Electrochromic Window Demonstration at the 911 Federal Building, 911 Northeast 11Th Avenue, Portland, Oregon
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Prepared for the U.S. General Services Administration By the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory NOVEMBER 2016 Electrochromic Window Demonstration at the 911 Federal Building, 911 Northeast 11th Avenue, Portland, Oregon ELEANOR S. LEE LUÍS L. FERNANDES SAMIR TOUZANI ANOTHAI THANACHAREONKIT XIUFENG PANG DARRYL DICKERHOFF GSA’s GPG program and DOE’s High Impact Technology (HIT) Catalyst program enable federal and commercial building owners and operators to make sound investment decisions in next generation building technologies based on their real-world performance. ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOW DEMONSTRATION AT THE 911 FEDERAL BUILDING 1 Disclaimer This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process or service by its trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof or the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The work described in this report was funded by the U.S. General Services Administration under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Acknowledgements United States General Services Administration – Public Buildings Services – GPG National Program Team: Kevin Powell, Christine Wu and Michael Lowell United States General Services Administration Region 10: Marty Novini and Frank Hill United States General Services Administration 911 Federal Building: Jim Carter, Jim Silk and all the occupants who participated in this study View Electrochromics, Inc.: Tom Gubiotti, Brandon Tinianov, Alex Park and Jason Zedlitz Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory: Jordan Shackelford, Taoning Wang, Alastair Robinson, Stephen Selkowitz, Howdy Goudey, Andrew McNeil, Simon Vidanovic, Daniel Fuller and Ellen Thomas For more information contact: Kevin Powell Program Manager, GSA GPG program Office of the Commissioner, Public Buildings Service U.S. General Services Administration 50 United Nations Plaza, Room 4653 San Francisco, CA 94102 Email: [email protected] ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOW DEMONSTRATION AT THE 911 FEDERAL BUILDING 2 Table of Contents I. I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 A. Background ............................................................................................................................................... 5 B. Overview of the Technology ..................................................................................................................... 5 C. Study Design and Objectives ..................................................................................................................... 5 D. Project Results/Findings ........................................................................................................................... 8 E. Deployment Recommendations ............................................................................................................. 13 II. INTRODUCTION 15 A.Problem Statement.................................................................................................................................. 15 B.Opportunity ............................................................................................................................................. 16 III. METHODOLOGY 17 A.Technology Description ........................................................................................................................... 17 B.Technical Objectives ................................................................................................................................ 19 C.Demonstration Project Location .............................................................................................................. 19 IV. M&V EVALUATION PLAN 19 A. Facility Description.................................................................................................................................. 19 B. Technology Specification ........................................................................................................................ 21 C. Technology Deployment ......................................................................................................................... 29 D. Test Plan ................................................................................................................................................. 30 E. Instrumentation Plan .............................................................................................................................. 44 V. RESULTS 49 A. Electrochromic Window Operation ........................................................................................................ 49 B. Indoor Venetian Blind Use ...................................................................................................................... 64 C. Visual Comfort ........................................................................................................................................ 66 D. Thermal Comfort .................................................................................................................................... 88 E. Lighting Energy Use ................................................................................................................................. 99 F. HVAC Load ............................................................................................................................................. 102 G. Occupant Surveys and Service Call Log ................................................................................................ 107 H. Summary of Results .............................................................................................................................. 122 I. Energy and economic analysis ............................................................................................................... 127 VI. SUMMARY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS 130 A. Overall Technology Assessment at the Demonstration Facility ........................................................... 130 ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOW DEMONSTRATION AT THE 911 FEDERAL BUILDING 3 B. Best Practice ......................................................................................................................................... 134 C. Barriers and Enablers to Adoption ........................................................................................................ 136 D. Recommendations for Installation, Commissioning, Training, and Change Management .................. 137 VII. APPENDICES 139 A. Shading Survey Form ............................................................................................................................ 139 B. Occupant Surveys ................................................................................................................................. 145 C. Instrumentation .................................................................................................................................... 172 D. References ............................................................................................................................................ 179 E. Glossary ............................................................................................................................................... 181 ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOW DEMONSTRATION AT THE 911 FEDERAL BUILDING 4 I. Executive Summary A. BACKGROUND Switchable electrochromic (EC) windows are part of a new class of dynamic, energy-efficient technologies that enable real-time, active load management in response to weather conditions and the unique operating conditions of individual buildings. Owners can now specify a solid-state technology that reacts to various stimuli like the skin of a living entity. The technology can be controlled to address multiple criteria to achieve a more optimal energy-efficient and comfortable indoor environment than one with static or manually operated technologies. Inputs can include data on outdoor solar conditions, utility rates, occupancy status, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), or operating emergency or security mode. The outputs then dictate how the EC window is controlled, whether as a self-contained autonomous unit that achieves specific zonal objectives or as a part of an integrated system designed to address whole building, campus and grid- related goals. Since windows typically have a 30-year life, these dynamic qualities enable the building to be adaptable and more resilient as the environmental, operating and economic context evolves. B. OVERVIEW OF THE TECHNOLOGY EC windows consist of an insulating glass unit with a thin, multilayer EC coating on the inboard surface of the outside pane of glass. The EC coating has broadband switching capabilities, meaning that it switches in the visible and near infrared portions of the