DOCSLIB.ORG

Invertebrates Z202 and ZL203

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Invertebrates Z202 and ZL203 Invertebrates Z202 and ZL203 Lecturer: Dr. Nagiba Shoker E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Phylum: Mollusca This phylum is one of the three largest phyla of the animal kingdom. The Molluscs have always been of interest to man, as food, as sources of dyes, as intermediate hosts to many important parasitic helminthes , and as producers of pearls. General characteristics: 1. Habitat: molluscs inhabit marine, fresh-water and terrestrial habitats 2. Symmetry: The molluscs are either bilaterally symmetrical, or assymmetrical according to the species . 3. The coelom varies in development, being either reduced or complete . 4.Segmentation:The bodies are soft, unsegmented , without jointed appendage. 5. The Body regions are head, muscular foot, and visceral hump which is covered by a mantle that encloses a mantle cavity. 6. The Exoskeleton is represented by a calcareous shell which is secreted by the mantle and consists of one or more pieces. 7. The respiratory organs mainly consists of one to many comb-like gills in aquatic molluscs . However, the mantle is used for aerial respiration in the terrestrial forms . 8. The alimentary canal usually has a buccal mass with a grinding organ (radula), salivary glands and a stomach into which opens a digestive gland. 9. The circulatory system of the molluscs is open except in cephalopods which have a closed system. The heart dorsal and consists of ventricle and 2 auricles. 10. Excretion takes place by paired coelomic Kidneys. The kidneys with glandular epithelium that extracts nitrogenous wastes from the blood. 1 Invertebrates Z202 and ZL203 11. The nervous system consists of paired cerebral, pleural, pedal and visceral ganglia. Eyes are either simple or developed. 12. The sexes are usually separate (unisexual), some are hermaphrodite. The development is either direct or indirect with metamorphosis through trochophore and veliger larvae. Subphylum (I): Placophora Class1: Polyplacophora This includes molluscs with an elongated bilaterally symmetrical body and a head without tentacles or eyes. The shell consists of 8 transverse plates. The nervous system is primitive, without definite ganglia. Order: Ischnochitonida Family: Chitonidae ex: Acanthochiton spinigera Acanthochiton spinigera is one of the large species, up to 10cm. in length, which is commonly found on sea coasts . It is seen adhering to rocks, but it can creep slowly from place to feed largely on algae . The sexes are separate. External features: The body is elongated and oval in shape convex above and flattened below. The mantle covers the whole of the dorsal side of the body. A calacareous shell formed of 8 overlapped transverse plates, covers the dorsal side of the mantle, while numerous calcareous spicules projects from the mantle edge. -The head: is small, flattened, lies anteriorly and bears no eyes or tentacles, but has the mouth opening as a transverse apereture. The foot: is large, broad, distinctly flattened and separated from the head in front by a narrow furrow. Besides affecting creeping movements, the foot acts as a sucker enabling the animal to cling to rough rocky surfaces. The mantle cavity is in the form of a narrow mantle groove extending all around the head and foot. One row of numerous short ctenidia or gills projects in the mantle 2 Invertebrates Z202 and ZL203 groove on each side of the foot .Each of thegonopore, the excretory pore and the anus opens in the mantle cavity . Respiration is carried out by gills projecting in the mantle cavity. The circulatory system is an open system. The heart consists of two auricles and a median elongated ventricle. It lies dorsally in a large pericardium. Dorsal aorta passes anteriorly from the ventricle and carries blood to the various organs and a series of haemocelic sinuses. The blood is returned via a branchial circulation to the two auricles which join the ventricle laterally. The excretory system:The renal organs are a pair of kidneys. Each is usually in the form of a long U-shaped tube which opens internally into the pericardium (by a renopericardial canal), and externally in the mantle groove to discharge the wastes via the excretory pore. The Nervous system is primitive, without defenite ganglia . A nerve ring surrounds the oesophagus, anteriorly it sends nerves to the buccal region and posteriorly gives rise to two pairs of longitudinal pallio-visceral cords which innervate the mantle and visceral organs, and unite posteriorly via