Recent Advances in Arthroplasty © All rights are reserved by Ingo Schmidt.

Letter to Editor ISSN: 2576-6716 All surgeons who are planning a Total Arthroplasty with the MaestroTM implants should be aware

Ingo Schmidt Medical center in Wutha-Farnroda, Germany.

Keywords: Pancarpal Wrist Joint Osteoarthritis; Total Wrist Arthroplasty; Total Wrist Fusion Abbreviations: PCWJOA: Pancarpal Wrist Joint Osteoarthritis; TWA: Total Wrist Arthroplasty; WRS: Wrist Reconstructive System; CoCr: Cobalt-Chromium; TWF: Total Wrist Fusion; THA: Total Arthroplasty; PE: Polyethylene; FDA: US Food and Drug Administration; PPO: Periprosthetic Osteolysis.

Case Presentation with its first clinical consequences resulti- of total wrist arthroplasty for patients who are willing to accept ng from the withdrawal of both MaestroTM implants from somewhat greater risks for the benefit of improved function”. Recently, the marketplace implant survival with the new 3rd generation TWAs is reported to be 90-100% at 5 years in most series, but it declines from 5 to 8 years [3]. A 49-year-old male with low-demand claims in his activities Recent evidence suggests as well that the complication rate of all 3rd of daily living, initially presented with a long-standing history of generation TWAs is significantly lower (p=0.002) than older right post-traumatic pancarpal wrist joint osteoarthritis (PCWJOA), generation types (range 0.1-2.9% vs.0.2-8.1%) [4]. However, it must sustained primarily a total wrist arthroplasty (TWA) utilizing the be exclusively noted that all surgeons who are performing a TWA non-cemented resurfacing Re-MotionTM total wrist (Stryker Corpo- need a learning curve for realization of correct insertion of an implant ration, Kalamazoo, Michigan/USA) in 2012. Due to loosening of [5, 6]. the carpal plate, an exchange TWA utilizing the non-cemented locking MaestroTM Wrist Reconstructive System (WRS, Zimmer The non-locking MaestroTM Total Wrist (Zimmer Biomet Biomet Holdings Inc.,Warsaw, Indiana/USA) with an intercalated Holdings Inc., Warsaw, Indiana/USA), developed in 2002 by cobalt-chromium (CoCr) head size +4 became necessary seco- Strickland / Palmer / Graham, available in Europe since 2005 and ndarily in December 2017. Both procedures were done by a first published with encouraging results by Dellacqua in 2009 [7], is colleague from another institution. The further course was eventful, one of the new 3rd generation TWA that is currently in use worldwide [3, 4, 8-10]. The design of the implant has 3 essential differences as the patient reported about atraumatic dislocations of implant TM several times a day (starting in January 2018) that were always compared to the other 3rd generation types (Re-Motion , closed reducted by himself. At first presentation in our hospital, Universal 2): (1) the design resembles a total hiparthroplasty (THA) static and dynamic (i.e. pulling the wrist longitudinally by the in which a metal head articulates in an ultra-high molecular weight examiner) radiographs revealed instability of implant, and a broken polyethylene(PE) cup; (2) the titanium alloy radial stem is to be radial variable locking screw of carpal plate with migration of the inserted pressfit into the radial diaphysis primarily without the need head of screw into the articular space (Figure 1A-B). It had to be of cementation; and (3) the concave to distal shaped carpal plates are recommended on our part to perform a total wrist fusion (TWF), available without or with various scaphoid augments that provides a and that was done again by the colleague from the another sufficient support of the carpal plate with it titanium alloy capitate institution who has made the 2 previously performed procedures. peg onto the base of the trapez/trapezoid bones even in cases when the scaphoid bone is removed that is associated with the advantage TWA is the motion-preserving alternative to TWF for trea- that bone grafting between the surrounding carpal bones is tment of rheumatoid or non-rheumatoid PCWJOA in patients with exclusively not required (Figure 2A-B). The MaestroTM WRS is the low-demand claims in their activities of daily living. Recent further development of the implant. It has 2 changes as compared to evidence of the National Inpatient Sample database (USA) suggests the MaestroTM Total Wrist: (1) the carpal plate is inserted with fixed that the complication rate utilizing the new anatomic-biaxial 3rd or variable locking screws that should reduce the shear forces at the generation TWAs with 10% does not differ significantly to those implant-bone interface (Figure 2B), and in order to avoid backing out with 7% in patients undergoing a TWF [1], and Herzberg and Adams of a non-locking screw (if it would be loosened) into the articulating [2] noted in 2012: “The future appears positive for greater adoption components’ space potentially leading to PE wear or fracture; and (2) the intercalated CoCr carpal heads are set up externally onto the cone of the previously inserted carpal plate where as the carpal heads of the MaestroTM Total Wrist are screwed onto the carpal plate over the *Corresponding author: Dr. Ingo Schmidt, Med. Versorgungszentrum Bad Salzungen GmbH (Betriebsstätte Wutha-Farnroda), Lindigallee 3, 36433 Bad capitate peg before its insertion. This new feature allows an exchange Salzungen, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] of the carpal heads such as required in case of instability without the need for revision of the entire carpal plate (Figure 2C) [11, 12]. Noted Received: October 24, 2018; Accepted: October 29, 2018; Published: October 31, 2018 that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2009 reported 1

