VOL. 41, No. 11, NOVEMBER, 1960 639

ABOUT OUR CORPORATION MEMBERS

United Aircraft Corporation

As the prime contractor for the 433L weather program, ernization in all areas of weather-information service; Corporation is assisting the United States collection, processing, communication and display. government in the modernization of the country's weather The corporation's Weather System Center, under the system. The corporation is establishing an experimental direction of Richard C. Molloy, is working with a team of weather facility consisting of a data-processing center seven associate companies. The weather system is being linked with eight weather stations along the Atlantic developed under joint sponsorship by the Department of coast. Tests conducted within this facility, together with Defense, the Federal Aviation Agency and the Depart- design studies and the development of forecasting tech- ment of Commerce. The focal point of the system will niques, will comprise United's major efforts in the be the corporation's data-processing center at East Hart- weather modernization program. ford, , where information will be analyzed This is the first endeavor by United Aircraft in the and forecasts prepared largely by machine. The corpora- weather field, but weather is not a subject foreign to the tion presently has a Philco 2000 solid-state computer and company's interests, because the corporation long has been IBM 704's available for use in processing the weather a world leader in aviation. Today, it is one of the largest data. makers of aeronautical products in the United States. United, as the prime contractor, will be assisted by the The purpose of the new 433L Weather Observing and following companies in the indicated fields: Dunlap and Forecasting System is to combine modern techniques into Associates, Inc., Stamford, Conn, (human engineering" a system which would cut the time lapse between observa- and human factors) ; Hermes Electronics, Cambridge, tion and forecast report from the present six hours to less Mass. (data flow and system design) ; Philco Corp., than one hour. This improvement will result from mod- Philadelphia, Pa. (display and presentation) ; Technical

One of the computers at United Aircraft Corporation's Weather System Center in East Hartford, Conn., is this Philco Transac S-2000. The use of electronic data-processing machines will be combined with modern techniques in collection, communication and display in setting up the new 433L weather program for which United is the prime contractor.

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The divisions of United have constantly pioneered in aviation, giving America some of its most reliable avia- tion products. From its beginning, the corporation has placed great emphasis on research and development; ap- proximately one-fifth of its employees work in the cor- poration's engineering departments. The business of the corporation is highly competitive. As the corporation's late chairman, Frederick B. Rentschler, once pointed out, "In aviation, only the best is good." From its inception in 1925, the Pratt & Whitney Air- craft division has devoted its entire energy to power for flight. Its first engine, the 400-hp Wasp, was brought through when the country's military air arms were gen- erally judged as third-rate. That engine and its more powerful successors, matched in turn with refined air- frames from the American aviation industry, took the United States to a position of world leadership in military air power within a decade. Simultaneously, the increased power and remarkable efficiency the engines offered were utilized to launch this country's commercial aviation which is today such a vital part of our national economy. Although the depression decade of 1930 to 1940 was one marked by little national industrial growth, Pratt & Whitney Aircraft expanded steadily and had on hand at the outset of World War II the powerplant designs and the nucleus of management, engineering and production Map of eight weather stations to be connected with the personnel to successfully carry through that conflict. data-processing center at East Hartford for the 433L More than one-half of all the aircraft engines used by weather system. the United States forces in World War II, and a good proportion of those used by the allied air forces, were of Pratt & Whitney Aircraft design. Operations, Inc., Burlington, Mass. (systems analysis and Today, Pratt & Whitney Aircraft jet engines power simulation) ; Tele-Dynamics Division, American Bosch nine out of ten of the swift and Douglas jet trans- Arma Corp., Philadelphia, Pa. (weather observing) ; ports that are shrinking the world with a new dimension Travelers Weather Research Center, Hartford, Conn, of comfort and convenience in air travel. These jet (weather forecasting) ; Western Union Telegraph Com- engines also power the majority of the nation's first-line pany, New York City (communications and data han- interceptors and bombers. The Convair F-106, powered dling). by a Pratt & Whitney Aircraft J-75 engine, holds the The eight stations along the Atlantic Coast which will world speed record of 1525 mph. In developing power for be included in the 433L system network are: Hanscom space flight, the division has produced the nation's first Field, Mass.; Westover Air Force Base, Mass.; New liquid-hydrogen rocket engine, the LR-115. This engine York International Airport; Teterboro Airport, N. J.; will power the Centaur space vehicle and also some upper McGuire Air Force Base, N. J.; Atlantic City, N. J.; National Airport, Washington, D. C.; Oceana Naval Air stages of the huge Saturn rocket. Station, Va. The Hamilton Standard division is best known as the The diversified activities of United Aircraft Corpora- world's largest propeller manufacturer, but it has also tion consist of the design and manufacture of aircraft and established itself as one of the leading manufacturers of rocket engines, aircraft propellers, helicopters, electronic specialized equipment for turbine-powered aircraft and guidance and navigation equipment, flight controls, envi- missiles. From its beginning in 1919, the company de- ronmental systems and ground support equipment, as well veloped the first practicable adjustable, controllable, con- as other products. stant-speed, feathering, and reversible propellers that The corporation has four divisions, Pratt & Whitney helped make air travel and aerial defense faster and more Aircraft, Hamilton Standard, , and comfortably dependable. Today, it produces air-cycle and Norden. Canadian Pratt & Whitney Aircraft Company, freon refrigeration systems, air-conditioning and environ- Limited, is a subsidiary as is United Technology Corpo- mental-control systems; fuel-control and allied fuel-con- ration at Palo Alto, California. Each of the divisions was trol systems; starters, hydraulic pumps, pneumatic valves a pioneer in its field and is older than the corporation and other components. More than 60 of the United itself. In total, United employs about 57,000 persons, States' first-line commercial and military jet aircraft and with most of its production facilities located in Con- missile types use one or more of these equipment products, necticut. while an equal number of turbine or piston-powered mil-