a supra-anal commissure. The pedal cords innervate the foot muscles. Both pairs are inter-connected by numerous transverse commissures. The Radula: It is the grinding appendage of some mollscus. It is formed of a long horny membrane on which a large number of recurved teeth are arranged in successive transverse rows. 3 Invertebrates Z202 and ZL203 4 Invertebrates Z202 and ZL203 Subphylum (II): Conchifera Class (1): Gastropoda - Class Gastropoda include marine, freshwater and terrestrial forms which are mostly bilaterally asymmetrical . They have a distinct head with eyes, tentacles and a radula . The foot is broad and muscular . The visceral hump is elongate and often coiled in a spiral, exhibiting torsion to various degrees. The mantle secretes a spirally coiled univalve shell. The excretory system includes one or two kidneys which drain from the pericardial cavity and discharge into the mantle cavity. The nervous system contains distinct cerebral and pleural ganglia beside pedal, and visceral ones. Subclass: Pulmonata Order : Stylommatophora Family: Helicidae Ex: Eremina desertorum (The desert snail) It is a common inhabitantant of the Egyptian deserts. It is a terrestrial herbivorous gastropod. The snail is generally inactive in the hot period of the year where the shell aperture is closed by a hard calcareous epiphragm . The external features : The body of the snail is mainly composed of 3 region , head, foot and visceral hump . The head and the foot are fused, forming the head- foot. The visceral hump is coiled in a spiral and is completely covered by a similarly coiled shell, which it never leaves during life. The shell: is milky-white to light brownish in colour, globose and dextral or right handed. The whorls are about 4 in number, the largest one is termed the body whorl. They are marked externally with transverse striations which represent the lines of growth. The apex is the top of the shell. The shell aperture is the peristome. The columella is the central axis of the shell formed by the coalescence of the inner walls of the whorl, ending with a ventral umbilicus. 5 Invertebrates Z202 and ZL203 The head-foot: the head occupies the anterior region and has the mouth opening on its front surface. It carries dorsally two pairs of retractile tentacles, where the longer one bears a pair of simple eyes. The head also carries a single genital opening on the right side and an opening of the pedal gland below the mouth, which produces a slimy secretion. - The foot is a thick muscular mass which has a smooth, flat, ciliated ventral surface, on which the snail creeps. The visceral hump is a long, spirally coiled cone which includes the different body organs and is enveloped by the mantle. It occupies the cavity of the shell whorls in the living snail and attaches posteriorly to the columella of the shell. The anterior thick margin of the mantle, the collor, is the seat of secretion of the principal layers of the shell. The mantle covers over a spacious cavity known as the mantle cavity. There is a narrow orifices on the right side of the collar; these are: pulmonary opening, anal opening and excretory opening. Respiration: Eremina is a terrestrial mollusc which breathes atmospheric air. The mantle cavity acts as a lung or pulmonary cavity. The wall of the mantle cavity is provided with a network of blood capillaries, through which respiratory gaseous exchange takes place between the blood and the air entering the mantle cavity through the pulmonary opening. The circulatory system: The heart consists of an anterior auricle and a posterior ventricle , lying in the pericardial cavity . The ventricle gives rise to a single short aorta which divides into an anterior aorta and a posterior aorta which supply blood to the head foot complex and the visceral mass, respectively. Non-oxygenated blood is collected in the main haemocoelic sinus, from which blood passes into a circum pulmonary sinus for oxygenation. Afferent pulmonary vessels from this sinus ramify on the roof of the mantle and pass into efferent pulmonary vessels which carry the oxygenated blood to the large pulmonary vessel. This vessel runs backwards and opens into the auricle. 6 Invertebrates Z202 and ZL203 The excretory system: This consists of a single triangular kidney that lies beside the heart. It drains wastes from the pericardial cavity by a renopericardial duct. A long ureter extends from the kidney and opens by the excretory pore on the mantle collar. The nervous system: The nervous system is typically ganglionated. It is concentrated into a circumoesphageal nerve ring on which the nerve ganglia are localized and send off nerves to all parts of the body. These consists of : 1.2cerebral ganglia innervate the head region. 