DOCSLIB.ORG

Rapid Colour Shift by Reproductive Character Displacement in Cupido Butterflies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rapid Colour Shift by Reproductive Character Displacement in Cupido Butterflies Supplemental Information for: Rapid colour shift by reproductive character displacement in Cupido butterflies Joan Carles Hinojosa, Darina Koubínová, Vlad Dincă, Juan Hernández-Roldán, Miguel L. Munguira, Enrique García-Barros, Marta Vila, Nadir Alvarez, Marko Mutanen & Roger Vila Notes on morphology Prieto et al. (2009) found differences in wing patterns between the taxon carswelli and C. lorquinii using multivariate morphometrics, while they stated that genital structures of C. minimus and carswelli are indistinguishable. On the other hand, subtle differences in genitalia between C. lorquinii, C. minimus and carswelli have been stated by Gil-T (2006). In contrast, in our material C. lorquinii genitalia (Figure S2) strongly resemble those of carswelli as described by Gil-T (2006). No morphological differences have been described between the larvae of carswelli and C. lorquinii, and the only difference observed in the preimaginal stages is the yellow pilosity of the pupa in carswelli, compared to white in C. lorquinii (Gil-T, 2006). Notes on ecology Cupido lorquinii and carswelli are regularly found on calcareous substrates (García-Barros et al., 2013; Gil-T, 2003) and larvae feed on the same host plant, Anthyllis vulneraria (Fabaceae). Slightly distinct ecological preferences were mentioned in Gil-T (2017), the most important of which is that carswelli populations occur at 1,000-1,800 m.a.s.l. (Tolman & Lewington, 2008), 1 whereas C. lorquinii has a wider range of 0-2,600 m.a.s.l. (Gil-T, 2017; Tennent, 1993). Despite this, we observed both taxa in the same type of habitats: at altitudes of about 1,000 m (and lower for C. lorquinii) in relatively humid areas with low scrub cover in forest clearings and at higher altitudes in rocky environments, including torrents. Notes about introgression in the subgenus Cupido We found evidence that all the European species of the subgenus Cupido can occasionally interbreed successfully, or at least introgression events seem to have occurred in the past. The mitochondrial phylogeny (Figure 2) suggests at least one introgression event from C. minimus to C. osiris (a male of the latter species from Granada, southern Iberia, clustered with C. minimus in the COI phylogeny), although incomplete lineage sorting cannot be discarded. Two strains of Wolbachia were shared across species (Table S3): one strain was present in some specimens of C. minimus and C. lorquinii, and another was present in C. osiris and in one C. minimus. These results apparently support the idea that C. lorquinii introgressed C. minimus and C. minimus introgressed C. osiris. However, the ABBA-BABA test did not detected signal of introgression between C. minimus and C. lorquinii, and instead a weak signal, not significant, was obtained for introgression between C. minimus and carswelli (p-value=0.3-0.42, D=0.0067, fG=0.0041). Cupido minimus male colour is brown, commonly with a few blue scales. In some parts of its distribution where C. osiris is absent, such as in the UK or northern Europe, blue scales in males can be sometimes abundant. Given that wrong courtships between C. minimus and C. osiris 2 may take place, reduction in the number of blue scales in C. minimus may be related to the presence of C. osiris and could have resulted from a reproductive character displacement process similar to that we describe in carswelli. REFERENCES García-Barros, E., Munguira, M. L., Stefanescu, C., Vives Moreno, A. (2013). Fauna Ibérica Volumen 37: Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea. Madrid, Spain: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Gil-T, F. (2003). Cupido carswelli (Stempffer, 1927): descripción de sus estadios preimaginales, biología y