Downloaded by [New York University] at 12:50 14 August 2016 the Handbook of Art Therapy

Downloaded by [New York University] at 12:50 14 August 2016 The Handbook of Art Therapy The Handbook of Art Therapy has become the standard introductory text to the theory and practice of art therapy in a variety of settings. This comprehensive book concentrates on the work of art therapists: what they do, where they practise, and how and why art and therapy can combine to help the search for health and understanding of underlying problems. In this third edition, new developments in the profession are clearly described, including sections on neuroscience, research, private practice and the impact of technology on the therapeutic setting. Caroline Case and Tessa Dalley are highly experienced in the teaching, supervision and clinical practice of art therapy. Using ¿ rst-hand accounts of the experience of art therapy from therapists and patients, they cover such aspects as the inÀ uence of psychodynamic thinking, the role of the image in the art process and the setting in which the art therapist works. The Handbook of Art Therapy also focuses on art therapists themselves, and their practice, background and training. The book includes an extensive bibliography, encompassing a comprehensive coverage of the current literature on art therapy and related subjects, and contains a glossary of psychoanalytic terms. Covering basic theory and practice for clinicians and students at all levels of training, this is a key text for art therapists, counsellors, psychotherapists, psychologists and students, as well as professionals working in other arts therapies. Caroline Case is an experienced art therapist and child and adolescent psychotherapist working in private practice and as a clinical supervisor near Bristol, UK. She has published widely on her therapeutic work, with her books including Downloaded by [New York University] at 12:50 14 August 2016 Imagining Animals: Art, Psychotherapy and Primitive States of Mind (Routledge, 2005). Tessa Dalley is an experienced art therapist who works in private practice and as a clinical supervisor. She is also a child and adolescent psychotherapist working in a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) team. She has published a number of books and articles on art therapy and is currently editor of the online journal ATOL: Art Therapy Online, and a reader for the Journal of Child Psychotherapy. This page intentionally left blank Downloaded by [New York University] at 12:50 14 August 2016 The Handbook of Art Therapy Third edition Caroline Case and Tessa Dalley Downloaded by [New York University] at 12:50 14 August 2016 Third edition published 2014 by Routledge 27 Church Road, Hove, East Sussex, BN3 2FA and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2014 Caroline Case and Tessa Dalley The right of Caroline Case and Tessa Dalley to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. First edition published by Routledge 1992 Second edition published by Routledge 2006 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Case, Caroline, 1948- The handbook of art therapy / Caroline Case and Tessa Dalley. — Third edition. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-415-81579-6 (hbk)—ISBN 978-0-415-81580-2 (pbk)— ISBN 978-1-315-77979-9 (ebook) 1. Art therapy—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Art therapy—Great Britain—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 3. Arts—Therapeutic use—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Dalley, Tessa. II. Title. RC489.A7C38 2014 616.89'1656—dc23 2013047160 ISBN: 978-0-415-81579-6 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-415-81580-2 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-77979-9 (ebk) Downloaded by [New York University] at 12:50 14 August 2016 Typeset in Times New Roman by RefineCatch Limited, Bungay, Suffolk Contents List of illustrations vi Preface viii 1 Introduction 1 2 The art therapist 22 3 The art therapy room 60 4 The therapy in art therapy 84 5 The image in art therapy 105 6 Art therapy with individual clients 130 7 Working with groups in art therapy 147 8 Theoretical developments and inÀ uences on current art therapy practice 190 9 Art and psychoanalysis 219 Downloaded by [New York University] at 12:50 14 August 2016 10 Development of psychoanalytic understanding 243 Glossary 270 Bibliography 284 The British Association of Art Therapists 289 Index 295 Illustrations Plates 1 First