Initial Environmental Examination
Document Stage: Final Project Number: 38254
September 2010
India: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 2)—Koppal CMC
Prepared by Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development Finance Corporation
For the Government of Karnataka North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program
The initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation, Government of Karnataka
North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program
Package II – Bellary Tranche II Sub-Projects in Koppal CMC Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Final
SEPTEMBER 2010
Span Consultants Private Limited
NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub-projects in Koppal CMC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
ACRONYMS ADB : Asian Development Bank ASI : Archeological Survey of India ASP : Activated Sludge Process BM : Bituminous Macadam CMC : City Municipal Council DI : Ductile Iron DoEEF : Department of Ecology, Environment and Forests EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment EMP : Environmental Management Plan FAL : Facultative Aerated Lagoon GI : Galvanized Iron GoI : Government of India GoK : Government of Karnataka HH : Households IA : Implementing Agency IEE : Initial Environmental Examination KSPCB : Karnataka State Pollution Control Board KUIDFC : Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development & Financial Corporation KUWS&DB : Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Drainage Board MLD : Million Litre per Day MoEF : Ministry of Environment and Forests MSL : Mean Sea Level MSS : Mix Seal Surface NKUSIP : North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program NOC : No Objection Certificate
NOx : Oxides of Nitrogen OM : Operations Manual O&M : Operation and Maintenance PC : Program consultant PMU : Program Monitoring Unit PWD : Public Works Department SS : Suspended solids STP : Sewage Treatment Plant UGD : Underground Drainage WHO : World Health Organization WRDO : Water Resource Development Organization
KUIDFC SPAN NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub-projects in Koppal CMC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION...... 1 1.1 Overview ...... 1 1.2 Environmental Regulatory Compliance ...... 1 1.3 Purpose of Initial Environmental Examination ...... 2 1.4 Scope of IEE study...... 3 1.5 Report Structure ...... 3
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVESTMENT PROGRAM COMPONENTS ...... 4 2.1 Goal of NKUSIP Investment Program ...... 4 2.2 Investment program Components ...... 4 2.3 Project Location………………………………………………………………….....7 2.4 Type of Project ...... 7 2.5 Need for the Project ...... 7 2.6 Existing Basic Infrastructure Facilities in Koppal CMC ...... 9 2.6.1Sewerage and Sanitation System ...... 9 2.7 Improvement Proposals for Koppal CMC ...... 9 2.7.1Sewerage System ...... 9 2.8 Proposed schedule for implementation ...... 20 2.9 Investment Program Alternatives ...... 20 2.10 Investment Program Benefits ...... 21
3. ENVIRONMENTAL DESCRIPTION ...... 23 3.1 Physical Resources...... 23 3.1.1 Topography and Soils ...... 23 3.1.2 Atmosphere...... …...24 3.1.3 Geology and Seismology ...... 24 3.2 Ecological Resources ...... 24 3.3 Economic Development ...... 25 3.4 Social and Cultural Resources ...... 25 3.4.1 Population and Community ...... 25 3.4.2 Household size ...... 27 3.4.3 Sex Ratio ...... 27
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3.4.4 Literacy Rate ...... 27 3.4.5 Occupation ...... 27 3.4.6 Work Force Participation Rate ...... 28 3.4.8 Major Socio Economic Facilities ...... 29 3.4.9 Physical or Cultural heritage ...... 30 3.4.10 Land Use ...... 29 3.4.11 Historic and Cultural Places ...... 30 3.5 Environmental Settings for Program Components – Sewerage system and STP .... 30
4. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES...... 32 4.1 Introduction ...... 32 4.2 Location Impacts ...... 32 4.3 Design Impacts...... 32 4.4 Construction Impacts ...... 33 4.5 Operation and Maintenance (O & M) Impacts ...... 33 4.6 Screening of potential environmental impacts ...... 33
5. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLANS ...... 44 5.1 Institutional Requirements ...... 44 5.2 Environmental Monitoring Plans ...... 49
6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ...... 62
7. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 64 7.1 Findings...... 66 7.2 Recommendations ...... 66
8. CONCLUSIONS ...... 67
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List of Tables Table 1.1:Environmental Regulatory Compliance of NKUSIP Components ...... 2 Table 2.1: Water borne/related Diseases in Karnataka ...... 7 Table 2.3: Proposal for sewerage system of the program ...... 13 Table 2.4: Salient Features of Proposed Sewerage system and STP ...... 13 Table 2.5: Details of land proposed for SPS/LS/MPS ...... 14 Table 2.6: Design Parameters of STP ...... 17 Table 2.7: Investment Program Alternatives ...... 21 Table 3.1: Demography of Koppal CMC ...... 27 Table 3.2: Details of Population Density ...... 26 Table 3.3: Population growth ...... 27 Table 3.4: Workforce Participation in 1991 ...... 28 Table 3.5: Existing Socio Economic Conditions ...... 29 Table 3.6: Existing land Use (2001 - Existing) ...... 29 Table 4.1: Screening of potential environmental impacts ...... 331 Table 4.2: Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Sewerage system for the Koppal ULB ...... 43 Table 4.3: Sludge Management Plan ...... 43 Table 5.1: Institutional Roles and Responsibilities...... 47 Table 5.2: Training Requirements (2009-2016) ...... 48 Table 5.3: Environmental Monitoring Plan for Sewerage System ...... 50 Table 5.4: Occupational Health Risks and Safety Plan for workers ...... 58 Table 5.5: Annual environmental cost estimate (2009) ...... 61 Table 6.1: Public Comments and mitigation measures ...... 63
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List of Maps Map 2.1: Location of Karnataka in India……………………………………………………...5 Map 2.2: Koppal District in Karnataka Map ...... 5 Map 2.3: Koppal CMC Base Map ...... 6 Map 2.4: Sewerage Network in Koppal CMC ...... 12 Map 2.5: Proposed Sewerage Network in Koppal CMC ...... 15 Map 2.6: STP site Location Map ...... 18 Map 2.7: Proposed STP layout……………………………………………………………….199
List of Figures
Fig. 2.1: Koppal; City Municipal Council ...... 6 Fig. 5.1: NKUSIP Implementing Organization Hierarchy ...... 455 Photo. 6.1: Public Consultation ...... 64
Appendices Appendix 1: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist – Sewerage System………..i
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview
1. The Government of Karnataka (GoK) through the Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) has prepared the North Karnataka urban Sector Investment Programme (NKUSIP) under the Asian Development Bank (ADB) assistance. Seven ULBs have been considered for the Package IV – Bellary under NKUSIP. They include Bellary, Hospet, Raichur, Chamrajnagar, Koppal, Sindhnur, Gangavathi ULBs. The poor infrastructure facilities and services such as water supply, sewerage and sanitation and risk of infectious diseases in the project area forces NKUSIP to select Koppal ULB for improvement. The primary objective of NKUSIP is to promote economic development in North Karnataka through urban infrastructure provision, focusing on the improvement of environmental sanitation and public health through equitable distribution of urban basic services that are environmentally sound and operationally sustainable. This will also enhances the quality life of people.
2. The aim of Investment Program is to improve the environmental condition of urban areas. However, the proposed improvements of infrastructure facilities may exert certain adverse impacts on the natural environment during construction and Operation stages. Impacts during the construction stage are expected to be more severe than impacts during the operation phase, though for a short duration. However, the provision of sewage treatment plant may exert adverse impacts during the operation phase also, if due care is not taken. Most of the impacts are activity-specific. Nevertheless, if due care is taken during the construction phase, negative impacts due to investment Program will be far outweighed by positive impacts.
1.2 Environmental Regulatory Compliance
3. The environmental regulations and mandatory requirement for sub-components proposed for Koppal town are indicated in Table 1.1. The table indicates that as far as GoI and GoK Acts/Guidelines are concerned, the proposed Investment Programs do not need to go thorough environmental assessment process; however, as specified below, few sub-project components may require consent from Competent Authorities.
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Table 1.1: Environmental Regulatory Compliance of NKUSIP Components Sector Sub- Applicability of Compliance Criteria component Act/Guidelines Sewerage Sewage The Water (Prevention & Consent for Establishment and Treatment Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Consent for Operation Sanitation Plant & 1978 from KSPCB All Sectors All Sub- The Environmental Policy and Categorization of sub- (Urban components Operations Manual (OM) 20: project component into A, drainage, Environmental Considerations B or C and developing urban roads, in ADB Operation. required level of slum up- environmental assessment gradation, Environmental Assessment for each component. non- Guidelines, 2003 municipal components- fire services, etc.)
4. According to ADB guidelines (2003), environmental assessment of a proposed project is at the initial stages of Investment Program (Preparatory Stage). As per the ADB Guidelines, the proposed project components are categorized into A, B or C category projects to establish the level of environmental assessment needed to address potential environmental impacts. It is understood from the IEE study that there are no significant potential environmental impacts from the proposed Investment Program. Therefore, an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is not required for this development project (Category A is ruled out). However, the study reveals that there are less significant impacts of the project on the environment and are of short duration. Therefore, only Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is required (Category B is considered). Category ‘C’ is not applicable since IEE is required for the program components. Hence, IEE has been carried out with identification of potential impacts and necessary feasible mitigation measures with due importance given for sustainable environment.
1.3 Purpose of Initial Environmental Examination
5. The purpose of IEE in the urban improvement program sub-projects is to fulfill the ADB’s environmental assessment requirement for sector loans. Owing to the scale and nature of the proposed infrastructure components and environmental profile of the NKUSIP sub-project towns, almost all Investment Program components are unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. Therefore, as per the ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines, the sub-project components proposed in Koppal town under
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NKUSIP are categorized as ‘B’ and accordingly, initial environmental examination (IEE) has been carried out.
1.4 Scope of IEE study
6. The IEE is one of the effective tools in the development project to implement the required development activities in an eco-friendly mode. The IEE report has been prepared mainly based on secondary sources of information and field reconnaissance surveys; no field environmental monitoring survey was conducted. Stakeholder consultation was an integral part of the IEE.
1.5 Report Structure
7. This Report is framed with 8 Sections including this Introduction Chapter: 1. Introduction 2. Project Description 3. Environmental Description 4. Screening of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 5. Institutional requirements and Environmental Monitoring Plans 6. Public consultation and Information Disclosure 7. Findings and Recommendations 8. Conclusions
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2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVESTMENT PROGRAM COMPONENTS
2.1 Goal of NKUSIP Investment Program
8. The lack/inadequacy of certain basic facilities along with poor quality of environment and life in northern part of Karnataka has forced North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (NKUSIP) to be initiated. The developmental goal of NKUSIP is to provide financial assistance to ULBs for necessary basic facilities in Municipal Corporations and to facilitate economic growth in the surrounding areas. The goal of the NKUSIP is to enhance economic condition in ULBs through proper distribution of urban basic services that are eco-friendly, techno-feasible and operation sustainable.
2.2 Investment program Components
9. The goal of the NKUSIP is to enhance economic condition in ULBs through proper distribution of urban basic services that are eco-friendly, techno-feasible and operation sustainable. The Investment Program Components are listed below: i. Water supply ii. Sewerage and Sanitation iii. Storm water drainage (Drainage Up-gradation) iv. Urban roads v. Poverty Alleviation (Slum infrastructure improvement) vi. Non-municipal infrastructure – Fire services, Lake Development and Tourism 2.3 Project Location 10. Koppal town is one of the important and rapidly growing towns in Koppal district and it is the second largest town in the district. It is an important commercial centre. Its main economic base is agriculture due to better irrigation facilities under Tungabhadra project. The town has high growth potential due to its geographical location and Historical background. 11. Koppal is situated at 150 35’ North latitude and 760 15’ East longitudes. The altitude of the place is 532 to 578 m above the mean sea level. Koppal city is popularly called as gateway to North Karnataka. Koppal is well connected by both roadway and railway to Bangalore, Mumbai, Chennai and Hyderabad. The town has locational advantage of being situated on the Guntakal-Hubli broad gauge railway line. National Highway-63 connecting Hubli to Bellary passes through the town. Distances to important cities of
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the state like Hubli is 150 Kms, Gulbarga 400Kms, Mangalore 410Kms and Mysore 500 Kms. Koppal town Municipal Council has its jurisdiction up to an area of 28.78 sq. km, housing a population of 56,145 within 31 wards. As per 2001 census, the population of Koppal town is 56,145 and the no. of households is 9636. The population as per 20011 census is 72,962.