distribución. La morfología de la crisálida, ¿Clave para su rango específico? (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Boletín de la SEA, 32, 45–50. Gil-T, F. (2006). Cupido carswelli (Stempffer, 1927): morphology of its chrysalis and genitalia compared with those of Cupido minimus (Fuessly, 1775) and Cupido lorquinii (Herrich- Schäffer, 1847) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Atalanta, 37, 150–160. Gil-T, F. (2017). Cupido carswelli (Stempffer, 1927), endemism from SE. Spain, a different species of Cupido minimus (Fuessly, 1775): updated distribution, identification of its larval host-plant and notes on taxonomy, ecology and morphology (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Atalanta, 48, 197–203. Tennent, J. (1993). The butterflies of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. Swindon, UK: Swindon Press Limited. Tolman, T., & Lewington, R. (2008). Collins Butterfly Guide. London, UK: Harper-Collins Publishers. 3 Supplementary tables Table S1. Samples used in this study. The first missing data column is the percentage of missing data data after IPYRAD pipeline in the dataset with all the samples and the second column is the same value but in the dataset with only C. l. carswelli and C. l. lorquinii. Sample ID Species Genbank code (COI) Sex Wing Locality Country Missing, Missing, colour dataset 1 dataset 2 (%) (%) RVcoll09V159 C. l. carswelli KP870815 Male Brown Sierra María Spain 41.1 29.7 RVcoll09V160 C. l. carswelli KP870825 Male Brown Sierra María Spain 39.2 28.2 RVcoll09V161 C. l. carswelli KP870888 Male Brown Sierra de Orce Spain 46.6 35.7 RVcoll15R285 C. l. carswelli MT763230 Male Brown Sierra de Guillimona Spain 87.8 84.6 RVcoll17B236 C. l. carswelli MT763233 Male Brown Sierra Espuña Spain 46.6 36.7 RVcoll17B238 C. l. carswelli MT763205 Male Brown Sierra Espuña Spain 43.7 33.1 RVcoll17B326 C. l. carswelli MT763231 Male Brown Sierra de las Cabras Spain 40.6 29.7 RVcoll17B327 C. l. carswelli MT763219 Male Brown Sierra de las Cabras Spain 49.9 39.6 RVcoll17B665 C. l. carswelli MT763224 Male Brown Puebla de Don Fadrique Spain 39.7 28.6 RVcoll17B741 C. l. carswelli MT763221 Female Brown Sierra de Segura Spain 56.5 47.7 RVcoll06G608 C. l. lorquinii MT763218 Male Blue Col du Zad Morocco 62.8 54.3 RVcoll08H623 C. l. lorquinii HM901583 Male Blue Benadalid Spain 53.4 43.4 RVcoll08J206 C. l. lorquinii HM901592 Male Blue Sierra Almijara Spain 76.8 71.4 RVcoll08L023 C. l. lorquinii GU676451 Male Blue Casillas de Rojas, Güejar Sierra Spain 52.2 41.8 RVcoll08L352 C. l. lorquinii GU676356 Male Blue Sierra Prieta Spain 57.4 48.0 RVcoll08L674 C. l. lorquinii HM901621 Female Brown Iznalloz, Sierra Arana Spain 55.1 45.4 RVcoll11D612 C. l. lorquinii KP870431 Male Blue Cañada Real de la Zubia, Monachil Spain 41.7 30.1 RVcoll13S440 C. l. lorquinii MT763212 Male Blue Aït-Lekak, NE Oukaïmeden Morocco 80.4 75.8 RVcoll13S441 C. l. lorquinii MT763222 Male Blue Adrar-n-Aklim, E Igherm Morocco 74.3 68.1 RVcoll16A189 C. l. lorquinii MT763210 Male Blue Inifife, South Timahdite, Moyen Atlas Morocco 75.7 69.9 RVcoll17B433 C. l. lorquinii MT763214 Male Brown Sierra de Huétor Spain 43.0 32.3 RVcoll17B434 C. l. lorquinii MT763209 Female Brown Sierra de Huétor Spain 50.7 40.2 RVcoll17B440 C. l. lorquinii MT763207 Male Blue Sierra de Huétor Spain 64.6 57.3 RVcoll17B441 C. l. lorquinii MT763228 Male Blue Alcaucín Spain 60.5 54.8 RVcoll17B442 C. l. lorquinii MT763220 Male Blue Sierra de Huétor Spain 62.8 54.6 RVcoll17B498 C. l. lorquinii MT763216 Male Blue Zuheros Spain 51.0 40.2 RVcoll17B636 C. l. lorquinii MT763217 Female Brown Sierra de los Filabres Spain 62.3 54.1 RVcoll17B806 C. l. lorquinii MT763229 Male Blue Grazalema Spain 54.1 44.0 RVcoll17B859 C. l. lorquinii MT763223 Male Blue Monchique Portugal 53.0 42.7 RVcoll17B860 C. l. lorquinii MT763211 Male Blue Monchique Portugal 62.6 54.4 RVcoll06N004 C. minimus HQ004334 - Brown Rimetea Romania 63.2 - 4 RVcoll08M911 