Recent Adv Arthroplast, 2018 Volume 2(2): 69 - 74 Ingo S. All surgeons who are planning a Total Wrist Arthroplasty with the MaestroTM implants should be aware. Recent Adv Arthroplast. 2018; 2(2): 69-74

Figure 1 (Case Presentation): (A) Posterior-anterior and lateral radiographs of the right wrist with the non-cemented MaestroTM WRS under static conditions showing in contrast to Figure 3B abnormal angulation (i.e. Figure 2 (Design and features of both MaestroTM types [11, 12]): (A) breakthrough) of the radial variable locking screw inside the scaphoid Radiographs of a patient’s right wrist in both planes demonstrating correctly augment of carpal plate (red lines) whereas the ulnar variable locking screw positioned MaestroTM WRS utilizing a carpal plate with a scaphoid augment (crossing the 4th carpometacarpal joint that suggests too large carpal resection after removal of the entire scaphoid bone (white arrow). The carpal plate is as well, in contrast to Figure 3B) showing correct placement without fixed with a variable locking titanium screw into the 2nd metacarpal bone and its breakthrough (black lines), and the head ofthe broken screw migrates into a fixed locking titanium screw into the hamate bone. The polished titanium the articular space. Note that the articular space is not widened (light blue alloy radial stem is press-fit inserted into the radial diaphysis (yellow arrows) lines). For alignment of implant, the longest available intercalated CoCr head that does not require cementation. Note the concave to distal shaped design of size +4 was inserted. There are marked arthritic changes at the distal the carpal plate. Also note that for positioning of the radial body of radial radioulnar joint, but in the absence of any clinical symptoms. (B) Posterior- component a relatively deep bony resection into the distal radial metaphysis is anterior and lateral radio-graphs of the right wrist under dynamic necessary (i.e. non-resurfacing type). (B) Clinical photographs demonstrating conditions (same patient) showing pronounced widening of the articular the MaestroTM WRS utilizing capal plates with (white arrow) and without space (i.e. instability, light blue pointed lines and yellow arrows, the distal (yellow arrow) scaphoid augments. Note the concave to distal shaped design light blue pointed line in the lateral plane demonstrating exclusively the of carpal plate. The undersurface is coated with a thick titanium spray supernatant of the intercalated CoCr head over the volar and dorsal edges of (Macrobond). Note the green colored variable locking screw and the blue the radial component as advice for possible dislocation when moving the colored fixed locking screw that is the first change in comparison to the wrist) in comparison to the static conditions presented in Figure 1A. primary MaestroTM Total Wrist which had non-locking screws only. (C) Clinical photograph demonstrating the MaestroTM WRS after insertion of its case of backing out of a non-locking screw of the non-locking carpal plate and radial component. Note that the intercalated CoCr carpal MaestroTM Total Wrist (inserted 2005 in this case) that required a heads are set up externally onto the cone of the previously inserted carpal TM conversion to a TWF [13]. Noted as well that for insertion of the plate that is the second change in comparison to the primary Maestro Total Wrist (here the carpal heads are screwed onto the carpal plate over the radial component of both MaestroTM types a relatively deep bony capitate peg before its insertion that does not more allow its exchange in case resection into the distal radial metaphysisis required for placement its of a dislocation without revision of the entire carpal plate). radial bodies (i.e. non-resurfacing type) (Figure 2A, Figure 3B).