Map: 2.1 Location of Karnataka State in INDIA
Map: 2.2 Koppal District in Karnataka State, INDIA
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Map 2.3: Koppal CMC Base Map
Fig. 2.1: Koppal City Municipal Council
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12. The geography of the Koppal CMC includes Tunga Bhadra Dam within 35 Km from the town. The town is situated on gentle ground slope towards the south. A hillock abuts the town on all along western side and stretches for a considerable length on southern side also. 13. Koppal CMC is Grade – I CMC situated 370 km from Bangalore North West of Karnataka state and is the headquarters of Koppal District. Koppal District is bound by Raichur district on the East, Koppal district on the South, Haveri states on the West and Gadag state on the North.
2.4 Type of Project
14. The Project has been classified as service delivery typed project in which the project improves health and quality of life of the people living in the project towns by facilitating basic infrastructure facilities such as water supply, underground drainage (UGD) facility and storm water drainage.
2.5 Need for the Project
15. Insufficient basic facilities and demand for the same due to increased population year by year and lack of proper technological systems in Koppal CMC have resulted in environmental pollution, poor sanitation and public health problems such as water borne diseases and other associated health risks. This condition demands for the proposed Investment Program component in Koppal ULB. As per the State of Environment Report (SOER), Dept. of Forest, Ecology & Environment, GoK, 2003, health risks are associated with the lack of safe water supply and sanitation facilities. The Table 2.1 presents the health status in Karnataka.
Table 2.1: Water borne/related Diseases in Karnataka Year Gastroenteritis Cholera Leptospirosis Viral Hepatitis Typhoid Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal 1991 17455 691 747 16 -- -- 659 17 -- -- 1992 15262 608 402 14 -- -- 282 17 -- -- 1993 16206 855 424 13 -- -- 678 07 26047 01 1994 15932 325 304 10 -- -- 382 00 20349 00 1995 18645 396 532 38 -- -- 7146 01 10250 00 1996 22983 377 657 06 -- -- 1332 06 22221 12 1997 23665 361 714 10 67 02 1714 04 3880 05 1998 23881 501 434 02 01 00 3824 02 2435 00 1999 17743 126 134 03 54 02 4792 02 24356 01
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2000 31132 265 354 03 03 01 3011 10 27210 00 2001 23893 198 342 01 68 07 5438 28 33346 06 2002 25218 146 384 00 27 00 4578 15 42936 02 Source: SOER, 2003
16. The Koppal ULB specific components of the program are given below: i) Sewerage and Sanitation ii) Waste Supply will be taken care Urban Infrastructure Water supply & Drainage Board iii) Urban Drainage (Storm Water Drainage) will be taken care Urban Infrastructure Water supply & Drainage Board iv) Urban Roads (either by ULB/PWD) v) Non-Municipal Infrastructure (Fire Services and Tourism) 17. Out of the above components, those considered under Tranche 2 are as follows; Table 2.2: Components under Tranche 2
Infrastructure components Description Location Sewerage and sanitation Laying of new sewers Koppal CMC limits for about 119 km. Construction of Sewage treatment plant for 9.00 MLD (Intermediate Phase). House connections 8000 Nos.
18. The structural components of the investment program lie in the city area and most of UGD lines of the proposed project passes along the existing road tracks and leads to natural nallahs. As a whole, the project does not fall in any restricted areas, wildlife national parks, and any other places where the law of the land prohibits any construction activities. In addition, the scale of human settlement or human lives affected because of project activities is quite insignificant.
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2.6 Existing Basic Infrastructure Facilities in Koppal CMC
2.6.1 Sewerage and Sanitation System
19. Koppal town does not have any sewerage system. Individual septic tanks and dry latrines provide the disposal system for the human waste. The domestic wastewater flows through the roadside drains into the nallahs and pollutes the water courses.
20. At present, there is no scientific sewage disposal system in Koppal town. Only about 30% of house holds have septic tank facilities. Remaining population is using open defection which leads un-hygienic conditions in the town. Most of the sewage is directly disposing in to open drains without proper treatment. It is notice sewage stagnation most parts of the city which the main source for mosquito breading and is the main cause for the spreading the water bound disease. The town is expected good growth and the expected total population of the town by 2026 is about 93,737. The total expected sewage by year 2026 is 9.00 MLD.
Latrines 1. No. of Private latrines with septic tanks -500. 2. No. of Public latrines – 47 tanks For functioning of these latrines water is provided in water tanks constructed near the latrines. The tank is filled through CMC water tap or by water tankers. 3. No. of dry latrines--22 4. No. of Flush latrines without septic tanks – 3478
21. Because of the lack of adequate sanitation facilities, the quality of the surface water and shallow ground water sources are affected. The impacts of human waste on public health are spread of water borne diseases, mosquito menace and other associated diseases.
2.7 Improvement Proposals for Koppal CMC
2.7.1 Sewerage System
22. Sewerage and Sanitation component is designed to provide underground drainage (UGD) facilities for domestic wastewater (sewage) in Koppal CMC. The objective of sewerage and sewage treatment and disposal system is to ensure human excreta and other wastewater is properly collected and disposed off without causing any health risks or environmental problems.
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23. The following are the important components of the underground drainage system sewage collection system, sewage pumping stations, pumping main, sewage treatment plant and sewage Water disposal system. As per the scope of the project, it is proposed to design and lay new sewers for a length of 60 kilometer. Based on the survey map various zones have been identified. The proposed sewage collection system for the project city has been designed to the extent possible by gravity flow (minimizing the no. of lift/pumping stations) based on contributing population and proportionate sewage generated in the branch lines. In order to restrict the depth of cutting to 6.00 mts, proposals are made to draw the sewage to one sewage pumping station (Near Thayamma Devi Temple on Baggayanagar road) and 1 pumping station (Near Govt Primary School at Nirmathi Kendra area). Sewage collected at each Sewage Pump Station / Lift station shall be conveyed to the Main Sewage Pump Station, from where it shall be pumped to the STP for treatment. The treated sewage from the treatment plant is let into the nearby- irrigated land or nallah.
24. As seen from the contours, it can be seen that practically there is falling gradient from South to North and turn to East to West portion of the town. Hence from practical point of view and also on technical grounds it is suggested to have the treatment facility on the West side of the town and near Hirehalla.
25. As topography of the town is sloped from South to North and turn towards East to West The collection system has been divided into two zones based on the topography. Zone 2 is located in the core area where population density is high and consequent development potential is presently high.
26. The part of Zone 2 will be taken up for implementation in this project where the population is more and zone 1 are recommended to be taken up for future development. Sewage collected through the network of laterals and branch sewers shall flow by gravity towards the South to North and turn towards East to West of the city.
Zone I: This zone is in the southern side of town and covers parts of ward 1,3,6,7 and the other parts of ward 1,3,6,7 comes under zone II and does not come under the purviews of the Project. The ground profile is sloped from North to South. It is
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proposed to construct one pumping station in this zone on the south side, as contours are falling against the sewer main.
Zone II: Zone-II is located in the central part of the town and South to North area with the ground profile sloped from South to North and turn to East to West. The zone covers ward No. 2 to 31 except 3, 6, 7 and part of ward 1, 3, 6 and 7 Sewage from Zone 2 shall be conveyed by gravity flow.
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Map 2.4: Proposed Sewerage Zones in Koppal CMC
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27. Based on the above consideration, the site for the proposed treatment facility is finalized with an extent of 11.74 acres. This location is about 2.5 kms from Koppal city. Among the various technologies it is proposed to adopt FAL technology for this project and 9 MLD capacity STP will be designed.
28. Sewerage network has been designed for 30 years of design period (2011-2041). The sewerage network is along the existing roads. No further difficulties in terrain and major crossings are found for the sewerage network lines. The current proposal includes the following subcomponents in the design:
Table 2.3: Proposal for sewerage system of the program Sl. No. Description of works 1. Laying of 119 km new sewer lines including road restoration. Design, supply, construction, installation, testing and commissioning of a 2. 9.00 MLD (Intermediate) Facultative aerated lagoon (F.A.L.) proper disposal system satisfying pollution standards. Wet well and pumping machinery for Sewage Pumping Station (55 lps) Near 3. nala on Chikkasindogi road Wet well and pumping machinery for Sewage Pumping Station (337.4 lps) 4. at STP Premises 5. House connections 8000 Nos. Source: DPR
Table 2.4: Salient Features of Proposed Sewerage system and STP Rate of water supply : 100 lpcd Sewage Flow Anticipated (80% of water supply) : 80 lpcd Infiltration : 4 lpcd Total anticipated flow (Intermediate stage) : 9 MLD Total anticipated flow (Ultimate stage) : 12 MLD Length of Sewers (proposed now) : 119 km Wet well : 2 Nos Pumping stations : PS-2 Treatment Method (proposed) Facultative Aerated Lagoons (FAL) Source: DPR
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Table 2.5: Details of land proposed for SPS/LS/MPS Sl.No. Details of SPS/ LS/ MPS Location Details and extent of land required 1. Sewage Pumping Station Near nala on Chikkasindogi 0.10 Guntas / CMC (SPS) road land 2. In STP Premises Sewage Pumping Station 3 near Manglapur village on 12.0 Acre / Private STP Gadag road land Source: DPR
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Map 2.5: Proposed Sewerage Network in Koppal CMC
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Proposed STP
29. As seen from the contours of the Koppal CMC, it can be seen that practically there is falling gradient from South to North and turn to East to West portion of the town. Hence from practical point of view and also on technical grounds it is suggested to have the treatment facility on the West side of the town and near Hirehalla. Based on the above consideration, the site for the proposed treatment facility is finalized in survey numbers 666 and 662 with an extent of 12.0 acres. This is farming land and owned privately. This location is about 2.5 kms from Koppal city. Among the various technologies it is proposed to adopt FAL technology for this project and 9.00 MLD capacity STP will be designed and constructed.
Fig: 2.2 Proposed STP areas Facultative Aerated Lagoons (FAL) 30. Aerated lagoons are suspended growth biological treatment systems, which are generally provided in the form of simple earthen basins varying in depth from 2-5 m in which the mechanical aerators are installed on floats or fixed columns. The mechanical aerators are used to provide oxygen. Facultative aerated lagoons are those in which some solids may leave with the treated sewage stream and some settle down in the lagoon. Aeration power input is just enough for oxygenation and not for keeping all solids in suspension. As the lower part of such lagoon may be anoxic or anaerobic while the upper layers are aerobic, the term facultative is used. In general, aerated lagoons are very small (10-20%) compared to waste stabilization ponds partly because lagoons are deeper and partly because of the detention, time needed for stabilization is less. This treatment process requires less land compared to facultative ponds. The main advantages are less area of land as compared to WSP (Waste Stabilization Pond). Maintenance requirements are
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moderate compared to ASP (Activated Sludge process) method. This method is suitable for small to medium towns, where land is available at moderate cost. The dimension of the proposed treatment units (2 Lagoons in Parallel) will be 117 m * 48 m * 4.8 m (intermediate) and 99 m * 38 m * 4.8 m (ultimate) with water depth of 4.0 m sludge depth of 0.3 m and free board 0.5 m; inner slope 1.5:1 and outer slope 2:1; and 2 baffles. The sewage will have 5 days detention time and aeration will be done through surface aerators 6 nos. of of 15 HP for (intermediate) in each lagoon and surface aerators 6 Nos. of 15 HP in each lagoon (ultimate). Concrete weirs are planned on the incoming and outgoing bays to facilitate inlet and outlet. The overflow from outlet weir shall be discharged on to nearby irrigated land or nallah.
