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Tonkawa Indians Before the Time of the Spanish Explorers, Native Americans Inhabited the Open Ranges and Woodlands of Texas
Tonkawa Indians Before the time of the Spanish explorers, Native Americans inhabited the open ranges and woodlands of Texas. One group that made its mark in history is the Tonkawa Indians. These people were thought to have come to Texas as early as the seventeenth century. Tonkawa, a Waco Indian word, means, “they all stay together,” which eloquently describes this group of nomadic Indian tribes. There is scant archeological evidence of the Tonkawa people, and historians have several theories on the tribal structure and lifestyles of this group. Some believe the Tonkawa were actually a group of independent bands of Indians, which may have included the Sana, Toho, Tohaha, Cantona, and Cava Indians. In the early eighteenth century these bands of Indians were thought to have joined together to form Tonkawa Proper. There is some evidence that the Tonkawa actually came to Texas much earlier as one cohesive group of Tonkawa Indians that lived further north. These nomadic hunters lived in tepees made from buffalo hide, grass and other materials. Tepees allowed bands to easily pack their homes and move with the migrating herds of buffalo or to outrun their enemies. An elected tribal chief led each band of Tonkawa, and each band was composed of maternal clans. Unlike many societies that are patriarchal, the Tonkawa clan membership followed on the side of the mother. When a couple got married, the man would go live with his wife’s clan, and the children would become members of their mother’s clan as well. As a society that always stays together, the Tonkawa established a system that ensured all widows, widowers, and orphaned children were taken care of if their family members died. -
Nps-Waso-Nagpra-23208; Ppwocradn0-Pcu00rp14.R50000]
This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 06/02/2017 and available online at https://federalregister.gov/d/2017-11453, and on FDsys.gov 4312-52 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR National Park Service [NPS-WASO-NAGPRA-23208; PPWOCRADN0-PCU00RP14.R50000] Notice of Intent to Repatriate Cultural Items: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Ocmulgee National Monument, Macon, GA AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Ocmulgee National Monument, in consultation with the appropriate Indian tribes or Native Hawaiian organizations, has determined that the cultural items listed in this notice meet the definition of unassociated funerary objects. Lineal descendants or representatives of any Indian tribe or Native Hawaiian organization not identified in this notice that wish to claim these cultural items should submit a written request to Ocmulgee National Monument. If no additional claimants come forward, transfer of control of the cultural items to the lineal descendants, Indian tribes, or Native Hawaiian organizations stated in this notice may proceed. DATES: Lineal descendants or representatives of any Indian tribe or Native Hawaiian organization not identified in this notice that wish to claim these cultural items should submit a written request with information in support of the claim to Ocmulgee National Monument at the address in this notice by [INSERT DATE 30 DAYS AFTER DATE OF PUBLICATION IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER]. ADDRESSES: Jim David, Superintendent, Ocmulgee National Monument, 1207 Emery Highway, Macon, GA 31217, telephone (478) 752-8257, email [email protected]. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Notice is here given in accordance with the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), 25 U.S.C. -
Tribal and House District Boundaries
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Tribal Boundaries and Oklahoma House Boundaries ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 22 ! 18 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 13 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 20 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 7 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Cimarron ! ! ! ! 14 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 11 ! ! Texas ! ! Harper ! ! 4 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! n ! ! Beaver ! ! ! ! Ottawa ! ! ! ! Kay 9 o ! Woods ! ! ! ! Grant t ! 61 ! ! ! ! ! Nowata ! ! ! ! ! 37 ! ! ! g ! ! ! ! 7 ! 2 ! ! ! ! Alfalfa ! n ! ! ! ! ! 10 ! ! 