DOCSLIB.ORG

Integrated Coastal Area Management in Lebanon

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME MEDITERRANEAN ACTION PLAN MAP CAMP PROJECT "LEBANON” FINAL INTEGRATED PROJECT DOCUMENT MAP Technical Reports Series No. 160 UNEP/MAP Athens, 2005 Note: The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP/MAP concerning the legal status of any State, Territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of their frontiers or boundaries. This report was prepared under the co-ordination of the UNEP/MAP Priority Actions Programme, Regional Activity Centre (PAP/RAC). This series contains selected reports resulting from the various activities performed within the framework of the components of the Mediterranean Action Plan: Pollution Monitoring and Research Programme (MED POL), Blue Plan (BP), Priority Actions Programme (PAP), Specially Protected Areas (SPA), Regional Marine Pollution Emergency Response Centre for the Mediterranean Sea (REMPEC), Environment Remote Sensing Centre (ERS), and Cleaner Production Centre (CP). © 2005 United Nations Environment Programme/Mediterranean Action Plan (UNEP/MAP) P.O. Box 18019, Athens, Greece ISSN 1011-7148 (Paper) 1810–6218 (Online) This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP/MAP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. This publication cannot be used for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without permission in writing from UNEP/MAP. For bibliographic purposes this volume may be cited as: UNEP/MAP: MAP CAMP Project "Lebanon”: Final Integrated Project Document. MAP Technical Reports Series No. 160, UNEP/MAP, Athens, 2005. The thematic structure of the MAP Technical Series is as follows: • Curbing Pollution • Safeguarding Natural and Cultural Resources • Managing Coastal Areas • Integrating the Environment and Development Table of Contents List of Figures........................................................................................................................... ii List of Photos............................................................................................................................ ii List of Maps..............................................................................................................................iii List of Tables............................................................................................................................iii List of Acronyms....................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. vi Preface....................................................................................................................................vii Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ ix Part I: Final Report 1. The Lebanese Coastline ...................................................................................................1 2. CAMP Lebanon: Development of the Project....................................................................5 3. CAMP Lebanon Objectives ...............................................................................................8 4. CAMP Lebanon Structure .................................................................................................9 5. CAMP Lebanon Thematic Activities ................................................................................11 5.1 Thematic Activity: Integrated Coastal Area Management (ICAM)........................................11 5.2 Thematic Activity: Tourism and Sustainable Development ..................................................15 5.3 Thematic Activity: Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) .................................16 5.4 Thematic Activity: Systemic and Prospective Sustainability Analysis (SPSA).....................16 5.5 Thematic Activity: Data Management...................................................................................17 5.6 Thematic Activity: Public Participation..................................................................................17 5.7 Thematic Activity: Marine Conservation Areas.....................................................................18 6. Capacity Building Initiatives.............................................................................................20 7. Major Benefits of CAMP Lebanon ...................................................................................22 8. Identification of CAMP Lebanon Gaps ............................................................................24 9. Post Project Activities......................................................................................................25 10. Funding Opportunities .....................................................................................................27 11. Conclusions.....................................................................................................................28 Part II: Summary of Thematic and Sub-thematic Reports ICAM Legal Framework: Proposed Law on Integrated Coastal Area Management in Lebanon .................................................................................................................................31 National Strategy for Integrated Coastal Area Management..................................................35 Socio-Economic Analysis of CAMP Area ...............................................................................71 Land-Use Management in CAMP Area ..................................................................................85 Integrated Water Resources Management ..........................................................................111 Environment, Agriculture & Fishery Sector ..........................................................................133 The Fishery Sector in CAMP Municipalities .........................................................................159 Cultural Heritage ..................................................................................................................173 Tourism and Sustainable Development ...............................................................................195 Systemic and Prospective Sustainability Analysis ...............................................................213 Participatory Programme......................................................................................................227 Marine Conservation Areas..................................................................................................235 List of MAP Technical Reports (MTS)...............................................................................241 i List of Figures Figure 1: CAMP Lebanon structure and phasing ...................................................................................10 Figure 2: Global interaction schemes – global orientations ...................................................................83 Figure 3: 3D simulation of top of Damour...............................................................................................85 Figure 4: Distribution of surfaces according to slopes ...........................................................................86 Figure 5: 3D simulation of Sarafand relief..............................................................................................95 Figure 6: Distribution of surfaces according to slopes ...........................................................................95 Figure 7: Encroached land-use type on public maritime domain ...........................................................98 Figure 8: 3D View of Naqoura village.................................................................................................. 105 Figure 9: Hydrographs of the major rivers within the CAMP area (years 2000-2001) ........................ 114 Figure 10: Distribution of wells in the CAMP area by water usage and by type of aquifer tapped ........... 117 Figure 11: Illustration of water supply infrastructure in Damour.......................................................... 119 Figure 12: Illustration of water supply infrastructure in Sarafand........................................................ 122 Figure 13: Illustration of water supply infrastructure in Naqoura......................................................... 125 Figure 14: Representative types of the cultural resources.................................................................. 174 Figure 15: Relative proportions of Damour heritage resources .......................................................... 175 Figure 16: Relative proportions of Sarafand's heritage resources ...................................................... 175 Figure 17: Relative proportions of Naqoura's heritage resources....................................................... 176 Figure 18: Comparative graph of heritage types between municipalities ........................................... 176 Figure 19: General tourism supply in CAMP area............................................................................... 201 Figure 20: Stages of SPSA.................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Mount Lebanon 4 Electoral District: Aley and Chouf

