Birds! a National Library of Australia Exhibition
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BIRDS! A NATIONAL LIBRARY OF AUSTRALIA EXHIBITION © National Library of Australia 1999 National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Birds! Bibliography. ISBN 0 642 10706 8. 1. Birds in art—Exhibitions. 2. Ornithological illustration—Exhibitions. I. National Library of Australia. 704.943280749471 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The National Library of Australia acknowledges the generous support for and interest in the exhibition by the Canberra Ornithologists' Group, Nigel Lendon of Canberra, Graeme Chapman of Vincentia, and John Hawkins of Moss Vale. The Library also acknowledges the support of the following institutions: the State Library of New South Wales, the National Gallery of Australia, the Art Gallery of New South Wales, the Art Gallery and Museum of the Northern Territory, the Art Gallery of South Australia, the Museum of Victoria. Guest Curator: Elizabeth Lawson Curatorial Assistant: Irene Turpie Designer: Kathy Jakupec Printed by Goanna Print, Canberra BIRDS! 'So that the air ... should be populous natural world, their flight and birds we recognise, it equally reveals with vocal and musical creatures.' endurance also make them symbols passing artistic values and a of the human spirit. Their lives 'scientific' way of seeing which Giacomo Leopardi (1798-1837) seem to us numinous and eternal, contrasts strikingly, for instance, From James Thomson (trans.) and but they are dangerously threatened with Aboriginal bird drawings. Even Bertram Dobell (ed.), Essays, Dialogues and by our activities. today, a 'bird in the hand' is often Thoughts (Operette Morali and Pensieri) of Giacomo Leopardi. London: George This exhibition is about birds that held to be 'worth two in the bush', Routledge, [18—]. fly and sing in the Australian but the 'hand' of this exhibition is imagination. Its images may vividly more that of the artist than of the Birds—the only creatures of our remind us of the birds that live in shooter, collector, taxidermist or earth with the gifts of both flight the world around us, but they also more recent bird bander. and song—were flying and singing trace our changing attitudes to birds The colonisation of Australia across the great southern continent and our practical, scientific and coincided with the development of (only recently called Australia) for artistic uses of birds. Even the new European bird science, millions of years before humans ornithological illustration is only ornithology, and of a wide popular heard them. Potent symbols of the illustration. While it reminds us of interest in birds. It also coincided unknown artist The Emu Hunter c.13 000 BC Dangurrung, Mt Brockman, Northern Territory rock painting; height of emu 93 cm reproduced from transparency, original photography by George Chaloupka Courtesy of the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory with the flowering of print culture: illustrative engraving, lithographic and other colour-print technologies, fine book-making and photography. Today, just as these arts face the radical challenge of new electronic technologies, this exhibition presents a retrospective of images of birds produced by that period of spectacular art and paper work. Most of the birds of this story come from the diverse European- Australian collections in the National Library of Australia; from European scientific and artistic traditions recreated progressively within our colonial and recent pasts. Generous loans of modern Aboriginal bird sculptures and paintings show that ancient indigenous and younger European forms have existed side by side in Australia, but have only recently begun to learn from one another. The image of the rock painting The Emu Hunter of 15 000 years ago, photographed by the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, attests to the breathtaking antiquity of Australian culture. In the light of this painting, the birds of a medieval manuscript from Lilian Marguerite Medland (1880-1955) fifteenth-century Europe spring into Syma torotoro and Other Birds c. 1930s recent time. Following these historic watercolour; 27.8 x 19 cm R6616 Plate G images from the two great streams of our tradition—indigenous and lands 'where bright blossoms are many birds, like the abundant European—the collections of the scentless, / And songless bright mutton bird on Norfolk Island, National Library go on to tell their birds'. This common colonial were simply eaten out. Many story of birds and modern Australia. prejudice could not long defy what admired birds were destroyed by people actually heard in the bush. their admirers' mania for imported Yet the predatory activities of field-sports and competitive, Songless Bright Birds visitors and settlers quickly created lucrative collection. The Kangaroo an actual 'songlessness' in the Island and Macquarie Island emus In 1870, Adam Lindsay Gordon spreading, colonised lands. In the were extinct before John Gould's (1833-1870) wrote of Australian first starvation years of invasion, Birds of Australia (1841-1848). 