C. minimus GU669864 - Brown Bassa d'Arrès, Val d'Aran Spain 51.8 - RVcoll11D667 C. minimus KP871105 - Brown Font de l'Arbre, Serra d'Aitana Spain 57.9 - RVcoll11G699 C. minimus MT763204 - Brown Uspenka Kazakhstan 58.0 - RVcoll12M489 C. minimus MN143183 - Brown Monte Limina, Aspromonte Italy 57.4 - RVcoll12M574 C. minimus MT763226 - Brown Nebrodi, Floresta Italy 52.4 - RVcoll12Z144 C. minimus MN141369 - Brown Gortlecka (the Burren) Ireland 52.2 - RVcoll14H750 C. minimus MT763206 - Brown Peristera Greece 51.5 - RVcoll14I802 C. minimus MT763232 - Brown Tatranska Kotlina, Tatra Mt. Slovakia 49.7 - RVcoll15H695 C. minimus MT763208 - Brown Splugenpass Switzerland 72.3 - RVcoll16G496 C. minimus MT763225 - Brown Rå Sweden 70.0 - RVcoll17A293 C. minimus MT763213 - Brown Quatretonda Spain 50.2 - RVcoll17A892 C. minimus MT763215 - Brown Kovacic Croatia 57.4 - RVcoll08M939 C. osiris HM901312 - - Sobrecastells Spain 75.2 - RVcoll17B693 C. osiris MT763227 - - Puebla de Don Fadrique Spain 71.5 - Table S2. Number of loci and SNPs of each dataset and analyses where they have been used. IPYRAD raw output IPYRAD raw output (unlinked) CENTRIFUGE output Rare allele filtering output All samples 17,825 loci; 130,679 SNPs 16,562 SNPs 16,312 loci; 109,221 SNPs 62,533 SNPs Usage Coancestry matrix STRUCTURE (supplementrary) ML phylogeny, D-statistics PCA, STRUCTURE Only C. l. lorquinii and C. l. carswelli 17,522 loci; 81,803 SNPs 15,333 SNPs 16,030 loci; 69,327 SNPs 45,753 SNPs Usage BAYESCAN - - PCA, STRUCTURE Table S3. Minimum COI (658 bp) genetic distances (dXY) between the studied taxa. C. l. lorquinii C. l. carswelli C. minimus C. osiris C. l. lorquinii - C. l. carswelli 0% - C. minimus 1.3% 1.3% - C. osiris 2% 2% 0.6% - Table S4. Top hits retrieved in BLAST Lepbase. The target sequence was the sole BAYESCAN outlier that had exclusive haplotypes for all the brown males, including C. l. carswelli and the brown C. l. lorquinii. Identity alignment gap q. q. bit subject id mismatches s. start s. end E value (%) length opens start
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1996 No. 4 December
    TROPICAL LEPIDOPTERA NEWS December 1996 No.4 LEPIDOPTERORUM CATALOGUS (New Series) The new world catalog of Lepidoptera renews the series title The new series (as edited by J. B. Heppner) began already in first begun in 1911. The original catalog series was published by 1989 with publication of the catalog of Noctuidae, by R. Poole. W. Junk Publishers of Berlin, Germany (later The Hague, E. J. Brill Publishers, of Leiden, Netherlands, published this first Netherlands), continuing until 1939 when the incomplete series fascicle in 3 volumes, covering already about a third of all known was deactivated due to World War II. The original series Lepidoptera. Since ATL took over the series, several families completed a large number of families between 1911 and 1939, have been readied for publication. Already this month, Fascicle totalling about 3 shelf-feet of text. Most Microlepidoptera, 48, on Epermeniidae, was published (authored by R. Gaedike, of however, were not covered, as also several macro families like the Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalde, Germany). Noctuidae, and several families are incomplete (e.g., Geometridae In 1997, several other smaller families are expected, including and Pyralidae). Even for what was treated, the older catalogs are Acanthopteroctetidae (Davis), Acrolepiidae (Gaedike), Cecidosi­ now greatly out of date, due to the description of many new dae (Davis), Cercophanidae (Becker), Glyphipterigidae (Heppner), species and many changes in nomenclature over the last 5 to 8 Neotheoridae (Kristensen), Ochsenheimeriidae (Davis), Opostegi­ decades. dae (Davis), and Oxytenidae (Becker). Much of the publication The new series resembles the old series in some ways but it schedule depends on the cooperation of various specialists who will also have features not found in the old work.