    Mount Lebanon 4 Electoral District: Aley and Chouf

    The 2018 Lebanese Parliamentary Elections: What Do the Numbers Say? Mount Lebanon 4 Electoral Report District: Aley and Chouf Georgia Dagher '&# Aley Chouf Founded in 1989, the Lebanese Center for Policy Studies is a Beirut-based independent, non-partisan think tank whose mission is to produce and advocate policies that improve good governance in fields such as oil and gas, economic development, public finance, and decentralization. This report is published in partnership with HIVOS through the Women Empowered for Leadership (WE4L) programme, funded by the Netherlands Foreign Ministry FLOW fund. Copyright© 2021 The Lebanese Center for Policy Studies Designed by Polypod Executed by Dolly Harouny Sadat Tower, Tenth Floor P.O.B 55-215, Leon Street, Ras Beirut, Lebanon T: + 961 1 79 93 01 F: + 961 1 79 93 02 [email protected] www.lcps-lebanon.org The 2018 Lebanese Parliamentary Elections: What Do the Numbers Say? Mount Lebanon 4 Electoral District: Aley and Chouf Georgia Dagher Georgia Dagher is a researcher at the Lebanese Center for Policy Studies. Her research focuses on parliamentary representation, namely electoral behavior and electoral reform. She has also previously contributed to LCPS’s work on international donors conferences and reform programs. She holds a degree in Politics and Quantitative Methods from the University of Edinburgh. The author would like to thank Sami Atallah, Daniel Garrote Sanchez, John McCabe, and Micheline Tobia for their contribution to this report. 2 LCPS Report Executive Summary The Lebanese parliament agreed to hold parliamentary elections in 2018—nine years after the previous ones. Voters in Aley and Chouf showed strong loyalty toward their sectarian parties and high preferences for candidates of their own sectarian group.
  • Beyond Cement Competition 2019

    Beyond Cement Competition 2019

    1. Introduction 1.1. Overview 1.2. Chekka and the Collar Towns: Understanding the Challenges 1.3. The Competition: Open Call for Alternative Visions ● Competition Guidelines ● Goals of the Competition 2. Three Sites, One Vision 2.1. Ruptures and Continuities: Relations Between the Sites 2.2. Site A: Chekka-Heri Seafront ● Understanding the Site ● Current Problematic ● Stakeholders 2.3. Site B: Badbhoun’s Quarry ● Understanding the Site ● Current Problematic ● Stakeholders 2.4. Site C: Koura’s Agricultural Middle Plain ● Understanding the Site ● Current Problematic ● Stakeholders 3. Competition Requirements and Conditions 3.1. Structure and Jury Deliberation 3.1.1. Competition Organizer and Supporters 3.1.2. Competition Type 3.1.3. Eligibility 3.1.4. Jury Panel 3.1.5. Award 3.1.6. Evaluation Criteria 3.1.7. Timeline 3.2. Submission Requirements 3.2.1. List of Required Deliverables 3.2.2. Further Instructions 3.3. Terms and Conditions 3.3.1. Official Language 3.3.2. Anonymity 3.3.3. Communication 3.3.4. Confidentiality Beyond Cement Competition 2019 3.3.5. Ownership of Entries 3.3.6. Authorship and Originality of Entries 3.3.7. Exhibition, Publication, and Promotion 3.3.8. Submission of Entries Deadlines 3.3.9. Changes to the Competition 3.3.10. Handling of Deliverables 3.3.11. Indemnity Clause Appendices In addition to the appendices referenced in the text above, The following includes other materials that participants are encouraged to go through as they provide important information relevant to the specific sites and the competition as a whole. 1. Maps 1.1 Base maps 1.2 Master plans 1.3 Mapping 1.4 Graphs 2.
  • The Satrap of Western Anatolia and the Greeks