31. Though the treated sewage in the STP proposal meets the standards of surface water disposal, the sewage will be let into the nearby-irrigated land/Nallah after satisfying the requirements of the pollution control board. It is expected that there will be 90% reduction in BOD and COD values in this treatment method.
Table 2.6: Design Parameters of STP Parameter Unit Influent Treated CPCB Standards sewage for Inland surface water Design Flow (Intermediate) MLD 9 9 - Design Flow (Ultimate) MLD 12 12 - Biochemical Oxygen Mg/l 300 <20 <20 Demand (BOD) pH - 6.5-8.2 6.5-8.0 6.5-8.0 Total Coliforms No/100ml 107 <1000 - Detention Time 5 days - Suspended solids - - - <100 Source: DPR for Sewage Treatment
32. There is also a provision to provide buffer zone with green plantation around the STP. The STP area will be provided with access roads, D.G. Room, lighting, etc. and the total area will be fenced and entry into the STP premises will be restricted to authorized persons only. Map 2.7 presents the layout of the proposed STP for Koppal CMC. The proposal does not pose any environmental risks to river water quality. The proposed project may enhance the eco-balance of nearby nallahs and water bodies.
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MH-1236 GL-517.98 m Bhagyanagar IL-513.50 m MH-4005 GL-516.50 m IL-513.21 m MH-4100 GL-515.03 m IL-512.36 m 700mm Ø RCC NP3 Trunk Main Pipe
MH-4092 GL-514.19 m IL-511.72 m
600mm Ø RCC N MH-4018 Trunk Main Pip GL-513.00 m IL-511.12 m
MH-4075 GL-512.34 m IL-510.66 m GANDHI NAGAR Layout Sadashiva Nagar MH-4022 GL-511.02 m IL-509.62 m
1 4 KARNATAKA CEMENT 6 ,0 3 9 Basava Nagar P .0 0 W R O M K H B Colony MH-4066 E P ts T O Ø Ashok rice mill GL-512.04 m W S IL-509.29 m P E E Sree guru 6 U L D Industrial training institute 0 M 0 L S aradar vallabhai patel m P College of Education trust I m N Bannikatte G D Bannikatte M IA A Basava Nagar , D IN I P IP E
Dr. Hegdevar circle Rock area STONE Crusher Rock area Proposed STP Benkinagar GLSR
8MLD Rock area
Rock area
Map 2.6: Location Map STP site
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8.16
700mm Ø Over PROPOSED TRUNK MAIN flow pipe 700mm Ø RCC Pipe
COARSE SCREEN CHAMBER ELECTRICAL CUM GENERATOR ROOM
WETWELL
VALVE CHAMBER
71.40
54.57
33.09 235.00
3.82
12.72 2.50 R8.10 5.10 4.71 3.68 R3.00 2.50 20.07 12.41 600mm Ø, DI Pipe 4.90 R7.90 4.71 R3.00
100.00 FACULATIVE 20.07 50.00 POLISHING POND AERATED LAGOON 100.00
INLET CHAMBER 5.35 1.80 X 2.00MTS. 40.00 SCREEN CHAMBER 95.10 5.00 X 1.00MTS. (2Nos) 33.81 GRIT CHAMBER 4.70 X 4.70MTS. 20.07 Walkway
PARSHAL FLUME CHANNEL 1.00 X 2.20MTS.
114.46 DISTRIBUTION 4.90 5.10 CHAM BER 2.00 X 2.00MTS. 2.50 2.50 135.54 WATCH INFLUENT CHAMBER OUTLET CHAMBER 1.40 X 1.40MTS. (2 Nos.) 2.00 X 2.00 Mts. 4.90 5.10 MEN PRIMARY UNITS SHED
40.00
7.86 100.00 POLISHING POND 100.00 FACULATIVE 50.00 AERATED LAGOON Admin cum Lab
4.90 2.50 3.68 5.10 Staff 2.50 14.69 Quarters 3.82 3.82
Map 2.7: Proposed STP layout
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2.8 Proposed schedule for implementation
33. Implementation of the program is scheduled to be within a period of 6 years (FY 2009- 10 to FY 2015-16) as directed by KUIDFC. Program works to be completed during this period include strict scheduling, monitoring and implementation on site.
2.9 Investment Program Alternatives
34. The environmental feasibility/suitability of proposed components of the Investment Program has been studied based on the location and process/technology for the components. The interaction and the level of interference with the surrounding land use pattern determine the environmental sustainability of the Investment Program components. However, the investment Program components are mostly location specific. The scope for study on alternatives will be only with reference to technology adopted, which is also limited. A variety of technologies is available for STPs. Based on the environmental feasibility a suitable technology has been proposed for the STP. The ultimate design period is 2041.
Alternatives for the proposed STP 35. Koppal is situated at the foot of the rock, with slope from south to north and east to west of the town. The following alternatives have been identified to locate the STP site and the most appropriate alternative (site) is selected in terms of environmental, technical, social, economical and from maintenance point of view.
36. KUWS& DB has proposed to acquire land for sewage treatment plant on right side of Gadag road near Hirehalla with in the city limit. The site is located about 2 to 2.50 km away from the city. As per preliminary site examination it is found that the selected location is technically suitable for the STP. But proposed site was very near to the upcoming District Sport Complex. So proposed site has been dropped.
37. Koppal ULB has identified to acquire land for sewage treatment plant on left side of Gadag road near Hirehalla with in the city limit. As per preliminary site examination it is found that the selected location is technically, environmentally and socially suitable for the STP. There is no environmental sensitive area nearby. The site for the proposed
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treatment facility is finalized in survey numbers 666 and 662. The Resettlement Plan has been prepared and submitted to the ADB.
38. It is observed that there is no settlement of human habitats with in the selected site. However, about 12.0 acres of land is proposed for acquisition which is sufficient for to construct 9.00 MLD STP plant with Facultative Aerated Lagoon method.
39. The environmental feasibility of the selected alternatives for the proposed Investment Program components are given below: Table 2.7: Investment Program Alternatives
Sub-Component Suitability of Selected Alternatives Sewerage System The best alternative for the sewerage system is to design the system based on Gravity flow. The proposed gravity system will be simple in operation and require less manpower and importantly does not require energy. The natural gravity is utilized to run the system.
There are various options to treat the wastewater to the standards of either river discharge or for land disposal after treatment options like attached growth aerobic or anaerobic systems or suspended growth systems may be adopted. The availability of land for establishing a treatment plant, the cost of treatment and its operation and maintenance are prime issues considered for selecting suitable treatment options. Availability of land provides reason to adopt treatment technologies with minimal operation and maintenance cost. Based on these considerations, Facultative Aerated Lagoons are proposed for Koppal town.
STP site location- As seen from the contours, it can be seen that practically there is a falling gradient from south to north. Hence, from practical point of view and also on technical grounds it is suggested to have STP adjacent to the existing STP site located on left side of Gadag road near Hirehalla with in the city limit
2.10 Investment Program Benefits
40. Inadequacy and lack of basic infrastructure facilities to the communities of Koppal ULB; and their adverse impacts on the environment, human health and socio-economic
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status can be overcome by safe, adequate and proper water supply, underground sewerage system/sanitation facilities, urban drainage, etc. which will be provided by NKUSIP. The Investment Program benefits are listed below:
A. Sewerage System Improvements 41. Following are some of the sewerage system improvement benefits to the beneficiaries: Provision of Sewerage (UGD) and Sanitation facilities Avoidance of Wastewater pollution at low-lying area Avoidance of regular choking of drains Avoidance of impact of flood in low-lying areas Protection of the water ecosystem Reduction in risks of ground water contamination Blockage of sewage flow in open storm water drains and from stagnating sewage pools Reduced risk of treated water supply contamination Reduced risk of water-borne diseases and mosquito menace Reduced health risk of agricultural laborers due to use of raw sewage for irrigation Reduced risk of contamination of agricultural fields Availability of treated waste water (sewage) for agricultural purposes Healthy and hygienic Environment Improvement in public health quality with better sanitation
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3. ENVIRONMENTAL DESCRIPTION
3.1 Physical Resources
42. Physical resources of the project area are described in brief in following paragraphs.
3.1.1 Topography
43. The Koppal town is situated on gentle ground slope towards the south. A hillock abuts the town on all along western side and stretches for a considerable length on southern side also. 3.1.2 Atmosphere
3.1.2.1 Air Quality
44. Koppal is known for a one of the mineral rich town in Koppal district. There are several mining and industrial activity carried out in and around the Koppal town which result in emission of air pollutant in the atmosphere in quantity well within the permissible limit prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board. The data collected for Bellary district from Central Pollution Control Board website shows total suspended particulate matter is in the range of 130.44 to 140.22 microgram per cum metre
3.1.2.2 Climate and Rainfall
45. The climate of the Koppal town is generally dry. 46. The average annual rainfall is 715 mm and the maximum temperature is 41.1° C and with a minimum temperature of 17.7° C. The summer season starts in the middle of the February and continues up to the first week of June. The southwest monsoon season follows there after and stretches up to the end of September. October and November constitutes the post monsoon season. The period from December to the middle of February is the cold season. The district on the whole has a dry climate with the period from November to May being the driest part of the year.
Table 6: Mean Maximum and Mean Minimum Temperature (in o C) Month Long term normal (30 Years) –Mean 2004 (Actual) – Mean Daily Daily Min Highest in Lowest in Max Min Max a month a month dail Daily Jan 31.7 20.3 31.4 14.2 31.4 16.9 Feb 33.6 19.6 35.7 15.9 35.9 19.2 Mar 35.4 22.3 37.8 18.1 39.7 21.8 April 38.8 23.5 41.4 21.8 39.5 26.0 May 39.1 25.8 41.1 21.6 37.3 24.9 KUIDFC 23 SPAN
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June 34.7 25.2 36.4. 20.4 34.5 24.5 July 35.3 24.4 34.7 21.9 33.5 23.7 Aug 31.3 22.5 34.0 20.7 31.7 24.3 Sep 30.7 23.0 33.9 19.6 32.2 21.5 Oct 30.5 22.3 33.0 19.4 32.1 22.3 Nov 30.2 20.6 32.7 18.2 -- -- Dec 29.7 17.2 31.9 14.4 -- -- Source: Meteorological Centre, Bangalore
3.1.2.3 Humidity
47. Humidity in the Koppal town is 54%. Table 7: Climatological Characteristics of Koppal Month Long term normal (30 Years) – 2004 – Actual RH RH Wind Total Mean RH Mean RH Total Max Min Speed Rainfall 0830 Hrs 1730 Hrs Rainfall % % Kmph Mm %% Mm Jan 72 38 4.9 0.4 69 39 0.0 Feb 60 31 5.6 0.7 53 31 0.0 Mar 53 27 5.9 3.3 48 25 0.0 April 56 30 6.7 25.4 57 35 71.0 May 64 37 10.3 63 71 47 34.0 June 71 53 13.4 52.2 70 53 40.0 July 76 62 14.1 55.6 71 55 1.8 Aug 76 61 13.5 50.7 67 54 0.7 Sep 77 57 11.1 124.4 77 61 60.0 Oct 75 56 5.6 109.8 77 63 5.0 Nov 72 50 4.8 30 ------Dec 74 45 4.4 13.7 ------Source: Meteorological Centre, Bangalore
3.1.4 Geology & Seismology
48. The surface stratum of the town is composed of murrum soil mixed with granite boulders out cropping at several places. As per the seismic zoning map of India, the Koppal town falls under the Zone II, which is the lowest earth quake risk zone in India. This zone is termed as “low damage risk zone”.
3.2 Flora and Fauna/Ecological Resources
49. There are no forest areas in and around the town and there are no sensitive environmental features such as National Parks, Wetlands, and Biosphere Reserves in the Bellary District. No endangered/protected species of either flora or fauna are found in the town and their surroundings.