27 i ! ! ! ! ! Craig ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! h ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 26 s ! ! Osage 25 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! a ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 6 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Tribes ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 16 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! W ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 21 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 58 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 38 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Tribes by House District ! 11 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1 Absentee Shawnee* ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Woodward ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 2 ! 36 ! Apache* ! ! ! 40 ! 17 ! ! ! 5 8 ! ! ! Rogers ! ! ! ! ! Garfield ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1 40 ! ! ! ! ! 3 Noble ! ! ! Caddo* ! ! Major ! ! Delaware ! ! ! ! ! 4 ! ! ! ! ! Mayes ! ! Pawnee ! ! ! 19 ! ! 2 41 ! ! ! ! ! 9 ! 4 ! 74 ! ! ! Cherokee ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Ellis ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 41 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 72 ! ! ! ! ! 35 4 8 6 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 5 3 42 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 77 -
The Caddo After Europeans
Volume 2016 Article 91 2016 Reaping the Whirlwind: The Caddo after Europeans Timothy K. Perttula Heritage Research Center, Stephen F. Austin State University, [email protected] Robert Cast Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita Part of the American Material Culture Commons, Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Other American Studies Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Commons, Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Cite this Record Perttula, Timothy K. and Cast, Robert (2016) "Reaping the Whirlwind: The Caddo after Europeans," Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: Vol. 2016, Article 91. https://doi.org/10.21112/.ita.2016.1.91 ISSN: 2475-9333 Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2016/iss1/91 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Regional Heritage Research at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Reaping the Whirlwind: The Caddo after Europeans Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. This article is available in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2016/iss1/91 -
Table of Contents
______________________________ Table of Contents INTRODUCTION TO THE GUIDE TO CAMPING . 2 THE SCOUT LAW . 3 THE SCOUT OATH . 3 THE OUTDOOR CODE . 4 LEAVE NO TRACE . 4 TREAD LIGHTLY! . 4 SOUTHERN REGION 3 (SR-3) ADDRESSES . 5 WHERE TO GO CAMPING BOY SCOUT COUNCIL SUMMER CAMPS – TEXAS . 6 BOY SCOUT COUNCIL SUMMER CAMPS – ARKANSAS . 7 BOY SCOUT COUNCIL SUMMER CAMPS – COLORADO. 7 BOY SCOUT COUNCIL SUMMER CAMPS – LOUISIANA . 7 BOY SCOUT COUNCIL SUMMER CAMPS – NEW MEXICO . 8 BOY SCOUT COUNCIL SUMMER CAMPS – OKLAHOMA . 8 BSA PROPERTIES - OTHER COUNCIL PROPERTIES . 9 BSA PROPERTIES – HIGH ADVENTURE (LAND ORIENTED) . 10 BSA PROPERTIES – HIGH ADVENTURE (WATER ORIENTED). 12 NATIONAL PARKS/FEDERAL LANDS IN TEXAS . 13 TEXAS STATE PARKS. 14 CORP OF ENGINEER LAKES – CENTRAL TEXAS . 19 LCRA PARKS/CAMPGROUNDS. 19 OTHER CAMPGROUNDS IN CENTRAL TEXAS . 20 1 Tonkawa Lodge 99 * 2019 Edition * Capitol Area Council __________________________________ Introduction A purpose of the Order of the Arrow is to “promote camping, responsible outdoor adventure, and environmental stewardship as essential components of every Scout’s experience, in the unit, year-round, and in summer camp.” Camping and outdoor adventure are at the heart of the purpose of the Order of the Arrow. Camping and the outdoor adventure are at the core of the mission of Scouting. It is with this focus that the Arrowmen of Tonkawa Lodge 99 present this revised camping guide to the units of our council and any units who are looking to discover new opportunities for camping and exploration. This revision updates some of the changes that have occurred in Scouting, revises outdated information, and provides new locations for camping and outdoor adventures. -
Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma Ca