2. 2 pedal ganglia innervate the foot. 3. 2 pleural ganglia innervate the mantle. 4. 2 parietal ganglia innervate the mantle. 5. A single visceral ganglion innervates the organs in the visceral mass 6. 2 small buccal ganglia innervate a considerable portion of the alimentary tract lie on the back of the buccal mass and are connected with the cerebral ganglia. Reproductive system:- The snail is hermaphrodite . The reproductive system is formed of a single small gland called the hermaphrodite gland or ovotestis. A single convoluted hermaphrodite duct arises from this gland and leads down till the base of a bean shaped albumen gland.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Abstract Volume
    ABSTRACT VOLUME August 11-16, 2019 1 2 Table of Contents Pages Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………………………………...1 Abstracts Symposia and Contributed talks……………………….……………………………………………3-225 Poster Presentations…………………………………………………………………………………226-291 3 Venom Evolution of West African Cone Snails (Gastropoda: Conidae) Samuel Abalde*1, Manuel J. Tenorio2, Carlos M. L. Afonso3, and Rafael Zardoya1 1Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva 2Universidad de Cadiz, Departamento CMIM y Química Inorgánica – Instituto de Biomoléculas (INBIO) 3Universidade do Algarve, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR) Cone snails form one of the most diverse families of marine animals, including more than 900 species classified into almost ninety different (sub)genera. Conids are well known for being active predators on worms, fishes, and even other snails. Cones are venomous gastropods, meaning that they use a sophisticated cocktail of hundreds of toxins, named conotoxins, to subdue their prey. Although this venom has been studied for decades, most of the effort has been focused on Indo-Pacific species. Thus far, Atlantic species have received little attention despite recent radiations have led to a hotspot of diversity in West Africa, with high levels of endemic species. In fact, the Atlantic Chelyconus ermineus is thought to represent an adaptation to piscivory independent from the Indo-Pacific species and is, therefore, key to understanding the basis of this diet specialization. We studied the transcriptomes of the venom gland of three individuals of C. ermineus. The venom repertoire of this species included more than 300 conotoxin precursors, which could be ascribed to 33 known and 22 new (unassigned) protein superfamilies, respectively. Most abundant superfamilies were T, W, O1, M, O2, and Z, accounting for 57% of all detected diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf 439.15 K
    Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. ISSN 1110 – 6131 Vol. 25(3): 23 – 38 (2021) www.ejabf.journals.ekb.eg Marine, freshwater, and terrestrial snails as models in the biomedical applications Amina M. Ibrahim 1, Ahmed A. Hamed 2 , Mosad A. Ghareeb 3* 1Environmental Research and Medical Malacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, 12411, Egypt 2Microbial Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt 3Medicinal Chemistry Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, 12411, Egypt *Corresponding Author: [email protected] ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: A snail is a member of the molluscan gastropods that has a cosmopolitan Received: March 15, 2021 distribution, inhabiting marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats. The present Accepted: April 27, 2021 review highlights the importance of the snails as they have medical and Online: May 25, 2021 veterinary applications, besides being considered as excellent indicators of _______________ ecosystem health like Biomphalaria sp., and Lymnaea stagnalis freshwater snails. Also, snails have been proved to be excellent models in neurophysiology, Keywords: especially on learning and memory formation like Aplysia californica marine Snails, snail and Lymnaea stagnalis freshwater snails. Marine snails produce Molluscan gastropods, antimicrobial secondary metabolites that exhibit anticancer, antibiotic, antiviral, Marine snails, neurotoxic, or anti-inflammatory properties. These materials can be obtained Freshwater snails, from the extracts of Babylonia spirata, Buccinulum corneum, Buccinum Terrestrial snails, undatum, Littorina littorea “called littorerin”, Haliotis laevigata or H. rubra, Secondary metabolites Murex pectin, Tegula gallina, conotoxins released from Conus magus, and hemocyanins of Rapana venosa snails. Freshwater snails have many bioactive compounds that have antimicrobial activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Molluscs from the Stone and Mud-Brick Tombs in Abusir (Egypt) and the Provenance of So-Called “Nile-Mud”