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3.3 Economy
50. With increased irrigation facilities by canals, tanks, wells and bore wells, agriculture is the main economic base of the town. The area under irrigated land in Koppal taluk is 5,285 acres, out of which 4,702 acres of land is irrigated by Tungabhadra Left Bank Canal. It is also known for trade in Jowar, bajra, groundnut, cotton, oils seeds and other food grains. A few industries have come up in the northern part of the town along the national highway. There are, however, no large and medium scale industries in the town.
3.4 Social and Cultural Resources
3.4.1 Population and Community
51. Population: Koppal population has grown tremendously from 44,602 in 1991 to 56,145 in 2001 .The highest and lowest population growth rates recorded were 3.42 percent during 1931-1941and 0.83 percent during1921- 1931. Details of decadal population growth are indicated in the table 3.1 below. Table 3.1: Demography of Koppal CMC Particular Details
Geographical area 28.78 Sq.km District Koppal Grade of Municipality Grade-I Initial year of functioning - Number of wards (2007) 31 Total population (2001) 56,145 Number of house holds (2001) 9,636 Number of Slum households / population (2007) 7657/46,307 Sex Ratio (2001) 958 Literacy Rate in % 62.44%
52. The population density for Koppal town is 1,951 persons per sq. km. at present. This is shows a decline in density from 2,954 persons per sq. km. in 1991. This is due to an increase in town area from 15.1 sq. km to 28.78 sq. km. The town has new extensions namely B.T. Patel Nagar, Kalyananagar, Sathyadanapura, Gandhinagar, Janata Colony and Gavisiddeshwara temple area.
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The following table shows decade wise population density.
Density Year Population Area Density Variation Sq. Km Persons/sq. Km % Growth 1991 44,602 15.10 2,954 - 2001 56,145 28.78 1,951 (-)33.95
Ward wise density of population The following table indicates the ward wise density of population as per 2001 census.
Table 3.2: Details of population density – Ward wise
Built up Population Sl. Ward Population area in Density per No. No. 2001 Hectares Hectares. 1 1 2390 41.61 57 2 2 2033 4.74 429 3 3 1669 305.11 7.0 4 4 1320 13.16 103 5 5 2611 4.40 593 6 6 1242 6.66 186 7 7 2735 15.69 174 8 8 1877 48.94 38 9 9 1354 14.18 103 10 10 1880 7.03 268 11 11 2772 10.54 263 12 12 906 8.97 101 13 13 1681 18.08 93 14 14 1794 2.35 762 15 15 1254 2.61 480 16 16 1973 12.92 153 17 17 2527 2.87 881 18 18 2072 8.58 241 19 19 1828 21.30 86 20 20 2502 12.92 194 21 21 2689 18.24 147 22 22 1934 63.65 58 23 23 2625 63.00 59 24 24 2496 9.40 266 25 25 2520 96.64 29 26 26 1772 101.38 18 27 27 1934 30.77 63 28 28 546 167.14 3 29 29 576 283.36 2 30 30 329 9.38 35 31 31 369 7.53 220 Source: Total 56,210 CMC KUIDFC 26 SPAN
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53. The lowest density of 2.00 PPH. was found in ward no.29 against the maximum of 881 PPH in ward no.17. The old core area is most congested with the density varying from 593 PPH. to 881 PPH. Causing congestion and deterioration in environmental condition. Its situation warns the development of peripheral area by providing appropriate urban infrastructure facilities. Table 3.3: Population growth Year Population (No.s) Growth Rate (%) 1901 13,029 - 1911 11,961 -0.85 1921 12,443 0.40 1931 14,986 1.88 1941 15,940 0.62 1951 20,865 2.73 1961 24,017 1.42 1971 29,981 2.24 1981 38,542 2.54 1991 48,111 2.24 2001 57,887 1.87
3.4.2 Household size
54. In Koppal town there were about 7,420 houses in 1991. Presently, the number of housing units amount to 9,636 in 2001. The household size for Koppal town is 5.8, which is lower than the national average household size of 6.3 (Census 2001).
3.4.3 Sex Ratio
55. The current sex ratio (female population per 1,000 male populations) in Koppal town is 958, which is lower than the district figure of 978 but higher than the state urban average of 940
3.4.4 Literacy Rate
56. In 2001, the literacy rate (percent of literate population to the total population above six years of age) in the town was 71.61 percent. The literacy rate in Koppal town is higher than that of the district as a whole (55.02 percent) and a little more than the state urban
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average of 71.4 percent. The male and female literacy rate was 80.41 percent and 62.44 percent, respectively
3.4.5 Occupation 57. With increased irrigation facilities by canals, tanks, wells and bore wells, agriculture is the main economic base of the town. It is also known for trade in Jowar, Bajra, Groundnut, cotton, oils seeds and other food grains. A few industries have come up in the northern part along national highway. There are, however, no large and medium scale industries in the town.
3.4.6 Work Force Participation Rate
58. The table indicates the maximum number of 3,327 persons (7.46 percent of the total work force), are engaged in other services, 2,728 persons (6.12 percent) are engaged in trade and commerce and 1,779 persons (3.99 percent) are agricultural labors. This is clearly an indicative of economic base in Koppal depends on trade and commerce and other services. However, the most alarming feature of occupation pattern is the large number of Non workers, which needs some inputs from industrial and trade and commerce sectors. Table: 3.4 Workforce Participation Description 1991 % Total Cultivators 1653 3.77 Agricultural Labors 1779 3.99 Livestock, Forestry, 109 .24 Fishing, etc. Mining and Quarrying- 248 0.56 Manufacturing and 612 1.37 Processing in household Industries Manufacturing and 1689 3.79 processing other than HH Industries Construction Workers 525 1.18 Trade and Commerce 2778 6.12 Transport, Storage & 873 1.96 Communication
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Other Services 3327 7.46 Marginal Workers 93 0.21 Non-Workers 30966 69.43 Grand Total population 44,602 100.00 Source: clip
3.4.8 Major Socio- Economic Facilities
Table 3.5: Existing Socio-Economic Condition a) Nursery - Primary 5 b) Higher Secondary School 6 c) Colleges 4 Technical 1) Engineering - 2) Polytechnic 1 3) ITI 1 4) Ayurvedic 1 d) Health Centre 14 e) Telephone Exchange 1 f) Banks 12 g) Veterinary Hospital 1 h) PWD Office 1 i) SC/ST Hostel 2 j) Post Office 1 k) Telegraph 1 l) Bus Route Yes m) Major Occupation Mining, Agriculture, Labor and sheep rearing etc.,
3.4.9 Land Use
59. The Govt. of Karnataka constituted planning authority for Koppal city planning area under Section 4 (a) of the Karnataka City and Country Planning Act, 1961. subsequently, Koppal Urban Development Authority prepared the Outline Development Plan, which was submitted for the final approval vide Koppal Urban Development Authority’s (KUDA), Koppal Local Planning Area, extends over an area of 457.00 sq .km consisting area of; Table 3.6: Existing land Use (as per 2001 Census)
Area Percentage of Total Land Use Area Sq. km. % Residential 215.83 52.00 KUIDFC 29 SPAN
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Commercial 27.67 6.67 Industrial 26.87 6.47 Public & 34.34 8.27 Semi Public Transportaion/ 87.36 21.05 Circulation Open Spaces/ 22.97 5.53 Recreation Vacant 41.96 Total 457.00 100
3.4.10 Historic and Cultural Places
60. Koppal District has an eventful history beginning from the days of Mauryan King Ashoka. At the end of 10th century Koppal appears to have become the capital of a branch of the “Silahara” family. Gangas, who were Jains, also seem to have contributed a great deal to enhance the reputation of this place as a Jaina centre. The fort at Koppal is an important object of historical interest. It was acquired by Tipu Sultan in 1786 A.D. from Paleagar and rebuilt into one of the strongest fort with the help of French engineers. In 1790, the British and the Nizam besieged it. In 1858, Bhima Rao Nadagouda also besieged the fort. Until 1949, it was the chief town of the Jagir of Nawab Salarjung, which consisted of the Koppal and Yelburga talukas.
3.5 Environmental Settings for Program Components – Sewerage system and STP
61. Sewer Lines: There is no densely built up areas in Koppal town. The city limit is well developed and there are no environmental hotspots along the proposed areas. There is no any prohibited area from where sewer line is passing through. Hence the project does not require consent from ASI. 62. STP Site: The location of the sewage treatment plant is selected based on the topography to provide for gravity flow till the disposal point. This is a farming land and privately owned. The town has a predominant slope from South to North and turn to East portion towards of the town. Hence from practical point of view and also on technical grounds it is suggested to have the treatment facility on the West side of the town and near Hirehalla. This location is about 2.5 kms from Koppal city. The depth of ground water below the STP is 5.1m. The Short Resettlement Plan (SRP) is prepared for Koppal Sub Projects located in Koppal
District. Permanent land acquisition of 12.00 acres is required for Sewerage Treatment Plant
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(STP) and 0.10 guntas for a Wet well. There are no structures in the proposed STP site; the
land is currently under agricultural use. Two households [divided from one single family]
cultivating the land will be affected while acquiring land for STP site. The 0.10 guntas for
Wet well will be taken in survey no.468/2, which is government land. Therefore, no
question of land acquisition for Wet Well-1. However, SRP has to be prepared for 12.00
acres required for STP that will be acquired from private land owners.
63. Among the various technologies, it is proposed to adopt Facultative Aerated Lagoons (F.A.L) technology for this project and 9.00 MLD Capacity (intermediate) and 12.00 MLD Capacity (ultimate) STP will be designed and constructed, with the land availability of 12.0 acres. i. Required land is available for the purpose of establishing STP in this location (existing STP site on on left side of Gadag Road near Hirehalla) ii. The city has a predominant slope from south to north. The surface stratum of the town is composed of murrum soil mixed with granite boulders out cropping at several places. iii. The water level is 5.1m below the ground level. iv. Two households [divided from one single family] cultivating the land will be affected while acquiring land for STP site. The RP is prepared and submitted to ADB.
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4. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 Introduction
64. Urban development projects may cause negative impacts upon environment in many different ways. The objective of this section is to identify those negative impacts that are contextually possible in the project under consideration and to suggest the required mitigation measures. The impacts anticipated from the proposed program may be on Physical, Biological, Socio-economical and Cultural environment. Nevertheless, it must be kept in mind that the impacts of project activities are not always negative, it may be positive as well. The attempt should be to minimize the negative impacts by applying necessary mitigation measures and to maximize the positive impacts. Based on the severity and extent of impacts, the impacts may be classified as high, medium and low. Care has been taken also to identify the prospects of positive impacts and of the measures that are likely to enhance the quality of the given environment. The environmental impacts of the Investment Program Components can be categorized into location impacts, design impacts, construction impacts and operation impacts.
4.2 Location Impacts
65. The environmental impacts associated with site selection and those involving loss/damage and/or encroachment of environmentally sensitive areas or archeological / cultural / historical/ paleontaological sites/monuments, etc. It also includes impacts on people- their livelihood or properties or any other related structures. The impacts may be direct or indirect on such environments/people by the developmental programs. No significant impacts can arise due to project location as the sites involving improvements in the Program components does not pass through/near any environmentally sensitive areas or any cultural/historical areas, etc.
4.3 Design Impacts
66. These are impacts due to Investment Program design including technology, scale of operation/throughput, waste production, discharge specifications, pollution sources and
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ancillary services. These may arise due to design interference with other utilities in the same tranche, are considered to be of short duration and of negligible significance.
4.4 Construction Impacts
67. Several types of short term/temporary negative impacts upon environment may happen during construction phase of the project, primarily due to negligent practices. Construction impacts include impacts caused by site clearing, earthworks, machinery, vehicles and workers.
4.5 Operation and Maintenance (O & M) Impacts
68. Operation and Maintenance (O & M) impacts include impacts arising from the operation and maintenance activities of the infrastructure facility provided. They are routine management of operational waste flow; occupational health and safety aspects.