Recent Adv Arthroplast, 2018 Volume 2(2): 70 - 74 Ingo S. All surgeons who are planning a Total Wrist Arthroplasty with the MaestroTM implants should be aware. Recent Adv Arthroplast. 2018; 2(2): 69-74

Both MaestroTM implants have proven to be successful for treatment of rheumatoid or post-traumatic PCWJOA, gouty arthritis of the wrist, avascular osteonecrosis such as Kienböck’s disease, idiopathic wrist joint OA, failed previously performed wrist proce- dures such as four-corner-fusion, primary or early secondary wrist replacement in cases of highly comminuted distal radius fractures in selected older patients; it can also be combined with a ulnar head prosthesis, a total arthroplasty, and a total carpometacarpal of the thumb; and it can be successful as well for a conversion to a TWA if patients primarily received a TWF are unsatisfied [7, 8, 11, 12, 14-25]. Nydick et al. [26] reported in 2013 that patients who received primarily a TWA with the MaestroTM Total Wrist for treatment of post-traumatic PCWJOA rated their functional outcome in Patient-rated wrist evaluation statistically significant better than patients who received primarily a TWF (31 vs. 73, p=0.01). Furthermore, both MaestroTM types achieve the most favorable functional outcome as compared to the other 3rd generation types, and it may be justified by preserving the resection- related carpal height due to its 3 various intercalated CoCr carpal heads in combination with its design of ellipsoid surface articulation especially in order to avoid radial impingement that is mainly observed with the use of the Re-MotionTM Total Wrist with its in contrast to both MaestroTM types straight transverse design of carpal plate (Figure 3A) [27, 28]. Noted that the survivorship of the MaestroTM implants with 95% at 8 years is slightly superior compared to the other 3rd generation TWAs [4, 29]. Moreover, TWA utilizing the MaestroTM WRS in a non-cemented manner can also be an option for treatment of post-traumatic PCWJOA in single cases for younger patients with high-demand claims in their activities of daily living [30]. Both MaestroTM types are approved for carpal hemiarthroplasty by the FDA (creating a metal-on- cartilage/bone articulation“), but first published results are disappointing mainly presenting as ulnar-carpal translocation potentially leading to distal radioulnar joint disease, and probably based on a mismatch between the lunate facet and the CoCr head of carpal plate [31]. Both MaestroTM types are not approved for radial hemiarthroplasty by the FDA (off-label“ use by creating a Figure 3 (Examples for PPOs resulting in a steady-state, „Wolff’s law“): cartilage/bone-on-PE articulation“) [32], but first published results (A) Primary combined replacements of the wrist and distal radioulnar joint as late salvage procedure for treatment of distal radius physeal are disappointing as well mainly presenting as PE wear or TM fracture subsequently leading to synovitis (i.e.“PE disease“) [33, 34]. arrest [68]. PPOs under the collar of the ulnar head implant (uHead , Stryker Corporation, Kalamazoo, Michigan/USA) firstly occured 2 years It is well-known that metal wear (i.e. metallosis) was the main postoperatively and radialwards to the radial component of the Re- cause for failure of older TWA generation types utilizing a metal-on- MotionTM Total Wrist 3 years postoperatively [12, same patient as in metal articulation [35]. Since introducing the 3rd generation TWA [68]]. Both PPOs have been stabilized 5 years postoperatively (yellow types utilizing a metal-on-PE articulation, metal wear appears not to arrows), and whether radiologically nor clinically there is no evidence for loosening of both implants. Five years postoperatively, first PPO occurs be responsible for its failure. It is reported with the Universal 2 around the capitate peg of the carpal plate (yellow oval circle), but (Integra LifeSciences Corporation, Cincinnati, Ohio/USA) in up to whether radiologically nor clinically both adjacent non-locking 16,7% of cases only, and common initially presented as carpal tunnel fixation screws are not loosened as well. Note the straight transverse design of syndrome, pisiform impingement, or pseudotumor [36-39]. With the carpal plate of the Re-MotionTM implant, and for insertion of its radial use of the MaestroTM Total Wrist, only 1 publication could be found component a bony resection into the radial metaphysis is not required (i.e. in which metallosis led to capsular destruction with subsequent resurfacing type). (B) Salvage procedure utilizing the MaestroTM WRS after attenuation of the distal radioulnar joint leading to dislocation and a failed four-corner-fusion [17]. PPOs under the offset of radial component destruction of the extensor mechanism, however, there was an and around the capitate peg of carpal plate firstly occured 2 years postoperatively, but it has been stabilized 4 years postoperatively (yellow impingement between the TWA and an additional ulnar head arrow and yellow oval circle). Analogue to Figure 3A, whether prosthesis with a metal head [40]; and the FDA reported in 2010 radiologically nor clinically there is no evidence for loosening of both TM another case of metallosis with the Maestro Total Wrist due to components. In contrast to Figure 1A-B, there is a correct insertion fretting of a loosened non-locking titanium screw and the carpal without abnormal angulation of both locking screws of carpal plate (light plate, but a revision was required due to an infection and not due to blue lines), and the ulnar-sided fixation crews into the hamate bone does implant issues [41]. However, the main cause of failure of all new 3rd not cross the 4th carpometacarpal joint. generation TWAs (i.e. metal-on-PE articulation) is unchanged loosening of its carpal plates based on mechanical imbalances that is

Recent Adv Arthroplast, 2018 Volume 2(2): 71 - 74

Citation: Swerdlow RH, Lyons KE, Khosla SK, Nashatizadeh M, Pahwa R. A Pilot Study of Oxaloacetate 100 mg Capsules in Parkinson ’s disease Patients. J Parkinsons Dis Alzheimer Dis. 2016;3(2): 4.