castle, second castle, third castle 2 (a)–(i) Red, black and yellow sequence 3 Mother 4 Elephant princess 5 Bill ’n’ Bob 6 Abstract pattern 7 (a)–(h) Windmills 8 Rosie: Forest Rosie: Me Rosie: Therapist Rosie: Rabbit Figures 2.1 A tree, a nest and three birds 45 2.2 Group therapy interaction chronogram 47 2.3 Mapping the progress of group members 48 2.4 Recording the work of three children and the therapist 49 3.1 An art therapy room 61 3.2 The art therapy room, Bloom¿ eld Clinic 62 3.3 An art therapy room adapted for parent–infant work 63 Downloaded by [New York University] at 12:50 14 August 2016 3.4 The Art Shed 63 3.5 The Art Shed 64 3.6 The art therapy room, Hill End Hospital, St Albans 68 3.7 The Black Swan Studio 70 3.8 The Black Swan Studio 70 3.9 The Black Swan Studio 71 5.1 Stencil 109 5.2 Finger paints 112 5.3 Death’s head mask 113 Illustrations vii 5.4 Nuns 118 5.5 Divorce 120 5.6 (a)–(f) Isolation, degradation, despair . 123 7.1 (a)–(h) ‘Draw yourself as a tree’ 166 7.2 (a)–(f) Six group pictures 175 7.3 Imran’s clay soldier 179 8.1 The dialogue between image and patient; patient and therapist (after Michael Edwards) 192 8.2 Three-way relating – the dynamic ¿ eld (after Joy Schaverien) 193 Downloaded by [New York University] at 12:50 14 August 2016 Preface This book is entitled The Handbook of Art Therapy to give a clear account of the theory and practice of art therapy. It is not designed to instruct a person to be an art therapist, and anyone reading this book will be advised against thinking that it is a ‘manual’ for practice. The purpose of the book, however, is to give clear guidelines and a detailed understanding of how art therapy is practised and the theory on which this practice is based. Hopefully, this will be useful for people interested in all aspects of art and therapy and perhaps encourage some people to embark on training courses essential for becoming an art therapist. Throughout the book, both client and therapist will be referred to generally as ‘she’ except where a speci¿ c example is being described. This is because the majority of art therapists are women, and most clients who are in therapy are also women. Also, we have chosen to use the word ‘client’ to describe the person in treatment with the ‘therapist’ but this can be interchangeable with ‘patient’, ‘resident’, ‘member’, and does not imply any difference in the approach, although it may reÀ ect some difference in the treatment setting. For readers outside the United Kingdom, reference to the National Health Service will be through the abbreviation NHS. We would like to acknowledge our clients, who have so extensively informed our experience, and also the help of our colleagues, who have made several contributions throughout the book. By working with us and giving generously of their time in describing their particular experience, we feel that this has enabled the text to become ‘alive’ and relate to real circumstances, and has considerably enhanced the quality of the book. In particular, we are grateful to Jen Bromham, Downloaded by [New York University] at 12:50 14 August 2016 Caroline Gilder, Anna Goldsmith, Melody Golebiowski, Moira Jasieniecka, Vanessa Jones, Clare Morgan, Sarah Parkinson, Dean Reddick and Patricia Watts for their invaluable contribution and help in updating Chapter 3. Also, our thanks go to our long-suffering families, whose help and support are actually immeasurable. Chapter 1 Introduction Definitions What is art therapy? Art therapy has a dual heritage from art and psychodynamic ways of thinking. As a result of this there is a spectrum of de¿ nitions and ways of working. Some therapists put an emphasis on the art-making process itself as healing, whereas others focus on the therapeutic relationship with the therapist in the context of image-making as additional communication. We thought that we would put forward a number of de¿ nitions for the reader to think about. A de¿ nition of art therapy, or a particular way of working, will depend on the personality and theoretical orientation of the therapist, the client group and context in which she is working, which may mean an adaption of technique. Many art therapists will be working in more than one way with their different range of clients. The current de¿ nition from the British Association of Art Therapists (BAAT) is as follows: Art Therapy is a form of psychotherapy that uses art media as its primary mode of communication.

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