4.6 Screening of potential environmental impacts
69. Screening of environmental impacts is based on the magnitude and duration of the impact. The magnitude of the impact may be negligible/moderate/severe – in the order of increasing degree and impact duration may be temporary/ permanent (Table 4.1).
Table 4.1: Screening of potential environmental impacts Duration of Impact Magnitude (Degree of Impacts) Negligible (N) Moderate (M) Severe (S) Temporary (T) N/T M/T S/T Permanent (P) N/P M/P S/P
70. Table 4.2 presents the magnitude and duration of all four types of possible potential environmental impacts along with required mitigation measures for the proposed components of Koppal ULB under NKUSIP. In case of sewerage components, no significant impacts are anticipated since the laying of sewer line will be along the already built up area. STP location has been selected sufficiently away from the habitation and along with provision for development of a buffer zone along the site boundary, which is not expected to have any impact on existing environment or surroundings. The program components will have negligible/moderate and temporary impacts, which can be mitigated by proper environment friendly measures.
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Table 4.2: Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Sewerage system for the Koppal ULB Potential Negative Significance & Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary Costing Impacts Duration of the Impact Responsibility Location impacts Contamination of N/P Synthetic (plastic) base liner – geo-membrane liner (HDPE) shall PC N/a groundwater resources be used in STP to prevent ground water infiltration. due to leaching of This may not be wastewater from STP. significant as the proposed STP is not in a flood prone area and groundwater table is deep at around 16m to 30m. Loss of amenity and M/P Development of physical separation and visual screen around the ULB Part of Design costs odor nuisance to facility will address this impact. A buffer zone in the form of neighbors. STP is located at ≈ 3 km landscaping and earthwork shall be created around the STP. from the city. Future expansion of town may be considered. Design Impacts Ground water N/P Synthetic (plastic) base liner – geo-membrane liner (HDPE) shall ULB Part of Design costs infiltration The treated sewage may be used in STP to prevent ground water infiltration. be used for irrigation. The sewage retention period shall be fixed considering seasonal Pollution of the However, this may not climatic variations. The STP system shall be properly maintained agricultural fields may be significant, as to ensure the efficiency of the treatment and no industrial be due to discharge of treatment will be waste/hazardous waste/treated sewage gets discharged to sewer partially treated designed to meet inland lines. The effluent from the STP shall be confirmed to the sewage surface water discharge following standards of discharge for inland surface water standards, which is disposal: stringer than irrigation standards. BOD < 20 mg/l Suspended solids < 100 mg/l pH 6.5-8.0 Impacts on existing M/P UGD pipes will be placed 1.5 m below water supply pipelines. ULB Part of Design costs utilities such as water Hence, there will be no contamination of potable water.
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Potential Negative Significance & Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary Costing Impacts Duration of the Impact Responsibility supply pipes and contamination of potable water Nuisance due to N/P Storm water drains have been provided all along lagoons to avoid ULB Part of Design costs leakage / overflowing / overflowing/over flooding/leakage of STP and untreated sewage over flooding of during storms or heavy rains. Overflowing storm water shall be sewers. let into nallah. Regular maintenance will nullify the impact. Usage of appropriate maintenance equipment would substantially reduce the maintenance time. Nuisance due to M/P Development of physical separation and visual screen around the ULB Part of Design costs mosquito breeding and STP is located at ≈ 3km facility will also address this impact. A buffer zone in the form of bad odors from STP. from the city. landscaping and earthwork shall be created around the STP. To Considering the future avoid/reduce mosquito breeding, the banks of ponds shall be kept expansion of the town, clear of grasses bushes, etc. mitigation measure may be required. Pollution due to M/P Safe sludge handling methods shall be employed. ULB Part of O & M costs improper sludge Quantity of sludge Personal protection equipment such as gloves, boots, shall be Preparation of sludge disposal methods. generation will not be provided to the workers. Sludge shall be dried in lagoons itself management plan Sludge removal from considerable. before its disposal in to agricultural areas. the ponds may be done Contaminated work area Training for sanitation staff will be provided on safe handling of once for every 7 years, may cause health chlorination techniques. depending on the hazards. A sludge management plan is given in Table 4.3. sludge generation. Surface & groundwater M/P Conduct bacteriological tests to ensure safety of effluent ULB Part of O & M costs pollution with nitrate, phosphate, etc. due to discharge of treated effluent to nallah
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Potential Negative Significance & Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary Costing Impacts Duration of the Impact Responsibility Discharge of treated Treated wastewater will be sold to farmers for irrigation wastewater into drains Aquaculture to be introduced if water ponding systems are which could be used developed. for ponding systems Construction Impacts A. Sewage Treatment Plant Waste soil due to M/P Waste soil shall be beneficially used in construction, land raising excavation and infilling of excavated areas Dust and noise from M/T Construction material shall be stockpiled. Adequate arrangements Contractor Part of construction construction of STP. Sewer network will be for traffic diversions including erection of proper signboards. cost laid all over the town Dust generation shall be arrested by water spraying. It shall be including high-density ensured to use only standard equipment to reduce the noise areas. nuisance. Equipment shall comply with the noise levels of construction equipment laid out by the CPCB. High noise As the proposed STP is generating activities including material unloading shall be located about 3 kms avoided during nights. The surrounding people shall be informed away from the city, as far of nature and schedule of the high noise generating activities, if as laying of sewer any. network is considered, A construction site management plan shall be prepared. Poor the dust and noise performance of the contractor may potentially exacerbate these nuisance may be impacts and therefore qualified contractors to be appointed. The considerable in the core contracted work includes the implementation of construction site town area and in all other management plan, which will address these issues. areas it may be negligible. Dust due to stockpiled M/T Soil shall be removed as soon as it is excavated Contractor Part of construction soil in windy weather cost Dust due to soil M/T Tarpaulins shall be used to cover dry soil when carried on trucks Contractor Part of construction transportation cost Collection of rain and M/T Excavation shall be conducted in the dry season Contractor Part of construction ground water in cost Groundwater will be pumped out & provided to farmers for excavated areas irrigation
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Potential Negative Significance & Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary Costing Impacts Duration of the Impact Responsibility Removal of some trees M/P Trees will be removed only if it cannot be avoided. Contractor Part of construction from the site Two trees shall be planted and maintained for every tree if cost removed Traffic disturbance by M/T Proper planning of routes shall be done to avoid narrow local Contractor Part of construction lorries carrying waste roads cost soil Transportation will be scheduled to avoid peak traffic periods
Economic benefits if M/T Contractor should employ at least 50% of workforce from Contractor Part of construction local people are communities in vicinity of STP site. cost employed in Contractor’s workforce B. Sewerage Network and Trunk Sewer Waste soil due to M/P As above: Waste soil shall be beneficially used in construction, Contractor Part of construction trenching land raising and infilling of excavated areas cost Waste soil may create M/T As above: Waste soil shall be removed as soon as it is excavated Contractor Part of construction dust when stored or As above: Soil shall be covered with tarpaulins on trucks cost transported Stored soil shall be covered or damped down in dry weather Damage other S/P Location of infrastructure shall be confirmed before the Contractor Part of construction infrastructure due to commencement of trenching work or these sites shall be avoided cost trenching Water and sewer pipes on opposite sides of roads shall be located.
Disturbance to road M/T Sub-projects shall be integrated to conduct trenching at same time Contractor Part of construction users or public due to cost repeated trenching Inconvenience to M/T During construction period, planks / makeshift pathways shall be Contractor Part of construction access business, The access for business provided along the construction areas for the public to access their cost. residential and other and other facilities along requirements for residential, shopping and other facilities. immediate facilities for the proposed sewer Provision of planks is required to maintain access business. the public and impact lining areas will be Business and homes must be given prior notice. If there are on livelihood (shop disturbed during temporary impacts on incomes, then compensation procedures owners/keepers) due to construction period. must be followed as per Resettlement framework.
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Potential Negative Significance & Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary Costing Impacts Duration of the Impact Responsibility loss of access to Will compensate any business losses as per the Resettlement business. Framework. Spaces shall be left for access between mounds of soil. Planks shall be provided to allow people & vehicles to cross trench. Workforce shall be increased in these areas to finish work quickly. Shopkeepers will be informed of work in advance Inconvenience to M/T Construction shall be expedited in the least time frame. Contractor Part of Construction public during trenching Reduced pedestrian and Activities requiring maximum access control shall be done during Costs and laying of sewer vehicle access to non-peak hours. lines/ pipes along thick residences and Excavation along the road shall be done in such a way that entire commercial areas and businesses stretch will not be trenched at a time. narrow streets; where Traffic management with diversion through alternate routes will public facilities are be implemented by providing adequate signboards. located. Nuisance due to dust M/T Construction material shall be stockpiled to minimize traffic Contractor Part of construction and noise; road Dust generation may be blockages. In case of excavations for sewer lines in busy streets costs blocking due to laying significant as the dry such as central areas of the town (market area, old town area), of sewer network; and, weather condition adequate arrangements for traffic diversion including prior increased traffic flow prevails in the town. intimation and by erecting proper signboard shall be provided. due to vehicle Considering the market and dense residential areas in the core movement for town area, preparation of construction site management plan is construction activities. necessary. Poor performance of the contractor may potentially exacerbate these impacts and therefore qualified contractors to be appointed. The contracted work includes the implementation of construction site management plan, which will address these issues. Traffic disturbance and M/T Construction material shall be stockpiled to minimize traffic Contractor Part of construction road blocking due to The proposed network blockages. costs
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Potential Negative Significance & Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary Costing Impacts Duration of the Impact Responsibility laying of sewer will be laid in the Poor performance of the contractor may potentially exacerbate network and vehicle presently unserved fringe these impacts and therefore qualified contractors to be appointed. movement for and extension areas. As The contracted work includes the implementation of construction construction activities; these areas are not site management plan, which will address these issues. inconvenience to the densely populated areas local community. the impacts due to construction activities may not be significant.
Traffic disturbance due Traffic Management Work shall be planned with town authorities. Work shall be to lack of space caused Plan for the construction carried out when traffic is light. It will be ensured that police by placing/dumping of phase has to be prepared provide traffic diversions whenever necessary. Workforce shall be soil on road and/or if for rerouting and increased to finish this work quickly. sewers have to be avoiding slow movement located in the road of vehicles. itself
Traffic disturbance and N/T Routes shall be planned to avoid narrow streets, congested roads, Contractor Part of Construction vibration due to trucks important/fragile buildings, key religious & tourism sites. Work Cost. removing waste and shall be planned to avoid peak traffic, main tourism season. may cause damage to fragile buildings Dust and noise from N/T The practices such as spraying of water to arrest dust shall be Contractor Part of Construction construction activities. Due to dry climatic employed. All equipments used in construction activities shall Cost. . Impact on air quality condition the dust comply with CPCB noise emission norms. due to dust from waste generation may be Waste soil shall be removed quickly, stockpiles shall be covered Part of construction soil and imported sand considerable. with tarpaulins and/or water shall be sprinkled to avoid dust cost Major noise generating pollution. Sand shall be brought (for backfill) to site when needed. activities such as rock blasting and use of heavy noise generating equipment are not envisaged.
