in hydraulic system and top up as necessary  Check pressure release valve and clean any debris, dirt, other foreign objects as necessary  Lubricate gate rollers  Check rubber seals and seal clamp bar  Electrical System and Equipment  Change oil in stand by generator  Check exposed electrical wiring of :  Operating equipment of gates/hoists of Outlet works.  Operating equipment of gates and hoists of Spillway  Operating equipment of any other gates and hoists in dam  Spillway catwalk / bridge  Check Gate limit switches and adjust ANNUAL  Spillway & Outlet works  Paint  Metalwork, Gate, Hoists and all exposed metal parts for corrosion  Hydraulic power pack system  Exercise Gates and Valves  Examine stilling basin / energy dissipation arrangement and d/s channel & carry out rectification works, as necessary.  Check metal welds for damages/cracks in Gates, Hoist platform, etc.

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Electrical  Check electrical conduits, pull-boxes and switches for:  Outlet works  Gates & hoists  Spillway bridge FIVE YEAR (PERIODIC) Inspect intake structures, trash racks and stilling basin / energy dissipation arrangement, which normally are underwater; less frequent if experience indicates. Review Dam operation procedures and EAP and update as necessary.

1.8.2 Hydro-Mechanical Inspections / Checks Special duties performed for H-M operating personnel works are given in this section. Frequency of inspections/checks for hydro-mechanical components and necessary actions to be taken up during maintenance. Table 8. Hydro-mechanical Inspections / Checks

Sl. Embedded Part Frequency No.

Regular inspection of the gate along with the hoist to be carried out 1 Daily daily to ensure that there is no unusual development/ observation

2 Check all welding for soundness& rectify defects Quarterly

Check all nuts & bolts provided and tighten them, and replace the de- 3 Quarterly fective nuts & bolts

Check upstream face of Skin plate for pitting, scaling and corrosion. 4 Scaling formation are to be removed. Pitting shall be filled with weld& Yearly ground. Corroded surface shall be cleaned & painted

Joints of side & bottom rubber seals to be checked for their proper 5 alignment and fixing & to be rectified/ adjusted if there is leakage Monthly through joints

Nuts & bolts for rubber seal connection to be tightened and damaged 6 Quarterly nuts and bolts to be replaced

The excessive or widespread leakages if any shall be reported to the en- 7 gineer in charge. If the seals are required to be replaced the same shall- Quarterly be carried out after supply of rubber seal by the department free of cost in case the change of rubber seals is more than once during total

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maintenance period of five years

8 The guide roller pin is to be lubricated Quarterly

1.9 Distribution of Operation & Maintenance Manuals The list of unit officers to whom the O&M Manual is required to be distributed is shown in the table below: Table 9 - Distribution of O & M Manual and Revisions

Number of Manual Sl. No. Unit Officers Distribution

Secretary to Govt., Water Resources Department, Vi- 1 3 kasa Soudha, Bengaluru

Managing Director, 2 1 KNNL, Bengaluru

3 Chief Engineer, KNNL, I.P.Z., Kalburagi 2

4 Library of the Dam Zone, Hattikuni 1

Chief Engineer, Water Resources Development Organ- 5 1 ization, Bengaluru

6 Director, KERS, K R Sagara 1

7 Superintending Engineer, SPMU, WRDO, Bengaluru 1

Superintending Engineer, KNNL, I.P.C.Circle, Kala- 8 1 buragi

9 Library of the Dam Circle, Kalaburagi 1

10 Executive Engineer, SPMU, DRIP Bengaluru 1

11 Deputy Chief Engineer, KNNL, I.P.Z., Kalaburagi 1

12 Executive Engineer, KNNL, BNT Div., Kalaburagi 1

Executive Engineer, Monitoring and Evaluation, Ben- 13 1 galuru

14 Library of the Dam Division, Hebbal 1

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15 TA to CE, I.P.Z., Kalaburagi 1

16 TA to SE, I.P.C., Circle, Kalaburagi 1

Assistant Executive Engineer, KNNL, Chandrampalli 17 1 project, Sub Division, Chandapur

Assistant Executive Engineer, KNNL, Division-2, 18 1 Hattikuni

19 Technical Section of Central Office 1

20 Technical Section of Circle Office 1

21 Technical Section of Division Office 1

1.10 Supporting Documents & Reference Material This O&M Manual is the key instruction document. Supporting documents and necessary instructions for all phases of the operation, inspection and maintenance of the dam, reservoir and appurtenant work is shown below are available at the dam control room:  Emergency Action Plan  Administrative procedures (EAP)(under preparation)  Reservoir / River pollution contin-  Flood forecasting and operating cri- gency plan teria  Maintenance schedules  Basic operating plan  Gate Manufacturer’s instructions  Agreements with other user agencies and drawings  Power station operation plan  Regional communication directory  Irrigation operation plan  Instrumentation reports / results

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CHAPTER 2. PROJECT OPERATION

2.1 Basic Data The Hattikuni operation plan consists of step-by-step instructions for operating the dam and reservoir during routine (normal) and emergency conditions. The operating procedures for normal operations are discussed in this chapter including operating criteria for the reservoir, spillway & outlets. The operation of a dam involves regulation of its reservoir as per project specific requirements. This includes the use of area capacity curves and design flood; both are described below.

2.1.1 Area Capacity curves The area capacity curves for Hattikuni Dam tabular and graphical form are shown in Table 8 and Graph 1 & 2. Tabular column shows the total capacity of the reservoir with respect to the elevation and water spread area in the reservoir. Capacity curve is drawn using different elevations in the reservoir with respect to total capacity and water spread area curve is drawn using water spread area in the reservoir with respect to elevation. Table 10 - Elevation V/s Volume Curve

Sl. Water spread Water spread Capacity - Elevation - ft. Elevation – m No. Area – Msft. Area – Msft. Mcft.

1 4.9900 1328.00 404.77 4.9915 50.1711

2 5.2000 1330.00 405.49 5.2000 55.4650

3 5.4085 1331.00 405.79 5.4085 61.9154

4 5.6170 1332.00 406.10 5.6170 66.3664

5 5.8095 1333.00 406.40 5.8095 71.9739

6 6.0020 1334.00 406.71 6.0020 77.8841

7 6.2500 1335.00 407.01 6.2500 84.8147

8 6.4510 1336.00 407.32 6.4510 90.3683

9 6.7050 1337.00 407.62 6.7050 96.9492

10 6.9160 1338.00 407.93 6.9160 103.7610

11 7.1280 1339.00 408.23 7.1280 110.7900

12 7.3980 1340.00 408.54 7.3980 118.0582

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13 7.6170 1341.00 408.84 7.6170 125.5692

14 7.8960 1342.00 409.15 7.8960 133.2933

15 8.1220 1343.00 409.45 8.1220 141.2990

16 8.3760 1344.00 409.76 8.3760 149.5547

17 8.6430 1345.00 410.06 8.6430 158.0657

18 8.8820 1346.00 410.37 8.8820 166.0516

19 9.1810 1347.00 410.67 9.1810 175.8644

20 9.4240 1348.00 410.98 9.4240 185.1654

21 9.7340 1349.00 411.28 9.7340 194.7030

22 9.9800 1350.00 411.59 9.9800 204.5053

23 10.0000 1351.00 411.89 10.0000 214.6740

24 10.2700 1352.00 412.20 10.2700 224.9512

25 10.4000 1353.00 412.50 10.4000 235.4435

26 10.8210 1354.00 412.80 10.8210 244.2129

27 11.0335 1355.00 413.11 11.0335 255.1348

28 11.2500 1356.00 413.41 11.2500 268.1903

29 11.4830 1357.00 413.72 11.4830 279.2055

30 11.6960 1358.00 414.02 11.6960 291.0896

31 11.9020 1359.00 414.33 11.9020 302.9862

32 12.1100 1360.00 414.63 12.1100 314.9200

33 12.3310 1361.00 414.94 12.3310 327.1142

34 12.5785 1362.00 415.24 12.5785 339.5450

35 12.8180 1363.00 415.55 12.8180 352.2875

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Graph 1 - Capacity Elevation Curve or Capacity Curve

Graph 2 - Area Elevation Curve or water Spread Area Curve

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2.1.2 Design Flood and Features Related to Safety The total maximum flood design at Hattikuni Dam site was earlier fixed at 748 Cumecs. This was based on the unit hydrograph studies for a return period of 100 years. The spillway is designed for a flood discharge of 376 Cumec through 6 Nos. of vertical lift gates of size 7.62 m horizontal and 1.82 m vertical. The maximum flood design was revised in December 2015 on the direction of Chief Engineer and Nodal officer (DRIP), WRDO, Bengaluru, KERS gave the maximum flood value as 811 Cumecs and this had been again revised and finally fixed maximum flood design 920 Cumecs. The spillway is designed for 376 Cumecs and the Probable Maximum Flood carried out from KERS by hydrograph method is 920 Cumecs.

Table 11 - Details of Peak floods for Hattikuni reservoir

Time - Total flood ordinates at Flood ordinate Base flow Hrs. Hattikuni Dam - Cumecs

0 0 22.0 22

1 0 22.0 22

2 0 22.0 22

3 2 22.0 24

4 9 22.0 31

5 17 22.0 39

6 23 22.0 45

7 29 22.0 51

8 39 22.0 61

9 58 22.0 80

10 100 22.0 122

11 206 22.0 228

12 258 22.0 280

13 223 22.0 245

14 166 22.0 188

15 129 22.0 151

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16 128 22.0 150

17 140 22.0 162

18 153 22.0 175

19 173 22.0 195

20 204 22.0 226

21 264 22.0 286

22 400 22.0 422

23 734 22.0 756

24 898 22.0 920

25 729 22.0 751

26 466 22.0 488

27 251 22.0 273

28 122 22.0 144

29 53 22.0 75

30 21 22.0 43

31 9 22.0 31

32 4 22.0 26

33 2 22.0 24

34 1 22.0 23

35 0 22.0 22

36 0 22.0 22

37 0 22.0 22

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Graph 3 - Peak flood Hydrograph

2.2 Flood Management at Hattikuni Reservoir The gate operation for flood management and gate operation schedule during normal conditions are prepared by Siddaroodha and Kailash, Assistant Engineers in the Chandrampalli subdivision.

2.2.1 Gate Operations Discharge characterstics of gates The discharging capacity of spillway gates and sluice gate at different reservoir levels for each gate and for all gates for different gate opening have been computed. Using empirical formula discharge has been carried out for Hattikuni reservoir spillway and generated a table indicating the discharge with reference to gate opening versus reservoir level and also for free-flowing condition which is being used for measurement of discharge through spillway crest gates. The discharges through river sluices and irrigation sluices are being determined by the formula, Q= 0.62*sqrt (2gH)*A Where : A = Area of sluice gate opening. G = Acceleration due to gravity.

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H = Height measured from water level in the reservoir to the centre of the opening.Water flow into the Hattikuni reservoir from the catchment during rainy season. The Hattikuni reservoir has flood absorption storage capacity upto F.R.L. Hence it is indicated to have the flood absorption capacity in the reservoir upto F.R.L. during monsoon period. Hence it is indicated to have the flood absorption capacity in the reservoir to be 0.352 TMC during monsoon period. Reservoir operation schedule It is proposed to have 0.352 TMC storage capacity as flood absorption upto F.R.L during active monsoon so as to have safe and effective reservoir operation schedule. The gross storage capacity and reservoir level with 0.352 TMC flood absorption capacity is as shown below: Table 12 - Details Showing the flood absorption capacity

Reservoir level Reservoir level Capacity – Mcft. Difference in capacity – ft. b/n – Mcft

F.R.L. 1363.00 352.29 3.19

R.L. 1362.75 349.10 9.56

R.L. 1362.00 339.54

The rainfall in the catchment area generally starts in June and rains heavily in July, August and September. The recorded inflow in to the reservoir from 2000-2015 is as follows: Table 13 - Table showing the recorded inflow in Mcft. into the reservoir during monsoon period

Capacity – Mcft. Sl. Year No. July August September October

1 2000 2.94 33.65 48.49 63.25

2 2001 -- 25.09 41.53 101.89

3 2002 -- 33.56 3.53 38.85

4 2003 -- 24.01 10.34 5.42

5 2004 -- 14.80 2.93 6.53

6 2005 8.09 27.54 112.81 27.92

7 2006 2.96 2.99 3.34 2.43

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8 2007 39.17 15.09 169.41 14.45

9 2008 7.36 36.17 167.60 12.54

10 2009 -- 41.81 139.89 547.34

11 2010 56.23 131.39 354.85 270.29

12 2011 49.48 457.95 91.32 --

13 2012 50.62 145.42 92.11 30.28

14 2013 6.36 73.04 380.67 66.22

15 2014 -- 39.03 66.92 27.85

16 2015 -- 2.44 64.39 4.37

2.2.2 Rule Curve The Hattikuni reservoir rule curve is developed using month v/s storage capacity and month v/s reservoir level for the FRL of 1618.00 ft. and the same is shown in tabular as well as graphical forms below. Table 14 - Rule curve table of Hattikuni Dam showing month and storage capacity

MONTH RESERVOIR CAPACITY – TMC

January 0.072

February 0.070

March 0.068

April 0.065

May 0.061

June 0.056

July 0.082

August 0.141

September 0.150

October 0.352

November 0.341

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December 0.277

Graph 4 - Rule curve of Hattikuni Dam Reservoir Capacity v/s Month

The water release for irrigation is controlled by using Rule curve. Table 15 - Rule curve table of Hattikuni Dam showing month and reservoir elevation

MONTH RESERVOIR CAPACITY - ft.

January 1333.00

February 1332.81

March 1332.38

April 1332.75

May 1331.00

June 1330.12

July 1336.38

August 1343.00

September 1344.12

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October 1363.00

November 1362.18

December 1356.75

Graph 5 - Rule curve of Hattikuni Dam Reservoir level v/s Month

2.2.3 Recommended Gate Operation Procedures for Normal Flow Conditions During normal flow condition, the spillway vertical lift gates will not be operated otherwise kept in closed condition unless and otherwise there is a flash flood. Irrigation sluice gates will be operated to allow the required discharge through the irrigation canals.

Table 16 - Details showing the monthly recommended water releases to the irrigation

Month Water release for irrigation – Mcft.

November 5.90

December 53.85

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January 30.62

February 0.55

March --

2.2.4 Inflow Forecasting The gross storage of Hattikuni Dam at FRL 415.44 m is 0.352 TMC. The revised design flood for Hattikuni Dam is a probable maximum flood (PMF)of 920 Cumecs (32477.73 Cusecs). The impounding has started in the reservoir in the year 1975. During monsoon, incident rains in the catchment area causes the flash floods, these floods may lead to problems like people getting displaced from their homes, huge damage to crops and other assets. The floods can poses disastrous impact on the environment also. Adequate measures are required to be taken up in advance to control and regulate the flow of water. The following measures are essential for effective management of floods in Hattikuni Dam during the monsoons.  Nomination of liaising officers.  Sharing of directory of concerned officers responsible for flood management.  Exchange of data regarding rainfall, releases from dams, reservoir water levels.  Reservoir operation schedules.  Exchange of data regarding rainfall, releases from dams, reservoir water levels.  During monsoon water will be released whenever reservoir level reaches FRL for every 4 hrs. & 8 hrs. The data regarding exchange floods is made available to the Revenue authorities and public by broadcasting in AIR, TV and publication in news papers.

2.2.5 Flood warning system in catchment area The regulation of flood from the catchment area of the Hattikuni reservoir is very crucial to quantify the inflow of floods into Hattikuni dam. The agencies of Central water Commission will be coordinated to assist in the flood forecasting. Accordingly, the sequence of opening or closing of gates will be taken up in accordance with the approved gate operation schedule.

2.2.6 Flood communication system The widely time tested communication to reach every corner of the flood affected zones have been radio and television and private media for the people to move to safer places by themselves in an emergency. Communication is very important in such occasions. These days due to revolution in the telecommunication system, there is available, network of mobile phones. Advantage of this facility will be taken. Mobile numbers of all such staff will be listed and made available to all the personnel who have been assigned duty of disaster management. Following liaising officers for flood co-ordination of Hattikuni Dam are as listed below Karnataka State:

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 Chief Engineer, KNNL, IPZ, Kalaburagi Phone No.: 08472-256561; Mobile No. :8296375432  Superintending Engineer, KNNL, IPC, Circle, Kalaburagi Phone No.: 08472-220342 ; Mobile No. :8296375432  Executive Engineer, KNNL, BNT Project, Divn-4, Hebbal Mobile No. : 9900248547  Assistant Executive Engineer, KNNL, Chandrampalli Project, Sub-Divn. Chandapur, Mobile No. : 9448586103  Assistant Engineer, KNNL, Chandrampalli Project, Sub-Divn. Chandapur Mobile No. : 7411282801  District Administrator, Yadgir Phone No. : 08473-253700

2.2.7 Methodology of Flood Regulation at Hattikuni Inflow Computation Inflow into reservoir is normally estimated by the reservoir gauging method (also called the rise and fall method or inflow-outflow method).All the outflows are added together and to it difference of capacities with respect to the reservoir levels at certain time intervals will be added or subtracted as case may be (raise or fall). Examples of Inflow Computation Procedure for calculation of reservoir capacity and inflow :  Step 1:- Considering the previous day’s reservoir level and capacity as base material.  Step 2:- Taking the reservoir level from dam site Step 3:- Calculation of reservoir capacity for observed level by using area- capacity table by interpolation method.  Step 4:- Comparing the present day reservoir area and capacity with the previous day values  Step 5:- Calculation of total outflows from the reservoir in the previous 24 hours (including Hassan city drinking water supply)  Step 6:- Calcualtion of inflows by the addition of total outflows and difference of capacity which arrived in step 4 (i.e., total outflows + reservoir capacity).

Example:-For date of 2nd October 2016 Table 17 - Inflow computation

Date Reservoir Level – m Capacity - mcft Difference – mcft.