    Volume IV ● Issue 1/2013 ● Pages 9–22 INTERDISCIPLINARIA ARCHAEOLOGICA NATURAL SCIENCES IN ARCHAEOLOGY homepage: http://www.iansa.eu IV/1/2013 Molluscs from the Stone and Mud-brick Tombs in Abusir (Egypt) and the Provenance of so-called “Nile-mud” Martin Odlera*, Veronika Dulíkováa, Lucie Juřičkováb aCzech Institute of Egyptology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, Celetná 20, 110 00 Prague 1, Czech Republic bDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: More than 200 archaeological features were looted in Abusir during the Egyptian Lotus revolution in Received: 27. February 2013 January 2011. The survey of the looted features brought to light among other material mollusc shells Accepted: 24. June 2013 from mud-brick, mud plaster and layers covering and filling tombs and shafts. Sixteen features could be dated to the Old Kingdom (5th–6th dynasty, ca. 2435–2118 BC); there are two possible features Keywords: from the 3rd dynasty or early 4th dynasty (ca. 2543–2436 BC) and one feature datable to the Late Abusir Period (664–404 BC). Four species of gastropods and five species of bivalves were identified. A Old Kingdom number of the species are now either extinct or have a limited range in the Nile with these including: Late Period Unio elongatulus, Coelatura aegyptiaca, Anodonta cygnaea, and in all probability Etheria elliptica. Molluscs The most frequent freshwater species in the corpus, from slow flowing or stagnant waters, could be Environment evidence for the environment from which the mud for mud-brick and mud plaster was extracted.
    [Show full text]
  • THE BIOLOGY of TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCS This Page Intentionally Left Blank the BIOLOGY of TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCS
    THE BIOLOGY OF TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCS This Page Intentionally Left Blank THE BIOLOGY OF TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCS Edited by G.M. Barker Landcare Research Hamilton New Zealand CABI Publishing CABI Publishing is a division of CAB International CABI Publishing CABI Publishing CAB International 10 E 40th Street Wallingford Suite 3203 Oxon OX10 8DE New York, NY 10016 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 212 481 7018 Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Fax: +1 212 686 7993 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] © CAB International 2001. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The biology of terrestrial molluscs/edited by G.M. Barker. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-85199-318-4 (alk. paper) 1. Mollusks. I. Barker, G.M. QL407 .B56 2001 594--dc21 00-065708 ISBN 0 85199 318 4 Typeset by AMA DataSet Ltd, UK. Printed and bound in the UK by Cromwell Press, Trowbridge. Contents Contents Contents Contributors vii Preface ix Acronyms xi 1 Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology 1 G.M. Barker 2 Body Wall: Form and Function 147 D.L. Luchtel and I. Deyrup-Olsen 3 Sensory Organs and the Nervous System 179 R. Chase 4 Radular Structure and Function 213 U. Mackenstedt and K. Märkel 5 Structure and Function of the Digestive System in Stylommatophora 237 V.K.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Volume
    ABSTRACT VOLUME August 11-16, 2019 1 2 Table of Contents Pages Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………………………………...1 Abstracts Symposia and Contributed talks……………………….……………………………………………3-205 Poster Presentations…………………………………………………………………………………207-270 3 Venom Evolution of West African Cone Snails (Gastropoda: Conidae) Samuel Abalde*1, Manuel J. Tenorio2, Carlos M. L. Afonso3, and Rafael Zardoya1 1Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva 2Universidad de Cadiz, Departamento CMIM y Química Inorgánica – Instituto de Biomoléculas (INBIO) 3Universidade do Algarve, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR) Cone snails form one of the most diverse families of marine animals, including more than 900 species classified into almost ninety different (sub)genera. Conids are well known for being active predators on worms, fishes, and even other snails. Cones are venomous gastropods, meaning that they use a sophisticated cocktail of hundreds of toxins, named conotoxins, to subdue their