*Address for Correspondence:Leandro Bueno Bergantin, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 – Vila Clementino, São Paulo – SP, Brazil, CEP: 04039-032. Fax: 1-913-588-0681; E-mail: [email protected] Ingo S. All surgeons who are planning a Total Wrist Arthroplasty with the MaestroTM implants should be aware. Recent Adv Arthroplast. 2018; 2(2): 69-74

followed by metal and/or PE wear, but noted that the amount of wear resection arthroplasty. This principle is also applicable for a failed particles does not correlate with its loosening [36]. Periprosthetic TWA in selected cases [42]. Despite that the outcome is uncertain osteolysis (PPO) can be concern in assessment of loosing (or not), it and in 16% to 25% of cases additional surgery is required, revision has been observed after TWA with the new 3rd generation types as TWA is a valid option to TWF in the management of failed TWA well as after an ulnar head replacement. However, Boeckstyns and [43, 44]. Independently of that a TWF would probably be the safest Herzberg [37] reported in 2014 on 44 patients received a TWA with salvage option with our patient, a revision of the carpal plate utilizing the Re-MotionTM Total Wrist and evaluated at a mean follow-up of the MaestroTM WRS again by preserving the radial component would 3.7 years, significant periprosthetic radiolucency (more than 2 mm have been technically possible when using a custom-made inwidth) were found juxta-articularly around the prosthetic compone- intercalated CoCr head longer than size +4, and a longer custom- nts in 36.4% at the radial component and in 15.9% at the carpal made capitate peg for its placement into the 3rd metacarpal bone first component, where as clinical manifestation of loosening (defined as described in 2009 by Dellacqua [7]. However, all german surgeons progressive angulation or subsidence) was present in 14% of all cases were personally informed on February 26, 2018 by the company only. Moreover, PPOs seams to be stabilizing with in 3 to 8 years in Zimmer Biomet that both MaestroTM implants were definitively the absence of clinical manifestation of loosening (Figure 3A-B) withdrawn from the market place in Germany, and this decision [37-39]. That phenomenon is probably not new. Julius Wolff, a should also be extended worldewide in forseeable future.The company german orthopaedic surgeon (†1902), first described in 1862 that officially stated that the cause for the withdrawal is that as follows: cortical bones primarily became atrophic in lesser loaded regions „The MaestroTM implants are approved only for its cemented use by whereas it became hyperthrophic in higher loaded regions, and the FDA and there are no publications in the literature worldwide on resulted secondarily ina steady-state over time (“Wolff’s law”) [40]. favorable results with its cemented use, and so, it cannot be Hence, PPOs juxta-articularly around non-cemented prosthetic guaranteed a favorable surveillance of both implants by the company if components of TWAs (i.e. metaphyseal PPO’s) can also be probably inserted in a non-cemented manner (i.e. “off-label” use) …hence, the discussed as result of sufficient osseointegration of its titanium Conformité Européenne (CE) mark for Europe is no longer alloystems in the diaphyses distal to the metaphyseal PPOs (i.e. stress requested when it expires in 2018“ [12]. This reasoning must be shielding) [9, 10, 37-39]. extremely doubted because there is exclusively no evidence in the literature which supports a primarily cemented insertion of all 3rd Dislocation (i.e. instability) of a wrist implants is a concern, it has generation TWA types with its titanium alloy radial stems (Figure been observed in up to 8% with the older TWA generation types [3]. 1A-B, Figure 2A, Figure 3A-B), and the primarily cemented insertion Sterling Bunnel (†1957) noted: “A painless stable wrist is the key to of all 3rd generation TWAs (including both MaestroTM types!) is hand function”[41]. This problem seems to be solved with the use of recommended only in cases when poor bone stock is present, for the new 3rd generation types, and by increasing experience of the revision TWA, or for the use of custom-made wrist implants in surgeons with their surgical techniques. The rates of instability or patients with bony tumors [1-11, 14-30, 33, 34, 39, 41-57], and these dislocation for the Re-MotionTM Total Wrist and both MaestroTM features are absolutely comparable with those of all modern total hip implants is reported to be 0.7% and 0.6% only [3, 7, 14, 27, 29, 34]. arthroplasties [12]. Noted as well that primary cemented insertion of Atraumatic dislocation may occur either by iatrogenic injury of the a TWA does not decrease the risk of periprosthetic fracture both volar extrinsic radioscaphocapitate ligament which the most intra- and postoperatively, and it has been reported for the metaca- important stabilizer of the wrist and potentially leading to a transverse rpophalangeal joints that there is a higher risk of periprosthetic instability, or by iatrogenic too large carpal resection potentially fracture intraoperatively when insertion of a prosthesis was done in a leading to a longitudinal instability. Schmidt [11] reported 1 case of an cemented manner [66, 67]. Moreover, the disadvantage of both iatrogenic instability with the MaestroTM WRS (atraumatic MaestroTM types is that the PE insert is fixed to the radial body, dislocation to volar in the plaster splint 5 days postoperatively) which hence,when PE wear or fracture occurs then a revision of the entire could be successfully treated by open surgical revision accompanied radial component becomes necessary. When the long radial stem of with an exchange of the formerly inserted CoCr head size +2 to size both MaestroTM types is primarily inserted into the radial diaphysis +4 in order to restore longitudinal alignment without the necessity of with cementation, then (in case of failure) an extended bony revision of the entire carpal plate (Figure 2C). The causes fo the failed windowing along the entire radial component is needed for its revision TWA with our presented case were: (1) too large carpal removal that can be followed by another complications in the further resection that could not be compensated by the already inserted course. In conclusion, this decision by the company contradicts any longest size (+4) of the 3 available intercalated CoCr heads (standard recent scientific knowledge. Furthermore, it does no more longer +2, +4), and (2) failed angle positioning of the variable locking screw allow a revision for a failed MaestroTM TWA, and for such cases, the into the 2nd metacarpal bone (in contrast to Figure 3B) which motion-restricting TWF is the salvage option only. Therefore, all obviously exceeded the normal range of the mobility between the head colleagues who are planning a TWA with the MaestroTM implant in and shaft of the screw that led to its breakthrough (i.e mechanical forseeable future should be aware. Noted that a (re-)revision TWA imbalance) accompanied with migration of the head of this screw utilizing one of the other 3rd-generation types with its resurfacing (external thread) into the articular space due to its insufficient locking radial components and short radial stems for placement into the mechanism with the carpal plate (internal thread). Noted that metaphyses (Re-MotionTM, Universal 2 or Freedom) appears not to iatrogenic too large bony resection is also reported to be a main cause be possible with our presented case due to the previously required for dislocation of a thumb 1st carpometacarpal total joint deep bony resection into the distal radial metaphysis for placement of replacement, and not due to implant issues as well [48]. the radial body of the MaestroTM total wrist (Figure 1A-B, Figure 2A, Revision arthroplasty is the preferred first method of choice for Figure 3A-B). It is fact that patients often do not have any knowledge loosened or unstable primary arthroplasties of the , hip, elbow, about such a proceeding (i.e. „think they got inserted a bad implant“) and shoulder in order to restore stability and providing joint motion potentially leading to explantation miseries for the surgeons alone to before performing the other salvage procedures such as joint fusion or their patients regarding the administrative decison by the company Zimmer Biomet.