    [Show full text]
  • R. Obregón, J. Fernández Haeger & D. Jordano
    Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 39.1 (2016) 115 Effects of climate change on three species of Cupido (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) with different biogeographic distribution in Andalusia, southern Spain R. Obregón, J. Fernández Haeger & D. Jordano Obregón, R., Fernández Haeger, J. & Jordano, D., 2016. Effects of climate change on three species of Cupido (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) with different biogeographic distribution in Andalusia, southern Spain. Animal Bio- diversity and Conservation, 39.1: 115–128. Abstract Effects of climate change on three species of Cupido (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) with different biogeographic distribution in Andalusia, southern Spain.— Knowledge of the spatial distribution of rare or endangered species is of key importance to assess conservation status at different geographic scales and to develop conservation and recovery programs. In this paper we review and update the distribution of three species of Lycaenid butterflies in Andalusia (southern Spain): Cupido carswelli, C. lorquinii, and C. osiris. Cupido carswelli is endemic in south east Spain and is considered a vulnerable species in the Red Book of Inver- tebrates of Andalusia. Cupido lorquinii is an Iberian–Maghrebian endemism, found in the southern half of the Iberian peninsula. Cupido osiris, widely distributed in Europe and Central Asia, has its southern limit of distribution in Andalusia. We modeled the potential current distribution of these species in Andalusia, using Maxent. Their potential distribution was mainly conditioned by the presence of their host plants and, to a lesser extent, by climatic variables: rainfall during the warmest and coldest quarters of the year and annual mean temperature. AUC test values, sensitivity, and specificity for the three models were high, confirming the accuracy of the models and their high predictive values.
    [Show full text]
  • Butterflies & Flowers of the Kackars
    Butterflies and Botany of the Kackars in Turkey Greenwings holiday report 14-22 July 2018 Led by Martin Warren, Yiannis Christofides and Yasemin Konuralp White-bordered Grayling © Alan Woodward Greenwings Wildlife Holidays Tel: 01473 254658 Web: www.greenwings.co.uk Email: [email protected] ©Greenwings 2018 Introduction This was the second year of a tour to see the wonderful array of butterflies and plants in the Kaçkar mountains of north-east Turkey. These rugged mountains rise steeply from Turkey’s Black Sea coast and are an extension of the Caucasus mountains which are considered by the World Wide Fund for Nature to be a global biodiversity hotspot. The Kaçkars are thought to be the richest area for butterflies in this range, a hotspot in a hotspot with over 160 resident species. The valley of the River Çoruh lies at the heart of the Kaçkar and the centre of the trip explored its upper reaches at altitudes of 1,300—2,300m. The area consists of steep-sided valleys with dry Mediterranean vegetation, typically with dense woodland and trees in the valley bottoms interspersed with small hay-meadows. In the upper reaches these merge into alpine meadows with wet flushes and few trees. The highest mountain in the range is Kaçkar Dağı with an elevation of 3,937 metres The tour was centred around the two charming little villages of Barhal and Olgunlar, the latter being at the fur- thest end of the valley that you can reach by car. The area is very remote and only accessed by a narrow road that winds its way up the valley providing extraordinary views that change with every turn.
