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A New Clade of Putative Plankton-Feeding Sharks from the Upper Cretaceous of Russia and the United States

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A New Clade of Putative Plankton-Feeding Sharks from the Upper Cretaceous of Russia and the United States See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281332658 A new clade of putative plankton-feeding sharks from the Upper Cretaceous of Russia and the United States Article in Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology · August 2015 Impact Factor: 1.98 · DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2015.981335 CITATIONS READS 3 248 5 authors, including: Evgeny V. Popov Bruce Welton Saratov State University New Mexico Museum of Natural History and … 33 PUBLICATIONS 103 CITATIONS 5 PUBLICATIONS 9 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Douglas Long California Academy of Sciences 61 PUBLICATIONS 447 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, Available from: Douglas Long letting you access and read them immediately. Retrieved on: 14 April 2016 This article was downloaded by: [Douglas Long] On: 30 August 2015, At: 08:07 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ujvp20 A new clade of putative plankton-feeding sharks from the Upper Cretaceous of Russia and the United States Kenshu Shimadaab, Evgeny V. Popovc, Mikael Siverssond, Bruce J. Weltone & Douglas J. Longfg a Department of Environmental Science and Studies and Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, 2325 North Clifton Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60614, U.S.A., b Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas 67601, U.S.A.; c Department of Paleontology, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Street, Saratov 410012, Russia, d Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Western Australian Museum, 49 Kew Street, Click for updates Welshpool, Western Australia 6106, e New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, 1801 Mountain Road NW, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87104, U.S.A., f Department of Biology, St. Mary's College, 1928 Saint Mary's Road, Moraga, California 94575, U.S.A., g Department of Ichthyology, Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California 94118, U.S.A. Published online: 28 Aug 2015. To cite this article: Kenshu Shimada, Evgeny V. Popov, Mikael Siversson, Bruce J. Welton & Douglas J. Long (2015): A new clade of putative plankton-feeding sharks from the Upper Cretaceous of Russia and the United States, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2015.981335 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2015.981335 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http:// www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology e981335 (13 pages) Ó by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2015.981335 ARTICLE A NEW CLADE OF PUTATIVE PLANKTON-FEEDING SHARKS FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS OF RUSSIA AND THE UNITED STATES KENSHU SHIMADA,*,1,2 EVGENY V. POPOV,3 MIKAEL SIVERSSON,4 BRUCE J. WELTON,5 and DOUGLAS J. LONG6,7 1Department of Environmental Science and Studies and Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, 2325 North Clifton Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60614, U.S.A., [email protected]; 2Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas 67601, U.S.A.; 3Department of Paleontology, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Street, Saratov 410012, Russia, [email protected]; 4Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Western Australian Museum, 49 Kew Street, Welshpool, Western Australia 6106, [email protected]; 5New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, 1801 Mountain Road NW, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87104, U.S.A., [email protected]; 6Department of Biology, St. Mary’s College, 1928 Saint Mary’s Road, Moraga, California 94575, U.S.A., [email protected]; 7Department of Ichthyology, Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California 94118, U.S.A. ABSTRACT—Eorhincodon casei from Russia and Megachasma comanchensis from the United States are two Cretaceous taxa initially described as putative planktivorous elasmobranchs, but the type specimens of these two taxa were subsequently reinterpreted to represent taphonomically abraded teeth of an odontaspidid, Johnlongia Siverson (Lamniformes: Odontaspididae). Here, we redescribe the type materials of ‘E. casei’ and ‘M. comanchensis’ and describe additional specimens of these species from other Late Cretaceous localities in Russia and the United States. These specimens demonstrate that (1) the two fossil taxa are valid species; (2) they warrant the establishment of a new genus of presumed planktivorous sharks, Pseudomegachasma, gen. nov., to accommodate the two species; and (3) the new genus is sister to Johnlongia and together constitute a new subfamily Johnlonginae, subfam. nov., tentatively placed in the family Odontaspididae sensu stricto. This taxonomic placement indicates that the putative planktivorous clade was derived from a presumed piscivorous form (Johnlongia), with an implication that Pseudomegachasma, gen. nov., evolved a plankton-eating habit independent of the four known planktivorous elasmobranch clades (Rhincodontidae, Megachasmidae, Cetorhinidae, and Mobulidae). It also indicates that planktivorous diets evolved independently at least three times in the order Lamniformes (i.e., Megachasmidae, Cetorhinidae, and Odontaspididae), and more significantly, Pseudomegachasma, gen. nov., would represent the oldest known plankton-feeding elasmobranch in the fossil record. The present fossil record suggests that Pseudomegachasma, gen. nov., evolved in a relatively shallow-water environment in Russia in the early Cenomanian or earlier and subsequently migrated to the North American Western Interior Seaway by the mid-Cenomanian. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D5D0400FD438-4A95-8301-DD47991572F6 SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP Downloaded by [Douglas Long] at 08:07 30 August 2015 INTRODUCTION suggesting that the type specimens of M. comanchensis, along with allegedly the oldest whale shark, Eorhincodon casei Nessov, Megachasma pelagios Taylor, Compagno, and Struhsaker, 1999, from the early Cenomanian of Russia, represent “rolled [D 1983 (‘megamouth shark’; Lamniformes: Megachasmidae), is a taphonomically abraded] teeth” of the odontaspidid shark John- large (up to ca. 5.5 m total length [TL]) planktivorous shark longia Siverson, 1996. (Compagno, 2001). Since the discovery of the extant M. pelagios, Here, we redescribe ‘Eorhincodon casei’ and ‘Megachasma megachasmid teeth have been known from the Cenozoic fossil comanchensis’ by reexamining previously described materials, record (Cappetta, 2012), although the origin of megachasmids including their type specimens, as well as examining newly col- was suggested to have been rooted sometime in the Mesozoic lected specimens from Upper Cretaceous deposits in Russia (Shirai, 1996; Martin et al., 2002). Subsequently, Shimada (2007) (Fig. 1) and the United States to demonstrate that the two fossil reported a fossil shark from the Cretaceous of Colorado, U.S.A., taxa are valid species. However, we introduce a new genus to which he attributed to a new megachasmid, M. comanchensis accommodate the two species (and replace the junior homonym Shimada, 2007. However, because of the stratigraphic gap of fos- Eorhincodon) with an interpretation that this megachasmid-like sil megachasmids between the mid-Cenomanian and late Paleo- taxon does not have a direct phylogenetic link to Megachasmi- gene, some workers expressed their skepticism of this claim (e.g., dae, represented by the single genus Megachasma. Rather, we De Schutter, 2009; Maisey, 2012). Recently, Cappetta (2012:201, consider the new taxon to represent a separate putative planktiv- 252) explicitly dismissed Shimada’s (2007) proposition by orous shark clade that followed an earlier evolutionary pathway, convergent on the later evolution of the Megachasmidae. We also erect a new subfamily to accommodate the planktivorous *Corresponding author. clade
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