    The Satrap of Western Anatolia and the Greeks

    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2017 The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks Eyal Meyer University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons Recommended Citation Meyer, Eyal, "The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks" (2017). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2473. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2473 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2473 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks Abstract This dissertation explores the extent to which Persian policies in the western satrapies originated from the provincial capitals in the Anatolian periphery rather than from the royal centers in the Persian heartland in the fifth ec ntury BC. I begin by establishing that the Persian administrative apparatus was a product of a grand reform initiated by Darius I, which was aimed at producing a more uniform and centralized administrative infrastructure. In the following chapter I show that the provincial administration was embedded with chancellors, scribes, secretaries and military personnel of royal status and that the satrapies were periodically inspected by the Persian King or his loyal agents, which allowed to central authorities to monitory the provinces. In chapter three I delineate the extent of satrapal authority, responsibility and resources, and conclude that the satraps were supplied with considerable resources which enabled to fulfill the duties of their office. After the power dynamic between the Great Persian King and his provincial governors and the nature of the office of satrap has been analyzed, I begin a diachronic scrutiny of Greco-Persian interactions in the fifth century BC.
  • The Herpetofauna of Lebanon: New Data on Distribution by Souad Hraoui-Bloquet, Riyad A

    The Herpetofauna of Lebanon: New Data on Distribution by Souad Hraoui-Bloquet, Riyad A

    The herpetofauna of Lebanon: new data on distribution by Souad Hraoui-Bloquet, Riyad A. Sadek, Roberto Sindaco, and Alberto Venchi Abstract. This paper reports more tIia11 400 original data on the Lebanese herpetotiuna (covering 5 mphibians and 44 reptiles), deriving liom museum collecllons and recent lield observations. The most interesting data concern: (a) C:vity1ohoi7 ornicto~~holi.~,a species known only from Mt. Hermon, reported for the first time from Mt. Lehanon Range; (b) Lrrcerto,/i.atr.,i, previously con- rldered endemic to the Mount Lebanon Range. also recorded from Antilebanon; (c) the occur- rence of Moci~~r~iperiiIehetii7rr is contir~nedw~th certainty kom two localities in the north. New records are glben Ibr many specles known in Lebanon only on the basis of very few and often old repolts. Kurzfassung. In diescr Arbeit werden iiber 400 un\~eroffcntlicliteDaten zu 5 Amphibien- und 44 Reptilien-Arten des Libanon mitgeteilt, die auf Museumssamn~lungzn und elgenen Feldbeobachtungen basieren. Die Daten umfassen, unter anderem, folgende interessante Feststellungcn: (a) Ci~i.fopotiioiicri~ictopiiolis, eine Art, die bisher nur vom Mt. Hennon bekannt ist. wurde erstmals in1 Gebiet des Mt. Lcbanon gefunden; (h) L~rcevtafi~~~rsr. die bisher als mdemlscll liir das Gcbiet des Mt. Lehanon angesehen \wrde, wurde nun auch im .Antilibanon festgestellt; (c) das sichcre Vorkommen \on Clrrci.oi,iptwr lehe/ii~tr\\id an z\\ci Stellen im &orden Jes Landes bestiitigt. Filr viele Altcn, die 311s dem Libanon nur aufgrund sehr weniger und hautig alter Zitate bekannt sind, \+erden neue Nachweiae ,nelneldet. Key words. Lc\ant, Middle East, roogeography, faun~stics,Amph~bia.
  • Interim Report on Humanitarian Response