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In production at the Sikorsky Aircraft division of United Aircraft Corporation is the S-61, a new, all-weather helicopter that can carry 25 passengers plus luggage and air mail. The craft, powered by three gas turbine engines, can operate from land, water or almost any surface.

Turbojet engines from the Pratt & Whitney Aircraft division of United Aircraft Corporation power nine out of ten of the new Douglas and Boeing jet transports. This is a J-75, the engine that recently powered a Convair F-106 to a new world speed record of 1525 mph. It is the engine used in intercontinental passenger transports.

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itary and commercial aircraft types are equipped with movers, analogous to such prime ground movers as loco- Hamilton Standard propellers. motives and truck tractors. The Sikorsky Aircraft division built and demonstrated The present Norden division stemmed from the Carl L. in 1939 the first successful helicopter in the United States. Norden Company, later known as Norden Laboratories, Only helicopters of Sikorsky design saw actual service in Incorporated, and most recently as Norden-Ketay Corpo- World War II and during the first part of the Korean ration. For more than 30 yr, this organization has had conflict. Today, piston-powered helicopters made by continuous experience in the development and manufac- Sikorsky are used by all branches of the United States ture of airborne bombing systems. It is perhaps best known as the designer and producer of the famous armed services and in twenty-six foreign countries. Norden bombsight in World War II. Since the war, Sikorsky turbine helicopters are the HSS-2, a twin- Norden has successfully branched out into guidance sys- engined, anti-submarine weapons system for the U. S. tems for missiles, aircraft and ships; automatic flight con- Navy, and the single-engined S-62 and the multi-engined trols for supersonic aircraft and space vehicles; airborne S-61 for commercial passenger service. A prototype crane radar systems, and digital data-handling systems for in- helicopter, the S-60, has been widely tested, and turbine- dustrial automation applications. As a division of United powered crane helicopters with payloads up to 40 tons are Aircraft, Norden has the challenging task of devising in design. These have high promise for cargo carrying lightning-quick perception essential to the exploration and construction work, being visualized as prime aerial of space.