prey. Although this venom has been studied for decades, most of the effort has been focused on Indo-Pacific species. Thus far, Atlantic species have received little attention despite recent radiations have led to a hotspot of diversity in West Africa, with high levels of endemic species. In fact, the Atlantic Chelyconus ermineus is thought to represent an adaptation to piscivory independent from the Indo-Pacific species and is, therefore, key to understanding the basis of this diet specialization. We studied the transcriptomes of the venom gland of three individuals of C. ermineus. The venom repertoire of this species included more than 300 conotoxin precursors, which could be ascribed to 33 known and 22 new (unassigned) protein superfamilies, respectively. Most abundant superfamilies were T, W, O1, M, O2, and Z, accounting for 57% of all detected diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Gastropoda, Pulmonata: Helicidae) in Morocco
    JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY (2018), VOL.43, NO.1 17 EVOLUTION AND TAXONOMY OF THE POPULATIONS OF EREMINA (GASTROPODA, PULMONATA: HELICIDAE) IN MOROCCO 1 1 2 2 DAVID T. HOLYOAK , GERALDINE A. HOLYOAK , LUIS J. CHUECA & BENJAMÍN J. GÓMEZ MOLINER 1Quinta da Cachopa, Rua da Barcoila, no 274, Barcoila, 6100–014 Cabeçudo, Portugal. 2Depto Zoología y B.C.A., Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad País Vasco, UPV/EHU c/ Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria- Gasteiz, Spain. Abstract The taxonomy and nomenclature of Moroccan Eremina (Helicidae) is revised, mainly on the basis of extensive new collections made in 1986 and 2016. Molecular data from the recent collections supplemented interpretations based on study of shells and genital anatomy. Four Moroccan species are recognised here: the localised E. dillwyniana s.s. (S. of El Ouatia [ = Tan- Tan Plâge] to Tarfaya) and the widespread E. duroi (near Sidi Ifni southwards to N. Mauritania) have rounded shells with low spires and live in a relatively humid zone prone to sea mists just inland of the Atlantic coast. E. vermiculosa has a subglobular shell and occurs further inland around the range of E. dillwyniana and the northern part of that of E. duroi (from near Guelmim to region SW. of Tan- Tan). E. inexspectata with keeled shells has a small range in rocky sandstone hills from the Oued Draa southwards to near Tan- Tan, separating two groups of populations of E. vermiculosa. Populations comprised mainly of intergrades (presumed hybrids) occur in a narrow zone where the ranges of E. duroi and E. vermicu- losa meet. Intergrades of E.
    [Show full text]
  • And Eremina Desertorum Irregularis (Férussac, 1821) (Gastropoda: Helicidae) of the Northern Deserts of Egypt
    Provided for non-commerci al research and education use. Vol. 9 No. 1 (2017) Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences is the official English language journal of the Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Shams University. The Journal publishes original research papers and reviews from any zoological discipline or from directly allied fields in ecology, behavioral biology, physiology & biochemistry. www.eajbs.eg.net Citation: Egypt. Acad. J. Biolog. Sci. (B. Zoology) Vol. 9(1)pp43-54 (2017) Egypt. Acad. J. Biolog. Sci., 9(1): 43- 54 (2017) Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences B. Zoology ISSN: 2090 – 0759 www.eajbs.eg.net Morphological and Anatomical Characteristics of the Two Taxa Eremina desertorum desertorum (Forskål, 1775) and Eremina desertorum irregularis (Férussac, 1821) (Gastropoda: Helicidae) of the Northern Deserts of Egypt Reham Fathey Ali* 1 Department of Zoology and Agricultural Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, El – Gammaa St., 12613, Giza, Egypt. *Correspondence: [email protected] - [email protected] REVIEW ARTICLE ABSTRACT INFO Article History The characteristic differentiation of the shell morphology and Received:25/1/2017 genitalia organs of the two native desert terrestrial snails Eremina Accepted:15/3/2017 desertorum desertorum (Forskål, 1775) and Eremina desertorum _________________ irregularis (Férussac, 1821) had been discussed in this article, showing Keywords: the main characteristic aspects of the two taxa through the previous and Genitalia recent literatures and studies of this genus. The two species are common Northern Egypt widespread land snails that inhabit the desert of North Coast region of Morphology northern part of Egypt along the Mediterranean Sea, and considered as Shell description part of the natural ecosystem.