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Potential Negative Significance & Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary Costing Impacts Duration of the Impact Responsibility Improper disposal of M/P Bituminous waste shall be disposed in approved waste disposal Contractor Part of construction Bituminous waste sites. costs Improper handling of N/T Excess soil shall be disposed in low laying areas other than water Contractor Part of Construction excess soil bodies Cost. On site accident risks M/T A site Health and Safety Plan shall be prepared by contractor and Contractor Part of Construction for workers and the implemented that includes measures to: Cost. public Exclude the public from all construction sites; Ensure that workers use Personal Protective Equipment; Provide Health & Safety training for all personnel; Follow documented procedures for all site activities; and Keep accident reports and records Economic benefits if M/T As above: Employment shall be provided to locals particularly Contractor Part of Construction local people are affected persons identified in Resettlement Plans-50% of Cost. employed in workforce from affected communities Contractor’s workforce O & M Impacts Human health risks M/T Sewer leaks shall be detected and repaired rapidly and effectively ULB Part of O & M costs and contamination of soil and groundwater due to leaking sewers Nuisance due to N/P The suggested mitigation measures shall be implemented to avoid ULB Part of O & M costs overflowing/choking No major water bodies chocking. of sewers. and ground water is very Sewer cleaning equipments shall be provided. deep. However, nuisance shall be considered. Impact on business S/T Spaces shall be left for access between mounds of soil. ULB Part of O & M costs income if customer’s Planks shall be provided to allow people & vehicles to access is impeded by cross trench. network repair works Workforce shall be increased in these areas to finish work quickly. Shopkeepers will be informed of work in advance System failure due to M/P Alternative power supply by generator for pumps will be provided ULB Part of O & M costs lack/shortage of power at STP and sewage pumping stations.
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Potential Negative Significance & Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary Costing Impacts Duration of the Impact Responsibility supply Discharge of M/P Part of O&M Cost hazardous materials Treatment process in the The rules and regulation will be strictly implemented to avoid KSPCB and ULB into sewers, resulting downstream will be mixing of industrial waste stream/hazardous waste with sewage in in damage to sewer significantly affected sewer system. system and danger to workers Health risk to the sewer workers due to toxic Mixing of Industrial effluent and gases Waste water with sewage Odour nuisance due to M/P Buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork will be ULB Part of O & M costs STP created and well maintained around the site. This impact may be STP is located at 3000 m considered as from the city. Future negligible due to expansion of town may location of plant site be considered. and proposed buffer provision Potential pollution of N/P The following effluent discharge standards for stream discharge ULB N/a. stream/agricultural will be ensured: fields due to As the STP is designed inadequate treatment. for stream discharge BOD < 20 mg/l - standards, the impact Suspended solids < 100 mg/l may be minimal. pH 6.5-8.0 However, overloading of STP may exaggerate these problems.
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Potential Negative Significance & Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary Costing Impacts Duration of the Impact Responsibility Pollution and health M/P For cleaning of sewers one Jet Roding machine with adequate ULB Part of O & M costs hazards due to capacity will be procured. The sludge, silt, etc. extracted manually improper sludge Quantity of sludge during cleaning, de-weeding and de-silting of disposal methods generation will not be sewers/drain/manholes by sanitary workers will be transported considerable. through mini trucks immediately and disposed off in approved Contaminated work area landfill site or solid waste management sites. may cause health Safe sludge handling methods shall be employed - Personal hazards. protection equipment such as gloves, boots, shall be provided. Sludge shall be dried in lagoon itself before its disposal. This sludge may be used as manure for non- food crops or landfill purpose. Sludge Management Plan (Table 4.3) shall be implemented. Sludge removal from S/T Sludge will be dried and tested for absence of bacteria and ULB Part of O & M costs treatment ponds once pathogens in every 7 years Dried sludge will be sold to farmers to fertilize land Chlorine handling and M/P Chlorine contact tank has been proposed with a contact time of 30 ULB Part of Construction safety of workers min. Hypochlorate solution will be used as disinfectant. and Operation Cost. Personal protection equipment such as gloves, boots, shall be provided. Immediate and proper medical attention shall be provided at emergency. Economic benefits to M/P STP workers should be residents of neighboring areas ULB Part of O & M costs local people by project Discharge of M/T Periodic monitoring of treated effluent will be carried out. ULB Part of O & M costs insufficiently treated A water quality testing laboratory will be provided. wastewater to water Health & Safety risks M/T H&S Plan shall be prepared and operated with same measures as Part of O & M costs of workers and the used in construction phase ULB public during repair work
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Table 4.3: Sludge Management Plan
Quantity Duration Method of Treatment Storage Disposal Safety measures of sludge of collection Method generated Collection tonnes Once in 7 Manually by Sludge is dried No storage. Dried and Sludge will be disposed as Workers safety must be considered. years scrapping in lagoon itself collected sludge will be manure to nearby agricultural disposed soon after the lands or to land fill sites. Safe sludge handling methods shall be removal employed - Personal protection equipment such as gloves; boots, etc. shall be provided. Sludge handling workers must be provided with regular free medical checkup facilities.
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5. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLANS
5.1 Institutional Requirements
71. The institutional requirements for the proposed Investment Program are briefed in the following paragraphs.
Nodal Executing Agency (EA)
72. Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development & Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) is the nodal executing agency (EA) responsible for implementing NKUSIP. Investment Program implementation activities will be monitored by KUIDFC through a separate Investment Program Management Unit (IPMU), which will be set-up within KUIDFC. The Managing Director/KUIDFC will head the IPMU and will be assisted by an Executive Director to oversee the Investment Program progress. A team of senior technical, administrative and financial officials will assist the Executive Director in controlling and monitoring project implementation activities. KUIDFC will establish IPMU offices at four locations (in Bellary, Dharwad, Belgaum and Gulbarga) in the Investment Program area. All Investment Program decisions will be made by the Executive Director who shall operate from the IPMU, Dharwad; only interactions with GoK, GoI and ADB shall be conducted through the KUIDFC office at Bangalore.
State level Empowered Committee 73. A state level empowered committee for investment program has been constituted with representatives from GoK and PMU of KUIDFC. The Executive Director from Dharwad will be reporting to this committee as and when required.
Implementing Agency (IA) 74. The ultimate implementation responsibility lies with ULB in co-ordination with various other Departments of GoK. The program components will be implemented by ULB reporting to Divisional Program Director. Implementation Agencies (IA) will oversee sub-project component implementation at the sub-project towns, where the Investment Program ULB will implement sub-project components. The investment Program Consultants (PC) will assist the Investment Program ULB in all
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of its responsible implementation activities and carry proof check of designs and quality check of construction activities. 75. Other than the above institutional set up, District Level Program Steering Committee will be set up in each district to monitor implementation of Sub-projects and institutional reforms. The organization hierarchy is presented in Fig. 5.1.
Fig. 5.1: NKUSIP Implementing Organization Hierarchy
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76. The responsibility fulfilling environmental requirements of GoI/GoK and conducting required level of environmental assessment as per ADB guidelines lies with the borrowing ULB. The investment Program Consultants (PC) will assist the Investment Program ULB in this regard. The IEE/EIA reports prepared by ULB will be reviewed by the PMU as per the ADB Environmental Guidelines and forwarded to ADB for review and approval. In case of IEE reports, the ADB could delegate approval of IEE reports fully to the PMU after reviewing the first two reports. However, all the EIA reports shall be sent to ADB for approval.
77. The mitigation measures identified through IEE/EIA-EMP are incorporated into the Investment Program cycle. Mitigation measures, which are implemented by the contractor, shall form part of the bidding and civil contract documents. The other mitigation measures are undertaken by the ULB itself or in assistance with Investment Program Consultants as specified in the IEE.
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Table 5.1: Institutional Roles and Responsibilities Investment Activity Particulars Responsible Agency Program Phase Design Phase Investment Program Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) / Initial Environmental Koppal ULB categorization Examination (IEE) for each subcomponents as per ADB Guidelines Review of REA/IEE and categorization of Investment Program (NKUSIP) PMU as A/B/C as per ADB Guidelines Environmental Assessment Carrying out IEE/EIA study based on the Investment Program Investment Program (EA) Study categorization Consultants Carrying out Public consultation and Information disclosure Preparation of SIEE/EIA Report Investment Program Fulfilling GoK/GoI requirement such as clearances from concerned Govt. ULB clearances Agencies Review of IEE/ EIA Review of IEE/EIA and SIEE/SEIA reports to ensure compliance of the PMU report as per ADB Guidelines and approval of the same Disclosure of SEIA/SIEE Information disclosure – SEIA/SIEE Reports to be made available to the ULB public and on request IEE/EIA also to be made available. Incorporation of mitigation Incorporation of necessary mitigation measures identified in IEE/EIA in Investment Program measures into Investment Investment Program design and in contract documents Consultants Program design Review of design documents Review of design documents and contractual documents for compliance of PMU mitigation measures Construction Implementation of Implementation of necessary mitigation measures given in IEE/EIA Contractor Phase mitigation measures Report Environmental Monitoring Environmental monitoring as specified in Monitoring Plan during Investment Program Construction Phase and monitoring of implementation of mitigation Consultants measures Preparation of Progress Preparation of monthly progress reports to be submitted to PMU including ULB in assistance of Reports a section on implementation of mitigation measures Program Consultants (PC) Operation Stage Environmental Monitoring Carrying out environmental monitoring as specified in Monitoring Plan ULB Compliance Monitoring Compliance Monitoring to review the environmental performance of sub- KSPCB project, if required and as specified in Monitoring Plan
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Training Requirements 78. Program Consultants (PC) will be responsible for providing training to officials of PMU, ULB, Contractors and NGOs. PMU will be involved in the monitoring of Investment Program implementation whereas the ULB will implement the Investment program. The implementation of mitigation measures specified in IEE report is part of contractor’s responsibilities during construction. However, the responsibility lies on both contractor and supervisory staff to monitor the incorporation of mitigation measures in the Investment Program. Hence, considering the existing capabilities of the agencies involved in NKUSIP, the training program is very much essential for all the Investment Program officials. The table (Table 5.2) presents the suggested training program: Table 5.2: Training Requirements (2009-2016) Program Particulars Schedule Participants Program - 1 Orientation Program – 2 days PMU officials Orientation involved in the Investment Program Cycle of NKUSIP Program/ Investment
Workshop for ADB’s Environmental Assessment Program Guidelines Implementing EIA requirements of NKUSIP and ULB officials Executing National (Indian) Environmental Laws involved in the Agencies and Regulations relating to urban Investment infrastructure Investment Program Program Environmental impacts of urban implementation infrastructure Investment Programs Environmental Assessment Process – Investment Program categorization as per ADB IEE/EIA process, Formats and Reports Identification of Environmental Impacts Identification of Mitigation Measures Formulation of Environmental Management Plan Implementation and Monitoring Summary EIA/IEEs Incorporation of mitigation measures in the Investment Program Design and Contracts Program - 2 Implementation of Mitigation Measures 1 day Contractors Orientation involved in Environment issues related to urban Program/ NKUSIP infrastructure Investment Programs Workshop for during construction Supervisory staff Contractors involved in Implementation of mitigation measures and NKUSIP Supervisory Monitoring of mitigation measures Staff KUIDFC 48 SPAN
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Program Particulars Schedule Participants Program – 3 Experiences/Best Practices in the 1day-every PMU officials Experience alternative Investment Program- ULB officials sharing year from the Local NGOs Experiences during implementation of commenceme mitigation measures of environmental nt of concern in the Investment Program Investment Best practices followed during program implementation
5.2 Environmental Monitoring Plans
79. Monitoring is an essential and an integral part of the implementation of the proposed environmental mitigation measures. Environmental monitoring generates useful information and improves the quality of implementation of mitigation measures. Environmental Monitoring Plans for sewerage system for the entire Koppal ULB in Table 5.3. This IEE and EMP are updated as per detailed design and any design changes. Occupational health risks and safety plan for workers are given in Table 5.3 and annual cost estimate is provided in Table 5.4. Monitoring reports shall be made quarterly to the PMU and annually to ADB.