01-10-2016 415.3662 349.10 3.18 02-10-2016 415.4024 352.28

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Total = 46.96 Cusecs = 4.058 mcft. Inflows = Total outflows + diff. in capacity from table = 4.058 + 3.18 = 7.238 Mcft or 83.77 Cusecs

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O&M Manual for Hattikuni Dam January-2020 Computation procedure for Vertical lift crest gate opening Discharge chart containing the flood discharge for prescribed gate opening versus reservoir level chart is prepared and shown in the following tabular column. Table 18 - Hattikuni reservoir project table of discharges over spillway v/s gate openings (one gate)

Depth of flow (Height of open

Gate) 0.00 0.05 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90

RL of Gate Opened 413.62 413.67 413.72 413.77 413.82 413.87 413.92 413.97 414.02 414.07 414.12 414.17 414.22 414.27 414.32 414.37 414.42 414.47 414.52

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

415.44 1.82 0.00 1.40 2.78 4.15 5.49 6.81 8.11 9.39 10.65 11.89 13.11 14.31 15.48 16.63 17.76 18.87 19.95 21.01 22.04

415.42 1.80 0.00 1.39 2.77 4.12 5.46 6.77 8.06 9.34 10.59 11.82 13.03 14.21 15.38 16.52 17.64 18.74 19.81 20.86 21.88

415.37 1.75 0.00 1.37 2.73 4.06 5.38 6.67 7.94 9.19 10.42 11.63 12.81 13.98 15.12 16.24 17.33 18.40 19.45 20.47 21.47

415.32 1.70 0.00 1.35 2.69 4.00 5.29 6.57 7.82 9.04 10.25 11.44 12.60 13.74 14.86 15.95 17.02 18.07 19.09 20.08 21.06

415.27 1.65 0.00 1.33 2.65 3.94 5.21 6.46 7.69 8.90 10.08 11.24 12.38 13.50 14.59 15.66 16.70 17.72 18.72 19.69 20.63

415.22 1.60 0.00 1.31 2.61 3.88 5.13 6.35 7.56 8.74 9.90 11.04 12.16 13.25 14.32 15.36 16.38 17.37 18.34 19.28 20.20

415.17 1.55 0.00 1.29 2.56 3.81 5.04 6.25 7.43 8.59 9.73 10.84 11.93 13.00 14.04 15.05 16.05 17.01 17.95 18.87 19.75 WATER IN RESERVOIR IN WATER

415.12 1.50 0.00 1.27 2.52 3.75 4.95 6.13 7.29 8.43 9.54 10.63 11.70 12.74 13.75 14.74 15.71 16.65 17.56 18.44 19.30

415.07 1.45 0.00 1.25 2.48 3.68 4.86 6.02 7.16 8.27 9.36 10.42 11.46 12.48 13.46 14.43 15.36 16.27 17.15 18.01 18.83

415.02 1.40 0.00 1.23 2.43 3.61 4.77 5.91 7.02 8.11 9.17 10.21 11.22 12.21 13.17 14.10 15.01 15.89 16.74 17.56 18.36 TOTAL HEAD OF

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414.97 1.35 0.00 1.20 2.39 3.54 4.68 5.79 6.88 7.94 8.98 9.99 10.97 11.93 12.87 13.77 14.65 15.50 16.32 17.11 17.87

414.92 1.30 0.00 1.18 2.34 3.47 4.58 5.67 6.73 7.77 8.78 9.76 10.72 11.65 12.56 13.43 14.28 15.09 15.88 16.64 17.36

414.87 1.25 0.00 1.16 2.29 3.40 4.49 5.55 6.58 7.59 8.58 9.53 10.46 11.36 12.24 13.08 13.90 14.68 15.43 16.16 16.85

414.82 1.20 0.00 1.13 2.24 3.33 4.39 5.42 6.43 7.42 8.37 9.30 10.20 11.07 11.91 12.72 13.50 14.26 14.97 15.66 16.31

414.77 1.15 0.00 1.11 2.19 3.25 4.29 5.30 6.28 7.23 8.16 9.06 9.93 10.77 11.58 12.35 13.10 13.82 14.50 15.15 15.76

414.72 1.10 0.00 1.08 2.14 3.18 4.19 5.17 6.12 7.04 7.94 8.81 9.65 10.45 11.23 11.97 12.69 13.36 14.01 14.61 15.18

414.67 1.05 0.00 1.06 2.09 3.10 4.08 5.03 5.96 6.85 7.72 8.55 9.36 10.13 10.87 11.58 12.26 12.89 13.50 14.06 14.59

414.62 1.00 0.00 1.03 2.04 3.02 3.97 4.89 5.79 6.65 7.49 8.29 9.06 9.80 10.50 11.18 11.81 12.41 12.97 13.49 13.97

414.57 0.95 0.00 1.01 1.99 2.94 3.86 4.75 5.62 6.45 7.25 8.02 8.75 9.46 10.12 10.75 11.35 11.90 12.42 12.89 13.32

414.52 0.90 0.00 0.98 1.93 2.85 3.74 4.61 5.44 6.24 7.00 7.74 8.44 9.10 9.73 10.31 10.86 11.37 11.84 12.26 12.63

414.47 0.85 0.00 0.95 1.87 2.76 3.62 4.45 5.25 6.02 6.75 7.44 8.10 8.73 9.31 9.86 10.36 10.82 11.23 11.60 11.91

414.42 0.80 0.00 0.92 1.81 2.67 3.50 4.30 5.06 5.79 6.48 7.14 7.76 8.34 8.88 9.37 9.83 10.23 10.59 10.89 11.14

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0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.50 1.55 1.60 1.65 1.70 1.75 1.80 1.82

.32 414.57 414.62 414.67 414.72 414.77 414.82 414.87 414.92 414.97 415.02 415.07 415.12 415.17 415.22 415.27 415 415.37 415.42 415.44 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41

23.06 24.04 25.00 25.94 26.85 27.74 28.59 29.43 30.23 31.00 31.75 32.47 33.16 33.81 34.44 35.04 35.60 36.13 36.33

22.88 23.86 24.81 25.74 26.63 27.51 28.35 29.17 29.96 30.73 31.46 32.16 32.84 33.48 34.09 34.67 35.22 35.73 35.93

22.45 23.40 24.32 25.22 26.09 26.93 27.74 28.53 29.29 30.02 30.72 31.39 32.03 32.63 33.21 33.75 34.26 34.73 34.91

22.00 22.92 23.82 24.68 25.52 26.34 27.12 27.88 28.60 29.30 29.96 30.59 31.20 31.76 32.30 32.80 33.26 33.69 33.85

21.55 22.44 23.31 24.14 24.95 25.73 26.48 27.20 27.89 28.55 29.18 29.78 30.34 30.87 31.36 31.82 32.24 32.62 32.76

21.09 21.95 22.78 23.59 24.36 25.11 25.83 26.51 27.17 27.79 28.38 28.94 29.46 29.95 30.40 30.81 31.18 31.51 31.64

20.61 21.44 22.25 23.02 23.76 24.48 25.16 25.81 26.43 27.01 27.56 28.08 28.55 29.00 29.40 29.76 30.09 30.37 30.47

20.13 20.93 21.70 22.44 23.14 23.82 24.47 25.08 25.66 26.20 26.71 27.18 27.62 28.01 28.37 28.68 28.95 29.18 29.25

19.63 20.40 21.13 21.84 22.51 23.15 23.76 24.33 24.87 25.37 25.84 26.26 26.65 26.99 27.30 27.56 27.77 27.93 27.99

19.12 19.85 20.55 21.22 21.86 22.46 23.03 23.56 24.05 24.51 24.93 25.31 25.64 25.93 26.18 26.38 26.53 26.63 26.66

18.60 19.29 19.96 20.59 21.19 21.75 22.27 22.76 23.21 23.62 23.99 24.31 24.60 24.83 25.02 25.15 25.24 25.27 25.26

18.06 18.72 19.34 19.93 20.49 21.01 21.49 21.93 22.33 22.69 23.01 23.28 23.50 23.68 23.80 23.86 23.87 23.82 23.78

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17.50 18.12 18.71 19.26 19.77 20.25 20.68 21.07 21.42 21.73 21.99 22.20 22.35 22.46 22.51 22.50 22.43 22.28 22.21

16.93 17.51 18.05 18.56 19.02 19.45 19.83 20.17 20.47 20.72 20.91 21.06 21.15 21.18 21.14 21.05 20.88 20.63 20.51

16.33 16.87 17.37 17.83 18.25 18.62 18.95 19.24 19.47 19.65 19.78 19.85 19.86 19.81 19.68 19.48 19.20 18.83 18.66

15.72 16.21 16.66 17.07 17.44 17.76 18.03 18.25 18.42 18.53 18.58 18.57 18.49 18.34 18.11 17.79 17.37 16.85 16.60

15.07 15.52 15.92 16.28 16.59 16.85 17.05 17.21 17.30 17.33 17.30 17.19 17.01 16.74 16.38 15.91 15.32 14.59 14.25

14.40 14.80 15.14 15.44 15.69 15.88 16.02 16.09 16.11 16.05 15.91 15.69 15.39 14.97 14.44 13.78 12.95 11.91 11.43

13.70 14.04 14.32 14.56 14.74 14.86 14.91 14.90 14.81 14.65 14.39 14.04 13.57 12.97 12.21 11.25 10.03 8.42

12.96 13.23 13.46 13.62 13.72 13.75 13.72 13.60 13.40 13.10 12.69 12.16 11.47 10.59 9.46 7.95

12.17 12.38 12.53 12.61 12.62 12.56 12.41 12.17 11.82 11.35 10.73 9.93 8.88 7.49

11.33 11.46 11.52 11.51 11.41 11.23 10.94 10.54 9.99 9.26 8.31 7.02

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

414.3 6.8 7.9 0.75 0.00 0.89 1.75 2.58 3.37 4.14 4.86 5.55 6.21 7.40 8.42 8.87 9.26 9.61 9.90 10.14 10.32 7 2 3

414.3 6.4 7.5 0.70 0.00 0.86 1.69 2.48 3.24 3.97 4.66 5.31 5.92 7.02 7.94 8.33 8.67 8.95 9.17 9.33 9.42 2 9 0

414.2 6.1 7.0 0.65 0.00 0.83 1.62 2.38 3.10 3.79 4.44 5.05 5.62 6.62 7.43 7.75 8.02 8.23 8.37 8.44 8.42 7 4 5

414.2 5.7 6.5 0.60 0.00 0.79 1.55 2.27 2.96 3.61 4.21 4.77 5.29 6.19 6.88 7.13 7.32 7.44 7.49 7.44 7.29 2 7 6

414.1 5.3 6.0 0.55 0.00 0.76 1.48 2.16 2.81 3.41 3.97 4.49 4.95 5.73 6.28 6.45 6.55 6.57 6.48 6.29 5.96 7 7 4

414.1 4.9 5.4 0.50 0.00 0.72 1.40 2.05 2.65 3.20 3.71 4.18 4.58 5.23 5.62 5.69 5.67 5.55 5.29 4.87 4.21 2 4 6

414.0 4.4 4.8 0.45 0.00 0.68 1.32 1.92 2.48 2.98 3.44 3.84 4.19 4.68 4.86 4.81 4.63 4.30 3.74 7 7 1

414.0 3.9 4.0 0.40 0.00 0.64 1.24 1.79 2.29 2.74 3.14 3.47 3.74 4.05 3.97 3.73 3.28 2 4 7 TOTAL HEAD OF WATER IN RESERVOIR RESERVOIR IN OF HEAD WATER TOTAL 413.9 3.3 3.1 0.35 0.00 0.60 1.15 1.65 2.09 2.48 2.81 3.06 3.24 3.31 2.81 7 3 5

413.9 2.5 0.30 0.00 0.55 1.05 1.49 1.87 2.19 2.43 2.59 2.65 2.34 2 8

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413.8 0.25 0.00 0.50 0.94 1.31 1.62 1.85 1.99 2.01 1.87 7

413.8 0.20 0.00 0.44 0.81 1.11 1.32 1.43 1.40 2

413.7 0.15 0.00 0.37 0.66 0.86 0.94 7

413.7 0.10 0.00 0.29 0.47 2

413.6 0.05 0.00 7

413.6 0.00 1

Depth of flow

(Height of open

Gate) 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90

RL of Gate Opened 413.62 413.67 413.72 413.77 413.82 413.87 413.92 413.97 414.02 414.07 414.12 414.17 414.22 414.27 414.32 414.37 414.42 414.47 414.52

Q = Cd x A x (2gh)^½ (in Cumecs), where Cd = 0.62

DISCHARGE WITH RESPECT HEAD AND SIZE OF OPENING PER VENT OF HATTIKUNI DAM ADOPTING EMPIRICAL FORMULA

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23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41

10.43 10.46 10.42 10.29 10.07 9.73 9.25 8.60 7.74 6.55

9.43 9.36 9.19 8.92 8.51 7.94 7.16 6.08

8.32 8.10 7.77 7.28 6.59 5.62

7.03 6.62 6.02 5.15

5.44 4.68

0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.50 1.55 1.60 1.65 1.70 1.75 1.80 1.82

2 414.57 414.62 414.67 414.72 414.77 414.82 414.87 414.92 414.97 415.02 415.07 415.12 415.17 415.22 415.27 415.32 415.37 415.4 415.44

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Summary of Flood Regulation Procedure The flood regulation procedure at Hattikuni Dam can be summarized in the following steps: ·  Observe the reservoir level at 1 hour intervals.  Determine the total outflow occurring at all outlets (canal & spillway)  Estimate the inflow  Determine the crest gate opening strategy Open the crest gates to the extent required to dispose off the surplus flood as per the procedure described earlier

Table 19 - Vertical lift Crest Gates – Technical Data

Sl. Feature Description No.

i. Type of gate Spillway Vertical lift Crest gate

ii. Size of Gate 7.62 m x 1.82 m

iii. No. of Gates 9 Nos. (Gate 1 to 6)

iv. Clear width of opening 7.62 m

v. Operation Arrangement Electro-mechanical (rope-drum type)

vi. Gate position Indicator Scale (painted)

vii. Crest level of spillway RL 413.61 m

viii. Sill level of Gate RL 413.61m

ix. Top of Gate RL 415.44 m

x. FRL RL 415.44 m

xi. MWL RL 415.44 m

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Photographs of Electro-Mechanical networks of gates

1. Downstream of vertical lift gates

2. Spillway gate controlling system

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3. Spillway gate controlling (rope-drum) system

4. Canal Sluice gate (manual system)

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Operating Instructions The Gates are operated by electro-mechanical system (rope-drum type). This system is capable of fully opening or fully closing the gates holding them fully opened or in any intermediate position, during either the opening or closing operation. The gate opening indicator gauge is fixed to the rope drum which gives the height of gate opening while raising or lowering the gate.

2.2.8 Historical Events (Maximum releases to date, modifications, damage reports, examinations, etc,).

Hattikuni Left Bank Canal

(HLBC)

a) Length - Km 14.00

b) Capacity – Cumecs 50.00

c) Area irrigated / contemplated - Hectares 2145.00

The details of length of canals, discharge and area contemplated for canal under Hattikuni Dam is narrated in the above table.

2.2.9 Operation General Water is being released to the irrigation canals when there is a sufficient storage in the reservoir according to the instructions and proceedings of the ICC meeting headed by the concerned district in charge minister of Karnataka Govt., Restrictions Hattikuni dam is constructed across the Hattikuni nala which is a tributary to Hattikuni stream. This project is used for only for irrigation. Mechanical Irrigation Sluice gate is operated by manually. The discharge calibration tables for discharge through canal sluice gate have been made on the basis of the formula Q= 0.62*sqrt (2gH)*A Where A = Area of sluice gate opening. G = Acceleration due to gravity. H = Height measured from water level in the reservoir to the centre of the opening.

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Table 20 - Calibration chart for discharge through canal sluice gate of Hattikuni Dam

Sluice size : 0.91 m X 1.22 m FRL : 415.44 m

Sill level of sluice : 406.29 m RL at Sluice gate fully opened : 407.51 m (1.22 m)

Sl. No. Reservoir level - m Depth – m Discharge – Cumecs

1 415.44 9.15 8.907

2 415.34 9.05 8.855

3 415.24 8.95 8.802

4 415.14 8.85 8.749

5 415.04 8.75 8.696

6 414.94 8.65 8.643

7 414.84 8.55 8.589

8 414.74 8.45 8.534

9 414.64 8.35 8.480

10 414.54 8.25 8.425

11 414.44 8.15 8.370

12 414.34 8.05 8.314

13 414.24 7.95 8.258

14 414.14 7.85 8.201

15 414.04 7.75 8.144

16 413.94 7.65 8.087

17 413.84 7.55 8.030

18 413.74 7.45 7.972

19 413.64 7.35 7.913

20 413.54 7.25 7.854

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Sl. No. Reservoir level - m Depth – m Discharge - Cumecs

22 413.34 7.05 7.735

23 413.24 6.95 7.675

24 413.14 6.85 7.614

25 413.04 6.75 7.553

26 412.94 6.65 7.491

27 412.84 6.55 7.429

28 412.74 6.45 7.366

29 412.64 6.35 7.302

30 412.54 6.25 7.239

31 412.44 6.15 7.174

32 412.34 6.05 7.109

33 412.24 5.95 7.043

34 412.14 5.85 6.977

35 412.04 5.75 6.910

36 411.94 5.65 6.843

37 411.84 5.55 6.775

38 411.74 5.45 6.706

39 411.64 5.35 6.636

40 411.54 5.25 6.566

41 411.44 5.15 6.494

42 411.34 5.05 6.423

43 411.24 4.95 6.350

44 411.14 4.85 6.276

45 411.04 4.75 6.202

46 410.94 4.65 6.126

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O&M Manual for Hattikuni Dam January-2020 47 410.84 4.55 6.050

Sl. No. Reservoir level - m Depth – m Discharge - Cumecs

48 410.74 4.45 5.973

49 410.64 4.35 5.895

50 410.54 4.25 5.815

51 410.44 4.15 5.735

52 410.34 4.05 5.653

53 410.24 3.95 5.570

54 410.14 3.85 5.486

55 410.04 3.75 5.401

56 409.94 3.65 5.314

57 409.84 3.55 5.226

58 409.74 3.45 5.137

59 409.64 3.35 5.045

60 409.54 3.25 4.952

61 409.44 3.15 4.858

62 409.34 3.05 4.761

63 409.24 2.95 4.663

64 409.14 2.85 4.562

65 409.04 2.75 4.459

66 408.94 2.65 4.353

67 408.84 2.55 4.245

68 408.74 2.45 4.135

69 408.64 2.35 4.021

70 408.54 2.25 3.903

71 408.44 2.15 3.782

72 408.34 2.05 3.658

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O&M Manual for Hattikuni Dam January-2020 73 408.24 1.95 3.528

Sl. No. Reservoir level - m Depth – m Discharge - Cumecs

74 408.14 1.85 3.394

75 408.04 1.75 3.254

76 407.94 1.65 3.108

77 407.84 1.55 2.955

78 407.74 1.45 2.794

79 407.64 1.35 2.622

80 407.54 1.25 2.438

81 407.44 1.15 2.240

82 407.34 1.05 2.022

83 407.24 0.95 1.777

84 407.14 0.85 1.493

85 407.04 0.75 1.140

86 406.94 0.65 0.610

87 406.84 0.55

88 406.74 0.45

89 406.64 0.35

90 406.54 0.25

91 406.44 0.15

92 406.34 0.05

93 406.29

2.3 Access roads Description: (Type of road, length, bridges, maintaining agency, etc.) Type of road: Asphalt road. Length: 1.05 km Bridges: Nil

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O&M Manual for Hattikuni Dam January-2020 Maintaining agency: Maintaining departmentally Condition: General: Road is in good condition Deficiencies and problems: Nil

2.4 Record Keeping Operating a dam includes keeping accurate records of items pertaining to project operation. These include but not limited to the following:  Reservoir Levels – On daily basis during monsoon and non-monson.  Release through sluice on daily basis for irrigation.  Outflows through spillway during monsoon.  Records of drawdown with reservoir levels, quantity of water released.  Other Procedures – Maintain a complete record of all operating procedures for gates and sluice.

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CHAPTER 3. PROJECT INSPECTIONS

3.1 Introduction The current practice of Inspection at Hattikuni dam envisages the Subdivision Officers to car- ryout pre-monsoon and post-monsoon inspections. The checklist proforma included in this chapter is currently in use at Hattikuni dam. However an overview of the various types of inspections to be carried out at Hattikuni dam is given below. Note that for uploading Inspection Data into DHARMA, the Inspection Instructions & Forms given in the aforementioned Guideline for Safety Inspection of Dams must be used. An effective inspection program is essential to identify problems and to keep Hattikuni Dam in a good and healthy condition this Chapter provides guidance on carrying out other inspections.

3.2 Types of Inspections Four different types of dam safety inspections are being carried out at Hattikuni Dam. These include, but not limited, to the following:  Comprehensive evaluation inspections  Scheduled inspections (Pre & Post monsoon inspections & other scheduled inspections)  Special (unscheduled) inspections  Informal inspections  The frequency of each type of inspection depends on the condition of the dam and State DSO regulations, etc. Typical inspection elements and the detail of the safety inspections are provided below. More detailed descriptions are given in the ‘Guideline for Safety Inspection of Dams’ (CWC 2018). A checklist has been modified from the guideline to fit Hattikuni dam requirements. This comphrehensive checklist allows for recording the status of each item being inspected and the overall condition of the equipment along with any consequential risks the condition may have on the health of the dam.