    [Show full text]
  • Wgitmo Report 2016
    ICES WGITMO REPORT 2016 SCICOM STEERING GROUP ON ECOSYSTEM PRESSURES AND IMPACTS ICES CM 2016/SSGEPI:10 REF. ACOM, SCICOM Report of the Working Group on Introductions and Transfers of Marine Organisms (WGITMO) 16-18 March 2016 Olbia, Italy International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Conseil International pour l’Exploration de la Mer H. C. Andersens Boulevard 44–46 DK-1553 Copenhagen V Denmark Telephone (+45) 33 38 67 00 Telefax (+45) 33 93 42 15 www.ices.dk [email protected] Recommended format for purposes of citation: ICES. 2016. Report of the Working Group on Introductions and Transfers of Marine Organisms (WGITMO), 16–18 March 2016, Olbia, Italy. ICES CM 2016/SSGEPI:10. 201 pp. For permission to reproduce material from this publication, please apply to the Gen- eral Secretary. The document is a report of an Expert Group under the auspices of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea and does not necessarily represent the views of the Council. © 2016 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea ICES WGITMO REPORT 2016 | i Contents Executive summary ................................................................................................................ 3 1 Opening of the meeting ................................................................................................ 4 2 Adoption of the agenda ................................................................................................ 4 3 WGITMO Terms of Reference ...................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Catalogue of Type Specimens of Molluscs in the Collection of the Manchester Museum, the University of Manchester, UK
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 4: 1-46Type (2008) molluscs in Th e Manchester Museum, Th e University of Manchester, UK 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.4.32 CATALOGUE www.pensoftonline.net/zookeys Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Catalogue of type specimens of molluscs in the collection of The Manchester Museum, The University of Manchester, UK Henry A. McGhie Th e Manchester Museum, Th e University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK Corresponding author: Henry A. McGhie ([email protected]) Academic editor: Eike Neubert | Received 26 September 2008 | Accepted 11 December 2008 | Published 17 December 2008 Citation: McGhie HA (2008) Catalogue of type specimens of molluscs in the collection of Th e Manchester Museum, Th e University of Manchester, UK. ZooKeys 4: 1-46. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.4.32 Abstract Th is paper presents the fi rst published listing of the holdings of type specimens of mollusc in Th e Man- chester Museum (University of Manchester, UK), the fourth largest mollusc collection in Britain. Type material relating to 480 taxa, including holotypes, paratypes and syntypes, are included in the present cat- alogue, mainly coming from the collections of A Abercrombie (India), RD Darbishire, Prof. AC Haddon (Torres Straits), Rev. J Hadfi eld (Lifu, Loyalty Islands), LJ Shackleford (especially Marginella), GC Spence (especially African land snails and Urocoptis and many specimens from M Connolly and HB Preston), FW Townsend (Persian Gulf), syntype material from the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition (1902-1904) and that received from the Smithsonian Institution in 1973 in exchange. Th ere is undoubtedly more type material within the collection which is not identifi ed as such as yet.
    [Show full text]
  • Contribution to the Malacofauna of the North Coast of Egypt
    Folia Malacol. 25(2): 125–142 https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.025.011 CONTRIBUTION TO THE MALACOFAUNA OF THE NORTH COAST OF EGYPT REHAM FATHEY ALI Department of Zoology and Agricultural Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt (e-mails: [email protected], [email protected]) ABSTRACT: The survey of land snails of the North Coast of Egypt, still insufficiently known and not studied since the 1950s, is presented. The fauna of the region is relatively species-rich. Thirteen land snail species of four families are recorded: Helicidae (Theba pisana (O. F. Müller), Eremina desertorum desertorum (Forskål), E. d. irregularis (Férussac), E. d. zitteli Boettger, Eobania vermiculata (O. F. Müller), Helix pronuba Westerlund et Blanc), Geomitridae (Xeropicta krynickii (Krynicki), Xerocrassa tuberculosa (Conrad), X. tanousi (Westerlund), Xerocrassa sp., Cochlicella acuta (O. F. Müller)), Subulinidae (Rumina saharica Pallary) and Sphincterochilidae (Sphincterochila sp.). This paper is a preliminary review aimed at throwing some light on the malacofauna of the Mediterranean region in the context of the biodiversity studies in Egypt. KEY WORDS: Egypt, Mediterranean Coast, land snails INTRODUCTION Most of Egypt is arid, yet some areas hold a di- Sinai. Since then there was no land snail survey in verse flora thus providing favourable habitats for the area. animals, including molluscs. One of the earliest The habitats concerned are open deserts exposed surveys of mollusc fauna in the Delta and Egyptian to great daily fluctuations of temperature. The snails deserts, the area extending from Alexandria to near shelter between rocks and bushes which grow in the the Sudan Border, was done by MARTENS (1865).