Recent Adv Arthroplast, 2018 Volume 2(2): 72 - 74 Ingo S. All surgeons who are planning a Total Wrist Arthroplasty with the MaestroTM implants should be aware. Recent Adv Arthroplast. 2018; 2(2): 69-74

References 24. Kane PM, Stull JD, Culp RW. Concomitant Total Wrist and Total Elbow Arthroplasty in a Rheumatoid Patient. J Wrist Surg. 2016; 5: 137-142. [Crossref] 1. Melamed E, Marascalchi B, Hinds RM, Rizzo M, Capo JT. Trends in the utilization 25. Morrell NT, Weiss AC. Total Wrist Arthroplasty for Treatment of Distal Radius of total wrist arthroplasty versus wrist fusion for treatment of advanced wrist arthritis. Fractures. In: Borrrelli J jr. and Anglen JO (eds.): Arthroplasty forthe Treatment of J Wrist Surg. 2016; 5: 211-216. [Crossref] Fractures in the Older Patient. Indications and Current Techniques. Springer Nature 2. Herzberg G, Adams BD. Future of wrist arthroplasty. J Wrist Surg. 2012; 1:5-6. Switzerland AG. 2018; 81-90. [Crossref] [Crossref] 26. Nydick JA, Watt JF, Garcia MJ, Williams BD, Hess AV. Clinical outcomes of 3. Boeckstyns ME. Wrist arthroplasty--a systematic review. Dan Med J. 2014; 61: arthrodesis and arthroplasty for the treatment of posttraumatic wrist arthritis. J Hand A4834. [Crossref] Surg Am. 2013; 38: 899-903. [Crossref]