3.2.1 Comprehensive Evaluation Inspections For comprehensive dam safety evaluation for an independent panel of experts known as Dam Safety Review Panel (DSRP) needs to be constituted for determining the condition of the dam and appurtenant works. The panel will undertake evaluation of the dam once in 10 years or on occurrence of any extreme hydrological or seismic event or any unusual condition of the dam or in the reservoir rim. The terms of reference of the comprehensive dam safety evaluation shall include but not be limited to; General assessment of hydrologic and hydraulic conditions, review of design flood, flood routing for revised design flood and mitigation measures. Review and analysis of available data of dam design including seismic safety, construction, operation maintenance and performance of dam structure and appurtenant works.

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Evaluation of procedures for operation, maintenance and inspection of dam and to suggest improvements / modifications. Evaluation of any possible hazardous threat to the dam structure such as dam abutment slope stability failure or slope failures along the reservoir periphery. A comprehensive evaluation inspection of Hattikuni consists of five major parts:  Review of project records (i.e. study of all design / construction records/drawings, history of the dam’s performance, past inspection notes/reports, notes on distress observed/ any rehabilitation measures undertaken earlier, instrumentation data and its interpretation including .  Inspection of the dam and its appurtenant works.  To review the results and reports of additional field investigations & laboratory testing as required.  Review of design studies e.g. review of design flood, checking of the adequacy of spillway capacity, freeboard requirements, dam stability , any special study as required.  Preparation of a detailed report of the inspection.

3.2.2 Scheduled Inspections Scheduled inspections shall consist of Pre-monsoon & Post-monsoon inspection and any other inspections carried out by the State Dam Safety Organisation / any Expert panels constituted by the dam owner. These inspections are performed to gather information on the current condition of the dam and its appurtenant works. This information is then used to establish needed repairs and repair schedules, and to assess the safety and operational adequacy of the dam. Scheduled inspections are also performed to evaluate previous repairs. The purpose of scheduled inspections is to keep the dam and its appurtenant structures in good operating condition and to maintain a safe structure. As such, these inspections and timely maintenance will minimize long-term costs and will extend the life of the dam. Scheduled inspections are performed more frequently than comprehensive evaluation inspections to detect at an early stage any developments that may be detrimental to the dam. These inspections involve assessing operational capability as well as structural stability and detection of any problems and to correct them before the conditions worsen. The field examinations should be made by the personnel assigned responsibility for monitoring the safety of the dam. If the dam or appurtenant works have instrumentation, the individual responsible for monitoring should analyze measurements as they are received and include an evaluation of that data. Dam Inspection Report or an inspection brief should be prepared following the field visit (Dam Inspection Report is recommended).

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Scheduled inspections include the following four components as a minimum: File review of past inspection reports, monitoring data, photographs, maintenance records, or other pertinent data as may be required; Visual inspection of the dam and its appurtenant works; Preparation of a report or inspection brief, with relevant documentation and photographs. The report should be filed in the dam owner’s project files.

3.2.3 Special (Unscheduled) Inspections Special inspections may need to be performed to resolve specific concerns or conditions at the site on an unscheduled basis. Special inspections are not regularly scheduled activities, but are usually made before or immediately after the dam or appurtenant works have been subjected to unusual events or conditions, such as an unusually high flood or a significant earthquake. These inspections are to be carried out after an initial assessment based on informal inspection carried out by project personnel reveal dam safety related concerns like cracking in the dam, damages, erosion/ scour, undermining/ piping/ sink holes/ liquefaction or any such undesirable feature. A special inspection may also be performed during an emergency, such as an impending dam breach, to evaluate specific areas or concerns. They are also made when the ongoing surveillance program identifies a condition or a trend that appears to warrant a special evaluation. Special inspections should focus on those dam components that are affected by the unusual event and should include at least three elements: 1) review of relevant files or data, 2) visual inspection, and 3) report preparation. More detailed site investigations / studies may be required (such as drilling, surveys, or seepage flow estimates) if the special inspection reveals the need for the same. Photographic documentation is to be included as part of the inspection.

3.2.4 Informal Inspections The last type of inspection, an informal inspection, is a continuing effort by on-site personnel (dam owners/operators and maintenance personnel) performed during their routine duties. Informal inspections are critical to the proper operation and maintenance of the dam. They consist of frequent observations of the general appearance and functioning of the dam and appurtenant structures. Operators, maintenance crews, or other staff who are posted at Hattikunidam site conduct informal inspections. These people are the “first-line of defense” in assuring safe dam conditions, and it is their responsibility to be familiar with all aspects of the dam. Their vigilance in walking the dam, checking the operating equipment, and noting changes in conditions may prevent serious mishaps or even dam failures. Informal inspections are important and are performed at every available opportunity. These inspections may only cover one or two dam components as the occasion presents itself, or they may cover the entire dam and its appurtenant structures. The informal inspections are not as detailed as comprehensive evaluation, scheduled, and

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O&M Manual for Hattikuni Dam January-2020 special inspections and will only require that a formal report is submitted to the dam owner’s project files if a condition is detected that might endanger the dam. Report is to be submitted detailing the condition discovered along with photographs, time, reservoir water level (RWL), etc.

3.3 Pre- and Post-Monsoon Check list and Example of Report Proforma Detailed check lists are required to ensure the health of the dam continues to operates in satisfactory and safe condition.

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PRO-FORMA FOR PERIODICAL INSPECTION OF LARGE DAMS

Table 21 - Pro-forma for periodical inspection of large dams GENERAL Date of Inspection: ______

Sl. Item of Inspection Remarks No.

1 1a 1b 2 3

1 Name of project Hattikuni Project

2 Purpose of Project Irrigation-Purpose

3 Name of Dam HATTIKUNI DAM

4 Year of Completion 1975

5 First filling (years / levels) 1975

6 Benefits accrued:

a) Irrigation Irrigation

b) Water Supply Nil

c) Power Nil

d) Other benefits Nil

7 Important Controlling Levels ( in meters)

a) Top of dam 417.88 m (1371 ft)

b) Maximum Water Level 415.44 m (1363 ft)

c) Full Reservoir Level 415.44 m (1363 ft)

d) Sill level of Irrigation sluices 406.29 m (1333 ft)

e) Sill level of scouring sluices 406.29 m (1333 ft)

f) Spillway crest level 413.61 m (1357 ft)

g) Minimum draw down level 406.29 m (1333 ft)

h) Lowest river bed level 394.10 m (1293 ft)

i) Deepest foundation level --

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8 Important Salient Features

a) Dead Storage Capacity 71.940 Mcft

b) Area of foreshore at F.R.L 12.818 Msft.

Design flood adopted c) (PMF / SPF / Any other) PMF – 920 Cumecs. Give relevant magnitude

Design spillway discharge capacity d) Ogee type Spill Way and type of spillway

8. 8a. 8b. 2 3

Type, number and size of spillway Vertical type, 9 nos. of 25 ft x 6.0 e) gates. ft size.

Location, sill level and capacity of low f) level outlets and scouring sluices.

g) Height of the dam in meters.

i) above deepest foundation 22.10 m

ii) Above lowest river bed 21.33 m

h) Gross storages capacity in million cubic meters

i) At F.R.L. 9.970 Mcum (352.307 Mcft))

ii) At M.W.L 9.970 Mcum (352.307 Mcft)

i) Length of the dam (at crest) in meters. 938 m

1)Chief Engineer, KNNL, I. P. Zone, Kalaburagi Name and designation of the inspecting 2)Superintending Engineer, 9 Officer KNNL, I.P.C. Circle, Kalaburagi 3)Executive Engineer, KNNL, BNT Division, Hebbal

Date of inspection and the corresponding 10 reservoir water level.

Date of Inspection : 1) Chief Engineer, KNNL, I.P.Z., Kalaburagi Reservoir Level: M

2) Superintending Engineer, KNNL, I.P.C. Date of Inspection :

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Circle, Kalaburagi Reservoir Level: M

3) Executive Engineer, KNNL, BNT Project, Date of Inspection :

Div.-4, KalaburagiS Reservoir Level: M

Maximum: M ______Maximum and minimum water levels Dt: ______11 reached during the last season with dates Minimum: M______Dt: ______

Max. outflow : cusecs Maximum overflow during preceding mon- 12 ______soon with dates. Dt: ______: .

History of past distress, if any, and brief de- 13 No such events observed. tails of remedial measures carried out.

Does the officer-in-charge of the operation 14 and maintenance of dam possess all the rec- Yes ords as given in the Annexure-I.

When and by whom the dam was inspected 15 -- immediately preceding this inspection?

Are the items pointed out during the last in- 16 spection properly attended to? -- (If not state deficiencies yet to be corrected).

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REVISED PRO-FORMAT FOR HEALTH STATUS REPORT OF LARGE DAMS (Keeping in view CWC letter No. 627-56 dt. 28-08-2002) Table 22 - Revised Pro-format for Health status report of large dams

Sl. Items of the Reply No. “Health Status Report”

1 Name of Dam Hattikuni Dam

Sl. No. in the National Register of Project Identification Code PIC 2 Large Dam KA06MH0093

3 Dam features

a) Date of Completion 1975

b) Location

i) Longitude 77° 10' 00˝ E

ii) Latitude 16° 53' N

22.10 m (above the lowest founda- c) Height of Dam tion)

Gross Capacity 0.352 TMC d) (Gated/Un gated) Gated

Whether the Dam is provided e) Not provided with Drainage Gallery or not.

Type of Dam: Earthen Dam: Spillway: Gated spillway with 9 4 Main Component of Dam Nos. of vertical lift Crest gates of size 7.62 m X 1.82 m Length of earthen Dam: 938 m

5 Date of Inspection

Chief Engineer, KNNL, I.P.Z., 6 Inspecting Officer Kalaburagi

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7 Observations/Significant Deficiencies Noticed

I Inadequate Spillway

II Inadequate free-board

III Cracks in Masonry / Concrete /

Earth Dam

Masonry/concrete dams a) and

Structural cracking in b) earth dams

IV Inadequate

a) Flood forecasting system

b) Flood warning system

c) Communication

V Excessive seepage through,

a) Drainage holes NIL b) Porous pipes

c) Downstream face of dam NIL

d) Downstream area etc. NIL

Development of high up- e) NIL lift pressure

VI Excessive leaching NIL VII Choking of porous drains.

VIII Choking of drainage holes

IX Mal-operation of gates

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X Non-availability of standby/ al-

ternative source of power

XI Structural Review indicating tension on the upstream face of dam

XII Non-availability of Emergency

Action Plan.

8 Performance of Dam

Based on Instruments installed in the dam (Water Level Recorder, V-notch, etc.,)

Of Meteorological Instruments installed

in the catchment area and reservoirs of Dams.

Is the hydraulic performance in agree-

ment with the results of model studies?

Any other issue / issues pertaining to performance of dam which the Engi-

neer-in-Chief / Chief Engineer in- charge of dam desires to include.

9 Remedial Measures Suggested.

10 Remarks

11 Action Taken Report.

Assistant Executive Engineer Executive Engineer Superintending Engineer Sub-Division in-charge of dam in-charge of dam

Certified that the Health Status Report of HATTIKUNI DAM is furnished after a thorough review of the same by the technical wing of the zone (this has reference to para 18.3.5 of the Proceedings of 18th meeting of SLDSC).

Engineer-in-Chief / Chief Engineer in-charge of dam.

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APPENDIX-1 Performance of Dam Instruments

Name of Name of In- No. of Perfor- Status of data Remarks Sl. Dam with strument Instru- mance Analysis No location ments .

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Separate Sheets Enclosed. (Vide Annexure-1 )

Assistant Executive Engineer Executive Engineer Superintending Engineer Sub-Division in-charge of dam in-charge of dam

Engineer-in-Chief / Chief Engineer in-charge of dam.

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APPENDIX-2 Performance of Meteorological Instruments pertaining to Large Dams in Karnataka

No. of Status of Name of Dam Name of Instru- In- Sl. Performance data Remarks with location ment stru- Analysis No. ments

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Details to be furnished by WRDO Bangalore.

Engineer-in-Chief, Water Resources Development Organization, Bangalore

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APPENDIX-3 Categorization of Deficiencies (Keeping in view CWC letter No. 627-56 dt. 28-08-2002)

Category No.* Criteria for categorization

Category No. (1) Dams with major deficiency which may lead to dam failure

Category No. (2) Dams with rectifiable deficiency which needs immediate attention.

Dams with minor / no deficiencies has been noticed. Category No. (3)

* Category Number is to be furnished in the ‘remarks’ column of the Health Status Report.

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CHAPTER 4. PROJECT MAINTENANCE

4.1 Introduction A good maintenance program protects Hattikuni Dam against accelerating deterioration, prolongs its life, and greatly reduce the chance of failure. Nearly all the components of Hattikuni Dam and its materials are susceptible to damage and deterioration if not well maintained. Moreover, the cost of a proper maintenance program is small compared to the costs of major repairs, loss of life and property and litigation. Preventative maintenance not only protects the dam and its owner but the public as well. If maintenance of a dam is neglected the consequences and costs will multiply. Preventive maintenance assures that a dam and reservoir are in good working condition and prevents more harmful conditions from developing. Individual maintenance tasks are noted, with a description of the area where the maintenance is to be performed, the schedule for performing the tasks, and reporting procedures. Typical routine maintenance tasks performed includes mowing grass, removing vegetation, bushes and trees, removing litter and other debris, re-grading the crest and/or access roads, repairing fencing to keep livestock off the dam, etc. Other maintenance works that need to be performed on the embankment includes restoration of embankment to its design section, seepage problems, erosion, displaced riprap, cracking in embankment etc. In concrete / masonry dams there may be issues like cracking and disintegration in concrete, choking of drainage holes in dam body/ foundation, damages to spillway glacis/piers/energy dissipaters due to abrasion/ cavitation/unsymmetrical flows, damages to pointing on upstream & downstream faces of masonry dams, heavy seepages through some drains in foundation/inspection galleries etc. A basic maintenance program has been developed primarily based on systematic and frequent inspections.

4.2 Maintenance Priorities For Hattikuni Dam, maintenance activities require to be prioriitized as immediate maintenance or preventative maintenance.

4.2.1 Immediate Maintenance The following conditions are critical and call for immediate attention & reservoir lowering, if warranted. These conditions may include, but are not limited to:  The dam is about to be overtopped or being overtopped during high flood.  The dam is about to be breached by erosion, slope failure etc.  The dam showing signs of piping or internal erosion indicated by increasingly cloudy seepage or other symptoms.  The spillway being blocked or with some inoperable gates.

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 Evidence of excessive seepage appearing anywhere on the dam site,e.g.,the Embankment becomes saturated, defective water stops, etc., and seepage exiting on the downstream face is increasing in volume.  Although the remedy for some critical problems may be obvious (such as clearing a blocked spillway or repairing the spillway gates so that they are in working condition), the problems listed above generally demand the services of experienced engineers/expert panels familiar with the design, construction and maintenance of dams. The emergency action plan (EAP) should be activated when any of the above conditions are noted.

4.2.2 Preventive Maintenance This can be further classified as Condition based Maintenance and Routine Maintenance. Condition Based Maintenance The following maintenance should be completed as soon as possible after the defective condition is noted. These includes but are not limited to:  Remove all vegetation and bushes from the dam and restoring any eroded areas and to establish a good grass cover.  Fill animal burrows.  Restore and reseed eroded areas and gullies on embankment.  Repair of defective gates, valves, and other hydro-mechanical equipment.  Repair any concrete or metal components that have deteriorated.  Cleaning of the choked drainage holes in the dam body/ foundations in concrete / masonry dams.  Repair any damages on spillway glacis, piers, energy dissipaters, training/divide walls, downstream areas etc.  Repairs on the upstream face of masonry dams, in case the pointing is damaged, due to which there is increased seepage.  Controlling any heavy seepage in the foundation/ inspection galleries in Con- crete/Masonry dams from drainage holes.  Repairs of any cracks/cavities/joints in concrete/masonry dams/structures. However many of these works will require the services of experienced engineers/expert panels. Routine Maintenance Several tasks should be performed on a continuous basis. These include but are not limited to the following:  Routine mowing, restore and reseed eroded areas and gullies on downstream face of the left flank embankment and general maintenance including repairs/cleaning of surface drains on downstream face and in the downstream area.  Maintenance and treatment of any cracks/joints/ cavities in Concrete/Masonry dams and spillways based on the recommendations of experienced engineers / expert panels.  Observation of any springs or seepage areas, comparing quantity and quality (clarity) with prior observations in the embankment. Doc. No. CDSO_O&M_KA06MH0093_Hattikuni Dam_v2.0 Page 66

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 Monitoring of downstream development which could have an impact on the dam and its hazard category.  Maintenance of Electrical & Hydro-Mechanical equipment and systems e. g. Servicing of spillway gates & stop logs, hoisting arrangements, gantry crane, gates/hoist of outlet works/sluices & stand by generator.  Maintaining proper lighting at dam top, galleries, etc.  Monitoring of seepage in galleries.  Monitoring/ cleaning & removal of leached deposits in porous concrete / formed drains in dam body and foundation drainage holes.  Maintenance of all dam roads & access roads.  Operation of electrical and mechanical equipment and systems including exercising gates & valves.  To keep the gate slots clear of silt/debris.  Maintenance/testing of monitoring equipment (instruments) and safety alarms.  Testing of security equipment.  Testing of communication equipment.  Any other maintenance considered necessary.

4.3 Procedures for Routine Maintenance The O&M Manual includes detailed instructions and schedules for performing periodic maintenance works at the site. This include maintenance of the dam, the appurtenant works, and the reservoir areas. Methodology / Specifications for carrying out maintenance works of general & recurring nature should be included in the Manual. Dam repairs are scheduled based on severity of the problem, available resources, and weather conditions. For example, if a severe settlement problem (more than envisaged in designs) or cracking is detected on the crest of the dam, it should have a high priority since further degradation could lead to dam breaching. The causes of all major issues / problems should be identified and evaluated by experienced engineers/ Expert Panels so that appropriate remedial measures can be finalized. Correcting minor rill erosion on the downstream slope could be assigned a low priority since it is not a dam safety concern. This type of repair will also be weather dependent, since grass can only be planted during specific times of the year, and the embankment should be dry so that more damage is not inflicted to the embankment slopes.

