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Admission of Candidates to the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin: Canons 597, 641-645 Ongoing Canonical Considerations

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Admission of Candidates to the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin: Canons 597, 641-645 Ongoing Canonical Considerations THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA Admission of Candidates to the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin: Canons 597, 641-645 Ongoing Canonical Considerations A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Faculty of the School of Canon Law Of the Catholic University of America In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree Doctor of Canon Law By James M. Peterson, O.F.M. Cap. Washington, D.C. 2016 Admission of Candidates to the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin: Canons 597, 641-645 Ongoing Canonical Considerations James M. Peterson, O.F.M. Cap., J.C.D. Director: Rose McDermott, S.S.J., J.C.D. Given the scarcity of religious vocations in the Western hemisphere and the copious numbers of religious vocations in some parts of the Eastern hemisphere, candidates are often admitted without the scrutiny required by canon law. In contemporary society candidates often lack depth in Catholic doctrine, are increasingly influenced by secularism, and have difficulty making permanent commitments. This dissertation examines admission to religious institutes of men in the 1983 Code of Canon Law and recommends a procedure for the admission of candidates in accord with the vocation and identity of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. Chapter one of this thesis reviews the norms for admission to a religious institute in the 1917 Code of Canon Law, canons 538-546 and significant post-codal documents. Human experience and developments in the social sciences brought revisions, clarifications, and additions to the law on admission to religious institutes. Chapter two studies the period from the Second Vatican Council to the promulgation of the revised Code of Canon Law. Conciliar and post-conciliar teachings reflect theological developments and further progress in the social sciences, assisting the magisterium, major superiors and formators in updating the admission process. The teachings informed the code revision process. Chapter three analyzes the revised norms on admission to the novitiate in the 1983 code, canons 597 and 641-645. Post-codal documents and a symposium reflect ongoing papal and curial concerns for the admission of suitable candidates. Chapter four examines admission to the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. It addresses the Fourth Plenary Council, the proper law of the Capuchin Order, and the future of Capuchin formation and the development of a ratio formationis. This dissertation by Brother James Peterson, OFM Cap fulfills the dissertation requirement for the doctoral degree in canon law approved by Rose McDermott, S.S.J., J.C.D., as Director, and by Thomas Green, J.C.D., and Robert J. Kaslyn, S.J., J.C.D. as Readers. ___________________________________ Rose McDermott, S.S.J., J.C.D., Director ___________________________________ Thomas J. Green, J.C.D., Reader ___________________________________ Robert J. Kaslyn, S.J., J.C.D., Reader ii TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER I: THE 1917 CODE OF CANON LAW: ADMISSION OF MALE CANDIDATES AND SIGNIFICANT POST-CODAL DOCUMENTS ................................ 4 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 I. Admission of Male Candidates to Religious Institutes in the 1917 Code............................................. 5 A. Admission of a Candidate – Canon 538 ................................................................................. 5 B. The Postulancy .........................................................................................................................12 C. General Reflections on Admission to the Novitiate ...........................................................17 D. Authority to Admit Candidates ..............................................................................................18 E. Impediments to Valid Admission to the Novitiate .............................................................18 1. Those Who Adhere to Non-Catholic Sects ...............................................................19 2. The Requirement of Age ...............................................................................................21 3. Those Who Entered (or Who Were Received) Through Force, Grave Fear or Fraud ................................................................................................................................21 4. A Spouse While the Marriage Perdured ......................................................................27 5. The Bond of Prior Religious Profession.....................................................................28 6. Those Who Had Been Accused, or Could Be Accused of Committing a Delict .29 7. A Bishop, Whether Residential or Titular ..................................................................30 8. Clerics Bound by an Oath .............................................................................................31 F. Illicit Admission to the Novitiate ...........................................................................................32 1. Clerics Without Permission from Their Ordinary.....................................................32 2. Those Bound by Grave Debts That Could Not Be Repaid ....................................33 3. Those Charged with Temporal Matters That May Subject the Institute to a Lawsuit .............................................................................................................................33 4. Aspirants with Parents or Grandparents in Great Need of Assistance or a Parent with Dependent Children .................................................................................34 5. Candidates to the Priesthood Suffering from an Irregularity or Impediment ......34 iii 6. Eastern Rite Catholics without Permission from the Holy See ..............................35 G. Testimonials and Testimonial Letters ...................................................................................35 1. Proof of Baptism and Confirmation ...........................................................................37 2. Male Aspirants ................................................................................................................37 3. Prior Seminary, College, Postulancy or Novitiate of Another Institute.................38 4. One Already a Cleric ......................................................................................................39 5. Those Seeking to Transfer ............................................................................................39 II. Post-Codal Documents Regarding Admission to Religious Institutes................................................40 A. Instruction Quantum religiones ...................................................................................................40 B. Apostolic Constitution Sedes sapientiae ...................................................................................44 1. Requirement of the Postulancy ....................................................................................45 2. Physical/Psychological Investigation ..........................................................................47 3. Purpose and Uses of Psychological Testing ...............................................................48 4. The Manifestation of Conscience and the Right to Privacy ....................................49 C. Instruction, Religiosorum institutio .............................................................................................54 1. Psychological Issues with Candidates .........................................................................57 2. The Candidates’ Involvement in Vocational Discernment ......................................58 3. Doubts and Certitude about the Vocation of a Candidate ......................................59 4. Obligations of Religious Life, Especially Celibacy ....................................................60 Conclusion ..........................................................................................................................................................62 CHAPTER II: CONCILIAR AND POST-CONCILIAR TEACHING AND THE REVISION OF THE NORMS ON ADMISSION TO INSTITUTES .................................64 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................64 I. Conciliar Teaching ......................................................................................................................................66 A. Lumen gentium .............................................................................................................................66 B. Perfectae caritatis ...........................................................................................................................67 C. Optatam totius ..............................................................................................................................69 II. Special Faculties Given to Superiors General .........................................................................................72 A. Cum admotae ...............................................................................................................................72 B. Religionum laicalium .....................................................................................................................75 iv
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