    [Show full text]
  • Fylogeneze a Biogeografie Modrásků Podtribu Everina DIPLOMOVÁ
    Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích Přírodovědecká fakulta Fylogeneze a biogeografie modrásků podtribu Everina DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Autor práce: Mgr. Jan Walter Vedoucí práce: RNDr. Zdeněk Faltýnek Fric, PhD. Konzultanti: RNDr. Alena Sucháčková, PhD. Doc. Mgr. Martin Konvička, PhD. České Budějovice 2021 Walter, J. 2021. Fylogeneze a biogeografie modrásků podtribu Everina [Phylogeny and biogeography of blue butterflies from the subtribe Everina. Mgr. Thesis. in Czech] – 73 p., Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic. Annotation: Sequencing of a mitochondrial gene (COI) and subsequent phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses were used for understanding the evolutionary and biogeographic relationships within subtribe Everina (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Prohlašuji, že jsem autorem této kvalifikační práce a že jsem ji vypracoval pouze s použitím pramenů a literatury uvedených v seznamu použitých zdrojů. V Českých Budějovicích, 13. dubna 2021. ……………………………………… Jan Walter PODĚKOVÁNÍ Rád bych poděkoval školiteli RNDr. Zdeňkovi Faltýnkovi Fricovi, PhD. a konzultantce RNDr. Aleně Sucháčkové, PhD. za jejich rady, připomínky k textu, nenahraditelnou pomoc při zpracování analýz a za poskytnutý materiál ke studiu. Oběma zvláště za přátelský přístup a velkou trpělivost. Dále své rodině a přítelkyni za velkou podporu a pochopení. Obsah 1 ÚVOD ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Klasifikace a fylogeneze čeledi Lycaenidae
    [Show full text]
  • Specimen Records for North American Lepidoptera (Insecta) in the Oregon State Arthropod Collection. Lycaenidae Leach, 1815 and Riodinidae Grote, 1895
    Catalog: Oregon State Arthropod Collection 2019 Vol 3(2) Specimen records for North American Lepidoptera (Insecta) in the Oregon State Arthropod Collection. Lycaenidae Leach, 1815 and Riodinidae Grote, 1895 Jon H. Shepard Paul C. Hammond Christopher J. Marshall Oregon State Arthropod Collection, Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis OR 97331 Cite this work, including the attached dataset, as: Shepard, J. S, P. C. Hammond, C. J. Marshall. 2019. Specimen records for North American Lepidoptera (Insecta) in the Oregon State Arthropod Collection. Lycaenidae Leach, 1815 and Riodinidae Grote, 1895. Catalog: Oregon State Arthropod Collection 3(2). (beta version). http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/osu/cat_osac.3.2.4594 Introduction These records were generated using funds from the LepNet project (Seltmann) - a national effort to create digital records for North American Lepidoptera. The dataset published herein contains the label data for all North American specimens of Lycaenidae and Riodinidae residing at the Oregon State Arthropod Collection as of March 2019. A beta version of these data records will be made available on the OSAC server (http://osac.oregonstate.edu/IPT) at the time of this publication. The beta version will be replaced in the near future with an official release (version 1.0), which will be archived as a supplemental file to this paper. Methods Basic digitization protocols and metadata standards can be found in (Shepard et al. 2018). Identifications were confirmed by Jon Shepard and Paul Hammond prior to digitization. Nomenclature follows that of (Pelham 2008). Results The holdings in these two families are extensive. Combined, they make up 25,743 specimens (24,598 Lycanidae and 1145 Riodinidae).