4.3.1 Earthwork The surfaces of an earthen dam may deteriorate due to several reasons. For example, wave action may cut into the upstream slope, vehicles may cause ruts in the crest or slopes, trails left by livestock can result in erosion, or runoff waters may leave erosion gullies on the downstream slope. Other special problems, such as shrinkage cracks or rodent damage, may also occur. Damage of this nature must be repaired constantly. The maintenance procedures described here are effective in repairing minor earthwork problems. However, this section is not intended to be a technical guide, and the methods discussed should

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O&M Manual for Hattikuni Dam January-2020 not be used to solve serious problems. Conditions such as embankment slides, structural cracking, and sinkholes threaten the immediate safety of a dam and require immediate repair under the directions of experienced engineers/Expert panels. The material selected for repairing embankments should be free from vegetation, organic materials, trash, and large rocks. If flow-resistant portions such as the core of an embankment dam are being repaired, materials that are high in clay or silt content should be used. If the area is to be free draining or highly permeable (such as pervious shell of an embankment dam) the material should have a higher percentage of sand and gravel. It is usually satisfactory to replace or repair damaged areas with soils like those originally in place. An important soil property affecting compaction is moisture content. Soils that are too dry or too wet do not compact well. One may test repair material by squeezing it into a tight ball. If the sample keeps its shape without cracking and falling apart (which means it is too dry), and without depositing excess water onto the hand (which means it is too wet), the moisture content is near the proper level. Before placement of earth, the repair area needs to be prepared by removing all inappropriate material. All vegetation, such as bushes, roots, and tree stumps, along with any large rocks or trash need to be removed. Also, unsuitable earth, such as organic or loose soils, should be removed, so that the work surface consists of exposed, firm, clean embankment material. Following cleanup, shape and dress the affected area so that the new fill can be placed and compacted in horizontal lifts to the level specified in the technical specifications. Also it must be properly keyed (benched) with the existing material for which proper construction practices ae carried out to “knit” the new fill in to the existing soils to ensure proper bonding. This can be accomplished by using the following simple procedures  Scarify the existing soil layer  Place new moisturized soils in loose layers up to 20 centimeters thick  Compact to required density at optimum moisture content (OMC)  Scarify compacted layer 10 centimeters  Moisturize the layer before placement of soils  Compact  Continue process until lines and grades are accomplished. Overbuild can be trimmed back to design lines and grades  Seed of turf the fill to minimize erosion processes  Water routinely to ensure turf root system is fully developed. Erosion is one of the most common maintenance problems at embankment structures. Erosion is a natural process and its continuous forces will eventually wear down almost any surface or structure. Periodic and prompt maintenance is essential to prevent continuous deterioration and possible failure. Turfing, free from weeds and deleterious materials, is an effective means of preventing erosion. Rills and gullies should be filled with suitable soil, compacted, and then

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O&M Manual for Hattikuni Dam January-2020 seeded or turfed as necessary. Large eroded gullies can be slowed by stacking bales of hay or straw across the gully until permanent repairs can be made. Erosion is also common at the point where an embankment and the concrete walls of a spillway or other structure meet. Poor compaction adjacent to such walls during construction and later settlement can result in an area along the wall that is lower than the grade of the embankment. People often walk along these walls, wearing down the vegetative cover. Workable solutions include re-grading the area so that it slopes away from the wall, adding more resistant surface protection, or constructing steps. Steps can be provided / constructed at regular intervals along the length of the dam for going from downstream toe to the dam top. All vehicular traffic, except for maintenance, should be restricted from the dam. Paths due to pedestrian, livestock, or vehicular traffic (two and four-wheeled) are a problem on many embankments. If a path has become established, vegetation will not provide adequate protection and more durable cover will be required unless traffic is eliminated. Stones may be used effectively to cover such footpaths. Runoff often concentrates along embankment slopes where the hinge point on the crest is lower than the surrounding crest and runoff ponds in these low areas. The concentrated runoff flows downs the slope cutting the soils and forming rills and gullies resulting in loss of design lines and grades and affecting stability of the structure. Upstream Riprap The upstream face is protected against wave erosion. Rip-rap is provided for the purpose with filter layers below. Nonetheless, erosion can still occur in existing riprap. Water running down the slope under the riprap can erode the finer filter materials under the riprap and soils leaving voids and loss of grade. Wave run up will also undermine the filter layer especially along the full reservoir level and over time wash out finer material. This can be checked through observance of linear embankment settlement. Sections of riprap that have slumped downward are often signs of this kind of erosion. When erosion occurs on the upstream slope of a dam, repairs should be made as soon as possible. Repairs can be made following the same design details as provided in the embankment section. proper preparation of the surfaces of the existing embankment as described in the earlier paragraph for placement and compaction of embankment. Please refer to IS 8237- Code of practice for protection of Slopes for Reservoir Embankments is recommended to be reviewed and followed for carrying out this repair work. Controlling Vegetation Keep the entire dam clear of unwanted vegetation such as bushes or trees. Excessive growth may cause several problems:  It can obscure the surface of an embankment and not allow proper inspection of the dam.  Large trees can be uprooted by high wind or erosion and leave large voids that can lead to breaching of the dam.

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 Some root systems can decay and rot, creating passageways for water, leading to piping erosion.  Growing root systems can lift concrete slabs or structures.  Rodent habitats can develop undetected.  All bushes/trees should be as far as possible removed by root to prevent regrowth. The resulting voids must be backfilled with suitable, well-compacted soils. It is recommended to remove the plants/vegetation at their early stage to prevent or minimize their growing into big trees/bushes, etc. In cases where trees and bushes cannot be removed, the root systems should be treated with environmentally-friendly herbicides (properly selected and applied) to retard further growth. Concerned Government Agencies must be consulted for selection of appropriate herbicides & their use for control of vegetation on dam structures or any water bodies. Controlling Animal Damage Livestock are not allowed to graze on the embankment section of the dam. When soil is wet, livestock can damage vegetation and disrupt the uniformity of the surface. Moreover, livestock tend to walk in established paths and thus can promote erosion. The burrows and tunnels of burrowing animals (beaver, muskrat, groundhogs and others) weaken earthen embankments and serve as pathways for seepage from the reservoir. Large burrows found on the embankment should be filled by mud packing. This method involves placing vent pipe in a vertical position over the entrance of the den. Making sure that the pipe connection to the den does not leak, the mud-pack mixture is poured into the pipe until the burrow and pipe are filled with the soil-water mixture. The pipe is removed and more dry earth is tamped into the entrance. As per some US publications, the mud pack is generally made by adding water to 90% earth & 10% cement mixture until a slurry or thin cement consistency is attained. For bigger holes, bentonite coated stones can also be used. All entrances should be plugged with well-compacted earth andgrassy vegetation re-established. Dens should be eliminated without delay. Different repair measures will be necessary if a dam has been damaged by extensive small or large rodent tunneling activity. The area around the entrance can be excavated and then backfilled with impervious material. This will plug the passage entrance to prevent water entry and saturation of the embankment. Controlling Ants and Termites (White Ants) Ants and termites have become one of the most serious pests for Embankment dams. They both need water to survive and have been found on most of the embankment dams in India. These insects can create problems in the dam itself and with any of its electrical components. In some habitats, ants and termites can move as much or more soil as earthworms, thereby re- ducing soil compaction. Nest galleries can penetrate in a V-shaped pattern below the nest, pene- trating as much as more than one meter deep in the soil. These galleries can create pathways for surface water to penetrate in the dam, resulting in internal erosion and collapse of the surface. Ants and termites left undisturbed can build mounds that can become quite large. These can create problems for mowing. However, frequent mowing can induce the colonies to migrate to neighboring, undisturbed areas.

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There are many options for managing ants and termites. Use only pesticides labeled as suitable for the location you want to treat. Make every effort to avoid contaminating water with pesticides and ensure. Controlling Damage from Vehicular Traffic As mentioned earlier, vehicles driving across an embankment dam can create ruts in the crest if it is not surfaced with roadway material and sometimes even when sealed with flexible pavement, especially when the embankment is saturated and overweight trucks use the road. The ruts can then collect water and cause saturation and softening of the dam. Other ruts may be formed by tractors or other off-road vehicles such as motorbikes are allowed to drive up and down the embankment face; these can direct runoff resulting in severe erosion. Vehicles, except for maintenance, are restricted on the dam top and kept out by fences or barricades. Any ruts should be repaired as soon as possible.

4.3.2 Masonry / Concrete Dams & Spillways Various issues/problems that may require maintenance/repairs on the Hattikuni Con- crete/Masonry Dam and Spillway include but not limited to: Damages on spillway glacis, spillway piers, training/divide walls, energy dissipaters, downstream areas (probable causes are cavitation, abrasion, un-symmetrical flows, unfavorable down-stream conditions) Vegetation growth in unattended areas such as spillway, spillway channel, etc. Seepage in the galleries and on the downstream face of the dam. Cleaning and removal of leached deposits from choked porous and foundation drains. Repair to upstream face of masonry dams in case the pointing is damaged, leading to increased seepage. Ensuring safe access to and within the gallery, lighting is also required as well as all outside areas during the even- ing hours. Ensuring the dam is behaving as designed based on instrumentation programs. Periodic maintenance should be performed of all concrete surfaces which are approachable to repair deteriorated areas.

4.3.3 Gates & Hoisting Equipment The safe and satisfactory operation of Hattikuni Dam depends on proper operation of its Gates &Hoisting Equipment. Maintaining spillway gates in working condition is critical for dam safety and is to be assigned the highest priority. If routine inspection of the Hydro-Mechanical Equipment shows the need for maintenance, the work should be completed as soon as possible. The simplest procedure to ensure smooth opera-

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O&M Manual for Hattikuni Dam January-2020 tion of gates is to operate them through their full range at least once, and preferably twice annu- ally (before monsoon & after monsoon keeping a gap of at least six months). Because operating gates under full reservoir pressure can result in large discharges, exercising of gates should preferably be carried out during dry conditions or lean times of the year using the stop-logs/ emergency gates. The aspects to be inspected and maintained periodically for ensuring proper operation of these gates are as under: i) The gate slot and bottom platform/sill beam should be cleaned periodically. Scales formed over the embedded parts should be removed. Second-stage concrete should be checked for any development of cracks / leakages and repairs should be attended to immediately. ii) The gate leaf should be thoroughly cleaned and repainted as and when necessary according to the procedure or guidelines- indicated in IS: 14177 or as per the recommendations of the paint manufacturer. All drain holes provided in the gate assembly should be cleaned. iii) Rubber seals should be smoothed, if required, for proper alignment. All nuts and bolts fixing the seal to the gate should be tightened uniformly to required torques. Seals, if found damaged or found leaking excessively should be adjusted, repaired or replaced as considered necessary. iv) The wheel shall be rotated to check their free movement. Gate roller bearings and guide roller bushes should be properly lubricated. Whenever necessary these should be opened for rec- tifications of defects, cleaning and lubrication and should thereafter be refitted. These may be replaced if repairs are not possible. v) Hoisting connection of the gate leaf should be lubricated where necessary and defects if any should be rectified. vi) All nuts, bolts, check nuts and cotter pins of the lifting devices should be checked periodically. vii) All components should be greased and lubricated. Recommended and approved oils and grease only should be used. viii) Roller assembly should be adjusted by the eccentricity arrangement to ensure all rollers rest uniformly on the track plates particularly in the closed position of the gate. ix) Where filling valves are provided as part of the gate structure, all the nuts, bolts, check nuts etc. should be tightened. x) All welds shall be checked for cracks/ damages. Any weld that might have become defective should be chipped out and redone following the relevant codal provisions. Damaged nuts, bolts, rivets, screws etc. should be replaced without delay. xi) The filling-in valves allow passage of water when it is lifted by lifting beam & crane due to creation of space between stem seat and exit passage liner. The springs and associated components should be checked periodically for damages and replaced if necessary. xii) The guide-assemblies, wheel-assemblies and sealing-assemblies shall be cleared off grit, sand or any other foreign material. xiii) The wheel pin shall be coated with corrosion resistant compound.

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O&M Manual for Hattikuni Dam January-2020 xiv) All nuts and bolts shall be tightened. The aspects to be inspected and maintained periodically for ensuring proper operation of these gates are as under : a) Rubber Seals: i) Seals shall be inspected for leakages. Locations of excessive leakages shall be recorded for taking remedial measures. Weeping or slight flow in localized area will not require immediate remedial measures. However, measures like tightening of bolts are carried out. Further adjustment is carried out during annual maintenance. ii) If leakage is excessive & immediate repair is considered necessary, the stop log gates shall be dropped and seals repaired or replaced. b) Embedded Parts: i) All the sill beams and wall plates shall be inspected for crack, pitting etc. and defects shall be rectified. ii) The guide roller pins shall be lubricated. c) General Maintenance: i) Defective welding should be chipped out and it should be re-welded duly following the relevant codal provision (IS: 10096, Part-3). ii) Damaged nuts, bolts, rivets, screws etc. should be replaced. iii) Any pitting should be filled up by welding and finished by grinding if necessary. iv) The gate leaf, exposed embedded metal parts, hoists and hoist supporting structure etc., should be thoroughly cleaned and repainted when required keeping in view the original painting system adopted and as per the guidelines contained in IS: 14177. v) The seals of the gate should be checked for wear and tear and deterioration. These should be adjusted/replaced as and when necessary. vi) The wall plates, sill beams shall be checked and repaired if necessary. vii) Wire ropes should be properly lubricated. viii) Oil level in the worm reduction unit should be maintained by suitable replenishment. Oil seals should also be replaced if required. Lubrication of other parts of hoists such as chains, position indicators and limit switches should also be done. ix) The stroke of the brake should be reset to compensate for lining wear. Worn out brake lin- ings should be replaced in time. x) Flexible couplings should be adjusted if required. xi) Repairs and replacements of all electrical relays and controls should be attended to. xii) Maintenance of alternative sources of Power such as Diesel Generating sets and alternative drives wherever provided should be carried out.

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O&M Manual for Hattikuni Dam January-2020 xiii) The list of essential spare parts to be kept available should be reviewed and updated periodically. The condition of spares should be checked periodically and protective coating given for use.

4.3.4 Electrically operated fixed hoists General Instructions a) Operation of fixed hoist without lifting the gate is not possible and need not therefore be attempted. It will be possible to operate the unit and observe operation of load carrying hoist component when gate is being lifted or lowered. b) Never open any bolt or nut on motor, gear boxes, rope drums and other load carrying hoist components when the gate is in raised position. The gate should be fully closed or rested on the gate latches before carrying out any work on hoist components including motor brake and other electrical equipment. c) The aspects to be inspected and maintained periodically for ensuring proper operation of Rope drum hoists are as under; i. Entrance to all hoist platforms shall be kept locked. All keys shall remain with the shift su- pervisor. ii. A cursory daily inspection shall be made of hoist and gate to ensure that there is no unusual happening. iii. Clean all hoisting equipment and hoist platform. iv. Check oil level in gearboxes and replenish as and when required with oil of proper grade. v. Apply grease of suitable grade by grease gun. vi. Lubricate all bearings, bushings, pins, linkages etc. vii. Check all the fuses on the power lines. viii. All bolts and nuts on gear boxes, hoist drum and shaft couplings should be checked for tightness. ix. Check the supply voltage. x. Drain sample gear oil from each of the gear boxes. If excessive foreign particles or sludge is found, the gear box shall be drained, flushed and filled with new oil. xi. All the geared couplings shall be greased. xiii. Raise and lower the gate by hoist motor and check for smooth, and trouble free operation of gate without excessive vibration. xiv. Observe current drawn by motor at the time of lifting and check if it is more than normal. If so, stop the hoist and investigate the cause and rectify. xv. Check the condition of painting of various components and remove rust wherever noticed and repaint the portion after proper cleaning as per painting schedule.

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O&M Manual for Hattikuni Dam January-2020 xvi. All trash, sediments and any other foreign material shall be cleared off the lifting rope and lifting attachment. xvii. All ropes shall be checked for wear and tear and if broken wires are noticed, the rope shall be replaced. xviii. All the wire ropes shall be checked and all visible oxidation shall be removed. xix. All wire ropes shall be greased with cardium compound. xx. Check the overload relays for proper functioning. xxi. Check all the nuts, bolts, rivets, welds and structural components for hoisting platform and its supporting structure for wear, tear and damage. All damages shall be rectified. All bolts shall be tightened. The portion with damaged painting shall be touched up. xxii. Check the pulleys, sheaves and turn-buckles. xxiii. Raise and lower the gate for its full lift several time (at least three to four) and observe the following: Check the limit switches and adjust for design limits. The effectiveness and slip of the breaks shall be checked by stopping the gate in raising and lowering operations. The brakes shall be adjusted if needed. When the gate is operated, there should not be any noise or chatter in the gears. xxiv. Adjust the rope tension of wires if unequal. xxv. Check for all gears and pinions for uneven wear and adjust for proper contact. Grease the gears. xxvi. Repaint the hoist components, hoisting platform and its supporting structures as per requirement. xxvii. The periodic maintenance of commercial equipment like motors, brakes, thrusts etc. shall be carried out as per manufacturers operation and maintenance manual.

4.3.5 Maintenance of Electrical components of Fixed Rope Drum Hoists a). The electrical components to be inspected and maintained periodically are as under; i) Starters should be cleaned free of moisture and dust. ii) Each individual contactor should be tried by hand to make sure that it operates freely. iii) All wearing parts should be examined in order to take note of any wear which may have oc- curred during operation. iv) If the contactor hums, the contact faces should be cleaned. (v) Examine all connections to see that no wires are broken and no connections are loose. vi) Clean the surface of the moving armature and magnet core which comes together when the contactor closes, free of dust or grease of any kind.

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O&M Manual for Hattikuni Dam January-2020 vii) Examine the mechanical interlocks between the reversing contactor and see when the contact tips of one of the contactor units are touching, it is impossible to get the contact tips of the other unit to touch. viii) The contact tips should be kept free from burns or pits by smoothening with fine sand paper or emery paper. ix) Replace the contact tips which have worn away half-way. x) Do not lubricate the contacts. xi) Blow out windings thoroughly by clean and dry air to clear air passage in the stator and the rotor of any accumulated dirt. The air pressure shall not be too high to damage the insulation. xii) Examine earth connections and motor leads. xiii) Examine motor windings for overheating xiv) Examine control equipment’s xv) Examine starting equipment for burnt contacts xvi) Check and tighten all nuts and bolts xvii) Clean and tighten all terminals and screw connections all contact surfaces shall be made clean and smooth. xviii) Lubricate the bearings xix) Overhaul the controllers xx) Inspect and clean circuit breakers. xxi) Wipe brush holders and check bedding of brushes. xxii) Blow out windings thoroughly by clean and dry air. The pressure shall not be so high that insulation may get damaged. xxiii) Check the insulation resistance of the motor between any terminal and the frame. If the measured resistance is less than the prescribed value, then steps shall be taken to dry- out the motors either by passing a low voltage current through the windings or by placing the stator and rotor only in a warm dry place for a day or so. WARNING: The complete motor shall never be put in an oven for drying as that may melt the grease out of bearings. xxiv) Coat the windings with an approved high temperature resisting insulation enamel or var- nish. xxv) Over haul the motor, if required. xxvi) Check the switch fuse units and renew, if required. xxvii) Check resistance or earth connections. xxviii) Check air gap. MAINTENANCE OF MOTOR

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Motors shall be blown out at regularly intervals to keep its ventilating passage clear, particularly when operating in dirty atmosphere. Moisture, oil, dirt, grease and carbon or metallic dust are the principal causes of break down. The motor therefore be kept clean and dry and must be kept free from oil and greases, damp and dirt, periodical cleaning with dry compressed air with a brush is necessary. The motor required be examining and dismantling from time to time and frequency of service cleaning will depend upon the conditions under which the motor operates. During periodical cleaning care shall be taken to clean air passage in the starter and motor of any accumulated dirt. Terminals and screw connections shall be kept clean and tight. If they become dirty or corroded, they shall be disconnected and all contact surfaces made clean and smooth. Bad contact leads to sparking and ultimate breakdown. LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE OF REDUCTION GEAR UNIT 1. Satisfactory performance of grease required that the lubricating oil kept be clean, and free from dirt, grit, moisture and sludge. Depending upon operating conditions the oil eventually becomes contaminated and should be drained periodically. During operation the oil level should be periodically checked, too high level results loss of power and oil leakage, too low oil results in friction in bearings and on gear teeth causing overheating. Use proper graded oil. 2. Oil level should be checked with the help of dipstick or the oil indicator and should be topped up, if necessary. 3. Where the bearings of the unit are greases lubricated, the same should be filled with the top of grease gun. 4. Care should be taken that the breather holes are not clogged by any foreign materials, like dust, paint etc. 5. During cleaning gear casing should be flushed with the same sort oil that is used under working Conditions. If encasing is opened for cleaning all sealing compound must be removed. LUBRICATION CHART PART LUBRICATION FOR FREQUENCY 1. Hoist Brake Hand oiled points One in a month Fulcrum pins 2. Long travel Hand oiled points One in a month Brake fulcrum Pins 3. Motors: Hoist Long travel End Bearing Replace once in six months and renew once in a year.