2 with work by James Sowerby, John William Lewin, Ferdinand Bauer and Charles Lesueur, displayed in the form of original paintings, hand-coloured engravings in rare books, and, in the case of Ferdinand Bauer, in the form of recent hand-printed lithographs. They culminate in examples of the famous lithographic work of Elizabeth Gould. John Gould produced his remarkable volumes of Birds of Australia (1841-1848) from his publishing house in Golden Square, London. He used the lithographic work of his wife, Elizabeth Gould, Geraldine Rede (1874-1943) and, after her sudden death in The White Feather c.1900 [Portrait of Miles Franklin] 1841, that of Henry Constantine pencil and crayon; 23.5 x 30 cm R681 Richter, William Hart and others. With John Lewin's Birds of New Holland ... (1808) and Birds of New Early colonial bird sketches distinguish between human and South Wales (1813) their only record the naturalists' fascination animal domains. The whole predecessors, these great books with the marvellous southern birds, country seemed one vast repository inaugurated a remarkable tradition and show that Australian animals, of specimens. of fine Australian bird book-making. along with the land and its The exhibition complements books sovereign people, were invaded. by John Gould and Gregory Birds were shot, collected, sketched, Brilliant Curiosities Macalister Mathews with original stuffed and shipped home as sketches and watercolours, and Art enlivens dead things. Many of specimens of science by the invaders. with fascinating related documents the images of colonial bird art were Ships returning to England and its from the Library's Manuscript drawn (as many still are) from insatiable collection trades carried, Collection. Also featured is a rare skins, often by Londoners in even into our own century, countless Victorian cabinet of stuffed London. The skins hold form, cargoes of songless bright birds. Australian fauna which was made colour and texture motionless for by Henry E. Ward, the famous copying, but, remote from their London taxidermist and friend of bushland, produce sketches that And Human Bones John Gould. Almost certainly seem naive and awkward. Often it exhibited at the London Every 'bird in the hand' mirrored is the radiant hand-colouring that International Exhibition of 1862, the enduring attempt to silence the makes these birds live. this large cabinet filled with historic songlines of the world's The exhibition's early documentary hundreds of specimens illustrates oldest human culture. 'Enlightened' drawings begin with the jewel-like the grandeur and ambition of high European greed for an exploitable paintings of the Hunter sketchbook, Victorian versions of eighteenth- new world did not, as several works and with watercolours from the century 'cabinets of curiosities'. in the exhibition make clear, Sarah Stone album. They continue 3 fan of Nicholas Chevalier's entrancing watercolour Fancy Costume Emblematic of Australia (c.1860) pointed the sorry way to Australian involvement in the devastating worldwide plumage industry which lasted into the 1920s. The arts of taxidermy were now drawn boldly into the adornment and decorative crafts, as Eliza Catherine Wintle's splendid Kookaburra Handscreen (c.1892) shows. Dazzling Australian birds like the white egret and heron were transformed to spectacular feather- work, and brought close to extinction. John Heaviside Clark (c.1770-1863) engraver Expressive bird art, unconcerned after John William Lewin (1770-1819) with identification, addresses the Throwing the Spear in Field Sports &c. &c. of the Native Inhabitants of New South Wales 1813 emotional and symbolic value of Supplement to Foreign Field Sports, Fisheries, Sporting Anecdotes &c. &c. birds. Over a century before London: Edward Orme, 1814 F577 Australian colonial work, Simon Verelst's portrait Lady Anne Russell This scientific strand in an evolution from awkwardly (c.1670s) used an imported Australian bird portraiture is seen posed curiosities to bright cockatoo in a flashy imperial throughout the exhibition in bird recognisable friends in home variation on the use of birds in paintings by Louisa Atkinson, foliage and habitat. The changing European child portraiture. The Neville William Cayley, Ebenezer illustrative styles also mirror a cryptic Boy with a Sulphur-crested E. Gostelow, Betty Temple Watts and history of attitudes toward birds, Cockatoo (c.1815?), attributed to Lilian Medland; then in spectacular from the time when fading, insect- John William Lewin, presents its paintings by William