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Problems of Drug Dependence 1998: Proceedings of the 60Th Annual Scientific Meeting the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc National Institute on Drug Abuse RESEARCH MONOGRAPH SERIES Problems of Drug Dependence 1998: Proceedings of the 60th Annual Scientific Meeting The College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services1 • National79 Institutes of Health Problems of Drug Dependence, 1998: Proceedings of the 66th Annual Scientific Meeting, The College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc. Editor: Louis S. Harris, Ph.D. Virginia Commonwealth University NIDA Research Monograph 179 1998 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute on Drug Abuse 6001 Executive Boulevard Bethesda, MD 20892 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc., an independent, non-profit organization conducts drug testing and evaluations for academic institutions, government, and industry. This monograph is based on papers or presentations from the 60th Annual Scientific Meeting of the CPDD, held in Scottsdale, Arizona, June 12-17, 1998. In the interest of rapid dissemination, it is published by the National Institute on Drug Abuse in its Research Monograph series as reviewed and submitted by the CPDD. Dr. Louis S. Harris, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University was the editor of this monograph. COPYRIGHT STATUS The National Institute on Drug Abuse has obtained permission from the copyright holders to reproduce certain previously published materials as noted in the text. Further reproduction of this copyrighted material is permitted only as part of a reprinting of the entire publication or chapter. For any other use, the copyright holder’s permission is required. All other material in this volume except quoted passages from copyrighted sources is in the public domain and may be used or reproduced without permission from the Institute or the authors. Citation of the source is appreciated. Opinions expressed in this volume are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or official policy of the National Institute on Drug Abuse or any other part of the Department of Health and Human Services. The U.S. Government does not endorse or favor any specific commercial product or company. Trade, proprietary, or company names appearing in this publication are used only because they are considered essential in the context of the studies reported herein. NIH Publication No. 99-4395 Printed March 1999 NIDA Research Monographs are indexed in the Index Medicus. They are selectively included in the coverage of American Statistics Index, BioSciences Information Service, Chemical Abstracts, Current Contents, Psychological Abstracts, and Psychopharmacology Abstracts. BOARD OF DIRECTORS Linda A. Dykstra, Ph.D., President M. Ross Johnson, Ph.D. Billy R. Martin, Ph.D., President-elect Michael J. Kuhar, Ph.D. Stephen G. Holtzman, Ph.D., Past-president Edythe D. London, Ph.D. George E. Bigelow, Ph.D., Treasurer Scott E. Lukas, Ph.D. Warren K. Bickel, Ph.D. Frank Porreca, Ph.D. Richard Bonnie, L.L.B. Beny J. Primm, M.D. Kathleen T. Brady, M.D., Ph.D. Peter Reuter, Ph.D. Linda B. Cottler, Ph.D., M.P.H. Sidney H. Schnoll, M.D., Ph.D. Harriet de Wit, Ph.D. Charles R. Schuster, Ph.D. Avram Goldstein, M.D. William L. Woolverton, Ph.D. Dorothy Hatsukami, Ph.D. Alice M. Young, Ph.D. John Hughes, M.D. EXECUTIVE OFFICER Martin W. Adler, Ph.D. SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM COMMITTEE Thomas R. Kosten, Ph.D., Chair Scott Lukas, Ph.D., Co-Chair Martin W. Adler, Ph.D. Linda Cottler, Ph.D., M.P.H. Howard Deutsch, Ph.D. Toby Eisenstein, Ph.D. Ellen B. Geller, M.A. Kathryn Gill, Ph.D. Chris-Ellyn Johanson, Ph.D. Mary J. Kreek, M.D. Horace Loh, Ph.D. S. Steven Negus, Ph.D. James Zacny, Ph.D. iii The following organizations have generously supported the work of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence during the past year: Astra Bristol-Myers Squibb Cephalon Eli Lilly Hoffman-La Roche Immunologic Pharmaceutical Corporation Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre Interneuron Pharmaceuticals Merck & Co., Inc. Pfizer Pharmacia & Upjohn The Purdue Frederick Company/Purder Pharma Reckitt Colman Schering Plough Searle Synthelabo Recherche Wyeth-Ayerst Zeneca Pharmacueticals iv TABLE OF CONTENTS PLENARY SESSION In Memoriam: Leo Abood L. S. Harris 1 In Memoriam: Keith Killiam W. L. Dewey 3 In Memoriam: Akira E. Takemori J. M. Fujimoto and E. L. Way 5 Nathan B. Eddy Award Lecture J. Lewis 7 SYMPOSIUM I Dr. Sydney Archer Memorial Symposium on Medicinal Chemistry J. M. Bidlack, Chair 14 SYMPOSIUM II Nonhuman Primate Models for Studying Neurobiological Substrates and Cognitive Processes Affected by Drugs of Abuse L. Gold and T. Aigner, Chairpersons 15 SYMPOSIUM IV Endogenous Cannabinoids: Relevance to Marijuana Abuse J. Wiley and S. Childers, Chairpersons 18 SYMPOSIUM V Drug Abuse Pharmacotherapy Development in the Private Sector W. K. Schmidt and R. Mansbach, Chairpersons 20 SYMPOSIUM VI Motivating Behavior Change Among Cocaine Abusers through Intensive Contingency Management Interventions K. Silverman and S. T. Higgins, Chairpersons 24 SYMPOSIUM VII Magnetic Resonance Applications in Substance Abuse M. Kaufman