    [Show full text]
  • The Status and Distribution of Mediterranean Butterflies
    About IUCN IUCN is a membership Union composed of both government and civil society organisations. It harnesses the experience, resources and reach of its 1,300 Member organisations and the input of some 15,000 experts. IUCN is the global authority on the status of the natural world and the measures needed to safeguard it. www.iucn.org https://twitter.com/IUCN/ IUCN – The Species Survival Commission The Species Survival Commission (SSC) is the largest of IUCN’s six volunteer commissions with a global membership of more than 10,000 experts. SSC advises IUCN and its members on the wide range of technical and scientific aspects of species conservation and is dedicated to securing a future for biodiversity. SSC has significant input into the international agreements dealing with biodiversity conservation. http://www.iucn.org/theme/species/about/species-survival-commission-ssc IUCN – Global Species Programme The IUCN Species Programme supports the activities of the IUCN Species Survival Commission and individual Specialist Groups, as well as implementing global species conservation initiatives. It is an integral part of the IUCN Secretariat and is managed from IUCN’s international headquarters in Gland, Switzerland. The Species Programme includes a number of technical units covering Species Trade and Use, the IUCN Red List Unit, Freshwater Biodiversity Unit (all located in Cambridge, UK), the Global Biodiversity Assessment Initiative (located in Washington DC, USA), and the Marine Biodiversity Unit (located in Norfolk, Virginia, USA). www.iucn.org/species IUCN – Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation The Centre was opened in October 2001 with the core support of the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Environment, the regional Government of Junta de Andalucía and the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID).
    [Show full text]
  • Alaska Natural Heritage Program Conservation Status Report
    Alaska Natural Heritage Program Conservation Status Report Cupido amyntula - Boisduval, 1852 Common Name: Western Tailed-Blue ELCODE: IILEPF9020 Taxonomic Serial No.: 777890 Synonyms: Everes amyntula (Boisduval, 1852) Taxonomy Notes: Numerous subspecies of Cupido amyntula are referenced for North America (Pelham 2008). The majority of butterfly records were determined only to species. We therefore only treat this butterfly at the species level for conservation assessment while recognizing that currently Alaskan specimens are considered to fall under (name of subspecies) - as treated by Ferris 2016. NatureServe concept reference: Opler & Warren (2002). Report last updated – 21 May 2017 Conservation Status G5 S4 ASRS: not yet ranked Occurrences, Range Number of Occurrences: number of museum records: 397 (KWP 2017, UAM 2017), number of EOs: 79 AK Range Extent: 771,016 km2 Occupancy 4 km2 grid cells: 80 Nowacki Ecoregions: Brooks Range and northern Seward Peninsula through interior Alaska to Cook Inlet and Lynn Canal in southern Alaska; encompassing Arctic Tundra, Bering Tundra, Intermontane Boreal, Alaska Range Transition, Coast Mountain Transition, and Coastal Rainforest Ecoregions. North American Distribution: Alaska south through the Cascade and Rocky mountains to Baja California, west through southern Canada to Hudson Bay and Gaspé Peninsula (BAMONA 2017). Trends Short-term: Proportion collected has remained stable (<10% change). Long-term: Proportion collected has remained stable (<10% change) since the 1950’s. The peak in proportion collected during the 1940’s is likely a byproduct of small butterfly collection size (12 collections) during that decade. Cupido amyntula Collections in Alaska 250 40 35 200 30 150 25 20 100 15 10 50 5 Percent of Museum Collections Numberof Museum Collections 0 0 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Collections by Decade C.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylum Arthropoda Lepidóptera I