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4. Long travel Grease Nipples Repack once in six Shaft Plummer Blocks months and renew once in a year . 5. Gear Boxes Gear Boxes Check oil level once a month and top up as necessary. 6. Pinion & Gear Gears & Pinions Every 3 months. Wheels 7. Wire Rope Full Wire (Cardium Every year preferably Compound) before onset of monsoon MAINTENANCE OF BEARING Like all other important machine components ball and roller bearings must occasionally be cleaned and examined. In many cases it is permissible to let the bearing run for considerable / longer time before carrying out inspections, especially the conditions of the bearings can be ascertained, during service for example, by listening to the sound produced during running, checking the temperature of noting the colour of the lubricant. While spirit good quality paraffin, petrol or benzene may be recommended as suitable for cleaning roller bearings. Bearing should not be allowed to stand dry for any length of time after they have cleaned out, should be oiled and greased immediately when this is done, the bearings should be rotated several times to that oil or grease can reach all vital parts and thereby protect the bearings from rust. For sheaves, oiling the bearing at frequent interval and checking that they rotate freely must be done. A seized up sheaves may ruin a rope very speedily. Care should be taken to see that the rope does not foul in flat against any obstacle in its way. MAINTENANCE OF WIRE ROPE Frequently the inspection of the entire length of rope is necessary. Watch constantly for broken wires, excessive wear and lubrication, see that the number of broken wires does not exceed as laid down in different regulation. Prompt attention must be given to a broken wire in a rope otherwise damage to other wires and serious accidents may results. Cleaning wire rope with brush or compressed air and giving it a light coating of special wire rope dressing is essential. This lubricant puts a protective film on each individual wire, repels water and stops corrosion. CHECK FOR THE TIGHTNESS OF THE BOLTS 1. Fixing bolts of motor and reduction gears.

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2. Plummer Block base Bolts. 3. Bolts of all Coupling. 4. Inspect the keys in the Couplings for its correct position once in every six months . 5. The wire Rope and is fixed over the winding drum by weans of clamps and bolts. These are to be checked for its tightness periodically.

4.4 Surface Preparation and Painting of HM Works i) Protection of painted surfaces is considered essential for protection & enhancement of service life. Gates, their embedded parts, gate leaf, hoists and its supporting structures need to be protected against corrosion due to climatic condition, weathering, biochemical reaction and abrasion etc. This equipment is likely to deteriorate or get damaged to any extent that the replacement of parts may become necessary and such replacement may become difficult and costly. ii) Surface preparation & Painting requirements: Painting for hydro-mechanical works is to be carried out as prescribed in IS 14177 for both new- ly manufactured as well as old & used gates, hoists and associated works after proper surface preparation. The preparation includes thorough cleaning, smoothing irregular surfaces, rusted surfaces, weld spatters, oil, grease, dirt, earlier applied damaged layers of primers/ paint by use of mechanical tools, by use of solvents, wire brush etc. The sand / grit blasting process is used for surface preparation to a level of Sa 2½ of the Swedish standard. iii) Surfaces not requiring painting & their protection during surface preparation, painting & transportation process: a) The following surfaces are not to be painted unless or otherwise specified: • Machine finished or similar surface • Surfaces which will be in contact with concrete • Stainless steel overlay surfaces. • Surfaces in sliding or rolling contact • Galvanized surfaces, brass and bronze surfaces. • Aluminum alloy surfaces b) The Surfaces of stainless steel, nickel, bronze and machined surface adjacent to metal work being cleaned or painted shall be protected by using sticky protective tape or by other suitable means over the surfaces not to be painted. c) All embedded parts which come in contact with concrete shall be cleaned as detailed above and given two coats of cement latex to prevent rusting during the shipment while awaiting installation. iv) Application of primer & finish coats on embedded parts and gates: EMBEDDED PARTS:

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The prescribed primer shall be applied as soon as the surface preparation is complete and prior to the development of surface rusting and within the specified time prescribed by Indian Stand- ards or the Paint Manufacturer. In case there is lapse of considerable time beyond the prescribed time limit, the surfaces shall be again cleaned prior to priming. Two coats of zinc rich primer with epoxy resin shall be applied to all embedded parts surfaces which are not in contact with concrete and shall remain exposed to atmosphere or submerged in water to obtain a dry film thickness of 75 microns. This shall be followed by three coats at an interval of 24hours of coal-tar blend epoxy resin so as to get a dry film thickness of 80 microns in each coat. Total dry film thickness of paint shall not be less than 300 microns. GATES: Primer Coat: Over the prepared surface one coat of inorganic zinc silicate primer giving a dry film thickness of 70 ± 5 microns should be applied. Alternatively two coats of zinc rich primer, which should con- tain not less than 85% zinc on dry film should be applied to give a total dry film thickness of 75 ± 5 microns. Finished paint: Two coats of solvent less coal tar epoxy paints. These shall be applied at an interval of about 24 hours. Each coat shall give a dry film thickness of 150±5 microns. The total dry film thickness of all the coats including primer coating shall not be less than 350 microns. Application of paint: Mix the contents thoroughly as directed by paint manufacturer before and during use. Painting at shop can be done by any of the three methods namely Brush / roller, Conventional spray, Airless spray etc. The paint can be made to suit the adopted method. But once the gate and equipment is in erect- ed position the general method adopted is only brush / roller. In case of spray lot of precautions are to be taken. For More details: Refer IS: 14177 Part (II) – 1971. Appendix A – Brushing of paint Appendix B – Spraying of paint Appendix C – Spray painting defects: Causes and remedies.

Removal of old paint / rust and carrying out fresh painting:  The carrying out of fresh painting is to be considered under the following conditions:  The rusting is noticed all over the surface or  Rusting is severe or

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 Cracking and blistering has damaged the primer coat exposing the metal and is noticed all over the surface or The paint film has eroded badly, the scrap of entire paint film to the base metal and carry out fresh painting. Note: In case of maintenance and renovation: Refer IS 14177 (Part II) – 1971 for checking and repainting. Removal of old paint for repainting: Caution should be exercised while removing the old paint. The surfaces shall be de-rusted and descaled by either mechanically by one or more of the methods, namely: a) Wire brushing, Scraping, and chipping. Sand papering or cleaning with steel wool or abrasive paper b) Power tool cleaning c) Flame cleaning d) Sand blasting or shot blasting and e) Chemical rust removal. Note: The method of application shall be decided based on conditions existing. After cleaning painting is to be carried out as originally proposed. Some are painted without removal of old paint and rusting this will amounts to no painting and deteriorate faster than the original one.

4.5 Maintenance of Metal Gate Components All exposed, bare ferrous metal of an outlet installation, whether submerged or exposed to air, will tend to rust. To prevent corrosion, exposed ferrous metals must be either appropriately painted (following the paint manufacturer’s directions) or heavily greased in respect of moving parts & on surfaces like guides & track seats on which there is movement of gates. When areas are repainted, it should be ensured that paint is not applied to gate seats, wedges, or stems (where they pass through the stem guides), or on other friction surfaces where paint could cause binding. Heavy grease should be applied on friction surfaces to avoid binding. As rust is especially damaging to contact surfaces, existing rust is to be removed before periodic application of grease.

4.6 Access Roads For a dam to be operated and maintained, there must be a safe means of access to it at all times. Access road surfaces must be maintained to allow safe passage of automobiles and any required equipment for servicing the dam in any weather conditions. Routine observations of any cut and fill slopes along the sides of the road should be made. If unstable conditions develop assistance of experienced Engineers/Expert Panels should be obtained and remedial measures initiated.

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Drains are required to be provided and maintained along roads to remove surface and subsurface drainage. This will prolong the life of the road and help reduce deterioration from rutting. Road surfacing should be repaired or replaced as necessary to maintain the required traffic loadings. In most cases, specialized contractors will be required to perform this maintenance.

4.7 General Cleaning As already suggested, for proper operation of spillways, sluiceways, approach channels, inlet and outlet structures, stilling basin / energy dissipation arrangements, discharge conduit, dam slopes, trash racks, debris control devices etc., regular and thorough cleaning and removal of debris is necessary. Cleaning is especially important after large floods, which tend to send more debris into the reservoir.

4.8 Materials and Establishment Requirements during Monsoon Period Materials required during monsoon period for both immediate maintenance and preventive maintenance must be stocked in adequate quantities for emergency situations that may arise. Needful instructions in this regard is enclosed in the O&M Manual. At Hattikuni Dam, a 24/7 hour patrol schedule is carried out during monsoon period. At the same time the additional management requirements during monsoon period are enhanced.

4.9 General List of Maintenance Records Maintenance records are of utmost importance. Records are kept of all maintenance activities, both immediate and preventive maintenance works. Essential information to be recorded include the following:  Date and time of maintenance,  Weather conditions,  Type of maintenance,  Name of person, title and / or contractor performing maintenance,  Description of work performed,  Length of time it took to complete the work with dates,  Equipment and materials used, and  Before and after dated photographs.  The data is recorded by the person responsible for maintenance.

4.10 Preparation of O&M budget O & M budget for Hattikuni project include but not limited to the following items:  Establishment Cost of Regular Staff - Salaries and allowances, Bonus, Medical Reim- bursement, LTC, Leave Encashment, pension benefits, etc. (as applicable).  Establishment Cost of Work charged Staff - Salaries and allowances, Bonus, Medical Reibursement, LTC, Leave Encashment, Pension benefits, TA and DA , etc. (as applicable).

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 Establishment Cost of Daily wage Staff - Salaries and allowances, TA and DA etc. (as applicable).  Office Expenses – Rent for office, Telephone/Mobile/any other Telecommunication bills, Electricity bills, water bills, Office stationery, Day to day office requirements.  Motor Vehicles - Running and Maintenance cost of inspection vehicles, Cost of hiring of vehicles as required  Maintenance of Colony - Maintenance of staff quarters, colony roads, Electricity, Sanitary and Water supply systems etc.  T&P - T&P requirements for offices, colony, works etc. as applicable.  Works -Painting, oiling, greasing, overhauling of HM equipment’s, Repair/replacement of gates seals & wire ropes, POL for pumps & generator sets, Electricity charges and maintenance of Electric systems of dam site, specific requirements for all Civil, H.M & Electrical maintenance works, vegetation removal and mowing of turfing on earth dams, maintenance/cleaning of drains in dam, maintenance of lift/elevators in dam (as applicable), maintenance of access roads & basic facilities, provision for flood contingency works during monsoon, unforeseen events/items (about 10% of the cost of works) etc.

4.11 The rehabilitation works carried out under DRIP-I for Hattikuni Project are as follows:

PICC pointing to u/s side of spillway

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Dry stone revetment and Template

Drainage Chute to d/s of the Dam

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V-Notch drainage wall

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Repairs to Spillway gates

Trash Rack to u/s of sluice well

Turfing to d/s of the Dam

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Barbed wire fencing

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Barricade to sluice well

Instrumentation Room

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Table 23 - O&M BUDGET COSTS (ANNUAL)

Current year Sl. Previous year Budget Budget Item Remarks No. Cost (Rs.) (Yr _2019-20) (Rs.) a. Establishment

Salary of regular staff includ- 1 14,42,122.00 19,86,473.00 ing all other benefits

2 Travel expenses 0.00 0.00

3 Office expenses 0.00 0.00

4 Motor vehicle expenses 0.00 0.00

Maintenance of office & colo- 5 0.00 0.00 ny complex

Sub-total – (a) 14,42,122.00 19,86,473.00 b. Works

1 Civil

1.1 Concrete / Masonry dam 0.00 0.00

1.2 Earthen dam 0.00 0.00

Intake / Outlets in earthen 1.3 0.00 0.00 dams

sluices in concrete / masonry 1.4 -- -- dams

Approach / Inspection roads 1.5 0.00 0.00 within dam area

2 Hydro-Mechanical

2.1 Spillway gates & Hoists 0.00 0.00

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Spillway stop-log & Gantry 2.2 -- -- crane

Outlets in earthen dams - ser- 2.3 vice / emergency gates & 0.00 0.00 hoists

Sluices in concrete / masonry 2.4 dams – service / emergency -- -- gates & hoists

3 Electrical

Electrical fittings, motors, 3.1 0.00 0.00 controls for all gate hoists

3.2 Power supply lines 5,937.00

Electrical fittings on dam top, 3.3 0.00 0.00 dam galleries, etc.

Standby power / diesel gener- 3.4 0.00 0.00 ator

3.4 Remote control/CCTV -- --

4 Instrumentation

5 Miscellaneous works -- --

salary of work- charged staff 6 -- -- including all benefits

Materials to be stored before 7 0.00 0.00 monsoon

Sub-total – (b) 5,937.00

contingency (10%) on sub- 8 0.00 0.00 total of a & b

9 tools & plants 0.00 0.00

Sub-total- (c) 0.00 0.00

10 Total annual cost 14,48,059.00 19,86,473.00

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4.12 Maintenance Records Maintenance records are of utmost importance. A record shall be kept for all maintenance activities, both immediate and preventive maintenance works. Information that must be recorded includes, but not limited to, the following:  Date and time of maintenance,  Weather conditions,  The type of maintenance,  Name of person or contractor performing maintenance,  Description of work performed,  The length of time it took to complete the work with dates,  Equipment and materials used, and  Before and after photographs.  The data should be recorded by the person responsible for maintenance.

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CHAPTER 5. INSTRUMENTATION AND MONITORING

5.1 Dam Instrumentation

5.1.1 General Information This section identifies the location and chainages of each of the 4 structural components of the dam: Table 24 - Locations and Extents of Structural Members

From 0.00 m Dam end - m

Spillway 00.00 77.41

Earthen Embankment 77.41 938.784

5.1.2 Instruments Embedded in the Hattikuni Earthen Dam The seepage discharge is measured with the help of two V-notch devices embedded in the Earthen Dam section. Table 25 - Embedded Instruments

Sl. Type of No. of Instruments embedded at Frequency of No. Instruments Em- 9.5 & 22.5 chainages monitoring bedded 1 V-notches 02 Nos. Daily

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CHAPTER 6. PREVIOUS REHABILITATION EFFORTS

Before DRIP, maintenance activities were limited to routine greasing, oiling, and patch painting of hydro-mechanical devices; routine repair of electrical systems; routine mowing, vegetation removal, repair of eroded section, etc. Apart from these routine maintenance activities, no major rehabilitation was carried before the involvement of DRIP. Under DRIP, major Rehabilitation Works have been carried out at a total cost of about INR 3.17 Crores (with some activities still ongoing during the preparation of this O&M manual). The rehabilitation works under DRIP include: Table 26 - Rehabilitation works under DRIP

Original Supplementary Revised Costs (INR) Contract Contract Agreement Name of Work Amount Amount amount (in (in Lakhs) (in Lakhs) Lakhs)

Dam Rehabilitation and improvement works such as providing drainage chute towards D/S, platform to V-notch and manholes, providing barbed wire fencing to protected area , providing dry stone riv- etment, providing turfing to D/S slope providing and applying PICC pointing 275.24 -- 316.27 and grouting to the body of spillway, repairs to stilling basin, providing barricades to sluice, repairs to spillway gates, construction of instrumentation room and providing trash rack to sluice of Hattikuni Tank Project.

TOTAL 275.24 -- 316.27

Other non-structural measures under DRIP include preparation of inundation maps and Emergency Action Plan (EAP).

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O&M Manual for Hattikuni Dam January-2020

CHAPTER 7. UPDATING THE MANUAL

As features of the dam and appurtenant structures change occasionally, the O&M Manual must be edited and portions rewritten to reflect these changes. This important task is often ignored. Updating information in the O&M Manual should be done whenever major changes like construction of an additional spillway, construction of dam on the upstream etc. take place. Aspects to be considered when updating include: Increase/decrease in the frequency of an inspection or the maintenance routine based on additional data/ experience acquired. Changes in the operation and/or maintenance procedures based on additional data/experience acquired. Alterations to the project data because of changes/modifications in the dam by way of additional spillway etc. All up-dates/revisions of the O & M Manual need to be sent to all the locations/addresses to whom the copies of the original O & M Manual had been sent earlier. It is recommended that O & M Manuals be reviewed/ updated after every 10 years by the respective Dam Owners.

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APPENDIX – 4 : BASIC DRAWINGS OF HATTIKUNI DAM

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APPENDIX – 5 : KEY ELEMENTS OF THE EAP

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Hattikuni dam – watch condition notification flowchart

Assistant Engineer, KNNL, Chandrampalli project sub divn., Chandapur Siddaroodha Title: Assistant Engineer Resources Available Mobile Number: 7411282801 E-mail:[email protected]

Heavy Equipment Service Name: Sunil M Arikerir Mobile Number: 9916334697 Sand and Gravel Supply O/o Assistant Executive Engineer O/o Executive Engineer KNNL, BNT Division No-4, Hebbal Name: Sunil M Arikerir KNNL, Chandrampalli project sub- divn., Chandapur Name: Sangamnath Mobile Number: 9916334697

Name:Kailash Title: Executive Engineer O/o the District Collector Ready mix concrete supply (YADGIR) Title: i/c Assistant Executive En- MobileNumber: 9900248547 Name: Sunil M Arikerir Name: Sri Kurma Rao IAS) gineer Mobile Number: 9880976563 E-ail:[email protected] Mobile Number: 9916334697 Title: District Collector E-mail:[email protected] Off No: 08473-253700

Superintendent of Police (YADGIR) O/o Chief Engineer, KNNL, IPZ, Office of Superintending Engineer Name: Sonawane Rishikeshi KNNL, IPC Circle, Kalaburgi Kalaburagi Bhagwan (IPS) Name: Jagannath Halinge Name: Jagannath Halinge Title: Superintendent of Police Title: Superintending Engineer Title: Superintending Engineer Off No: 08473- 251778 Mobile Number: 9448135628 Mobile Number: 9448135628 Office Number: 08472220342 Office Number: 08472-256561 E-mail:[email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Tahsildar Taluka Taluka & District & Name: Jagnath Raddy Name: S H Kattimani Title: Deputy Chief District(YADGIR) (YADGIR) Engineer Mobile Number: 9483451740 Title: Technical Assistant to S.E. Name: Channamallappa Ganti Office Number: 08472220342 Mobile Number: 9481012333 Name:Title: Tahsildar Channamallappa Ganti E-mail: [email protected] OfficeNumber:08472-220342 Off No: 08473- 252611 E-mail:[email protected]

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O/ o Assistant Executive Engineer ,KNNL, O/ o Executive Engineer

Chandrampalli project sub – divn., chandapur KNNL, BNT Division No-4, Hebbal Heavy Equipment Service

Name: Kailash Name: Sangamnath Name: Sunil M Arikerir

Title: i/c Assistant Executive Engineer Title: Executive Engineer Mobile Number: 9916334697

Mobile Number: 9880976563 Mobile Number: 9900248547 Sand and Gravel Supply

E-mail:[email protected] E-il:[email protected] Name: Sunil M Arikerir Name: Siddaroodha Mobile Number: 9916334697 Title: Assistant Engineer Ready mix concrete supply Name: Sunil M Arikerir Mobile Number: 7411282801 O/o Superintending Engineer E-mail:[email protected] KNNL, IPC Circle, Kalaburgi Mobile Number: 9916334697 Name: Jagannath Halinge Title: Superintending Engineer Mobile Number: 9448135628 Karnataka state Disaster Man- agement Authority Office of the District Col- Superintendent of Po- District Health Officer District Fire Officer lector (YADGIR) lice (YADGIR) (YADGIR) (YADGIR) Name: Dr. Srinivasa Reddy, Name: Sonawane Name: Sri. Kurma Rao Name: Dr. Bhaga- Name: Hanamgouda patil O/ of Chief Engineer, KNNL, Title: Director (IAS) Rishikeshi Bhagwan vanth Anwar (MS) IPZ, Kalaburagi (IPS) Title: District Fire Officer Off No: 080- 67355000 Title: District Collector Mob No: 9480101600 Name: Jagannath Halinge Dept. Mobile no: [email protected] Title: Superintendent of Off No: 08473- 253767 Off No: 08473-253700 Police 9739012229 Title: Chief Engineer [email protected]

Off No: 08473- 251778 Off No: 08473- 252101 Mobile Number: 9448135628

National Disaster Management O/o Managing Director, KNNL, Bangaluru Authority Name: Shri Mallikarjun B Gunge Name: Shri A K Sanghi Title: Manging Director Mob No: 9482659954 Title: Joint Secretary Off No: 080-22283074-78 Email:[email protected] Mitigatiion,IT and comn Name: Sri Venkatesh Prasad Title: Superintending Engineer Office Number:011-26701718 Mob No: 9845339993, 080-22283074/78

O/o Karnataka Water Resources Department (SDSO) Central Water Commission Name: Anil Kumar Title: Additional Secretary to Govt. & Name: Shri N K Mathur Nodal Officer-DRIP Mobile Number: 9448068249 Title: Chief Engineer (CDSO) Office Number: 080-22259985 E-mail: [email protected] Mobile Number: 971733380 Name: Bonny Jose Title: Superintending Engineer Office Number:011-26106848 Mobile Number: 9845059967 [email protected] Name: Pramod Na- Office Number: 080-22259985 rayan Title: Director DRIP,CWC Mobile Number:9958975928 Office Number:011-26192633 Doc. No. CDSO_O&M_KA06HH093_Hattikuni Dam_v1.0 Page 101 [email protected] O&M Manual for Hattikuni Dam January-2020

Evidence of Distress

General Specific Emergen- Emergency action Equip- Data to rec- obser- Observation cy condi- ment, ord vation tion level material, and sup- plies

Small boils, no in- Closely check all of down-None Site and crease of water flow, stream toe, especially in location,

flowing clear water. the vicinity of boil for ap- proxi- additional boils, wet mate flow BLUE spots, sinkholes, or seepage. Closely monitor entire area for changes or flow rate in- creases.