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Table 5.3: Environmental Monitoring Plan for Sewerage System
Mitigation Activities/Measures & Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Mitigation/ Parameters to be monitored Frequency Monitoring Responsibility Design/Location Stage Monitoring Check for Construction related N.A. Verification of contract documents One-off PMU impacts and mitigation measures- inspection before Incorporation of mitigation measures signing of into the bidding and civil contract the contract documents One time All designs of components include before final proper consideration of environment - Proposed designs of DSC design (i.e., water and air quality, noise phase pollution, sludge management)
One time Design of occupational safety before final - Proposed designs of DSC measures design phase As needed before and Training programs for staff by -- -- during consultants implementat ion Gas monitoring for sewage pipes - Sewer pipes and Gas monitoring in the sewerage Monthly ULB with the Adequate monitoring of gas may not Manholes network once as part assistance of be possible due to distant manhole of Plant Program spacing. Manhole shall be designed operation consultants considering worker/s safety. All location and design related Incorporation of mitigation measures in One-off PMU/ULB/PC
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Mitigation Activities/Measures & Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Mitigation/ Parameters to be monitored Frequency Monitoring Responsibility mitigation measures to mitigate loss the design including air dispersion inspection of of amenity and nuisance; and sludge N.A. modeling for STP site. designs disposal. Appropriate design of process and layout is required. Checking/Verification of Investment program Design documents Disposal of treated wastewater – Sale STP Site observation; farmer survey Monthly ULB of treated wastewater to farmers for irrigation and
Usage of treated waste water for ponding systems for aquaculture Construction Stage Monitoring All construction related mitigation N.A. Incorporation of mitigation measures in One-off PMU measures; the contract documents inspection of contract Construction site management plan to Verification of contract documents document control dust and noise nuisance, and before signing the contract road blocks Implementation of Construction site Sewer laying Monitoring of air quality and noise is Weekly Contractor and management plan: dust and noise sites and not required. The implementation of ULB with the nuisance at site; and traffic surroundings mitigation measures (usage of standard assistance of maintenance equipment complying with CPCB Investment Noise Standards for construction Program equipments) and assessment of the consultants situation through visual inspection and interviews with local people shall be ensured. Beneficial usage of waste soil All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ (construction, land raising, infill) PMU/ULB/PC
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Mitigation Activities/Measures & Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Mitigation/ Parameters to be monitored Frequency Monitoring Responsibility Waste soil removal as soon as it is All sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ excavated PMU/ULB/PC Usage of tarpaulins to cover soil when All sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ transported on trucks PMU/ULB/PC Avoidance of narrow local roads From STP Observations off site; CC record Weekly Contractor/ when transporting soil PMU/ULB/PC Avoidance of transporting soil during From STP Observations on and off site Weekly Contractor/ peak traffic periods PMU/ULB/PC Coverage or damping down Inhabited areas Site observations Weekly Contractor/ stockpiled soil in dry weather PMU/ULB/PC Conduction of all excavation work in All sites Site observations Monthly Contractor/ the dry season PMU/ULB/PC Pumping groundwater from excavated STP site Site observations; farmer survey Monthly Contractor/ areas and provide to farmers PMU/ULB/PC Leaving spaces for access between Network sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ mounds of soil PMU/ULB/PC Provision for planks/walkways to Network sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ allow people & vehicles to cross open PMU/ULB/PC trenches Removal of trees only if it cannot be All sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ avoided PMU/ULB/PC Plantation and maintenance of two All sites Observations on/off site; CC records Monthly Contractor/ trees for every one removed PMU/ULB/PC *Compensation for businesses for lost Where required Shopkeeper survey; LSGD record As needed Contractor/ income PMU/ULB/PC Increase of workforce in inhabited Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ areas to finish work quickly PMU/ULB/PC Advance information to shopkeepers Network sites Resident surveys; CC records Monthly Contractor/ and residents of work PMU/ULB/PC
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Mitigation Activities/Measures & Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Mitigation/ Parameters to be monitored Frequency Monitoring Responsibility Confirmation of location of Network sites Site observation; design reports Monthly Contractor/ infrastructure and avoid these sites PMU/ULB/PC Location of water and sewer pipes on Network sites Site observation; design reports Monthly Contractor/ opposite sides of roads PMU/ULB/PC Integration of Sub-projects to conduct Network sites Site observation; design reports Monthly Contractor/ trenching at same time PMU/ULB/PC Work conduction during light traffic Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC Ensuring that police provide traffic Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ diversions when required PMU/ULB/PC Proper planning for transport routes to Network sites Observations off site: CC record Weekly Contractor/ avoid narrow streets, important or PMU/ULB/PC fragile buildings, religious and tourism sites Proper planning of work to avoid Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ peak traffic and main festival/tourism PMU/ULB/PC season Avoidance of using pneumatic drills Network sites Site observations; CC records Weekly Contractor/ near buildings at risk from vibration PMU/ULB/PC Usage of modern vehicles and All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ machinery and proper maintenance as PMU/ULB/PC specified Consultation with authorities, Network sites Site observations; CC records; resident Monthly Contractor/ custodians of buildings, communities surveys PMU/ULB/PC to address key issues and avoid working at sensitive times Preparation and implementation of a All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ site H&S Plan (safety of PMU/ULB/PC workers/public)
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Mitigation Activities/Measures & Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Mitigation/ Parameters to be monitored Frequency Monitoring Responsibility Exclusion of public from the site All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC Ensuring that workers wear Personal All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ Protective Equipment PMU/ULB/PC Provision for Health and Safety All sites CC records; worker interviews Monthly Contractor/ training for all personnel PMU/ULB/PC Following of documented procedures All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ for all site activities PMU/ULB/PC Maintenance of accident reports and All sites CC records Monthly Contractor/ records PMU/ULB/PC Employ at least 50% of workforce All sites CC records; worker interviews Monthly Contractor/ from communities near sites PMU/ULB/PC Operation Stage Monitoring Clogging of drains Sewer network Proper maintenance with periodical Monthly ULB sites cleaning or scrapping of drains or de- once as part silting/de-weeding, etc. of Plant operation Potential for gas explosion in Pipes – Sewer pipes Gas monitoring in the sewerage Monthly ULB gas monitoring network once as part of Plant operation Odor emission control at STP and STP and Sewer Proper operation and Maintenance of Regular/routi ULB Sewerage System network the Sewerage and STP system. ne –daily maintenance Frequent flushing or scraping. Solid separation; keeping solid stockpiles dry and preferably covered or compost them. Lagoon type; aerobic lagoons
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Mitigation Activities/Measures & Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Mitigation/ Parameters to be monitored Frequency Monitoring Responsibility produce less odor than anaerobic lagoons. Lagoon covers. Windbreaks to reduce airflow across lagoons.
Buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork shall be created and well maintained around the STP site. Check for contamination of ground - - ULB water /agricultural fields due to discharge of untreated/partially treated (STP treated) sewage Analysis of Wastewater characteristics including heavy metals such as Monthly i) Influent wastewater quality Inlet of STP Mercury (as Hg), Lead (as Pb), once as part Cadmium (as Cd), Chromium (as Cr), of Plant Zinc (as Zn) and Nickel (as Ni) operation ii) Treated wastewater quality at Outlet of STP Analysis of treated wastewater ULB outlet discharge point of STP characteristics to comply with PCB Seasonal disposal standards: (four BOD < 20mg/l seasons) as pH – 6.5 –8.0 third party SS < 100mg/l monitoring Implementation of Sludge N.A. Health check up for STP staff Yearly once ULB Management Plan - Check for health hazards due to sludge handling
Health status of STP staff involved in sludge handling
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Mitigation Activities/Measures & Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Mitigation/ Parameters to be monitored Frequency Monitoring Responsibility Emergency plan for Power supply Pumping Station Under emergency situations such as Whenever ULB management to minimize risks on the and STP power failure in the pumping stations, there is receiving waters diesel operated generators (KVA) have power been proposed. In case of failure of (regular generators, the sewage collected in the supply) well will be pumped using diesel pump failure sets, conveyed by truck and properly disposed into the STP. In case of failure of screens, the sewage will be bypassed to the wet well. In STP also, generator has been provided to tackle the power problem. Approval from KSPCB will be obtained. Detection and repairing of sewer Network sites Site observation; resident survey Monthly ULB leaks rapidly and effectively Sale of dried inert sludge to farmers STP Site observation; farmer survey Monthly ULB to fertilize land Advance information of work to Network sites Resident surveys Monthly ULB shopkeepers and residents Provision of walkways/planks for Network sites Site observation; resident survey Monthly ULB public and vehicles Requesting police to divert traffic if Network sites Site observations Monthly ULB necessary Avoidance of usage of drills or heavy Network sites Site observations Monthly ULB vehicles near fragile buildings Completion of work quickly in Network sites Site observations; OMC records Monthly ULB sensitive areas Consultation with communities to Network sites Site observation; resident survey Monthly ULB avoid working during sensitive
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Mitigation Activities/Measures & Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Mitigation/ Parameters to be monitored Frequency Monitoring Responsibility periods Preparation and operation of H&S All sites Site observations; OMC records Monthly ULB plan to protect workers and citizens Economic benefits to local people- STP Employer record; worker survey Monthly ULB STP workers should be residents of neighbouring areas Survey of chemical and STP Water quality sampling/analysis Monthly for ULB bacteriological quality of STP effluent 5 years Bacteriological surveys of dried STP STP Bacterial sampling/analysis Monthly for ULB sludge 5 years Survey of public health and incidence Koppal City Hospital records; resident surveys Annual for 6 ULB of water borne disease years
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Table 5.4: Occupational Health Risks and Safety Plan for workers
Components Location Activities Health Risks Safety Measures Monitoring Responsibility I. Construction Stage Sewer lines Trenching and Respiratory Providing personal Daily inspection Contractor, PMU laying sites, laying of sewer problems due to protective equipments throughout and ULB Sewerage Storm water lines dust, accidents such as helmet, mask, construction System drain sites, Improper due to traffic boots, gloves, etc. stage. Monthly and STP site management of problems and inspection of equipments / stock piling and accident reports machines causing injuries and complaints Transportation of or death Traffic Management and register construction Construction site access materials to and control from sites Providing first aid and safety training to construction staff Removal of excess or waste materials immediately from the site after completion of the work and wetting of the area Following documented procedures for all site activities Maintenance of accident reports and records II. Operation Stage
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Components Location Activities Health Risks Safety Measures Monitoring Responsibility Sewerage Sewer Repair work and Eye irritation, Providing personal Monthly ULB system Network sites de-silting Respiratory protective equipments inspection of and STP Unit problems and such as mask, boots, operation and skin problems gloves, etc. maintenance Sewer cleaning – such as allergy Immediate medical records sewage mixed with and injuries attention and first aid hazardous materials and industrial waste Treating ground First aid and awareness water training to staff contamination Gas monitoring in Respiratory sewer pipes problems – allergy, nausea, asphyxia, etc. STP Chlorine handling Eye irritation, Storage of chemicals in a Monthly ULB Respiratory cool, dry, well-ventilated inspection of problems- area in tightly sealed operation and allergy, nausea, containers maintenance asphyxia, etc. records and skin Monthly health Handling of problems Training to operators for check-up for chemicals other safe handling of chemicals workers than Chlorine Maintenance of accident reports Sludge handling Installation of safety and records showers and eye wash units/stations near all chlorine using units/areas Immediate medical
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Components Location Activities Health Risks Safety Measures Monitoring Responsibility attention – first aid, at emergency Health check-up for STP staff
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NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub-projects in Koppal CMC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Table 5.5: Annual environmental cost estimate (2009)
Sl. No. Item Cost (Rs.) Monitoring during Operation Phase 1 Water quality testing 10,000 2 Sewage/ waste water quality testing 60,000 3 Treated sewage testing at outlet point 20,000 4 Gas monitoring in the sewerage network 10,000 Training cost 1 Program 1 3,000 2 Program 2 3,000 3 Program 3 2,000 Other 1 Group Discussions 2,000 2 Health checkups for workers 50,000 TOTAL 1,60,000 Amount in Figures: Rupees One lakh sixty thousand only
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NKUSIP (Package II – Bellary) Tranche II Sub-projects in Koppal CMC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE
80. To achieve the public consultation requirements of the Asian Development Bank, the PC undertook extensive field visits and held detailed discussions with the public, Government Departments such as Urban Development Board, Public Works Department, Pollution Control Board, Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Sewerage Board, etc. and CMC officials. Focus group discussions were involved in Public consultation. Ample opportunities were ensured for the public to participate in the design process of all the project components. 81. A socioeconomic and perception survey was conducted to provide a baseline for assessment of perceptions of residents on the environment. Baseline information was collected by public consultation to ascertain opinions on significant environmental conditions/features within the project area with reference to project components and the merit or its rehabilitation. 82. During field visits, CMC officials (including the commissioner) and local people (farmers, businessmen, and Govt. officials, so on) were consulted to evaluate the present situation of the project area environment and to establish necessary mitigation measures for the project components. These consultations have given insight into the concerns and requirements of CMC officials and publics with relation to implementation of program components within the CMC area. These contacts provided an opportunity for the local community to involve in the initial stages of the project activities. 83. Overall, Public opinion was that the implementation of the project components within the CMC limits should be carried out without any delay, but should include proper operation and maintenance, environmental mitigation measures particularly, with reference to sewerage and sanitation, improvement of the public health and the quality of life for the local communities.