and L. Chang, Chairpersons 28 SYMPOSIUM VIII The Drug Evaluation Committee of the CPDD: History and Current Status W. Woolverton and C. P. France, Chairpersons 32 SYMPOSIUM XI "Agonist"-Type Approaches to the Treatment of Cocaine Dependence J. Roache and J. Grabowski, Chairpersons 36 v SPECIAL SYMPOSIUM Brain Imaging in Development of Medications for Drug Abuse E. D. London, Organizer 40 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS I Immune Function and Disease 46 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS II Psychiatric Comorbidity 50 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS III Cocaine Treatment: Medications and Social Factors 54 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS IV Opioids: Behavior 59 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS V AIDS and HIV Risk 64 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS VI Nicotine: Behavior and Physiology 68 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS VII Methadone and its Challengers: LAAM and Buprenorphine 71 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS VIII Cannabinoids: Basic to Clinical 75 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS IX Adolescent Drug Abuse: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Consequences 80 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS X Molecular Mechanisms of Cocaine 84 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XI Tobacco Use Patterns and Cessation 88 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XII Analgesia: Basic and Clinical Studies 92 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XIII Child Development 97 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XIV New Vistas in Buprenorphine Treatment 101 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XV Neuroimaging: Alcohol and Cocaine 106 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XVI Methamphetamine 108 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XVII Molecular and Genetic Studies in Stimulation and Opioids 112 vi ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XVIII Dopamine Transporter/Receptors 115 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XIX Opioids: Signal Transduction 120 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XX Discriminative Stimulus and Behavioral Effects 124 of Benzodiazepines ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XXI Perinatal Effects of Drugs of Abuse 128 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XXII Alcohol: Ethnic, Gender, and Genetic Factors 133 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XXIII Health Services Delivery: Needs vs. Solutions 136 POSTER SESSION I 141 HIV/AIDS Gender Effects Stimulants: Behavior Stimulants: Memory and Mood Neuroimaging and EEG Cocaine: Craving and Treatment Opioids: Receptors and Mechanisms Neurotransmitters, Neuropeptides: DA, 5-HT Nicotine Data Collection and Analysis WHO/NIDA/CPDD International Traveling Fellowships POSTER SESSION II 198 Epidemiology and Policy Issues Adolescent Substance Abuse Psychiatric Comorbidity Amphetamines Cocaine: Interactions Cocaine: Physiology Buprenorphine Analgesia Opioids: Behavior Chemistry Immune and Neuroendocrine Effects vii POSTER SESSIONS III 258 Perinatal Substance Abuse Family Studies Criminal Justice Methadone, LAAM Substance Abuse Treatment Polydrug Abuse Cocaine: Pharmacotherapies Cocaine: Chronic Effects PCP, Hallucinogens Benzodiazepines, Sedative-Hypnotics, Alcohol Human Laboratory Studies Marijuana LATE ABSTRACTS 315 ANNUAL REPORTS BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF COMPOUNDS FOR THEIR PHYSICAL 319 DEPENDENCE POTENTIAL AND ABUSE LIABILITY. XXI. DRUG EVALUATION COMMITTEE OF THE COLLEGE ON PROBLEMS OF DRUG DEPENDENCE (1998) A. E. Jacobson, Biological Coordinator, Drug Evaluation Committee, CPDD DEPENDENCE STUDIES OF NEW COMPOUNDS IN THE RHESUS MONKEY, 333 RAT AND MOUSE (1998) M. D. Aceto, E. R. Bowman, L. S. Harris, and E. L. May EVALUATION OF NEW COMPOUNDS FOR OPIOID ACTIVITY (1998) 365 J. H. Woods, F. Medzihradsky, C. B. Smith, R. R. Butelman, and G. Winger PROGRESS REPORT FROM THE TESTING PROGRAM FOR STIMULANT 381 AND DEPRESSANT DRUGS (1998) G. Winger, J. K. Rowlett W. L. Woolverton, C. P. France, and L. R. Gerak AUTHOR INDEX 393 SUBJECT INDEX 408 viii IN MEMORIAM LEO G. ABOOD (1922-1998) On January 18, 1998, three days after his seventy-sixth birthday, Dr. Leo G. Abood died suddenly of a massive heart attack in New York City. Leo Abood was a distinguished biomedical scientist whose studies on the mechanisms of action of abused substances contributed significantly to the field of drug dependence. Leo was born in Erie Pennsylvania on January 15, 1922. After earning his undergraduate degree in chemistry, at Ohio Sate University, he received his Ph.D. in pharmacology at the University of Chicago. He began his academic career as Instructor of Physiology at the University of Chicago. In 1952, he moved to the University of Illinois College of Medicine, where he rose through the ranks to Professor of Neurophysiology and Biochemistry and Director of Research of the Neuropsychiatric Institute. In 1965, he left Illinois to assume the post of Professor of Brain Research and Biochemistry at the University of Rochester School
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