    Interim Report on Humanitarian Response

    INTERIM REPORT Humanitarian Response in Lebanon 12 July to 30 August 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 1 2. THE LEBANON CRISIS AND THE HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE ............................................... 1 2.1 NATURE OF THE CRISIS...................................................................................................... 1 2.2 THE INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE DURING THE WAR............................................................. 1 2.3 THE RESPONSE AFTER THE CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES ..................................................... 3 2.4 ORGANISATION OF THE HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE ............................................................. 3 2.5 EARLY RECOVERY ............................................................................................................. 5 2.6 OBSTACLES TO RECOVERY ................................................................................................ 5 3. HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE IN NUMBERS (12 JULY – 30 AUGUST) ................................... 6 3.1 FOOD ................................................................................................................................6 3.2 SHELTER AND NON FOOD ITEMS......................................................................................... 6 3.3 HEALTH............................................................................................................................. 7 3.4 WATER AND
  • MOST VULNERABLE LOCALITIES in LEBANON Coordination March 2015 Lebanon

    MOST VULNERABLE LOCALITIES in LEBANON Coordination March 2015 Lebanon

    Inter-Agency MOST VULNERABLE LOCALITIES IN LEBANON Coordination March 2015 Lebanon Calculation of the Most Vulnerable Localities is based on 251 Most Vulnerable Cadastres the following datasets: 87% Refugees 67% Deprived Lebanese 1 - Multi-Deprivation Index (MDI) The MDI is a composite index, based on deprivation level scoring of households in five critical dimensions: i - Access to Health services; Qleiaat Aakkar Kouachra ii - Income levels; Tall Meaayan Tall Kiri Khirbet Daoud Aakkar iii - Access to Education services; Tall Aabbas El-Gharbi Biret Aakkar Minyara Aakkar El-Aatiqa Halba iv - Access to Water and Sanitation services; Dayret Nahr El-Kabir Chir Hmairine ! v - Housing conditions; Cheikh Taba Machta Hammoud Deir Dalloum Khreibet Ej-Jindi ! Aamayer Qoubber Chamra ! ! MDI is from CAS, UNDP and MoSA Living Conditions and House- ! Mazraat En-Nahriyé Ouadi El-Jamous ! ! ! ! ! hold Budget Survey conducted in 2004. Bebnine ! Akkar Mhammaret ! ! ! ! Zouq Bhannine ! Aandqet ! ! ! Machha 2 - Lebanese population dataset Deir Aammar Minie ! ! Mazareaa Jabal Akroum ! Beddaoui ! ! Tikrit Qbaiyat Aakkar ! Rahbé Mejdlaiya Zgharta ! Lebanese population data is based on CDR 2002 Trablous Ez-Zeitoun berqayel ! Fnaydeq ! Jdeidet El-Qaitaa Hrar ! Michmich Aakkar ! ! Miriata Hermel Mina Jardin ! Qaa Baalbek Trablous jardins Kfar Habou Bakhaaoun ! Zgharta Aassoun ! Ras Masqa ! Izal Sir Ed-Danniyé The refugee population includes all registered Syrian refugees, PRL Qalamoun Deddé Enfé ! and PRS. Syrian refugee data is based on UNHCR registration Miziara
  • Carriage of Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Among

    Carriage of Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Among

    International Journal of Infectious Diseases 45 (2016) 24–31 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Infectious Diseases jou rnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijid Carriage of beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae among nursing home residents in north Lebanon Iman Dandachi, Elie Salem Sokhn, Elie Najem, Eid Azar, Ziad Daoud * Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University of Balamand, PO Box 33, Amioun, Beirut, Lebanon A R T I C L E I N F O S U M M A R Y Article history: Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae can cause severe infections with high Received 15 December 2015 morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Individuals can be fecal carriers of these resistant organisms. Received in revised form 18 January 2016 Data on the extent of MDR Enterobacteriaceae fecal carriage in the community setting in Lebanon are very Accepted 10 February 2016 scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the fecal carriage of MDR Enterobacteriaceae among the Corresponding Editor: Eskild Petersen, elderly residents of two nursing homes located in north Lebanon. Aarhus, Denmark. Methods: Over a period of 4 months, five fecal swab samples were collected from each of 68 elderly persons at regular intervals of 3–4 weeks. Fecal swabs were subcultured on selective media for the Keywords: screening of resistant organisms. The phenotypic detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Carriage (ESBL), AmpC, metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL), and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) Nursing homes production was performed using the beta-lactamase inhibitors ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Resistance phenylboronic acid, and cloxacillin. A temocillin disk was used for OXA-48.
  • Request for an Inspection on the Impacts of the Bisri Dam Project in Lebanon