    [Show full text]
  • Zoologia Caboverdiana 3 (1): 37-51 ISSN 2074-5737 Available at © 2012 Sociedade Caboverdiana De Zoologia
    Zoologia Caboverdiana 3 (1): 37-51 ISSN 2074-5737 Available at www.scvz.org © 2012 Sociedade Caboverdiana de Zoologia Bibliography of the land and freshwater molluscs of the Cape Verde Islands, with a historical synopsis of malacological exploration in the archipelago and an annotated check-list Klaus Groh1 Keywords: Mollusca, Gastropoda, land snails, Cape Verde Islands, history, bibliography, check-list ABSTRACT A bibliography (including an author index) of the literature on the land and freshwater molluscs of the Cape Verde Islands is presented, encompassing 81 entries, of which 61 are directly related to land and freshwater molluscs, while another 20 deal with marine Pulmonata and/or brackish and saltwater inhabiting Hydrobiidae. A historical synopsis of the exploration of the land and freshwater mollusc fauna of the Cape Verde archipelago is presented. An annotated check-list of the land-bound gastropods of the Cape Verde Islands is also included, differentiating between freshwater, land and marine species and completed by a list of taxa that have been erroneously mentioned for the archipelago due to misidentification or confusion about the location of origin. RESUMO Apresenta-se uma bibliografia sobre moluscos terrestres e de água-doce de Cabo Verde, incluindo um índice de autores. A bibliografia compreende 81 entradas directamente associadas a moluscos terrestres e de água-doce e 21 entradas relacionadas com Pulmonata marinhos e/ou Hydrobiidae de águas salgadas e salobras. Uma sinopse histórica sobre a exploração dos moluscos terrestres e de água-doce no arquipélago de Cabo Verde é igualmente apresentada. Inclui-se ainda um lista anotada de gastrópodes de base terrestre de Cabo Verde, organizada segundo espécies de água-doce, terrestres e marinhas, e completada com uma lista de taxa que foram erroneamente atribuídos a Cabo Verde devido a deficiente identificação ou a malentendidos na localização.
    [Show full text]
  • SHELL CHARACTERS and GENITAL ANATOMY of Atlantica Calathoides and TRANSFER of the GENUS Atlantica from DISCIDAE to GASTRODONTIDAE (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)
    JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY (2013), VOL.41, NO.3 287 SHELL CHARACTERS AND GENITAL ANATOMY OF ATLANTICA CALATHOIDES AND TRANSFER OF THE GENUS ATLANTICA FROM DISCIDAE TO GASTRODONTIDAE (GASTROPODA: Pulmonata) 1, 2 3 3 4 5 5 R.A.D. CAMERON , G.A. HOLYOAK , D.T. HOLYOAK , Y. YANES , M.R. ALONSO & M. IBÁÑEZ 1Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 4TN, UK 2Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK 3Quinta da Cachopa, Barcoila, 6100–014 Cabeçudo, Portugal 4Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA 5Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain Abstract The genus Atlantica from the Madeiran Islands contains two species, A. gueriniana, endemic on Madeira Island and A. calathoides, endemic to the Desertas. They have been regarded as members of the Discidae. The hitherto unknown genital anatomy of A. calathoides is described here from study of specimens collected on Deserta Grande. Comparisons with Janulus bifrons (Gastrodontidae) from the same island show that they have very similar genital systems, from which it is evident that both species belong to the Family Gastrodontidae. The Discidae of the Canary Islands have been placed provi- sionally in Atlantica subgenus Canaridiscus. Since the Madeiran Atlantica species are transferred to the Gastrodontidae, Canaridiscus is raised to generic rank in the Discidae. The “accessory duct” connecting penis and oviduct of Janulus bifrons and Atlantica calathoides (a structure regarded as a unique autapomorphy supporting the monophyly of the Gastrodontidae) is not a duct connection but a transverse bridge.
    [Show full text]