Experiences and Initial results from Terna’s Energy Storage Projects Anna Carolina Tortora Head of Innovation Research and Development 1 Agenda Introduction to the TSO The Context The Approach to Energy Storage The Projects The Tests • Grid Scale • Lab Scale Main Lessons Learned Future Developments Annex 2 Agenda Introduction to the TSO The Context The Approach to Energy Storage The Projects The Tests • Grid Scale • Lab Scale Main Lessons Learned Future Developments Annex 3 Terna is…. ...the largest independent transmission system operator (TSO) in Europe and the sixth in the world . ...the owner of the Italian High Voltage National Transmission Grid . ...responsible for the transmission and dispatching of electricity throughout the Country . ...in charge of the development and maintenance of the Grid, employing a workforce of ~3,500 . ...listed on the Italian Stock Exchange since 2004, with a market cap of about € 8,7 Billion. Numbers ... … and Premises Grid ~ 72,000 Km of three-phase conductors in Italy 22 Interconnections lines with foreign countries 841 Substations Montenegro Assets 8 Transmission Operating Areas 8 Distribution Centers 3 Remote-Control Centers 1 Foreign Subsidiary Serbi a Electricity Market 310 TWh of energy consumption (2014) Transmission Operating Areas 59,400 MW demand peak (July 2015) Distribution Centers Remote-Control Centers Foreign Subsidiary 4 4 Agenda Introduction to the TSO The Context The Approach to Energy Storage The Projects The Tests • Grid Scale • Lab Scale Main Lessons Learned Future Developments Annex 5 The Italian Context…back in 2010 Causes Effects Mitigating actions •Economic crisis and subsequent • Fast and massive growth of RES: loss of many big consumers (i.e. Rise in congestion-related curtailments national demand decreased 7% (i.e. 2010 500 GWh lost) from 340 TWh to 318 TWh) Rise in demand for non-spinning Optimize integration of RES and •Aggressive policy of incentives reserve increase flexibility of national promoting RES + imminence of • Traditional power plants running at grid (i.e. smarter grid) grid parity minimum load: •Short time to fortify and develop Loss of inertia in smaller insular the grid to support new scenarios systems (i.e. Sicily and Sardinia) Loss of available frequency reserves Optimize RES Integration and increase system’s reserves Ease Power Problem Congestion Energy Problem Compensate for low inertia 6 The Tools for the Defense of the Grid Past Future The physical resistance (inertia) of the system against frequency change due to an imbalance. Instantaneous/ Spinning Reserve Spinning Ensures that f Imbalance Primary Secondary Tertiary power Primary frequency (in Stops Imbalance Europe) is Primary Regulation always kept at 50 Hz Time Ensures that power frequency Power (in Europe) is brought back to 50 Hz Regulation Secondary Partially complements Time and finally replaces 30 Seconds all of Europe responds Secondary Reserve by re-scheduling 100-200 Seconds The country in which the event happens responds Tertiary Regulation generation. 15 – 120 Minutes The country in which the event happens responds 7 Focus on Loss of Inertia and of Flexibility Flexibility is Example 2011 Event in Sicily Defined as the Loss of a Group coupled with the system’s very low Inertia and the high amount of Distributed Capacity of an Generation caused a very fast Frequency drop and the activation of Emergency Load Shedding Asset to react to Different Definition Scenarios Means that all Event: Loss of a Generation planned assets must Group be adequate to today’s as well as Energy Mix Energy tomorrow’s Grid The Changing The 49.7 Hz: Loss of Distributed PV Has been traditionally evaluated by assessing the point of highest demand of the Grid the of The adequacy The The net increase in DG 49 Hz: Activation of Emergency makes this approach Load Shedding alone ineffective so new methods are necessary Generation Distributed <10 s 8 Agenda Introduction to the TSO The Context The Approach to Energy Storage The Projects The Tests • Grid Scale • Lab Scale Main Lessons Learned Future Developments Annex 9 Terna’s Energy Storage Strategy Analysis of Storage Knowledge of different TECHNICAL ANALYSIS BEST TECHNOLOGY PER applications energy storage APPLICATION technologies Testing phase to analyze the technology’s Selection of the constraints Market arbitrage/load technologies shifting Transmission avoidance/deferral Energy intensive applications System operationPrimary reserve ORIGINATION ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS Secondary/tertiary reserve Benefits’ evaluation and Distribution Costs’ quantification avoidance/deferral PV and storage Off-grid DEFINITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF A VIRTUAL STORAGE PLANT A Platform capable of integrating the characteristics and