4. Berber O, Garagnani L, Gidwani S. Systematic Review of Total Wrist Arthroplasty 27. Sagerfors M, Gupta A, Brus O, Rizzo M, Pettersson K. Patient related functional and Arthrodesis in Wrist Arthritis. J Wrist Surg. 2018; 7: 424-440. [Crossref] outcome after total wrist arthroplasty: A single center study of 206 cases. Hand Surg. 2015; 20: 81-87. [Crossref] 5. Takwale VJ, Nuttall D, Trail IA, Stanley JK. Biaxial total wrist replacementin patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical review, survivorship and radiological 28. Schmidt I. RE-MOTIONTM total wrist arthroplasty for treatment of advancedstage of analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002; 84: 692-699. [Crossref] scaphoid non-union advanced collapse. Does excision of the entire scaphoidbone prevent impingement at terminal range of radial deviation? Trauma Emerg Care. 6. Ocampos M, Corella F, del Campo B, Carnicer M. Component alignment in total 2017; 2. [Crossref] wrist arthroplasty: success rate of surgeons in their first cases. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2014; 48: 259-261. [Crossref] 29. Sagerfors M, Gupta A, Brus O, Pettersson K. Total Wrist Arthroplasty: A Single- Center Study of 219 Cases With 5-Year Follow-up. J Hand Surg Am. 2015; 40: 7. Dellacqua D. Total Wrist Arthroplasty. Tech Orthop. 2009; 24: 49-57. [Crossref] 2380-2387. [Crossref]

8. Halim A, Weiss AC. Total Wrist Arthroplasty. J Hand Surg Am. 2017; 42:198-209. 30. Schmidt I. Does Total Wrist Arthroplasty for Treatment of Posttraumatic Wrist Joint [Crossref] Osteoarthritis in Young Patients Always Lead to Restriction of High-demand Activities of Daily Living? Case Report and Brief Review of Recent Literature. Open 9. Reigstad O, Røkkum M. Wrist arthroplasty: where do we stand today? A review of Orthop J. 2017;11: 439-446. [Crossref] historic and contemporary designs. Hand Surg. 2014; 19: 311-322. [Crossref] 31. Huish EG Jr, Lum Z, Bamberger HB, Trzeciak MA. Failure of Wrist 10. Reigstad O. Wrist arthroplasty: bone fixation, clinical development and mid to long Hemiarthroplasty. Hand (NY). 2017;12: 369-375. [Crossref] term results. Acta Orthop. 2014 Suppl; 85: 1-53. [Crossref] 32. Cooney WP 3rd. “Off-label” use of orthopedic implants in the wrist. J Hand Surg 11. Schmidt I. The MaestroTM Wrist Reconstructive System for treatment of Am. 2013; 38:416-417. [Crossref] posttraumatic wrist joint osteoarthritis after a devasting course of a distal radius fracture: Case presentation and technical note to the implant. Trauma Emerg Care. 33. Culp RW, Bachoura A, Gelman SE, Jacoby SM. Proximal row carpectomy combined 2017; 1: 1-4. [Crossref] with wrist hemiarthroplasty. J Wrist Surg. 2012; 1: 39-46. [Crossref]

12. Schmidt I. A critical appraisal to the decision by the company Zimmer Biomet to 34. Gaspar MP, Lou J, Kane PM, Jacoby SM, Osterman AL, Culp RW. Complications TM withdraw the Maestro Wrist Reconstructive System from the marketplace. Trauma following partial and total wrist arthroplasty: A single center retrospective review. J Emerg Care. 2018, 3. [Crossref] Hand Surg Am. 2016; 41: 47-53.e4. [Crossref] 13. MAUDE Adverse Event Report: Biomet Orthopedics Maestro Total Wrist Carpal 35. Radmer S, Andresen R, Sparmann M. Total wrist arthroplasty in patients with Plate 9mm X 37mm W/6mm Augment Prosthesis,Wrist. [Crossref] rheumatoid arthritis. J Hand Surg Am. 2003; 28:789-794. [Crossref]

