UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME MEDITERRANEAN ACTION PLAN MAP CAMP PROJECT "LEBANON” FINAL INTEGRATED PROJECT DOCUMENT MAP Technical Reports Series No. 160 UNEP/MAP Athens, 2005 Note: The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP/MAP concerning the legal status of any State, Territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of their frontiers or boundaries. This report was prepared under the co-ordination of the UNEP/MAP Priority Actions Programme, Regional Activity Centre (PAP/RAC). This series contains selected reports resulting from the various activities performed within the framework of the components of the Mediterranean Action Plan: Pollution Monitoring and Research Programme (MED POL), Blue Plan (BP), Priority Actions Programme (PAP), Specially Protected Areas (SPA), Regional Marine Pollution Emergency Response Centre for the Mediterranean Sea (REMPEC), Environment Remote Sensing Centre (ERS), and Cleaner Production Centre (CP). © 2005 United Nations Environment Programme/Mediterranean Action Plan (UNEP/MAP) P.O. Box 18019, Athens, Greece ISSN 1011-7148 (Paper) 1810–6218 (Online) This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP/MAP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. This publication cannot be used for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without permission in writing from UNEP/MAP. For bibliographic purposes this volume may be cited as: UNEP/MAP: MAP CAMP Project "Lebanon”: Final Integrated Project Document. MAP Technical Reports Series No. 160, UNEP/MAP, Athens, 2005. The thematic structure of the MAP Technical Series is as follows: • Curbing Pollution • Safeguarding Natural and Cultural Resources • Managing Coastal Areas • Integrating the Environment and Development Table of Contents List of Figures........................................................................................................................... ii List of Photos............................................................................................................................ ii List of Maps..............................................................................................................................iii List of Tables............................................................................................................................iii List of Acronyms....................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. vi Preface....................................................................................................................................vii Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ ix Part I: Final Report 1. The Lebanese Coastline ...................................................................................................1 2. CAMP Lebanon: Development of the Project....................................................................5 3. CAMP Lebanon Objectives ...............................................................................................8 4. CAMP Lebanon Structure .................................................................................................9 5. CAMP Lebanon Thematic Activities ................................................................................11 5.1 Thematic Activity: Integrated Coastal Area Management (ICAM)........................................11 5.2 Thematic Activity: Tourism and Sustainable Development ..................................................15 5.3 Thematic Activity: Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) .................................16 5.4 Thematic Activity: Systemic and Prospective Sustainability Analysis (SPSA).....................16 5.5 Thematic Activity: Data Management...................................................................................17 5.6 Thematic Activity: Public Participation..................................................................................17 5.7 Thematic Activity: Marine Conservation Areas.....................................................................18 6. Capacity Building Initiatives.............................................................................................20 7. Major Benefits of CAMP Lebanon ...................................................................................22 8. Identification of CAMP Lebanon Gaps ............................................................................24 9. Post Project Activities......................................................................................................25 10. Funding Opportunities .....................................................................................................27 11. Conclusions.....................................................................................................................28 Part II: Summary of Thematic and Sub-thematic Reports ICAM Legal Framework: Proposed Law on Integrated Coastal Area Management in Lebanon .................................................................................................................................31 National Strategy for Integrated Coastal Area Management..................................................35 Socio-Economic Analysis of CAMP Area ...............................................................................71 Land-Use Management in CAMP Area ..................................................................................85 Integrated Water Resources Management ..........................................................................111 Environment, Agriculture & Fishery Sector ..........................................................................133 The Fishery Sector in CAMP Municipalities .........................................................................159 Cultural Heritage ..................................................................................................................173 Tourism and Sustainable Development ...............................................................................195 Systemic and Prospective Sustainability Analysis ...............................................................213 Participatory Programme......................................................................................................227 Marine Conservation Areas..................................................................................................235 List of MAP Technical Reports (MTS)...............................................................................241 i List of Figures Figure 1: CAMP Lebanon structure and phasing ...................................................................................10 Figure 2: Global interaction schemes – global orientations ...................................................................83 Figure 3: 3D simulation of top of Damour...............................................................................................85 Figure 4: Distribution of surfaces according to slopes ...........................................................................86 Figure 5: 3D simulation of Sarafand relief..............................................................................................95 Figure 6: Distribution of surfaces according to slopes ...........................................................................95 Figure 7: Encroached land-use type on public maritime domain ...........................................................98 Figure 8: 3D View of Naqoura village.................................................................................................. 105 Figure 9: Hydrographs of the major rivers within the CAMP area (years 2000-2001) ........................ 114 Figure 10: Distribution of wells in the CAMP area by water usage and by type of aquifer tapped ........... 117 Figure 11: Illustration of water supply infrastructure in Damour.......................................................... 119 Figure 12: Illustration of water supply infrastructure in Sarafand........................................................ 122 Figure 13: Illustration of water supply infrastructure in Naqoura......................................................... 125 Figure 14: Representative types of the cultural resources.................................................................. 174 Figure 15: Relative proportions of Damour heritage resources .......................................................... 175 Figure 16: Relative proportions of Sarafand's heritage resources ...................................................... 175 Figure 17: Relative proportions of Naqoura's heritage resources....................................................... 176 Figure 18: Comparative graph of heritage types between municipalities ........................................... 176 Figure 19: General tourism supply in CAMP area............................................................................... 201 Figure 20: Stages of SPSA.................................................................................................................