    Request for an Inspection on the Impacts of the Bisri Dam Project in Lebanon

    June 24th, 2019 To: Executive Secretary, the Inspection Panel 1818 H Street NW, MSN 10 - 1007, Washington, DC 20433, USA REQUEST FOR AN INSPECTION ON THE IMPACTS OF THE BISRI DAM PROJECT IN LEBANON We, the Lebanon Eco Movement (LEM), are a network of 60 environmental NGOs advocating for sustainable development and the protection of the environment in Lebanon. The movement co- founded the Save the Bisri Valley Campaign in collaboration with the affected communities and a group of experts. LEM is also a member in the Arab Watch Coalition. In this request, we represent a group of residents and landowners whose addresses and signatures are enclosed below. We are also attaching a copy of a new petition that gathered more than 30,000 signatures (Annex Z.b). Our network submitted an earlier request for inspection on June 6th, 2018, and the Panel did not recommend investigation. While we acknowledge the Panel’s previous efforts to address our concerns, we believe that the first complaint was not satisfactorily answered. The Recommendation Report given by the Panel focused more on ensuring a checklist of studies is filled rather than evaluating the validity of the studies and, most importantly, the grave social, environmental and economic harms the project poses to Lebanon. Consequently, the Panel accepted inaccurate information and factual discrepancies provided by the Bank Management. Additionally, given the emergence of new evidence and circumstances, we are submitting a new request for inspection. Our concerns have been already conveyed to the relevant authorities and to the World Bank Management in Beirut. However, the concerns were either disregarded, or addressed with neglect and delay.
  • Early Christians in Turkey

    Early Christians in Turkey

    MSMC Ecclesia Series Fr. Felix Just, S.J., Ph.D. http://catholic-resources.org Image Sources / Credits http://www.holylandphotos.org/ Includes most biblical cities and towns http://www.sacred-destinations.com/turkey/ Antioch, Aphrosisias, Ephesus, Konya, Pergamum, Istanbul, etc. See www.BibleStudy.org Early Ecumenical Councils 1. Nicea 325 2. Constantinople I 381 3. Ephesus 431 4. Chalcedon 451 5. Constantinople II 553 6. Constantinople III 680-681 7. Nicea II 787 8. Constantinople IV 869 Seven Churches of Revelation Ephesus Smyrna Pergamos Thyatira Sardis Philadelphia Laodicea MON, MAY 13, DAY 1: AFTERNOON DEPARTURE FROM LAX 3:20 p.m. – Check-in 6:20 p.m. – Turkish Airlines #10 TUES, MAY 14, DAY 2: AFTERNOON ARRIVAL IN ISTANBUL 5:10 p.m. – Arrive in Istanbul Transfer to our hotel; Dinner at our hotel. Istanbul WED, MAY 15, DAY 3: Flight from Istanbul to ANTAKYA: After breakfast we transfer to the Istanbul Airport 10:00 a.m. – Turkish Airlines #2252 11:45 a.m. – Arrival in Antakya WED, MAY 15, Afternoon: VISIT OF ANTAKYA/ANTIOCH & SELEUCIA: Capital of Seleucid-Greek Kingdom (as of 281 B.C.) Here, disciples first called “Christians“ (Acts 11:26) Church leaders include Paul and Barnabas; their missionary journeys begin here (Acts 13:1-4; 15:36). Early local traditions also report extensive activity by St. Peter in Antioch Grotto/Church of St. Peter, on slopes of Mt. Staurion [Roman] Mosaics Museum Seaside Samandag (Seleucia; Acts 13:4). We return to hotel for dinner and relaxing evening. Antioch on the Orontes River Antioch on the Orontes River St.
  • Intermediate Ultrasound Course in Belek Near Antalya, Turkey October