    Phylum ARTHROPODA LEPIDOPTERA Procris (Rhagades) predotae (Naufock, 1930). Rhagades predotae Naufock, 1930. "Zeits. Oest. Ent. Ven", 15, p. 107. Rhagades Wallengren, 1863. "Skand. Heteroc.", 1, p. 110. Phylum ARTHROPODA. Subphylum UNIRAMIA. Clase: INSECTA. Orden: LEPIDOPTERA. Superfamilia: ZYGAENOIDEA. Familia: ZYGAENIDAE. Subfamilia: CHALCOSIINAE. Tribu: PROCRIDINE. ENDEMISMO ESPECIFICO PENINSULAR Nombre vulgar: desconocido por nosotros. STATUS Directiva hábitats. España: fuera de peligro. DISTRIBUCION Se dan sólo citas muy locales. Existe un gran desconocimiento sobre la distribución de esta especie en España: localidades de las provincias de Huelva, Seria, Logroño y Teruel, entre los 400 y 1.855 m. de altitud (1, 2). UTM (1) 30TXK18. BIOLOGIA Pueden encontrarse los adultos de julio a agosto (2). Planta nutricia desconocida, se la ha visto sobre el peral silvestre Pyrus bourgaena. Ecología y biología desconocidas. De hábitos crepusculares, son muy difíciles de localizar durante las horas del día. MAPA 118 HABITAT Vive en zonas de sierra. POBLACION Tamaño del área de distribución conocida muy pequeña. Tamaño y tendencia poblacional desconocidas. Tamaño poblacional de grande a mediano. AMENAZAS Desconocidas. Son necesarios estudios sobre sus requerimientos ecológicos, ciclo, poblaciones y distribución. MEDIDAS DE CONSERVACION La protección del hábitat es la única medida a adoptar en estos momentos. El desconocimiento general sobre la especie frena cualquier acción específica de con- servación. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS 1. Gómez-Bustillo, M. R., y Fernández Rubio, F (1979): Mariposas de la Península Ibérica: Ropalóceros II. ICONA. 2. Vives, A., y Huertas, M. (1985):" La hembra de Rhagades predotae y su distribución en España".. SHILAP, 13 (50): 95-97. Zygaena ignifera (Korb, 1897). Zygaena ignifera Korb, 1897.
    [Show full text]
  • One-Note Samba: the Biogeographical History of the Relict Brazilian Butterfly
    Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2015) ORIGINAL One-note samba: the biogeographical ARTICLE history of the relict Brazilian butterfly Elkalyce cogina Gerard Talavera1,2,3*, Lucas A. Kaminski1,4, Andre V. L. Freitas4 and Roger Vila1 1Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC- ABSTRACT Universitat Pompeu Fabra), 08003 Barcelona, Aim Biogeographically puzzling taxa represent an opportunity to understand Spain, 2Department of Organismic and the processes that have shaped current species distributions. The systematic Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, placement and biogeographical history of Elkalyce cogina, a small lycaenid but- Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, 3Faculty of terfly endemic to Brazil and neighbouring Argentina, are long-standing puzzles. Biology and Soil Science, St Petersburg State We use molecular tools and novel biogeographical and life history data to clar- University, 199034 St Petersburg, Russia, ify the taxonomy and distribution of this butterfly. 4 Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto Location South America, with emphasis on the Atlantic Rain Forest and Cer- de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de rado biomes (Brazil and Argentina). Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil Methods We gathered a data set of 71 Polyommatini (Lycaenidae) samples, including representatives of all described subtribes and/or sections. Among these, we contributed new sequences for E. cogina and four additional relevant taxa in the target subtribes Everina, Lycaenopsina and Polyommatina. We inferred a molecular phylogeny based on three mitochondrial genes and four nuclear markers to assess the systematic position and time of divergence of E. cogina. Ancestral geographical ranges were estimated with the R package BioGeoBEARS. To investigate heterogeneity in clade diversification rates, we used Bayesian analysis of macroevolutionary mixtures (bamm).
    [Show full text]
  • How Much Biodiversity Is in Natura 2000?