14. Nydick JA, Greenberg SM, Stone JD, Williams B, Polikandriotis JA, Hess AV. 36. Johnson ST, Patel A, Calfee RP, Weiss AP. Pisiform impingement after total wrist Clinical outcomes of total wrist arthroplasty. J Hand Surg Am. 2012; 37:1580-1584. arthroplasty. J Hand Surg Am. 2007; 32: 334-336. [Crossref] [Crossref] 37. Day CS, Lee AH, Ahmed I. Acute carpal tunnel secondary to metallosis after total 15. Nair R. Past, Present, and Future in Total Wrist Arthroplasty: A Perspective Curr wrist arthroplasty. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2013; 38: 80-81. [Crossref] Orthop Pract. 2015; 26: 318-319. [Crossref] 38. Taha R, Roushdi I, Williams C. Pseudotumor secondary to metallosis following total 16. Schmidt I. Kienböck’s disease mimicing gouty monoarthritis of the wrist. Int J Case wrist arthroplasty. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2015; 40: 995-996. [Crossref] Rep Images. 2017; 8: 423-426. [Crossref] 39. Heyes GJ, Julian HS, Mawhinney I. Metallosis and carpal tunnel syndrome 17. Schmidt I. An Unusual and Complicated Course of a Giant Cell Tumor of the following total wrist arthroplasty. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2018; 43: 448-450. Capitate Bone. Case Rep Orthop. 2016; 3705808. [Crossref] [Crossref] 18. Schmidt I, Nennstiel I, Muradyan M, Schmieder A, Kaisidis A, Gr0ßmann A. There 40. Marinello PG, Peers S, Bafus BT, Evans PJ. Modified brachioradialis wrap for rare injury of a closed digital extensor tendon avulsion of the third finger at ist stabilizing the distal radioulnar joint: case report. Hand (NY). 2015; 10: 802-806. musculo tendinous junction: Case presentation and brief overview of literature with [Crossref] regard to general, specific and practicable aspects to extensor tendon surgery involving tendon transfer procedures. 2017; Trauma Emerg Care. 2017; 3: 1-14. 41. MAUDE Adverse Event Report: Biomet Orthopedics Maestro Total Wrist Distal [Crossref] Radial Body 7.5mm Left Prosthesis, Wrist. [Crossref] 19. Schmidt I, Schmitz H, Muradyan M, Kaisidis A, Großmann D. Who introduced the 42. Boeckstyns ME, Toxvaerd A, Bansal M, Vadstrup LS. Wear particles and osteolysis “quadrangular-construct” modification of the Sauvé- Kapandji procedure first? Case inpatients with total wrist arthroplasty. J Hand Surg Am. 2014; 39:2396-2404. presentation and brief overview of literature with regard to general, specific and [Crossref] practicable aspects to primary trauma-related surgical treatment including possible 43. Boeckstyns ME, Herzberg G. Periprosthetic osteolysis after total wrist arthroplasty. J salvage options at the distal radioulnar joint. Trauma Emerg Care. 2017; 3 1-13. Wrist Surg. 2014; 3:101-106. [Crossref] [Crossref] 44. Herzberg G. Periprosthetic bone resorption and sigmoid notch erosion around ulnar 20. Schmidt I. Can Total Wrist Arthroplasty Be an Option for Treatment of Highly head implants: a concern? Hand Clin. 2010; 26: 573-577. [Crossref] Comminuted Distal Radius Fracture in Selected Patients? Preliminary Experience with Two Cases. Case Rep Orthop. 2015; 2015: 380935. [Crossref] 45. Reigstad O, Holm-Glad T, Bolstad B, Grimsgaard C, Thorkildsen R,Røkkum M. Five- to 10-Year Prospective Follow-Up of Wrist Arthroplasty in 56 Non rheumatoid 21. Schmidt I. Combined replacements using the Maestro total wrist and Head ulnar head Patients. J Hand Surg Am. 2017; 42:788-796. [Crossref] implants. J Hand Surg Eur. 2015; 40:754-755. [Crossref] 46. Wolff J (1862) Das Gesetz von der Transformation der Knochen (August 22. Schmidt I. Distal radioulnar synostosis after primary combined replacementsfor Hirschwald, Berlin). [Crossref] treatment of highly comminuted distal radius fracture in an elderly patient. J Hand Surg Eur. 2017; 42: 97-98. [Crossref] 47. Gupta A. Total wrist arthroplasty. Am J Orthop. 2008; 37(Suppl. 1): 12-6. [Crossref]

23. Schmidt I. Combined replacements of the wrist, ulnar head, and thumb 48. Schmidt I. Treatment Options for Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Osteoarthritis with TM carpometacarpal joint. Case report, technical note and recent evidence to the Arpe an Update to the ArpeTM Prosthesis. Recent Adv Arthroplast. 2018; 2: 55-63. prosthesis. Trauma Emerg Care. 2017; 2. [Crossref] [Crossref]