Tickanwa•tic Informational Guide to the History and Culture of the Tonkawa Tribe. Tonkawas photographed by Rhinehart in 1898. Standing L-R: Winnie Richards, John Rush Buffalo, William Stevens, John Allen, and Mary Richards. Seated L-R: John Williams, Grant Richards, and Sherman Miles. Ft. Oakland - Oklahoma Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma ca. 1980 ca. 1999 ca. 1885 - 1901 ca. 2003 On the cover: Tickanwa•tic Tribal name in Tonkawa Language means:“Real People” Pronounced: “Titch-kun-wha-titch” 1 Tonkawa Tribal History The Tonkawa belong to the Tonkawan linguistic family, that was once composed of a number of small sub tribes that lived in a region that extended west from south central Texas and western Oklahoma to eastern New Mexico. The Tonkawa had a distinct language, and their name, as that of the leading tribe, was applied to their linguistic family. They were one of the most warlike tribes during nearly two centu- ries of conflict with their enemy tribes on the Western plains and with the Spanish and, later, American settlers in the Southwest. Their men were famous warriors, and their chiefs bore many scars of battle. The Tonkawa women were also strong physically and vindictive in disposition. The people of this tribe were no- madic in their habits in the early his- toric period, moving their tipi villages according to the wishes of the chiefs Winnie and Chief Grant Richards ca. 1898 of the different bands. They planted a few crops, but were well known as great hunters of buffalo and deer, using bows and arrows and spears for weapons, as well as some firearms secured from early Spanish traders. -
Challenge Bowl 2020
Sponsored by the Muscogee (Creek) Nation Challenge Bowl 2020 High School Study Guide Sponsored by the Challenge Bowl 2020 Muscogee (Creek) Nation Table of Contents A Struggle To Survive ................................................................................................................................ 3-4 1. Muscogee History ......................................................................................................... 5-30 2. Muscogee Forced Removal ........................................................................................... 31-50 3. Muscogee Customs & Traditions .................................................................................. 51-62 4. Branches of Government .............................................................................................. 63-76 5. Muscogee Royalty ........................................................................................................ 77-79 6. Muscogee (Creek) Nation Seal ...................................................................................... 80-81 7. Belvin Hill Scholarship .................................................................................................. 82-83 8. Wilbur Chebon Gouge Honors Team ............................................................................. 84-85 9. Chronicles of Oklahoma ............................................................................................... 86-97 10. Legends & Stories ...................................................................................................... -
Indian Lands of Federally Recognized Tribes of the United States
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Ohio Frontier Team Members: Instructional Unit: Title of Lesson
Ohio Frontier Team Deb Everett Mary Jane Markley Members: Instructional Unit: Ohio Frontier Title of Lesson: Conflict & Compromise: Wyandot Removal Grade Level: Fourth & Fifth In this lesson students will use primary sources to examine the Description: points of view of the Wyandot Removal the last Indians to leave Ohio. Standards: Social Studies Include Standard, History Benchmark: Students use materials drawn from diversity Benchmark Letters, of human experiences to analyze & interpret significant events, and GLI numbers patterns & themes in history, the United States & world GL4/5 Construct time lines to demonstrate an understanding of units of time & chronological order, & relationships People in Societies Benchmark: Explain reasons people from various cultural groups came to North America and consequences of their interactions with each other. GL 4/5 Describe the impact of expansion of settlements on American Indians in Ohio. Social Studies Skills & Methods Benchmark: Obtain information from variety of primary & secondary sources using components of the source. GL 4/5 Differentiate between primary and secondary sources. GL 4/5 Identify main idea and supporting details from factual information. GL 4/5 Read information in order to identify, author, perspective and purpose. GL 4 Distinguish between fact and opinion GL 4/5 Use Problem-solving / design making process GL 5 Compare points of agreement and disagreement among sources. Duration: 1 week Materials and Resources: Paper & pencil Primary sources Computer/Projector Analysis Worksheets -
CHEROKEE NATION Tribal Perspective on Site Assessment Activities