Large or additional Initiate 24-hour surveil-Sand- Site and boils near previ- ously lance. Monitor as de-bags, fil-location, identified ones, without scribed above. Construct ter cloth ap- proxi- increasing flow rate, sandbag ring dikes mate flow but carrying small around boils, to cover amount of soil par- them with water to retard ticles. BLUE the movement of soil particles. Filter cloth may

Boils Boils be used to retard soil movement, but do not retard the flow of water.

Large or additional Continue 24-hour surveil-Sand- Site and boils near previ- ously lance. Continue monitor-bags, location,

identified ones, in- ing and remedial action as pump ap- proxi- creasing flow rate, car- ORANGE described above. Initiate mate flow rying soil particles. emergency lowering of the reservoir. Issue a warning to downstream residents.

Rapidly increasing size Downstream evacuation. Dozer, Site and of boils and flow in- Employ all available shovels, location, creasing and muddy equipment to attempt to source of ap- proxi- water. RED construct a large ring earth fill mate flow dike around the boil area.

Minor seepage of clear Closely check entire em-Wooden Site, loca- water at toe, on slope of bankment for other seep-stakes, tion, ap- em- bankment, or at age areas. Use wooden flagging proximate the abutments. stakes or flagging to de- flow BLUE lin- eate seepage area. Try Seepage Seepage to channel and measure flow. Look for upstream whirl- pools.

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and/or increasing flow measuring weir and chan- approx- rate. nel all seepage through imate flow weir. Attempt to determine source of seepage.

Seriously or rapidly in- Continue 24-hour monitor-Dozer, Site lo- cati- creasing seepage, un- ing and remedial action as shovels, on, approx-

der-seepage, or drain described above. Initiate source of imate flow flow. ORANGE emergency lowering of the fill mate- reservoir. Construct a large rial ring dike around the seepage area.

Additional seepage ar- Downstream evacuation. Dozer, Site lo- cati- eas with rapid in- Employ all available equip-shovels, on, approx- RED crease in flow and ment to attempt to con-source of imate flow muddy water. struct a large ring dike fill mate- around the seepage area. rial

Skin slide or slough on Examine rest of embank-Stakes, Dis- tance slope of embankment. ment for other slides. Place tape between No further movement stakes in slide material and measure stakes of slide and embank- BLUE adjacent to it for determin- ment crest not degrad- ing if further movement is ed. taking place.

Slide or erosion in- Initiate 24-hour surveil-Dozer, Dis- tance volving large mass of lance. Mobilize all availa-shovels, between material, crest of em- ble resources and equip-sources stakes bankment is degrad- ment for repair operations of fill ed, no movement or BLUE to increase freeboard and to material, very slow continuing protect the exposed em-sand- bankment material. Start movement. bags filling sandbags and stockpile near slide area.

Slide or erosion in- Continue monitoring and Dozer, Dis- tance Slides or severe erosion or Slides severe volving large mass of remedial actions as de-shovels, between material, crest of em- scribed above. Place addi-source of stakes bankment is degrad- ORANGE tional material at the toe of fill mate- ed, progres- sively in- the slope to stop the slide. rial, creasing in size. pump

Slide or erosion in- Downstream evacuation. Dozer, Distance volving large mass of RED Utilize all available equip-shovels, material, crest of ment and personnel to embankment is sandbag the degraded

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severely degraded, slide area to prevent it from sand- be- tween movement of slide is overtopping. bags, stakes continuing and may pump reach pool level.

Sinkholes anywhere- Carefully walk the entire Stakes, Size, lo- cat- on the em- bankmentor embankment and down- flagging ion within stream area looking for ad- BLUE 150 metresdown- ditional sinkholes, move- stream from the toe. ment, or seepage.

Sinkholes with corre- Initiate 24-hour surveil-Dozer, Size, lo- cat- sponding seepage an- lance. Monitor as above. shovels, ion ywhere on the em- Construct sandbag dike pump bankment or down- around the seepage exit stream from the toe. BLUE point to reduce the flow rate. Start filling sandbags and stockpile near sink- hole. Sinkholes Large sinkholes Continue monitoring and Sand- Size, lo- cat- with corresponding remedial action as de-bags, ion seepage anywhere on scribed above. Utilize dozer, the embankment or ORANGE sandbags to increase the pump downstreamfrom the freeboard on the dam if toe. necessary.

Sinkholes rapidly get- Downstream evacuation. Dozer, Size, lo- cat- ting worse, seepage RED Utilize all available equip-shovels, ion flowing muddy water ment and personnel to at-pump and increasing flow. tempt to construct a large ring dike around the area.

Obvious settlement of Look for bulges on slope or None Size, lo- cat- the crest of the em- changes in crest align- ion bankment, especially ment. adjacent to concrete BLUE structures.

Settlement of crest of Initiate 24-hour surveil-Sand- Size, lo- cat- embankment that is lance. Mobilize all availa-bags, ion

Settlement Settlement progressing, especially ble resources for repair op-dozer, adjacent to concrete BLUE erations to increase free-shovels, struc- board. Fill and stockpile source of tures or if any sandbags. Identify any

corresponding seepage boils near settlement points fill mate- is present. for flowing material rial apursue

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action for boils.

Settlement of crest of Continue monitoring and Sand- Size, lo- cat- embankment that is remedial actions as de-bags, ion rapidly progressing scribed above. Use sand-shovels, especially adjacent to bags to increase the free-dozer, concrete structures or board on the dam if neces-source of if any corresponding sary. fill mate- seepage is flowing ORANGE rial muddy water or increasing flow.

Progressing settle- Downstream evacuation. Dozer, Size, lo- cat- ment that is expected Utilize all available equip-shovels, ion to degrade the em- ment and personnel to source of bankment to reservoir build up the crest in the fill mate- level. RED area that is settling. Iden-rial, tify any boils near settle-sand- ment points for flowing bags material and pursue action for boils.

Cracks in the em- Walk on entire crest and Stakes, Size, lo- cat- bankment crest or on slope and check for addi-tape BLUE ion slopes. tional cracking. measure

Numerous cracks in Initiate 24-hour surveil-Stakes, Size, lo- cat- crest that are en- larg- lance. Carefully monitor tape ion ing, especially those and measure cracking to measure, perpendicular to the determine the speed and dozer, centerline of the dam. extent of the problem. Mo-shovels, bilize to fill cracks. Cracks source of BLUE parallel to the centerline in-fill mate- dicate a slide. Follow reme-rial dial action for slides. Cracking Cracking Large cracks in the Continue monitoring and Dozer, Size, lo- cat- crest that are rapidly ORANGE remedial action as de-shovels, ion enlarging, especially scribed above. source of those perpendicular to fill mate- the centerline of the rial dam.

Cracking that ex- tends Downstream evacuation. Dozer, Size, lo- cat- Continue remedial actions shovels, to pool elevation. RED ion as described above. source of fill material

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Minor cracking and/or Immediately install meas-Crack Size, lo- cat- uring device to monitor Moni- movement. ion movement. tors, BLUE stakes, tape measure

Significant cracking Initiate 24-hour surveil-Burlap, Size, lo- cat- and/or movement. lance. Lower burlap on up-rock, ion, flow stream face of crack to re-dozer, rate duce flow of soil particles. shovels BLUE Dump large rock on downstream of moving concrete structure monolith to resist the movement.

Serious cracking Prepare for evacuation. Dozer, Size, move- and/or movement ORANGE Continue monitoring and rock, ment, flow remedial action as de-burlap, rate scribed above. crack

Cracking or movement of concrete structure of structure concrete Cracking or movement monitors

Major cracking and/or Downstream evacuation. Dozer, Size, lo- cat- movement RED Dam failure is imminent. shovels, ion, flow Continue monitoring and rock rate remedial actions as described above.

Whirlpool in the lake in Downstream evacuation. Dozer, Size, lo- cat-

the vicinity of the em- Attempt to plug the en-fill mate-ion, flow

bankment trance of the whirlpool with rial, rate

riprap from the slope of the sand- RED embankment. Search bags, fil- downstream for an exit ter cloth, point and construct a ring straw, dike to retard the flow of rocks soil particles. Upstream whirlpool

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Structural member of a Initiate 24-hour surveil-Crane Type of gate or gate operator lance. Immediately place and problem,

broken or severely stop logs in front of gate welder location damaged so as to pre- ORANGE and initiate necessary ac- vent operation tions to get gate repaired. of the gate Malfunction of gate Malfunction of gate

Lake level rising and Initiate 24-hour surveil- Lake level, lance of lake level and rain- rain continuing rainfall fall. BLUE Generate inflow forecasts every 12 hours. Rapidly risingRapidly lake

Water flowing over the Prepare for evacuation. Dozer, Lake level, dam and lake continu- Continue monitoring. fill mate-rainfall ing to rise. No signifi- Generate inflow forecasts rial, ORANGE cant erosion of down- every 3 hours. sand- stream embankment. bags, filter cloth, rocks

Water flowing over the Immediate evacuation. Cameras. Status of dam, the lake continu- Dam failure is imminent or breach for-

ing to rise, and signifi- ongoing. mation. cant erosion of down- Width of Overtopping Overtopping stream embankment breach as it with development of en- larges. head-cuts encroaching RED on the dam crest, or significant movement of sections of concrete or masonry portions of the dam.

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Roles and Responsibilities of Dam Authorities during Emergency Responsibilities of Dam Executive Engineer Responsible for initiating implementation of the EAP . Collecting weather forecasts and the inflow forecasts and alerting of any potential emergency situation. Conducting routine dam maintenance , such as annual weed control, conducting dam integrity inspections , and notifying Karnataka Water Resources Department of any potential emergency situations. Contacting emergency personnel should a dam failure be imminent. Responsibilities of Dam Superintending Engineer Responsible for updating t he EAP. An annual EAP review will be conducted to ensure that contact names and numbers are current on the Notification Flow charts. Responsibilities of Dam Chief Engineer Responsible for directing specific , incident appropriate actions du ring an emergency , such as opening or closing water outlets and remedial construction activities such as earth moving, etc. Specific scenarios are not listed in this EAP. For inspecting the dam in a potential emergency such as the potent ial threat of high water or a tropical cyclone. The Chief Engineer will contact the Yadgir District Police and District Deputy Commissioner. If warranted , the Chief Engineer will notify the State and District Disaster Management Authori- ties. The Yadgir District Police will notify downstream residents. The Yadgir district deputy commissioner will implement the Notification Flow chart for regional and state disaster management contacts. In the event of a failure condition, the Chief Engineer will activate the Emergency Operations Center to serve as the main distribution center for warning and evacuation activities. The Emer- gency Oper ations Center will be established at the Office of Karnataka Water Resources De- partment.. The Chief Engineer will be responsible for initiating actions from this location. Sample Public Announcements Note: These messages are communicated to downstream residents to alert the public of impending danger. The Karnataka Water Resources Department should coordinate with the India Meteorological Department, the Yadgir Disaster Management Authority, and the District Magistrate and Yadgir Districts prior to release . Messages can be communicated via radio, television , bulk SMSs of local mobile networks, and other media outlets.

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Announcement for a slowly Developing “Watch” Condition ( BLUE Emergency Level) Karnataka Water Resources Department has declared a BLUE level “Watch” condition for Hattikuni Dam , Project Identification Code KA06MH0093 as of [time and date]. [ Briefly describe the problem or condition.] Although there is no immediate danger of the dam failing, [Describe what ac tions are being taken to monitor and control the situation.] [State the quantity of any releases from the reservoir.] Announcement for a Worsening “Watch” Condition ( BLUE Emergency Level) Karnataka Water Resources Department has declared a BLUE Level “Watch” condition for Hattikuni Dam, Project Identification Code KA06MH0093 as of [time and date]. [Briefly describe the pro blem or condition.] Although there is no immediate danger of the dam failing a possibility now exists that the dam will fail if correction efforts are unsuccessful. [Describe what actions are being tak en to monitor and correct the situation.] [State the quantity of any releases from the reservoir]. Additional news will be made available as soon as it is received. Announcement for a Probable “ Failure” Condition ( ORANGE Emergency Level) Urgent ! This is an emergency message. Karnataka Water Resources Department has announced that Hattikuni Dam, Project Identification Code KA06MH0093 is probably going to fail. [Des cribe what actions are being taken to monitor and control the situation.] It is possible that the dam will fail in [## ] hours. Residents of villages in near by low lying areas along the Hattikuni River, as well as the town of Yadgir, should prepare for immediate evacuation. Additional news will be made available as soon as it is received. Announcement of an Impending “ Failure” Condition (RED Emergency Level) Emergency ! This is an emergency message. Hattikuni Dam, Project Identification Code KA06MH0093 is going to fail at any moment. Residents who have not yet done so should immediately evacuate the town of Yadgir and low lying village areas along the Hattikuni River. The flood water have already reached [Highway] and [Road] . Additional news will be made available as soon as it is received. Announcement of an Ongoing “ Failure” Condition ( RED Emergency Level) Emergency ! This is an emergency message. Hattikuni Dam, Project Identification Code KA06MH0093 failed at [ time and date] . Residents who have not yet done so should immedia tely evacuate the town of Yadgir and low lying village areas along the Hattikuni River. The flood water have already reached [Highway] and [Road ] . Additional news will be made available as soon a s it is received.**

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APPENDIX – 6 : MATERIAL REQUIRED FOR MAINTENANCE DUR- ING MONSOON

Materials during monsoon period should be stocked in adequate quantity as experience shows them to be necessary. Particular care should be taken that the required materials are distributed with careful fore-thought so as to be readily available everywhere, particularly at dangerous sites. The quantity of materials required depends on importance or dangerousness of the dam and the distances of the dam from the nearest stations at which these can be purchased. This will need to be worked out by the respective dam owners / state govt. as per their experience & documented in the O & M Manual for the dams. The following norms have been prescribed by the Govt. of Madhya Pradesh for their projects during monsoon period. Patrolling Torches: 1 for each Executive Engineer, Assistant En- gineer, Sub-Engineer and 2 in spare. Cells: 1fill and 2 spare sets Binoculars 6 Night Vision Goggles 2 Dragon Lights 10 Search Lights 15 Communication Systems (local walkie-talkie) 8 Rain coat: 20 Gum boots: 20 Danger Zone Light: Strips 10 Flares 50

Leaks

I Gunny Bags 500 ii. Stakes 60 to 120 stakes per km. iii. Baskets 1 Basket of toot per beldar & one spare. iv. Sutli (Twine) 0.5kg per 100bags v. Needles ½ dozen with each work vi. Sand Collection of 2to4m3 every km. for

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APPENDIX – 7 : SCHEDULED OR UNSCHEDULED DAM SAFETY INSPECTION FORM

A form designed for use during scheduled dam safety inspections – which includes pre- and post-monsoon inspections – follows. The form contains a comprehensive checklist (Part 2a) of items that are found at dams that need to be evaluated during a safety inspection. The checklist consists of (1) a series of questions that need to be answered as Yes/No/Not Applicable for each inspection item, (2) a remarks box in which critical aspects can be commented upon following each question, and (3) a final condition assessment (Unsatisfactory/Poor/Fair/Satisfactory) for that inspection item. Not all inspection items will be found at a dam. The form concludes with a Consolidated Dam Health Status Report (Part 2b)

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Scheduled / Unscheduled Dam Safety Inspection Form Part 1a - Inspection Details:

Dam Name: Project ID Code (PIC):

Dam Type: Dam Purpose:

Dam Owner: Hazard Classification:

Dam Operator: Inspection by:

City/State/PIN: Date of Inspection:

District: Reservoir Level:

Latitude: Auxiliary Spillway Level:

Longitude: Weather Conditions:

Part 1b - Inspection Remarks: Please provide any additional information or comments not covered by Part 1a form above.

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Part 2a - Inspection Checklist:

Sl. No. Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

Y N NA

A Reservoir Unsatisfactory/Poor/ Fair/Satisfactory A1.1 General Condition

Is the reservoir water level unusually 1.1.1 high or low?

Are there signs of decline in water quali- 1.1.2 ty?

Are there signs of recent sediment depo- 1.1.3 sition?

1.1.4 Is floating debris present?

Are there people or livestock in and 1.1.5 around reservoir?

1.1.6 Any other issues?

B Dam and Dam Reach (Embankment)

B1.1 General Condition

Any major alterations or changes to the 1.1.1 dam since the last inspection?

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Sl. No. Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

Is there any new nearby development in 1.1.2 the downstream floodplain?

Any misalignment of poles, fencing or 1.1.3 walls due to dam movement?

B1.2 Upstream Slope …… …… …… …… …… …… Any signs of bulging or concavity (depres- 1.2.1 sions)?

Presence of longitudinal or transverse 1.2.2 cracks?

Any signs of distress to the stability of 1.2.3 slopes?

Any other signs of structural distress or in- 1.2.4 stability? Trees or profuse growth of weeds/bushes at 1.2.5 any location?

Is there evidence of livestock on the 1.2.6 upstream slope?

Are ants, termites, crabs or other burrowing 1.2.7 animals present?

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Sl. No. Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

Any degradation to slope protection (rip- 1.2.8 rap)?

1.2.9 Any other issues?

B1.3 Crest of Dam

1.3.1 Any signs of excessive or uneven settlement?

Presence of longitudinal or transverse 1.3.2 cracks?

Presence of undulations, local depressions 1.3.3 or heaving?

Any degradation to access road 1.3.4 (sealed/unsealed)?

1.3.5 Evidence of livestock on dam crest?

Trees or profuse growth of weeds/bushes at 1.3.6 any location?

Any degradation to edges of dam crest or 1.3.7 reduction in width?

Any degradation to upstream parapet or 1.3.8 downstream curb wall?

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Sl. No. Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

1.3.9 Any other issues?

B1.4 Downstream Slope

Any signs of bulging or concavity (depres- 1.4.1 sions)?

Any wet patches (seepage), concentrated 1.4.2 leaks or evidence of boiling?

Presence of longitudinal or transverse 1.4.3 cracks?

Any signs of distress to the stability of 1.4.4 slopes?

Are of rain cuts/erosion channels present at 1.4.5 any location?

Any other signs of structural distress or in- 1.4.6 stability?

Trees or profuse growth of weeds/bushes at 1.4.7 any location?

Is there evidence of livestock on the 1.4.8 downstream slope?

Are ants, termites, crabs or other burrowing 1.4.9 animals present?

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Sl. No. Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

Any other degradation to slope protection 1.4.10 (turfing)?