Date District No. of participants 20-04-2010 Koppal 10 21-04-2010 15
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Table 6.1 Public Comments & Mitigation measures SI No. Comments from local public Proposed mitigation (A) Sewer line works The public expressed their concern Dust generation shall be regarding the disturbance in public arrested by water spraying. activities due to construction works such Ensure usage of standard as generation of dust, noise due to equipment to reduce the noise construction machineries, traffic nuisance. Equipment shall diversion, and breakage of existing comply with the noise levels services. of construction equipment laid out by the CPCB. High noise generating activities including material unloading shall be avoided during nights. The surrounding people shall be informed, especially in densely populated area, of nature and schedule of the high noise generating activities, if any. Adequate arrangements for traffic diversions including erection of proper sign boards. Highly Qualified contractor will be engaged to execute the work in proper way and specific conditions shall be imposed in the contract to take safety measures. (B) Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) At STP site, public expresses their Development of physical concern regarding the generation of bad separation and visual screen odor, mosquito nuisance during the around the facility will also operation of STP and also requested to address this impact. A buffer officials taking care and ensuring zone in the form of landscaping minimizing these impact. and earthwork shall be created around the STP. To avoid/reduce mosquito breeding, the banks of ponds shall be kept clear of grasses bushes, etc. Sludge removal from the ponds may be done once for every 7 years, depending on the sludge generation. Safe sludge handling methods shall be employed. Apart from this, it will be ensured to minimize the environmental impacts due to construction of STP by following proper methods/
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NKUSIP (Package II – Bellary) Tranche II Sub-projects in Koppal CMC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
mitigation measures.
Public demanded for advance notice before construction and proper warning signs along the construction area to avoid accidents and inconvenience. It was demanded for a strong operation and maintains ace system in place for there proposed sewer network for its best functioning to have the maximum health and aesthetic benefits.
Photo. 6.1: Public Consultation
6.1 Grievance Redressal Mechanisms A Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC) will be formed to ensure that grievances are addressed in a timely manner, facilitating timely project implementation. The GRC will comprise representatives from APs (ensuring representation of vulnerable households), local government/
Koppal ULB, Investment Program Officials – Deputy Project Directors of NKUSIP, and NGOs/ community based organizations (CBOs). The GRC will redress grievances at the local-level in a consultative manner and with the participation of the affected households, or their representatives. GRC meetings will be convened as necessary to address complaints as they arise.
The time and date of GRC meetings will be announced to APs by the implementing NGO and RO a week in advance. To further ensure GRC accessibility to APs, the implementing NGO and RO will inform APs on grievance redressal procedures, the functions of the GRC, and how to access the GRC. The first level of screening of grievances shall be undertaken by the implementing
NGO and the GRC. The GRC determine the merit of each grievance and attempt to resolve the same within a month from the date of lodging of complaints, failing which the grievance shall be
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NKUSIP (Package II – Bellary) Tranche II Sub-projects in Koppal CMC Initial Environment Examination (IEE) addressed to the Deputy Commissioner (DC). The GRC shall forward grievances of serious nature immediately on receipt of complaint to the DC. The DC will hear appeals against the decisions of GRC. The decision of DC is final and cannot be contested in any other forum except in the Court of Law. All costs incurred in resolving the complaints will be borne by the Koppal
ULB in Koppal district.
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7. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
7.1 Findings
84. The proposed Investment Program components have less significant (direct/indirect) environmental impacts. Sewerage system improvement for the entire ULB with Sewage Treatment Plant component has certain environmental issues such as sludge handling and disposal; and required mitigation measures during construction and operation phases have been provided. The overall potential environmental impacts of the Program components can be overcome by adopting suggested mitigation measures. The implementation of the proposed Investment program will create many beneficial impacts on Physical, Biological and Socio-economic environment. The nature of the proposed project component, being community upgrading, will fundamentally improve the overall urban environment. The overall environmental benefits will outweigh any localized negative impacts.
85. The suitable Activity plans required for these construction and operation specific impacts of all program components should be prepared by the ULB in association with Program Consultants before construction phase and must be included in the Contract Document. The Activity Plans based on identified mitigation measures include Sludge Management and Disposal Plan (with reference to STP) and Health Risk Plan (with reference to health of workers involved in Sewerage system and STP). CMC and Contractors should implement these plans during program construction and operation phases.
7.2 Recommendations
86. It is expected that the proposed project components have only minor, negative, localized, temporary and less significant environmental impacts. These impacts can be easily mitigated through adequate mitigation measures and regular monitoring during the Design, Construction and Post Construction Phase of the project. It is recommended that PMU should have monitoring responsibility in environmental issues of all program components and to ensure the environmental sustenance of NKUSIP.
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NKUSIP (Package II – Bellary) Tranche II Sub-projects in Koppal CMC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
8. CONCLUSIONS
87. The Investment program emphasizes the importance of conducting an IEE to identify environmental considerations during project component - site identification, design, and feasibility analysis. The findings and recommendations enriched the engineering designs to incorporate simple mitigation measures such as dust suppression, timing of heavy equipment operation to avoid disturbances due to noise, proper handling of domestic wastewater and its re-use for irrigation purposes, and traditional construction practices that overlook these mundane impacts. The IEE also pointed out the need to revise the engineering designs to avoid adverse environmental impacts, reducing potential risk of erosion and groundwater contamination, among others.
88. The proposed Investment Program is beneficial to the environment and the society. The project falls under the Category B of ADB's Guidelines. From this IEE, it can be understood that this Investment Program is of small-scale and does not cause any significant adverse environmental impacts and so a full scale EIA is not required. It is recommended that project can be implemented with proper mitigation measures to protect the environment and also NOCs and Environmental Clearance has been obtained. This IEE with the recommended institutional requirement and environmental monitoring plan becomes the completed EIA. This IEE for the proposed Investment Program meets all the required environmental criteria for subproject selection in EARP. Present status of the project study recommends only IEE for proposed project components. Therefore, no separate EIA is required.
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APPENDIC
NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub-projects in Koppal CMC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
APPENDIX 1: RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (REA) CHECK LIST
SEWAGE TREATMENT
Instructions:
This checklist is to be prepared to support the environmental classification of a project. It is
to be attached to the environmental categorization form that is to be prepared and
submitted to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Regional and Sustainable Development
Department.
This checklist is to be completed with the assistance of an Environment Specialist in a Regional Department.
This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB checklists and handbooks on (i) involuntary resettlement, (ii) indigenous peoples planning, (iii) poverty reduction, (iv) participation and (v) gender and development.
Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.
Country/Project Title: India/North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program Sector Division: Urban Development – Package IV – Koppal CMC
SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No Remarks A. Project Siting Is the project area Densely populated? Heavy with development activities? Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive areas? • Cultural heritage site • Protected Area • Wetland • Mangrove • Estuarine • Buffer zone of protected area • Special area for protecting biodiversity • Bay B. Potential Environmental Impacts
Will the Project cause… Impairment of historical / cultural monuments / No damage to any of the areas and loss / damage to these sites? cultural/religious sensitive areas. The proposed activities are away between 100-300m from the temples Interference with other utilities and blocking of During the construction of UGD lines access to buildings; nuisance to neighboring traffic and human activities may be areas due to noise, smell, and influx of insects, temporarily affected with pollution rodents, etc.? caused by dust and noise generation due to construction machineries. Traffic Management Plan with proper signboards, sprinkling of water for dust suppression, stocking of construction materials away from the densely built up areas have been KUIDFC i SPAN
NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub-projects in Koppal CMC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
suggested. Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of No human settlement in the vicinity people? of the proposed STP site. So, there is no resettlement of people. Impairment of downstream water quality due to The discharged system is designed inadequate sewage treatment or release of to meet the discharge norms of untreated sewage? Inland surface water as suggested by Central Pollution Control Board. It is suggested that STP system should be properly maintained to ensure the efficiency of treatment and no industrial waste/effluents should discharge to sewer lines, which will affect treatment. Overflows and flooding of neighboring Periodic maintenance of sewer lines properties with raw sewage? has been suggested in the EMP to avoid overflowing and flooding of neighboring properties. Environmental pollution due to inadequate It is suggested in EMP that sludge sludge disposal or industrial waste discharges disposal has to be carried out once illegally disposed in sewers? in 7 years. Sludge has to be disposed in pre-identified disposal sites to avoid surface water and soil pollution. It is suggested in EMP that the Koppal CMC has to ensure that no industrial effluent will illegally get discharged into the sewer lines. Noise and vibration due to blasting and other It is suggested in EMP that all civil works? construction machineries used will comply with the noise standards as suggested by CPCB. Discharge of hazardous materials into sewers, As suggested in EMP Koppal CMC resulting in damage to sewer system and has to ensure that no hazardous danger to workers? waste will be illegally discharged into sewer lines. Inadequate buffer zone around pumping and Buffer zone with screens and treatment plants to alleviate noise and other landscaping is suggested to provide possible nuisances, and protect facilities? proper shielding such that STP operation will not have nuisance to surroundings. Social conflict between construction workers The local labor force will be utilized from other areas and community workers? by the contractor for construction activities and hence, there is no possibility for social conflict regarding employment opportunities during construction phase. Road blocking and temporary flooding due to Avoidance of road blocking and land excavation during the rainy season? rerouting of traffic are required during construction stage of sewer lines. Temporary flooding is not anticipated as there is no deep excavation or filling of low laying area envisaged in the report. Noise and dust from construction activities? It is suggested in EMP that all construction machineries used will comply with the noise standards as suggested by CPCB. Dust suppression must be done by sprinkling of water. Traffic disturbances due to construction material Traffic management with rerouting of transport and wastes? traffic during construction period is required to avoid conflict of public transport with construction material/waste transport. Temporary silt runoff due to construction? The construction of waste water will be channeled such that it will have
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NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub-projects in Koppal CMC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
sufficient time to settle the solids and do not deteriorate the water quality of discharging courses. Hazards to public health due to overflow Regular maintenance of sewer lines flooding, and groundwater pollution due to has to be carried out to avoid failure of sewerage system? overflow of sewer lines and related impacts on public health due to pollution. There is no possibility for ground water pollution due to failure in sewerage system as the ground water table is sufficiently deep Deterioration of water quality due to Sludge from the bottom of FAL has inadequate sludge disposal or direct discharge to be removed at regular intervals of untreated sewage water? (normally once in 7 years) to avoid re-suspension in the treated water and thereby deteriorating treated water quality. Direct discharge of untreated sewage water is not anticipated.
Sludge shall be disposed to farmers for agricultural purpose i.e. to increase soil fertility. Contamination of surface and ground waters Sludge should be disposed off only due to sludge disposal on land? in pre-identified disposal sites. The sludge disposal areas should be properly lined with geo-synthetic lining such that it will not leach the near-by water courses/land and pollute the environment. Health and safety hazards to workers from toxic Mixing of hazardous/industrial gases and hazardous materials which maybe effluents with sewage may result in contained in sewage and sludge? toxic gas formation in sewer and STP, which should be avoided through proper law and enforcement.
The sewer cleaning and STP workers should be provided with protective boots, masks, etc. to avoid exposure to pathogens in sewage and sludge and they should be provided with periodic health check-up facilities.
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