limitations of each technology while maximizing their performance and reducing additional costs stemming from non-optimal usage 10 There are Many More Applications… Thermal and Renewable Generators Optimization of Fuel Consumption Primary Reserve Compensation Regulation Services to Grid Generators Generation Smoothing Load Following Distribution and Transmission Primary Reserve (f and V) Secondary Reserve (f and V) Congestion Management Synthetic Inertia System Operators System T&D Investment Deferral/Avoidance Public Service, Large Industrial E-mobility Consumers and Domestic Consumers Support to Energy Efficient Techs Peak Shaving UPS Service Consumers Demand Management Renewable Management 11 Terna’s Storage Technology Portfolio P & E are decoupled 30 -60 seconds 0,5 – 1 hour 2 – 4 hours 7 hours • Procurement on going Power Intensive Power 9,2 MW 3,4 MW 0,85 MW 35 MW Intensive Energy installed installed procured installed Grid support (e.g. frequency regulation) Grid Defense System Congestion management Power Quality & UPS Load Shifting Main applications 12 Terna’s Storage Projects Energy Intensive Power Intensive • Mission : reduce grid congestions • Mission: increase safety of grid • Total Power: ≈35 MW • Total Power: ≈ 40 MW • Solution: NaS Sodium Sulfur • Solutions: Li-Ion, Zebra, Flow, Supercaps • Number of sites: 3 • Number of sites: 2 • Investment Size: 160 €mln; • Investment Size: 93 €mln; Site 1: Ginestra • Total Capacity: ≈ 12 MW PHASE I: 16 MW Storage Lab • Status: operational Site 1 Codrongianos • Total Power: ≈ 9,15 MW Site 2 Flumeri • • Status: operational ≈ 5,4 MW Total Capacity: ≈ 12 MW • in commissioning ≈ 2,1 MW Status: operational under construction ≈ 0,4 MW procurement initiated ≈ 1,25 MW Site 3 Scampitella Site 2 Ciminna • Total Capacity: ≈ 10.8 MW • Total Power: ≈ 6,8 MW • Status: operational • Status: operational ≈ 5,1 MW under construction ≈ 0,45 MW tender to be submitted ≈ 1,25 MW PHASE II: 24 MW Casuzze and Codrongianos: to be initiated 13 Agenda Introduction to the TSO The Context The Approach to Energy Storage The Projects The Tests • Grid Scale • Lab Scale Main Lessons Learned Future Developments Annex 14 Power Intensive Projects 1st Phase Storage Lab (16 MW) 2nd Phase (24 MW) Sardinia: Sardinia: 10 MW 12 MW Codrongianos Codrongianos Sicily: Sicily: 6 MW 12 MW Casuzze Ciminna Provide essential services: • Frequency regulation; Develop an Advanced • Secondary Regulation; Assess the performance Control System for the • Integration in TSO’s characteristics of multiple management of multiple control systems; Energy Storage Systems EESS Technologies (Virtual Storage Plant) OBJECTIVES • Power Quality. 15 Energy Intensive Projects Benevento 2 – Celle San Vito Benevento 2 – Bisaccia 380 IVPC VOLTURARA CAMPOBASSO EDENS VOLTURARA VOLTURARA CERCEMAGGIORE MONTORSI IVPC ALBERONA FLABRUM WIND ENERGY EDENS ALBERONA ALBERONA IVPC POW3 FOIANO CASTELPAGANO FOGGIA FOIANO ROSETO IVPC4 ROSETO ASI T. FV IVPC EDENS C.S.V. TROIA FOIANO FEO FORTORE E. R. DAUNIA SEA 12 MW EDENS S. FAETO MARGHERITA FOIANO GIORGIO L.M. MONTEFALCONE CELLE S.VITO COLLE SANNITA EOS FAETO FORTORE E. GINESTRA CER EOS4 F. CASTELF. IVPC4 C.S.V. 12 MW GINESTRA DEGLI MARGHERITA F.. IVPC M. SCHIAVONI W.F. U. SAVIGNANO FS EDENS M. AVINO DAUNIA W. Flumeri ECOENERGIA MONTELEONE DAUNIA CALVELLO SAVIGNANO IRP. ARIANO IRPINO PRESENZANO BENEVENTO APICE FS NUOVA SE BENEVENTO IND. GONGOLO GONGOLO BENEVENTO 2 VALLESACCARDA BENEVENTO FS Ginestra FLUMERI S. SOFIA FOIANO AIROLA / MONTEFALCONE TROIA MONTESERCHIO AVELLINO STURNO SAVIGNANO FS SAVIGNANO ACCADIA IRP. PRESENZANO BENEVENTO ARIANO IRPINO APICE FS ARIANO VALLESACCARDA BENEVENTO 2 BENEVENTO IND. BENEVENTO FS SCAMPITELLA FLUMERI LACEDONIA DURAZZANO BISACCIA AIROLA S. SOFIA STURNO MONTESARCHIO BISACCIA X X MATERA X X ANDRETTA PRATA P.U. FIAT PRAT.S. UTE NOVOLEGNO Provide essential services: FMA PRATOLA SER. GOLETO CALITRI 12 MW S.ANGELO AVELLINO CASTELNUOVO N Reduce local SOLOFRA •Frequency regulation; CALABRITTO congestions on • Secondary Regulation; Scampitella CONTURSI FS TUSCIANO CONTURSI MONTECORVINO BUCCINO the HV grid SICIGNANO •Tertiary reserve; CAMPAGNA TANAGRO LAINO ROTONDA OBJECTIVES •Voltage Support. 16 Agenda Introduction to the TSO The Context The Approach to Energy Storage The Projects The Tests • Grid Scale • Lab Scale Main Lessons Learned Future Developments Annex 17 Overview of Terna’s Testing Activities •Frequency Regulation Purpose of testing is to collect enough knowhow to be able to select the best •Grid •Voltage Regulation technology according to the desired Scale(>1MW) •Power Quality application •Increase in Reliability testing •Grid Stabilization The Storage Lab project has been •Efficiency analysis designed to analyze the Focus om EESS’s EESS’s om Focus performances of selected technologies when used to