1.4.11 Any other issues?

B1.5 Breaching Section

Any difficulties in accessing the breaching 1.5.1 section?

1.5.2 Evidence of recent degradation?

1.5.3 Any other issues?

B1.6 Junction with Masonry/Concrete Dam Section

Any presence of leaks, springs or wet spots 1.6.1 in the vicinity of the junction?

Any presence of cracking, settlement or up- 1.6.2 heaval of earthwork?

1.6.3 Any evidence of erosion or slope instability?

1.6.4 Any other issues?

B1.7 Abutment Contacts

1.7.1 Any presence of leaks, springs or wet spots

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Sl. No. Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

in the vicinity of the abutment?

Any presence of cracking, settlement or up- 1.7.2 heaval of earthwork?

1.7.3 Any evidence of erosion or slope instability?

1.7.4 Trees or profuse growth of weeds/bushes?

Any degradation to up/downstream slope 1.7.5 protection (rip-rap, turfing)?

1.7.6 Any other issues?

B2 Dam and Dam Block/Reach (Concrete/Masonry)

B2.1 General Condition

Any major alterations or changes to the dam 2.1.1 since the last inspection?

Is there any new nearby development in the 2.1.2 downstream floodplain?

Any misalignment of poles, fencing or walls 2.1.3 due to dam movement?

B2.2 Upstream Face

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Sl. No. Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

Evidence of surface defects (honeycombing, 2.2.1 staining, stratification)?

Concrete/masonry deterioration (spalling, 2.2.2 leaching, disintegration)?

Is cracking present (structural, thermal, 2.2.3 along joints)?

Evidence of differential settlement (dis- 2.2.4 placed/offset/open joints)?

Presence of vegetation (growth in joints be- 2.2.5 tween blocks)?

Evidence of any other damage to joints 2.2.6 and/or waterstops?

2.2.7 Any other issues?

B2.3 Crest of Dam

Evidence of differential settlement (dis- 2.3.1 placed/offset/open joints)?

Presence of cracking (structural, thermal, 2.3.2 along joints)?

Profuse growth of weeds/grass/plants at 2.3.3 any location?

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Sl. No. Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

2.3.4 Any degradation to access road?

Any degradation to upstream parapet or 2.3.5 downstream curb wall?

2.3.6 Any other issues?

B2.4 Downstream Face

Evidence of surface defects (honey- 2.4.1 combing, staining, stratification)?

Concrete/masonry deterioration (spalling, 2.4.2 leaching, disintegration)?

Presence of cracking (structural, thermal, 2.4.3 along joints)?

Evidence of differential settlement (dis- 2.4.4 placed/offset/open joints)?

Presence of vegetation (growth in joints be- 2.4.5 tween blocks)?

Evidence of any other damage to joints 2.4.6 and/or waterstops?

Excessive seepage/sweating at any location 2.4.7 on downstream face?

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Sl. No. Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

Significant leakage at any location on down- 2.4.8 stream face?

2.4.9 Any other issues?

B2.5 Abutment Contacts

Any presence of leaks, springs or wet spots 2.5.1 in vicinity of abutment?

2.5.2 Any presence of cracking or settlement?

Profuse growth of weeds/grass/plants at 2.5.3 any location?

2.5.4 Any other issues?

C1 Gallery/Shaft and Drainage (Embankment)

C1.1 General Condition

Slushy condition or water logging immedi- 1.1.1 ately downstream of dam?

Any evidence of boiling in vicinity of dam 1.1.2 toe?

C1.2 Gallery/Shaft Condition

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Sl. No. Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

Any problems accessing or inspecting gal- 1.2.1 lery/shaft (obstruction)?

Any safety issues (inadequate handrails, 1.2.2 lighting or ventilation)?

Problems of inadequate drainage (slippery 1.2.3 stairs, water logging of gallery)?

Evidence of differential settlement (dis- 1.2.4 placed/offset/open joints)?

Excessive seepage/sweating at any location 1.2.5 along gallery/shaft?

Significant leakage at any location along 1.2.6 gallery/shaft?

1.2.7 Any other issues?

C1.3 Drain Condition

Is the flow in the drain unusually high or 1.3.1 low?

Any reduction/deterioration in the drain 1.3.2 section or slope?

Presence of debris or profuse growth of 1.3.3 weeds/bushes at any location?

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Sl. No. Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

Any other obstruction to the flow of the 1.3.4 drain?

Is the flow in the drain noticeably sporad- 1.3.5 ic/irregular?

Does the drainage water have high turbidity 1.3.6 (high sediment load)?

1.3.7 Any other issues?

C2 Gallery/Shaft and Drainage (Concrete/Masonry)

C2.1 General Condition

Slushy condition or water logging just 2.1.1 downstream of dam?

C2.2 Gallery/Shaft Condition

Any problems accessing or inspecting gal- 2.2.1 lery/shaft (obstruction)?

Any safety issues (inadequate handrails, 2.2.2 lighting or ventilation)?

Problems of inadequate drainage (slippery 2.2.3 stairs, water logging of gallery)?

2.2.4 Evidence of surface defects (honeycombing,

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Sl. No. Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

staining, stratification)?

Concrete/masonry deterioration (spalling, 2.2.5 leaching, disintegration)?

Presence of cracking (structural, thermal, 2.2.6 along joints)?

Evidence of differential settlement (dis- 2.2.7 placed/offset/open joints)?

Evidence of any other damage to joints 2.2.8 and/or waterstops?

Excessive seepage/sweating at any location 2.2.9 along gallery/shaft?

Significant leakage at any location along 2.2.10 gallery/shaft?

2.2.11 Any other issues?

C2.3 Drain Condition

Is the flow in the drain unusually high or 2.3.1 low?

Presence of calcium or other deposits in 2.3.2 drain?

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Sl. No. Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

Any other evidence of the drain being 2.3.3 blocked/having reduced section?

Is the flow in the drain noticeably sporad- 2.3.4 ic/irregular?

Does the drainage water have unusual color 2.3.5 (leachate)?

2.3.6 Any other issues?

D1 Spillway and Energy Dissipation Structure

1.1 Spillway

Any problems inspecting spillway (obstruct- 1.1.1 ed access, damaged catwalk)?

Any obstructions in or immediately down- 1.1.2 stream of the spillway?

Evidence of abrasion, cavitation or scour on 1.1.3 glacis (e.g. exposed reinforcement)?

1.1.4 Presence of displaced, offset or open joints?

Presence of cracking (structural, thermal, 1.1.5 along joints)?

1.1.6 Evidence of surface defects (honeycombing,

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Sl. No. Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

staining, stratification)?

Concrete/masonry deterioration (spalling, 1.1.7 leaching, disintegration)?

Presence of vegetation (growth in joints be- 1.1.8 tween blocks)?

Evidence of any other damage to joints 1.1.9 and/or water stops?

Excessive seepage/sweating at any location 1.1.10 on spillway glacis?

Significant leakage at any location on spill- 1.1.11 way glacis?

1.1.12 Any other issues?

D1.2 Energy Dissipation Structure

Any problems inspecting energy dissipation 1.2.1 structure?

Any obstructions in or immediately down- 1.2.2 stream of dissipation structure?

Evidence of abrasion, cavitation or scour on 1.2.3 dissipation structure?

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Sl. No. Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

1.2.4 Presence of displaced, offset or open joints?

Presence of cracking (structural, thermal, 1.2.5 along joints)?

Evidence of surface defects (honeycombing, 1.2.6 staining, stratification)?

Concrete/masonry deterioration (spalling, 1.2.7 leaching, disintegration)?

Presence of vegetation (growth in joints be- 1.2.8 tween blocks)?

Evidence of any other damage to joints 1.2.9 and/or waterstops?

Any problems with under-drainage (block- 1.2.10 age of open drain holes)?

1.2.11 Any other issues?

E1 Intake/Outlet and Water Conveyance Structure

E1.1 Intake/Outlet Structure

Any problems inspecting intake/outlet 1.1.1 structure (obstructed/unsafe access)?

1.1.2 Any obstructions in, upstream or down-

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Sl. No. Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

stream of intake/outlet structure?

Evidence of abrasion, cavitation or scour on 1.1.3 intake/outlet structure?

Any evidence of structural distress (dis- 1.1.4 placed/offset/open joints, cracking)?

Any evidence of surface defects and/or con- 1.1.5 crete/masonry deterioration?

1.1.6 Any other issues?

E1.2 Water Conveyance Structure

Any problems inspecting intake/outlet 1.2.1 structure (obstructed/unsafe access)?

Any obstructions in, upstream or down- 1.2.2 stream of water conveyance structure?

Evidence of abrasion, cavitation or scour on 1.2.3 structure?

Any evidence of structural distress (dis- 1.2.4 placed/offset/open joints, cracking)?

Any evidence of surface defects and/or ma- 1.2.5 terial deterioration?

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Sl. No. Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

Any evidence of seepage or leakage from wa- 1.2.6 ter conveyance structure?

1.2.7 Any other issues?

F1 Hydro-Mechanical Component and Turbine/Pump

F1.1 Gates, Stop Logs and Bulk Heads

Any problems inspecting gate/stop log/bulk 1.1.1 head (obstructed/unsafe access)?

Any issues with storage of equipment 1.1.2 (emergency stop logs, and gate leaves)?

Missing or inadequate spare parts (particu- 1.1.3 larly requiring regular replacement)?

Any deterioration of equipment (connecting 1.1.4 bolts, welds, surface, paint work?)

Any obstructions preventing or impairing 1.1.5 smooth operation?

Any problems with the rollers (not touching 1.1.6 tracks, inadequate lubrication)?

Any problems with the seals (damage, 1.1.7 weathering, gaps with bearing surface)?

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Sl. No. Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

1.1.8 Any other issues?

F1.2 Hoists, Cranes and Operating Mechanisms

Any problems inspecting 1.2.1 hoist/crane/operating mechanism?

Missing or inadequate spare parts (particu- 1.2.2 larly requiring regular replacement)?

Any deterioration of equipment (connecting 1.2.3 bolts, welds, surface, paint work?)

Any wear or damage to wire cables and other 1.2.4 moving parts?

Any obstructions preventing or impairing 1.2.5 smooth operation?

Missing or inadequate provision of back- 1.2.6 up/standby power supply?

Any health and safety concerns (e.g. lack of 1.2.7 "danger" sign during maintenance)?

1.2.8 Any other issues?

F1.3 Valves

1.3.1 Any problems inspecting valve?

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Sl. No. Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

Any obstructions preventing or impairing 1.3.2 smooth operation?

Any deterioration of valve and associated 1.3.3 equipment?

1.3.4 Any other issues?

F1.4 Trash Racks

1.4.1 Any problems inspecting trash rack?

Problems of excessive debris and/or inade- 1.4.2 quate cleaning?

Any deterioration of trash rack (rust, corro- 1.4.3 sion, and damaged blades)?

1.4.4 Any other issues?

F1.5 Trash Rack Cleaning Machines

Any problems inspecting trash rack cleaning 1.5.1 machine?

Missing or inadequate spare parts (particu- 1.5.2 larly requiring regular replacement)?

Any deterioration of equipment (connecting 1.5.3 bolts, welds, surface, paint work?)

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Sl. No. Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

Any wear or damage to wire cables and other 1.5.4 moving parts?

Any obstructions preventing or impairing 1.5.5 smooth operation?

Missing or inadequate provision of back- 1.5.6 up/standby power supply?

Any health and safety concerns (e.g. lack of 1.5.7 "danger" sign during maintenance)?

1.5.8 Any other issues?

F1.6 Turbines

1.6.1 Any problems inspecting turbine?

Any obstructions preventing or impairing 1.6.2 smooth operation?

Any deterioration of turbine, blades and as- 1.6.3 sociated equipment?

1.6.4 Any other issues?

F1.7 Pumps

1.7.1 Any problems inspecting pump?

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Sl. No. Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

Any obstructions preventing or impairing 1.7.2 smooth operation?

Any deterioration of pump and associated 1.7.3 equipment?

1.7.4 Any other issues?

G1 Access Road

G1.1 General Condition

Any problems ensuring security of dam site 1.1.1 (including gates and fencing)?

Any obstructions along or at entrance to ac- 1.1.2 cess road (temporary or long-term)?

Any slope stability issues (road embankment 1.1.3 or adjacent slopes)?

Profuse growth of weeds/grass on or in vi- 1.1.4 cinity of access road?

Any drainage problems (standing water on 1.1.5 or adjacent to road)?

Any other degradation to road surface (ruts, 1.1.6 potholes, cavities, cracking)?

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Sl. No. Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

1.1.7 Any other issues?

H1 Instrumentation

H1.1 General Condition

Any problems inspecting instrument (ob- 1.1.1 structed/unsafe access)?

Is the instrument vulnerable to damage or 1.1.2 theft (inadequate protection)?

Any problems ensuring correct functioning 1.1.3 of instrument (lighting, ventilation)?

Any evidence of degradation to condition of 1.1.4 instrument (rusting, vandalism)?

Any evidence of instrument not working 1.1.5 (decommissioned, broken)?

1.1.6 Any other issues?

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Sl. No. Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

I1 Other Appurtenant Structures (Flexi-Component)

I1.1 Bridges and Catwalks

Any problems inspecting bridge or catwalk 1.1.1 (obstructed/unsafe access)?

Any security issues relating to unauthorized 1.1.2 access (e.g. for gate operation)?

Are the decking, girders and supports struc- 1.1.3 turally sound?

Any evidence of defects or deterioration of 1.1.4 steel, concrete or paint work?

1.1.5 Any other issues?

I1.2 Guide Walls

Any problems inspecting guide wall (ob- 1.2.1 structed/unsafe access)?

Any problem with drainage from behind wall 1.2.2 (e.g. blocked weep holes)?

Any evidence of scour, foundation erosion or 1.2.3 undercutting?

1.2.4 Any signs of differential settlement, cracking

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Sl. No. Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

or tilting?

1.2.5 Any other issues?

I1.3 Miscellaneous

1.3.1 Any other issues? (please specify part)

J1 Emergency Preparedness

J1.1 Emergency Action Plan

Is the Emergency Action Plan (EAP) still 1.1.1 pending, inadequate or outdated?

If not, are any dam staff unaware or insuffi- 1.1.2 ciently conversant with the EAP?

Any concerned authorities unaware or insuf- 1.1.3 ficiently conversant with the EAP?

Do the communication directories/contact 1.1.4 details require updating?

Any problems accessing or operating the 1.1.5 communication/warning system?

1.1.6 Any other issues?

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Sl. No. Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

aRespond either yes (Y), no (N) or not applicable (NA). bCondition: Please rate the condition as either Satisfactory, Fair, Poor or Unsatisfactory as described below: 1. Satisfactory - No existing or potential dam safety deficiencies are recognized. Acceptable performance is expected under all loading conditions (static, hydrologic, seismic) in accordance with the applicable regulatory criteria or tolerable risk guidelines. 2. Fair - No existing dam safety deficiencies are recognized for normal loading conditions. Rare or extreme hydrologic and/or seismic events may result in a dam safety deficiency. Risk may be in the range to take further action. 3. Poor - A dam safety deficiency is recognized for loading conditions which may realistically occur. Remedial action is necessary. Poor may also be used when uncertainties exist as to critical analysis parameters which identify a potential dam safety deficiency. Further investigations and studies are necessary. 4. Unsatisfactory - A dam safety deficiency is recognized that requires immediate or emergency remedial action for problem resolu- tion.

Part 2b – Consolidated Dam Health Status Report: Sl. Observations/Significant Remedial Measures Suggested Categorya No. Deficiencies Noticed 1

aCategory I – deficiencies which may lead to failure; Category II – major deficiencies requiring prompt remedial measures; Category III – minor remedial measures which are rectifiable during the year

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APPENDIX – 8 : GLOSSARY

Dam – any artificial barrier including appur- Erosion in the near vicinity, up to five hun- tenant works constructed across rivers or dred meters, downstream of the spillway, tributaries thereof with a view to impound waste weir, etc.; and or divert water; includes barrage, weir and Any other event that prudence suggests similar water impounding structures but would have a significant unfavorable impact does not include water conveyance struc- on dam safety. tures such as canal, aqueduct and navigation channel and flow regulation structures such Dam inspection – on-site visual examina- as flood embankments, dikes, and guide tion of all components of dam and its ap- bunds. purtenances by one or more persons trained in this respect and includes investigation of Dam failure – failures in the structures or the non-overflow portion, spillways, abut- operation of a dam which may lead to the ments, stilling basin, piers, bridge, down- uncontrolled release of impounded water stream toe, drainage galleries, operation of resulting in downstream flooding affecting mechanical systems (including gates and its the life and property of the people. components, drive units, cranes), interior of Dam incident – all problems occurring to a outlet conduits, instrumentation records, dam that has not degraded into ‘dam failure’ and record-keeping arrangements. and including the following: Dam owner – the Central Government or a Structural damage to the dam and appurte- State Government or public sector under- nant works; taking or local authority or company and Unusual readings of instruments in the dam; any or all of such persons or organizations, who own, control, operate or maintain a Unusual seepage or leakage through the dam specified dam. body; Dam safety – the practice of ensuring the Change in the seepage or leakage regime; integrity and viability of dams such that they Boiling or artesian conditions noticed below do not present unacceptable risks to the an earth dam; public, property, and the environment. It requires the collective application of engi- Stoppage or reduction in seepage or leakage neering principles and experience, and a phi- from the foundation or body of the dam losophy of risk management that recognizes into any of the galleries, for dams with such that a dam is a structure whose safe function galleries; is not explicitly determined by its original Malfunctioning or inappropriate operation design and construction. It also includes all of gates; actions taken to identify or predict deficien- Occurrence of any flood, the peak of which cies and consequences related to failure, and exceeds the available flood discharge capaci- to document, publicize, and reduce, elimi- ty or 70% of the approved design flood; nate, or remediate to the extent reasonably possible, any unacceptable risks. Occurrence of a flood, which resulted in encroachment on the available freeboard, or the adopted design freeboard;

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Decommission― Taking a dam out of ser- management of vegetation, the repair or re- vice in an environmentally sound and safe placement of failed components, the pre- manner or converting it to another purpose. vention or treatment of deterioration, and Design life― the intended period that the the repair of damages caused by flooding or dam will function successfully with only vandalism. routine maintenance; determined during de- Operation― the administration, manage- sign phase. ment, and performance of maintenance ac- Distress condition – the occurrence or po- tivities necessary to keep a dam safe and tential development of such conditions in functioning as planned. the dam or appurtenance or its reservoir or Program ― any authorized activity used to reservoir rim, which if left unattended to, implement and carry out goals, actions, and may impede the safe operation of dam for objectives contained within the authorizing its intended benefits or may pose unac- legislation. ceptable risks to the life and property of Program Life― the period in a contract, people downstream. conservation plan, or plan during which the Documentation – all permanent records conservation practice or conservation sys- concerning investigation, design, construc- tem shall be maintained and used for the tion, operation, performance, maintenance intended purpose; determined by program and safety of dams and includes design requirements. memorandum, construction drawings, geo- Rehabilitation― the completion of all logical reports, reports of specialized studies work necessary to extend the service life of simulating structural and hydraulic response the practice or component and meet appli- of the dam, changes made in design and cable safety and performance standards. drawings, quality control records, emergency action plan, operation and maintenance Repair― actions to restore deteriorated, manual, instrumentation readings, inspec- damaged, or failed dam or its component to tion and testing reports, operational reports, an acceptable by meeting functional condi- and dam safety review reports; tion. Emergency Action Plan(EAP) ― a plan Replacement― the removal of a structure of action to be taken to reduce the potential or component and installation of a similar, for damage to property and loss of life in functional structure or component. the area affected by failure of a dam or other Service Life― the actual period after con- potentially hazardous practice. struction of a dam, during which the prac- Hazard Classification ― a system that cat- tice functions adequately and safely with egorizes dams according to the degree of only routine maintenance; determined by adverse incremental consequences of a fail- on-site review. ure or improper operation of the dam. CWC Abutment―that part of a valley side against classifies dam hazards as “low”, “signifi- which a dam is constructed. Right and left cant”, or “high”. abutments are those on respective sides of Maintenance― the recurring activities nec- the of an observer looking downstream. essary to retain or restore a dam in a safe Air-Vent Pipe―a pipe designed to provide and functioning condition, including the air to the outlet conduit to reduce turbu-