    Intermediate Ultrasound Course in Belek Near Antalya, Turkey October

    T IP FAKÜLTESİ Intermediate Ultrasound Course in Belek near Antalya, Turkey October 24-26, 2016 Programme Venue: Cornelia Diamond Hotel, Belek, Turkey Course fee including course registration, hotel for 3 nights & meals: 950 € Number of participants: 60 Language: English Reserve your participation by email: [email protected] Educational Objectives • Identify the spectrum of musculoskeletal pathology with ultrasound that commonly appears in rheumatological practice • Know physics and application of Doppler sonography for musculoskeletal ultrasound • Ability to perform sonographic-guided articular and periarticular injections. This course has been scientifically endorsed by Scientific organizers Prof. Marina Backhaus Parkklinik Weißensee Dept. Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Schoenstrasse 80, 13086 Berlin, Germany Prof. Wolfgang A. Schmidt Immanuel Krankenhaus Berlin Medical Centre for Rheumatology Berlin-Buch Lindenberger Weg 19, 13125 Berlin, Germany Prof. Ender Terzioglu Akdeniz University Medical School Department of Internal Medicine Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology-Allergy, 07050 Antalya, Turkey Organizing Secretariat Secretary: Prof. Dr. Ender Terzioglu Akdeniz University Medical School Department of Internal Medicine Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology-Allergy, 07050 Antalya, Turkey Email: [email protected] DMR Turizm Kongre / Incentive / Organizasyon Hollanda Cad. 696 Sok. No:22/9-10 06550 Yıldız - Çankaya / ANKARA - TÜRKİYE Tel: +90 312 442 01 50 Mobile: +90 530 409 41 54 Fax: +90 312 442 04 10 Web: www.dmrturizm.com.tr Faculty (All speakers are EULAR teachers): Prof. Marina Backhaus, Germany Prof. Christian Dejaco, Austria Dr. Nevsun Inanc, Turkey Dr. Iustina Janta, Spain Prof. Ingrid Möller, Spain Dr. Esperanza Naredo, Spain Prof. Salih Pay, Turkey Prof. Wolfgang Schmidt, Germany KD Dr. Giorgio Tamborrini, Switzerland Prof.
  • Greater Beirut Water Supply Project (GBWSP) (Litani I Bisri) Contents I

    Greater Beirut Water Supply Project (GBWSP) (Litani I Bisri) Contents I

    Complaint Against Greater Beirut Water Supply Project (GBWSP) (Litani I Bisri) Contents I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 2 II. Analysis of Alternatives.............................................................................................................. 3 A. The Greater Beirut Water Supply Project ................................................................................ 3 B. The Bisri Dam ........................................................................................................................ 4 C. Damour Dam proposed by Fathi Chatila since 1996 ............................................................. 4 D. Damour Dam Proposed By Liban Consult .......................................................................... 5 III. Harms that will result from the GBWSP as it is currently being planned ..................................... 5 A. Caused to Greater Beirut Inhabitants ...................................................................................... 5 i. High Water Tariffs .................................................................................................................... 5 ii. Water Pollution ........................................................................................................................6 B. Depriving Dry Lands from being Irrigated........................................................................... 7 C. Harms Caused to AI- Chouf Ilkleem
  • Mt Lebanon & the Chouf Mountains ﺟﺒﻞ ﻟﺒﻨﺎن وﺟﺒﺎل اﻟﺸﻮف

    Mt Lebanon & the Chouf Mountains ﺟﺒﻞ ﻟﺒﻨﺎن وﺟﺒﺎل اﻟﺸﻮف

    © Lonely Planet 293 Mt Lebanon & the Chouf Mountains ﺟﺒﻞ ﻟﺒﻨﺎن وﺟﺒﺎل اﻟﺸﻮف Mt Lebanon, the traditional stronghold of the Maronites, is the heartland of modern Leba- non, comprising several distinct areas that together stretch out to form a rough oval around Beirut, each home to a host of treasures easily accessible on day trips from the capital. Directly to the east of Beirut, rising up into the mountains, are the Metn and Kesrouane districts. The Metn, closest to Beirut, is home to the relaxed, leafy summer-retreats of Brum- mana and Beit Mery, the latter host to a fabulous world-class winter festival. Further out, mountainous Kesrouane is a lunar landscape in summer and a skier’s paradise, with four resorts to choose from, during the snowy winter months. North from Beirut, the built-up coastal strip hides treasures sandwiched between concrete eyesores, from Jounieh’s dubiously hedonistic ‘super’ nightclubs and gambling pleasures to the beautiful ancient port town of Byblos, from which the modern alphabet is believed to have derived. Inland you’ll find the wild and rugged Adonis Valley and Jebel Tannourine, where the remote Afqa Grotto and Laklouk, yet another of Lebanon’s ski resorts, beckon travellers. To the south, the lush green Chouf Mountains, where springs and streams irrigate the region’s plentiful crops of olives, apples and grapes, are the traditional home of Lebanon’s Druze population. The mountains hold a cluster of delights, including one real and one not-so-real palace – Beiteddine and Moussa respectively – as well as the expansive Chouf THE CHOUF MOUNTAINS Cedar Reserve and Deir al-Qamar, one of the prettiest small towns in Lebanon.