CHEROKEE NATION Tribal Perspective on Site Assessment Activities 2007 National Site Assessment Symposium Jason White Superfund Program In 1990, Cherokee Nation became the second tribe in the United States to sign an EPA Superfund Memorandum of Agreement. This established a Superfund program through the Cherokee Nation’s Hazardous Waste Management Office now known as the Cherokee Nation Environmental Programs. Cherokee Nation Environmental Programs • Radon • Lead Based Paint Inspection Program • Clean Air Program • General Assistance Program • Solid Waste • Superfund • Underground Storage Tank • Brownfields • Clean Water Program • Environmental Review Program (BIA, NAHASDA, and Water and Sanitation) • ASTM Phase 1 Environmental Site Assessment (Cherokee Nation Realty, Roads, and Engineering) InterInter--TribalTribal EnvironmentalEnvironmental CouncilCouncil (ITEC)(ITEC) formedformed inin OctoberOctober ofof 19921992 ¾ CherokeeCherokee Nation’sNation’s EnvironmentalEnvironmental ProgramProgram servesserves asas thethe leadlead agentagent ¾ ITECITEC providesprovides servicesservices toto 4141 TribesTribes fromfrom Oklahoma,Oklahoma, NewNew MexicoMexico andand TexasTexas Inter-Tribal Environmental Council Absentee-Shawnee Tribe Osage Nation Alabama-Coushatta Tribe Otoe-Missouria Tribe Alabama-Quassarte Tribe Ottawa Tribe Apache Tribe Pawnee Tribe Caddo Indian Tribe Peoria Tribe Cherokee Nation Ponca Tribe Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribe Pueblo of Laguna Citizen Potawatomi Nation Pueblo of Santa Ana Comanche Tribe Pueblo of Santa Clara Delaware Nation -
Still Plays with Dolls Page 4-5
The Turtle Speaks Gyah’-Wish Atak-iaA Wyandotte Nation Publication Volume 24, Issue 4 www.wyandotte-nation.org November 2020 Still plays with dolls Page 4-5 Gyah’-wish Atak-ia is published quarterly for Tribal Citizens by the Wyandotte Nation at its Inside: headquarters in Wyandotte, Okla. • Board approves 2nd Round of COVID-19 The Wyandotte Nation (918) 678-2297 Relief Payments, APPLY NOW! Page 6 64700 E Hwy 60 (800) 256-2539 • Ingram earns 'Trainer of the Year' honor Wyandotte, OK 74370 Fax (918) 678-2944 (C) Copyright 2020. All information, photographs, and other materials are copyrighted, and may not be reproduced without prior written consent of the Wyandotte Nation. Page 2 Wyandotte Nation / Gyah'-wish Atak-ia November 2020 Board of Directors From the Chief Billy Friend Chief .......................................Billy Friend Second Chief ....Norman Hildebrand, Jr. Councilperson ................... Ramona Reid Councilperson ....................... Vivian Fink Councilperson ........ Juanita McQuistion State of the Nation Councilperson ......................Eric Lofland (State of the Nation address given at other entities. As a part of the com- that have plagued our people. Today the Annual Meeting) munity, we believe that is essential to Bearskin Fitness Center is one of the So today is a great day to be Wy- work together to address challenges. premier fitness centers in the area. We andotte, but I think that we can also Our commitment to build community continue to look for opportunities to ex- Content say that every day is a great day to be and partnerships with our neighbors pand the reach of our health programs. Wyandotte. We are a nation of people makes our nation strong. -
Federal Register/Vol. 74, No. 56/Wednesday, March 25, 2009
12896 Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 56 / Wednesday, March 25, 2009 / Notices artifact assemblage to be consistent with The Department of Anthropology, removed from the Etowah Mounds, possible associated funerary objects University of Massachusetts, Amherst is Etowah Indian Mounds State Historic from Ceramic Period burials in Maine. responsible for notifying Amherst Site (9BR1) in Bartow County, GA. No The Aroostook Band of Micmac College and Smith College, and the known individuals were identified. The Indians of Maine, Houlton Band of Aroostook Band of Micmac Indians of 187,060 associated funerary objects are Maliseet Indians of Maine, Maine, Houlton Band of Maliseet 1 anvil fragment; 10 bone awls/ Passamaquoddy Tribe of Maine, and Indians of Maine, Passamaquoddy Tribe fragments; 3 stone axes; 129 copper Penobscot Tribe of Maine, represented of Maine, Penobscot Tribe of Maine, and symbol badges/fragments; 6 woven cane by the Wabanaki Intertribal Repatriation Wabanaki Intertribal Repatriation basket fragments; 4 tortoise shell batons; Committee, a non-Federally recognized Committee, a non-Federally recognized 2 bone beads; 1 clay bead; 19 copper Indian group, are widely recognized as Indian group, that this notice has been covered wooden beads/fragments; 1 having a shared cultural relationship published. copper bead; 1 blue glass bead; 8,273 with the people of the Ceramic Period Dated: March 12, 2009 pearl beads; 159,572 shell beads; 5 of Maine (2,000 B.P. to European wooden beads; 11 stone blades; 2 contact). Sherry Hutt, Manager, National NAGPRA Program. copper covered wooden bodkins; 38 Officials of the Department of shell bowls/fragments; 1 wooden bowl; Anthropology, University of [FR Doc.