Recent Adv Arthroplast, 2018 Volume 2(2): 73 - 74 Ingo S. All surgeons who are planning a Total Wrist Arthroplasty with the MaestroTM implants should be aware. Recent Adv Arthroplast. 2018; 2(2): 69-74

49. Boeckstyns MEH, Herzberg G. Revision surgery for failed total wrist arthroplasty. 60. Hinds RM, Capo JT, Rizzo M, Roberson JR, Gottschalk MB. Total Wrist Chir Main. 2015; 34: 355. [Crossref] Arthroplasty Versus Wrist Fusion: Utilization and Complication Rates as Reported by ABOS Part II Candidates. Hand (N Y). 2017; 12:376-381. [Crossref] 50. Pinder EM, Chee KG, Hayton M, Murali SR, Talwalkar SC, Trail IA. Survivorship of Revision Wrist Replacement. J Wrist Surg. 2018; 7: 18-23. [Crossref] 61. Khan Y, Konan S, Sorene E. Revision of a failed Swanson arthroplasty to a total wrist replacement restores wrist function and movements. J Plast Surg Hand Surg. 51. Fischer P, Sagerfors M, Brus O, Pettersson K. Revision Arthroplasty of the Wrist in 2014; 48:136-138. [Crossref] Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis, Mean Follow-Up 6.6 Years. J Hand Surg Am. 2018; 43:489.e1-489.e7. [Crossref] 62. Srnec JJ, Wagner ER, Rizzo M. Total Wrist Arthroplasty. JBJS Rev. 2018; 6: e9. [Crossref] 52. Adams BD. Total wrist arthroplasty. Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg. 2004; 8: 130-137. [Crossref] 63. Giwa L, Siddiqui A, Packer G. Motec Wrist Arthroplasty: 4 Years of Promising Results. J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol. 2018; 23: 364-368. [Crossref] 53. Cooney W, Manuel J, Froelich J, Rizzo M. Total wrist replacement: a retrospective comparative study. J Wrist Surg. 2012; 1:165-172. [Crossref] 64. Hariri A, Facca S, Di Marco A, Liverneaux P. Massive wrist prosthesis for giant cell tumour of the distal radius: a case report with a 3-year follow-up. Ortho Traumatol 54. Adams BD. Wrist arthroplasty: partial and total. Hand Clin. 2013; 29: 79-89. Surg Res. 2013; 99: 635-638. [Crossref] [Crossref] 65. Damert HG, Altmann S, Kraus A. Custom-made wrist prosthesis in a patient with 55. Boeckstyns ME, Merser S. Psychometric properties of two questionnaires in the giant cell tumor of the distal radius. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2013; 133:713-719. context of total wrist arthroplasty. Dan Med J. 2014; 61:A4939. [Crossref] [Crossref]

56. Pfanner S, Munz G, Guidi G, Ceruso M. Universal 2 Wrist Arthroplasty in 66. Wagner ER, Srnec JJ, Mehrotra K, Rizzo M. What Are the Risk Factors and Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Wrist Surg. 2017; 6: 206-215. [Crossref] Complications Associated With Intraoperative and Postoperative Fractures in Total 57. Gil JA, Kamal RN, Cone E, Weiss AC. High Survivorship and Few Complications Wrist Arthroplasty? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2017; 475: 2694-2700. [Crossref] With Cementless Total Wrist Arthroplasty at a Mean Followup of 9 Years. Clin 67. Wagner ER, Demark RV 3rd, Wilson GA, Kor DJ, Moran SL, Rizzo M. Orthop Relat Res. 2017; 475: 3082-3087. [Crossref] Intraoperative periprosthetic fractures associated with metacarpophalangeal joint 58. Brinkhorst ME, Selles RW, Dias JJ, Singh HP, Feitz R, Moojen TM, et al. Results of arthroplasty. J Hand Surg Am. 2015; 40: 945-950. [Crossref] the Universal 2 Prosthesis in Noninflammatory Osteoarthritic . J Wrist Surg. 68. Schmidt I. Primary combined replacements for treatment of distal radius physeal 2018; 7:121-126. [Crossref] arrest. J Wrist Surg. 2014; 3: 203-205. [Crossref] 59. Boeckstyns MEH, Herzberg G. Current European Practice in Wrist Arthroplasty. Hand Clin. 2017; 33:521-528. [Crossref]

Recent Adv Arthroplast, 2018 Volume 2(2): 74 - 74