    Alterra Wageningen UR Alterra Wageningen UR is the research institute for our green living environment. P.O. Box 47 We off er a combination of practical and scientifi c research in a multitude of How much Biodiversity is in Natura 2000? 6700 AA Wageningen disciplines related to the green world around us and the sustainable use of our living The Netherlands environment, such as fl ora and fauna, soil, water, the environment, geo-information The “Umbrella Eff ect” of the European Natura 2000 protected area network T +31 (0) 317 48 07 00 and remote sensing, landscape and spatial planning, man and society. www.wageningenUR.nl/en/alterra The mission of Wageningen UR (University & Research centre) is ‘To explore Technical report Alterra Report 2730B the potential of nature to improve the quality of life’. Within Wageningen UR, ISSN 1566-7197 nine specialised research institutes of the DLO Foundation have joined forces with Wageningen University to help answer the most important questions in the Theo van der Sluis, Ruud Foppen, Simon Gillings, Thomas Groen, René Henkens, Stephan Hennekens, domain of healthy food and living environment. With approximately 30 locations, 6,000 members of staff and 9,000 students, Wageningen UR is one of the leading Kim Huskens, David Noble, Fabrice Ottburg, Luca Santini, Henk Sierdsema, Andre van Kleunen, organisations in its domain worldwide. The integral approach to problems and Joop Schaminee, Chris van Swaay, Bert Toxopeus, Michiel Wallis de Vries and Lawrence Jones-Walters the cooperation between the various disciplines
    [Show full text]
  • Nota Lepidopterologica
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Nota lepidopterologica Jahr/Year: 1989 Band/Volume: Supp_1 Autor(en)/Author(s): diverse Artikel/Article: VI. Congress of European Lepidopterology Sanremo 5- 9.IV. 1988 Summaries of the lectures Zusammenfassung der Vorträge Résumé des exposés Supplement 1-76 ©Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica; download unter http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ und www.zobodat.at NOTA lepidopterologica VI. Congress of European Lepidopterology Sanremo 5-9.IV. 1988 Summaries of the lectures Zusammenfassung der Vorträge Résumé des exposés Supplement No. 1 1989 ISSN 0342-7536 ©Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica; download unter http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ und www.zobodat.at NOTA LEPIDOPTEROLOGICA Revue de la Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica Prière d'envoyer les manuscrits au rédacteur : Emmanuel de Bros, «La Fleurie», Rebgasse 28, CH-4102 Binningen/BL. Instructions pour les auteurs Cette revue est réservée à des travaux courts originaux consacrés aux Lépidoptères paléarctiques. Les manuscrits ne devraient pas avoir plus de 15 pages dactylogra- phiées (y compris les tableaux et figures). Tous les travaux doivent être dactylographiés (double interligne, large marge), avec au moins une copie. Toutes les pages doivent être numérotées et porter le nom du premier auteur à droite en haut. Les mots, notamment les termes techniques, ne os doivent pas être coupés à la fin des lignes. Voir les derniers N de Nota lepid. pour le style et le format. Les légendes des figures et tableaux doivent être dactylographiées sur une feuille ad hoc, placée après la liste des ouvrages cités. Les dessins au trait doivent être faits à l'encre de Chine, en dimension double de la dimension finale.
    [Show full text]
  • Microstructural Investigations of Wing Scales of Three Cupido Schrank (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Polyommatinae) Species
    NORTH-WESTERN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 11 (1): 8-15 ©NwjZ, Oradea, Romania, 2015 Article No.: 141204 http://biozoojournals.ro/nwjz/index.html Microstructural investigations of wing scales of three Cupido Schrank (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Polyommatinae) species Odette LOBIUC* and Andrei LOBIUC “Al. I. Cuza” University, Faculty of Biology, Carol I Bld., No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania. *Corresponding author, O. Lobiuc, E-mail: [email protected] Received: 01. September 2013 / Accepted: 11. March 2014 / Available online: 17. October 2014 / Printed: June 2015 Abstract. Microstructural analyses in plant and animal taxa have revealed interesting features, implying ecological rationale. In lycaenids, scales of the wings possess several types of microstructures which, by layout and composition, assign unique properties to the scales. Due to different optical attributes of scales of distinct species, variability of mentioned structures was found. Considering that evolutionary factors have generated such variability, it could be worthwhile to see if quantitative parameters of scale structures are specific to different taxa. The current paper investigates such parameters in three species of the Cupido genus, C. argiades (Pallas, 1771), C. decoloratus (Staudinger, 1886) and C. alcetas (Hoffmannsegg, 1804), for which quantitative data is missing in literature. Distances between ridges and ribs, number and area of holes and filling factors were calculated from scanning electron microscope images. Statistical differences were found for some of the parameters between the analysed species for scales with structural colour properties. The findings illustrate a variability that adds to other similar studies reporting microstructural variations on lycaenid taxa. Keywords: lycaenids, ridges, ribs, holes, interspecific differences. Introduction spaces between them consist of air, thus the scale is composed of substances with different light re- One of the most obvious traits of many lycaenids fraction indices.
    [Show full text]