Doc. No. CDSO_O&M_KA06MH093_Hattikuni Dam_v2.0 Page 139 O&M Manual for Hattikuni Dam January-2020 lence during release of water and safeguard Consolidation Grouting (Blanket Grout- against damages due to cavitation. ing)―the injection of grout to consolidate a Appurtenant Structures―ancillary features layer of the foundation, resulting in greater of a dam, such as the outlet, spillway, energy impermeability, strength, or both. dissipation arrangement powerhouse, tun- Construction Joint―the interface between nels, etc. two successive placings or pours of concrete Arch Dam―a concrete or masonry dam where a bond, not permanent separation, is that is curved to transmit the major part of intended. the water pressure to the abutments. Core Wall―a wall built of impervious mate- Backwater Curve―the longitudinal profile rial, usually concrete or asphaltic concrete, of the water surface in an open channel in the body of an embankment dam to pre- where the depth of flow has been increased vent leakage. by an obstruction, an increase in channel Crest Length―the length of the dam at its roughness, a decrease in channel width, or a crest (dam top) top of a dam, including the flattening of the bed slope. length of the spillway, powerhouse, naviga- Base Width (Base Thickness) ―the max- tion lock, fish pass, etc., where these struc- imum width or thickness of a dam measured tures form part of the length of a dam. If horizontally between upstream and down- detached from a dam, these structures stream faces and normal (perpendicular) to should not be included. the axis of the dam but excluding projec- Crest of dam―Used to indicate the “top of tions for outlets, etc. dam”. To avoid confusion to indicate the Berm―a horizontal step or bench in the crest of spillway and top of dam may be sloping profile of an embankment dam. used. Upstream Blanket―an impervious layer Culvert―a drain or waterway built under a placed on the reservoir floor upstream of a road, railway, or embankment, usually con- dam. In case of an embankment dam, the sisting of a pipe or covered conduits blanket may be connected to the impermea- Cutoff―an impervious construction or ma- ble element in a dam. terial which reduces seepage through the Buttress dam―a dam consisting of a water- foundation material. tight upstream face supported at intervals Cutoff trench―an excavation later to be on the downstream side by a series of but- filled with impervious material to form a tresses. cutoff. Cofferdam―a temporary structure enclos- Cutoff wall―a wall of impervious material ing all or part of a construction area so that (e.g., concrete, asphaltic concrete, steel-sheet construction can proceed in a dry area. piling) built into the foundation to reduce Concrete Lift―in concrete works the verti- seepage under the dam. cal distance between successive horizontal Dead storage―the storage that lies below construction joints. the invert of the lowest outlet and that, Conduit Outlet Works―a closed conduit therefore, cannot be withdrawn from the for conveying discharge through or under a reservoir. dam for different project purposes. Design flood―see spillway design flood.

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Diaphragm―see membrane. Embankment dam (Fill dam) ― any dam Dike (Levee)―a long low embankment constructed of excavated natural materials. whose height is usually less than 5 m and Earth dam (Earth fill dam)―An em- whose length is more than 10 times the bankment dam in which more than 50 per- maximum height. Usually applied to em- cent of the total volume is formed of com- bankments or structures built to protect pacted fine-grained material obtained from a land from flooding. If built of concrete or borrow area. masonry, the structure is usually referred to Homogeneous earth fill dam― an em- as a flood wall. Also, used to describe embankment dam constructed of similar earth bankments that block areas on a reservoir material throughout, except internal drains rim that are lower than the top of the main or drainage blankets; distinguished from a dam and that are quite long. In the Missis- zoned earth fill dam. sippi River basin, where the old French word levee has survived, the term now ap- Hydraulic fill dam―an embankment dam plies to flood-protecting embankments constructed of materials, often dredged, that whose height can average up to 15 m. are conveyed and placed by suspension in flowing water. Diversion channel, canal, or tunnel―a water way used to divert water from its nat- Rock fill dam―an embankment dam in ural course. These terms are generally ap- which more than 50 percent of the total plied to temporary structures such as those volume comprises compacted or dumped designed to bypass water around a dam site pervious natural or crushed rock. during construction. “Channel’ is normally Rolled fill dam―an embankment dam of used instead of “canal” when the waterway earth or rock in which the material is placed is short. Occasionally these terms are ap- in layers and compacted using rollers or roll- plied to permanent structures. ing equipment. Drainage area―an area that drains natural- Zoned embankment dam―an embank- ly to a point on a river. ment dam composed of zones of materials Drainage layer or blanket―a layer of per- selected for different degrees of porosity, meable material in a dam to relieve pore permeability and density. pressure or to facilitate drainage of fill. Emergency spillway―see spillway. Relief well―vertical wells or boreholes, Face―the external surface of a structure, constructed downstream of an embankment e.g., the surface of a wall of a dam. dam to relieve the pressure from confined Failure―the uncontrolled release of water pervious layers in foundation over laid by an from a dam. impervious layer to arrest boiling. Filter (filter zone)―A band or zone of Drawdown―the lowering of water surface granular material that is incorporated into a level due to release of water from a reser- dam and is graded (either naturally or by voir. selection) to allow seepage to flow across or Earthen dam or earth filled dam―see down the filter without causing the migra- embankment dam. tion of material from zones adjacent to it.

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Flashboards―a length of timber, concrete, Gallery―(a) a passageway within the body or steel placed on the crest of a spillway to of a dam or abutment, hence the terms raise the retention water level but that may grouting gallery, inspection gallery and be quickly removed in the event of a flood, drainage gallery (b) a long and rather narrow either by a tripping device or by deliberately hall, hence the following terms for a power designed failure of the flashboard or its plant viz.valve gallery, transformer gallery supports. and bus bar gallery. Floodplain―an area adjoining a body of Gate―a device in which a leaf or member is water or natural stream that has been, or moved across the waterway from an external may be, covered by flood water. position to control or stop the flow. Floodplain management―a management Bulkhead gate―a gate used either for tem- program to reduce the consequences of porary closure of a channel or conduit to flooding, either by natural runoff or by dam empty it for inspection or maintenance or failure, to existing and future properties in a for closure against flowing water when the floodplain. head difference is small, e.g., for diversion Flood routing―the determination of the tunnel closure. Although a bulkhead gate is attenuating effect of storage on a flood pass- usually opened and closed under nearly bal- ing through a valley, channel, or reservoir. anced pressures, it nevertheless may be capable of withstanding a high pressure differ- Flood surcharge―the volume or space in a ential when in the closed position. reservoir between the controlled retention water level (Full Reservoir Level) and the Crest gate (spillway gate) ―a gate on the maximum water level. Flood surcharge can- crest of a spillway to control overflow or not be retained in the reservoir but will flow reservoir water level. over the spillway until the controlled reten- Emergency gate―a standby or reserve gate tion water level is reached. which is lowers only for repairing / servic- Flood wall―a concrete wall constructed ing of the service gate. adjacent to a stream to prevent flooding of Fixed wheel gate (fixed-roller gate, property on the landward side of the wall, fixed-axle gate)―a gate having wheels or normally constructed in lieu of or to sup- rollers mounted on the end posts of the plement a levee where the land required for gate. The wheels move against rails fixed in levee construction is expensive or not avail- side grooves or gate guides. able. Flap gate―a gate hinged along one edge, Foundation of dam―the natural material usually either the top or bottom edge. Ex- on which the dam structure is placed. amples of bottom-hinged flap gates are tilt- Freeboard―the vertical distance between a ing gates and belly gates, so called due to stated reservoir level and the top of a dam. their shape in cross-section. Normal freeboard is the vertical distance Flood gate―a gate to control flood release between Full Reservoir Level (FRL) and the from a reservoir. top of the dam. Minimum freeboard is the Guard gate(guard valve)―a gate or valve vertical distance between the Maximum Wa- that operates fully open or closed. It may ter Level (MWL) and the top of the dam. function as a secondary device for shutting

Doc. No. CDSO_O&M_KA06MH093_Hattikuni Dam_v2.0 Page 142 O&M Manual for Hattikuni Dam January-2020 off the flow of water in case the primary scribes; hence a flood hydrograph is the pas- closure device becomes inoperable but is sage of a flood discharge past the observa- usually operated under conditions of bal- tion point.) anced pressure and no flow. Inclinometer―an instrument, usually con- Outlet gate―a gate controlling the outflow sisting of a metal or plastic tube inserted in a of water from a reservoir. drill hole and a sensitized monitor either Radial gate (Tainter gate)―a gate with a lowered into the tube or fixed within it. The curved upstream plate and radial arms monitor measures at different points the hinged to piers or other supporting struc- tube’s inclination to the vertical. By integra- tures. tion, the lateral position at various levels of the tube may be found relative to a point, Service/Regulating gate (regulating usually the top or bottom of the tube, as- valve) ―a gate or valve that operates under sumed to be fixed. The system may be used full pressure and flow to throttle and vary to measure settlement. the rate of discharge. Intake―any structure in a reservoir, dam, or Slide gate (sluice gate)―a gate that can be river through which water can be drawn into opened or closed by sliding it in supporting an aqueduct. guides. Internal Erosion―see piping. Gravity dam―a dam constructed of concrete, masonry, or both that relies on its Inundation map―a map delineating the weight for stability. area that would be inundated in case of a failure. Grout cap―a pad or wall constructed to facilitate pressure grouting of the grout cur- Leakage―Uncontrolled loss of water by tain beneath it. flow through a hole or crack. Grout curtain (grout cutoff)―a barrier Lining― a coating of asphaltic concrete, produced by injecting grout into a vertical reinforced or unreinforced concrete, shot- zone, usually narrow horizontally, in the crete, rubber or plastic on a canal, tunnel foundation to reduce seepage under a dam. etc. to provide water tightness, prevent erosion, reduce friction, or support the periph- Height above lowest foundation―the ery of structure. May also refer to lining, maximum height from the lowest point of such as steel or concrete, of outlet pipe or the general foundation to the top of the conduit. dam. Low-level outlet (bottom outlet) ―an Hydraulic height―the height to which wa- opening at a low level from a reservoir gen- ter rises behind a dam and the difference erally used for emptying or for scouring sed- between the lowest point in the original iment and sometimes for irrigation releases. stream bed at the axis of the dam and the maximum controllable water surface. Masonry dam―a dam constructed mainly of stone, brick, or concrete blocks that may Hydrograph―a graphic representation of or may not be joined with mortar. A dam discharge, stage, or other hydraulic property having only a masonry facing should not be with respect to time for a point on a stream. referred to as a masonry dam. (At times the term is applied to the phe- nomenon the graphic representation de-

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Maximum cross-section of dam―a cross- Pervious Zone―a part of the cross-section section of a dam at the point of its maxi- of an embankment dam comprising material mum height. of high permeability. Maximum water level―the maximum wa- Phreatic Surface―the top most flow line in ter level, including flood surcharge, the dam an embankment dam. is designed to withstand. Piezometer―an instrument for measuring Membrane (Diaphragm) ―a sheet or thin pore water pressure within soil, rock, or zone or facing made of a flexible material, concrete. sometimes referred to as a diaphragm wall Piping―the progressive development of or diaphragm. internal erosion by seepage, appearing Minimum operating level―the lowest lev- downstream as a hole or seam discharging el to which the reservoir is drawn down un- water that contains soil particles. der normal operating conditions. Pore Pressure―the interstitial pressure of Morning glory spillway―see spillway. water within a mass of soil, rock, or con- Full Reservoir Level (FRL)/Normal wa- crete. ter level―for a reservoir with un-gated Pressure Cell―an instrument for measuring spillway it is the spillway crest level. For a pressure within a mass of soil, rock, or con- reservoir, whose outflow is controlled whol- crete or at an interface between one and the ly or partly by movable gates, siphons or other. other means, it is the maximum level to Pressure Relief Pipes―Pipes used to re- which water can be stored under normal lieve uplift or pore water pressure in a dam’s operating conditions, exclusive of any provi- foundation or structure. sion for flood surcharge. Probable Maximum Flood (PMF)―a One-Hundred Year (100-Year) Exceed- flood that would result from the most se- ance Interval― the flood magnitude ex- vere combination of critical meteorological pected to be equaled or exceeded on the and hydrologic conditions possible in the average of once in 100 years. It may also be region. expressed as an exceedance frequency, i.e. a percent chance of being exceeded in any Probable Maximum Precipitation given year. (PMP)―the maximum amount and dura- tion of precipitation that can be expected to Outlet―an opening through which water occur on a drainage basin. can be freely discharged from a reservoir. Pumped storage reservoir―a reservoir Overflow dam―a dam designed to be over- filled entirely or mainly with water pumped topped. from outside its natural drainage area. Parapet Wall―a solid wall built along the Regulating dam―a dam impounding a res- top of a dam for ornament, for the safety of ervoir from which water is released to regu- vehicles and pedestrians, or to prevent over- late topping. Reservoir area―the surface area of a reser- Peak Flow―the maximum instantaneous voir when filled to controlled retention lev- discharge that occurs during a flood. It co- el. incides with the peak of a flood hydrograph.

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Reservoir routing―the computation by is used in English for any inclination and is which the interrelated effects of the inflow expressed as a percentage when the slope is hydrograph, reservoir storage, and discharge gentle, in which case the term gradient is from the reservoir are evaluated. also used. Reservoir surface―the surface of a reser- Slope Protection―the protection of a slope voir at any level. against wave action or erosion. Riprap―a layer of large stones, broken Sluiceway―see low-level outlet. rock, or precast blocks placed randomly on Spillway―a structure over or through the upstream slope of an embankment dam, which flood flows are discharged. If the on a reservoir shore, or on the sides of a flow is controlled by gates, it is a controlled channel as a protection against wave action. spillway; if the elevation of the spillway crest Large riprap is sometimes referred to as ar- is the only control, it is an uncontrolled moring. spillway. Risk assessment―as applied to dam safety, Auxiliary Spillway (Emergency Spill- the process of identifying the likelihood and way)―a secondary spillway designed to op- consequences of dam failure to provide the erate only during exceptionally large floods. basis for informed decisions on a course of action. Fuse-Plug Spillway―an auxiliary or emergency spillway comprising a low embank- Rock fill Dam―see embankment dam. ment or a natural saddle designed to be Roll Crete or Roller-Compacted Concrete-A overtopped and eroded away during a rare no-slump concrete that can be hauled in and exceptionally large flood. dump trucks, spread with a bulldozer or Primary Spillway (Principal Spill- grader, and compacted with a vibratory roll- way)―the principal or first-used spillway er. during flood flows. Seepage―the interstitial movement of wa- Shaft Spillway (Morning Glory Spill- ter that may take place through a dam, its way)―a vertical or inclined shaft into which foundation, or its abutments. flood water spills and then is conducted Sill―(a) A submerged structure across a riv- through, under, or around a dam by means er to control the water level upstream. (b) of a conduit or tunnel. If the upper part of The crest of a spillway. (c) A horizontal gate the shaft is splayed out and terminates in a seating, made of wood, stone, concrete or circular horizontal weir, it is termed a “bell metal at the invert of any opening or gap in mouth” or “morning glory” spillway. a structure, hence the expressions gate sill Side Channel Spillway―a spillway whose and stop log sill. crest is roughly parallel to the channel im- Slope―(a) the side of a hill or mountain. (b) mediately downstream of the spillway. The inclined face of a cutting or canal or Siphon Spillway―a spillway with one or embankment. (c) Inclination from the hori- more siphons built at crest level. This type zontal. In the United States, it is measured of spillway is sometimes used for providing as the ratio of the number of units of hori- automatic surface-level regulation within zontal distance to the number of corre- narrow limits or when considerable dis- sponding units of vertical distance. The term

Doc. No. CDSO_O&M_KA06MH093_Hattikuni Dam_v2.0 Page 145 O&M Manual for Hattikuni Dam January-2020 charge capacity is necessary within a short used for gravity and arch dams, “width” for period. other dams. Spillway Channel (Spillway Tunnel)― a Transition Zone (Semi-pervious channel or tunnel conveying water from the Zone)―a part of the cross-section of a spillway to the river downstream. zoned embankment dam comprising materi- Stilling Basin―a basin constructed to dis- al of intermediate size between that of an sipate the energy of fast-flowing water, e.g., impervious zone and that of a permeable from a spillway or bottom outlet, and to zone. protect the river bed from erosion. Trash rack―a screen located at an intake to Stop logs―large logs or timber or steel prevent the ingress of debris. beams placed on top of each other with Tunnel―a long underground excavation their ends held in guides on each side of a usually having a uniform cross-section. channel or conduit providing a cheaper or Types of tunnel include: headrace tunnel, easily handled temporary closure than a pressure tunnel, collecting tunnel, diversion bulkhead gate. tunnel, power tunnel, tailrace tunnel, naviga- Storage―the retention of water or delay of tion tunnel, access tunnel, scour tunnel, runoff either by planned operation, as in a draw-off tunnel, and spillway tunnel. reservoir, or by temporary filling of over- Under seepage―the interstitial movement flow areas, as in the progression of a flood of water through a foundation. crest through a natural stream channel. Uplift―the upward pressure in the pores of Tailrace―the tunnel, channel or conduit a material (interstitial pressure) or on the that conveys the discharge from the turbine base of a structure. to the river, hence the terms tailrace tunnel Upstream Blanket―see blanket. and tailrace canal. Valve―a device fitted to a pipeline or orifice Tail water Level―the level of water in the in which the closure member is either rotat- tailrace at the nearest free surface to the tur- ed or moved transversely or longitudinally in bine or in the discharge channel immediately the waterway to control or stop the flow. downstream of the dam. Water stop―a strip of metal, rubber or oth- Toe of Dam―the junction of the down- er material used to prevent leakage through stream face of a dam with the ground sur- joints between adjacent sections of concrete. face, referred to as the downstream toe. For an embankment dam the junction of up- Weir―(a) a low dam or wall built across a stream face with ground surface is called the stream to raise the upstream water level, upstream toe. called fixed-crest weir when uncontrolled. (b) A structure built across a stream or Top of Dam―the elevation of the upper- channel for measuring flow, sometimes most surface of a dam, usually a road or called a measuring weir or gauging weir. walkway, excluding any parapet wall, rail- Types of weir include broad-crested weir, ings, etc. sharp-crested weir, drowned weir, and sub- Top Thickness (Top Width)―the thick- merged weir. ness or width of a dam at the level of the top of the dam. In general, “thickness” is

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Central Dam Safety Organization Central Water Commission

Vision To remain as a premier organization with best technical and managerial expertise for providing advisory services on matters relating to dam safety. Mission To provide expert services to State Dam Safety Organizations, dam owners, dam operating agencies and others concerned for ensuring safe functioning of dams with a view to protect human life, property and the environment. Values Integrity: Act with integrity and honesty in all our actions and practices. Commitment: Ensure good working conditions for employees and encour- age professional excellence. Transparency: Ensure clear, accurate and complete information in commu- nications with stakeholders and take all decisions openly based on reliable information. Quality of service: Provide state-of-the-art technical and managerial services within agreed time frame. Striving towards excellence: Promote continual improvement as an integral part of our working and strive towards excellence in all our endeavours.

Quality Policy We provide technical and managerial assistance to dam owners and State Dam Safety Organizations for proper surveillance, inspection, operation and maintenance of all dams and appurtenant works in India to ensure safe functioning of dams and protecting human life, property and the environment. We develop and nurture competent manpower and equip ourselves with state of the art technical infrastructure to provide expert services to all stakeholders. We continually improve our systems, processes and services to ensure satisfac- tion of our customers.

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