Wyre Forest District Council Principal Contact Richard Williams
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Detailed Assessment of Air Quality in Wyre Forest District Council Sulphur Dioxide Document Control Client Wyre Forest District Council Principal contact Richard Williams Job Number J633 Document prepared by: Dr Denise Welch Document Status and Review Schedule Issue Report Date Status Reviewed by No. No. 1 633/2/D1 27th November 2008 Draft Report Prof. Duncan Laxen 2 633/2/F1 29th January 2009 Final Report Prof. Duncan Laxen 3 633/2/F2 16th April 2009 Final Report Prof. Duncan Laxen This report has been prepared by Air Quality Consultants Ltd on behalf of the Client, taking into account the agreed scope of works. Unless otherwise agreed, this document and all other Intellectual Property Rights remain the property of Air Quality Consultants Ltd. In preparing this report, Air Quality Consultants Ltd has exercised all reasonable skill and care, taking into account the objectives and the agreed scope of works. Air Quality Consultants Ltd does not accept any liability in negligence for any matters arising outside of the agreed scope of works. When issued in electronic format, Air Quality Consultants Ltd does not accept any responsibility for any unauthorised changes made by others. Air Quality Consultants Ltd 23 Coldharbour Road, Bristol BS6 7JT Tel: 0117 974 1086 12 Airedale Road, London SW12 8SF Tel: 0208 673 4313 [email protected] Registered Office: 12 St Oswalds Road, Bristol, BS6 7HT Companies House Registration No: 2814570 Wyre Forest District Council Sulphur Dioxide DA Contents 1 Introduction...................................................................................................................2 2 Assessment Methodology.............................................................................................6 3 Monitoring Results.........................................................................................................7 4 Modelling.......................................................................................................................9 5 Conclusions.................................................................................................................12 6 References..................................................................................................................13 7 Glossary......................................................................................................................13 8 Appendix 1 - Model Input Parameters and Scaling Factor...........................................14 J633 1 of 17 April 2009 Wyre Forest District Council Sulphur Dioxide DA 1 Introduction 1.1 Air Quality Consultants has been commissioned by Wyre Forest District Council to undertake a Detailed Assessment for sulphur dioxide as a result of coal-fired locomotive emissions at Bewdley Station. 1.2 The Severn Valley Railway Line in the vicinity of Bewdley was badly damaged as a result of flooding across large areas of Worcestershire and surrounding areas in the summer of 2007. Once the heritage railway line was repaired and service resumed, monitoring at a local property was commenced. This report presents the results of three months of monitoring carried out during the period 11th August to 30th October 2008, and a modelling study carried out to confirm whether there are any likely exceedences of any of the relevant objectives at worst-case locations. The Review and Assessment Process 1.3 The Government’s most recent Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland (Defra, 2007) sets out a framework for air quality management, which includes a number of air quality objectives. National and international measures are expected to achieve these objectives in most locations, but where areas of poor air quality remain, air quality management at a local scale has a particularly important role to play. Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 requires local authorities to periodically review and assess the current, and likely future air quality in their areas. The role of this process is to identify areas where it is unlikely that the air quality objectives will be achieved. These locations must be designated as Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) and a subsequent Air Quality Action Plan developed in order to reduce pollutant emissions in pursuit of the objectives. 1.4 Review and Assessment is a long-term, ongoing process, structured as a series of ‘rounds’. Local authorities in England, Scotland and Wales have now largely completed the first three rounds of Review and Assessment, with the fourth round to commence in 2009. 1.5 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance (LAQM.TG(03) and LAQM.TG(08); Defra, 2003 and 2008) sets out a phased approach to the second, third and fourth rounds of Review and Assessment. This prescribes an initial Updating and Screening Assessment (USA), which all authorities must undertake. It is based on a checklist to identify any matters that have changed since the first round. If the USA identifies any areas where there is a risk that the objectives may J633 2 of 17 April 2009 Wyre Forest District Council Sulphur Dioxide DA be exceeded, which were not identified in the previous round, then the local authority should progress to a Detailed Assessment. 1.6 The purpose of the Detailed Assessment is to determine whether an exceedence of an air quality objective is likely and the geographical extent of that exceedence. If the outcome of the Detailed Assessment is that one or more of the air quality objectives is being or is likely to be exceeded, then an Air Quality Management Area must be declared. Subsequent to the declaration of an Air Quality Management Area, a Further Assessment should be carried out to confirm that the Air Quality Management Area declaration is justified; that the appropriate area has been declared; to ascertain the sources contributing to the exceedence; and to calculate the magnitude of reduction in emissions required to achieve the objective. This information can be used to inform an Air Quality Action Plan, which will identify measures to improve local air quality. 1.7 This report represents a Detailed Assessment within the third Round of Review and Assessment, following findings from Wyre Forest District Council’s Updating and Screening Assessment published in 2006 (Wyre Forest District Council, 2006). The Air Quality Objectives 1.8 The Government’s Air Quality Strategy (Defra, 2007) provides air quality standards and objectives for key air pollutants, which are designed to protect human health and the environment. It also sets out how the different sectors: industry, transport and local government, can contribute to achieving the air quality objectives. The objectives are prescribed within The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (The Stationery Office, 2000) and The Air Quality (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2002 (The Stationery Office, 2002). This latter publication set more stringent objectives for benzene and carbon monoxide. The ‘standards’ are set as concentrations below which health effects are unlikely even in sensitive population groups, or below which risks to public health would be exceedingly small. They are based purely upon the scientific and medical evidence of the effects of a particular pollutant. The ‘objectives’ set out the extent to which the Government expects the standards to be achieved by a certain date. Table 1 summarises the objectives which are relevant to this report. 1.9 The air quality objectives only apply where members of the public are likely to be regularly present for the averaging time of the objective (i.e. where people will be exposed to pollutants). For the 24- hour objective, these locations include the façades of residential properties, schools and hospitals. The 1-hour objective also applies at these locations, as well as at any outdoor location where a member of the public might reasonably be expected to stay for 1 hour or more, such as shopping streets, parks and sports grounds, as well as bus stations and railway stations that are not fully J633 3 of 17 April 2009 Wyre Forest District Council Sulphur Dioxide DA enclosed. The 15-minute objective applies to those locations where a member of the public might reasonably be expected to remain for 15 minutes or more. Table 1: Air Quality Objectives for Sulphur Dioxide. To be Pollutant Status Time Period Objective / Value Achieved by 350 mg/m3 not to be exceeded more 1-hour mean 2004 than 24 times a year 24-hour 125 mg/m3 not to be exceeded more Sulphur Statutory UK 2004 Dioxide Objective mean than 3 times a year 15-minute 266 mg/m3 not to be exceeded more 2005 mean than 35 times a year Key findings of previous Review and Assessment work 1.10 As part of the first round of assessment work, Wyre Forest District Council submitted a Stage 3 Assessment for nitrogen dioxide in June 2002. This assessment concluded that the nitrogen dioxide annual mean objective would be exceeded in two locations. The Council therefore declared Air Quality Management Areas in Welch Gate in Bewdley and at the Horsefair (Blackwell Street) in Kidderminster in 2002. Both Air Quality Management Areas remain in place, and are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. 1.11 Monitoring presented in Wyre Forest District Council’s 2006 USA identified exceedences of the nitrogen dioxide annual mean objective at a monitoring location at 69 Coventry Street. A Detailed Assessment was therefore required at this location which confirmed the need for an Air Quality Management Area in the vicinity of this monitoring location. This is currently in the process