(Continued from ABOUT OUR MEMBERS, page 637) George W. Reynolds of the Meteorology Department, Army Electronic Proving Ground, Fort Huachuca, Ari- Byers of the University of Chicago was elected president zona, was the recipient of the first fellowship granted of the International Association of Meteorology and At- under the Commanding General's Research and Study mospheric Physics, and Dr. W. L. Godson of the Cana- Program, recently established to allow scientists of dian Meteorological Service was elected secretary. Other AEPG to pursue six months of study on special subjects. AMS members taking prominent parts in the geophysical Mr. Reynold's field of study is The Distribution Function conferences were Dr. Lloyd V. Berkner, president of of Monthly and Annual Precipitation Amounts. Associated Universities, Inc., who was head of the United States delegation; Dr. H. E. Landsberg of the Weather Major Abraham L. Ruiz, commander, Detachment 6, Bureau, assistant chief delegate; and Dr. Thomas F. 4th Weather Group, Hanscom Field, Massachusetts^ Malone, AMS president, who was chief delegate for mete- served as assistant commissary officer for the 5th annual National Boy Scout Jamboree at Colorado Springs last orology in his capacity as chairman of the AGU Com- summer. mittee for Meteorology. The next meeting of the IUGG will be in the United States in 1963, probably in the San Arthur Schwalb, formerly employed by Northwest Air- Francisco area. lines, Minneapolis, is now attached to the Meteorological Edward Lazar, aviation forecaster at O'Hare Inter- Satellite Section, Department of Meteorological Research, national Airport, Chicago, won recognition from the U. S. Weather Bureau, Suitland, Maryland. Weather Bureau for his suggestion that a brief station Irwin Spickler is now employed by the State Health history be printed for distribution to visiting groups. Department of Pennsylvania as air pollution meteorol- Many visitors cannot absorb all of the information that ogist. is presented to them on tours and benefit greatly from informative material to read at home. RECENT ARTICLES, BOOKS, AND PAPERS BY AMS MEMBERS Boyd E. Quate of Weather Engineers, Inc., has ac- R. V. Anderson (with G. P. Serbu). Airborne meas- cepted assignment to Puerto Armuelles, Republic of urement of atmospheric conductivity in fifteen-day-old Panama. thermonuclear debris. J. GEOPHYS. RES. 65, 1, 223-226, Roderick S. Quiroz, assistant chief, Data Intelligence Jan. 1960. Division, Air Weather Service Climatic Center, won commendation for civilian meritorious service and a check W. R. Bandeen (with J. Otterman). Temperature for $300 in appreciation for his service in preparing a correction in the rocket-grenade experiment due to the survey of upper-air weather. finite-amplitude-propagation effect. J. GEOPHYS. RES. 65, Prof. Robert O. Reid, physical oceanographer of the 3, 851-856, Mar. 1960. Department of Oceanography and Meteorology, A. and L. V. Berkner. Are space probes worth it? N. Y. M. College of Texas, was awarded a faculty distinguished TIMES MAGAZINE, 28 Aug. 1960. achievement award of $1000. Six such awards are made L. Berkofsky. A numerical model for the prediction of annually by the Association of Former Students to faculty hurricane formation. Geophys. Res. Papers 67, 91 p., members selected by a faculty committee. Prof. Reid AFCRC-TR-60-220, GRD, Bedford, Mass., Mar. 1960. came to the A. and M. staff from Scripps Institution of Oceanography in 1950. (Continued on page 652)

Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/04/21 04:05 PM UTC VOL. 41, No. 11, NOVEMBER, 1960 643 Weather Bureau Recorders

THERMOGRAPH

No. 151A. U. S. Weather Bureau type. The temperature-sensitive ele- ment is a polished, gold-plated, liquid-filled, bourdon tube attached by a series of linkages to a recording pen arm. Range: -35° F. to +110° F. Recording period: daily or weekly; specify one. Charts measure 4 inches vertically for temperature and 11 § inches horizontally for time. Housed in all-metal case with glass panels and mounted on alu- minum base. Weight 8 lbs. $200.00

HYGROTHERMOGRAPH

No. 255. Single recording instru- ment makes a dual record of both temperature and humidity on the same chart. The temperature-sensi- tive element is a highly polished, goldplated, bourdon tube; the hu- midity element is a multiple strand of specially treated, hygroscopic human hairs. Temperature is traced on the upper two-thirds of the five- inch chart; humidity readings oc- cupy the lower third. Range: ap- proximately 5% to 100% relative humidity, and either +10° F. to + 110° F. or -30° F. to +70° F. Recording period: daily or weekly; specify one. Weight 8 lbs. $235.00

SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Instruments I Weather • Astronomy / Teaching Aids P. O. Box 216 194 Nassau Street, Princeton, N. J.

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