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Identify Depth of Peat Using Ultra GPR in Siak Regency, Riau Province

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Identify Depth of Peat Using Ultra GPR in Siak Regency, Riau Province See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331269633 Identify depth of peat using Ultra GPR in Siak Regency, Riau Province Conference Paper · September 2018 DOI: 10.1109/AGERS.2018.8554095 CITATIONS READS 0 116 5 authors, including: Sumirah Said Djoko Nugroho Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi 4 PUBLICATIONS 0 CITATIONS 4 PUBLICATIONS 1 CITATION SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Galih Prasetya Dinanta Western Michigan University 5 PUBLICATIONS 0 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Renewable Energy View project Submarine Exploration View project All content following this page was uploaded by Galih Prasetya Dinanta on 03 September 2019. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Identify depth of peat using Ultra GPR in Siak Regency, Riau Province Sumirah Lena Sumargana Djoko Nugroho PTPSW-BPPT PTPSW-BPPT PTPSW-BPPT Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Galih Prasetya Dinanta Yudi Anantasena PTPSW-BPPT PTPSW-BPPT Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia [email protected] [email protected] Abstract - The Ultra GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) method is one of the electromagnetic geophysical methods designed to detect objects buried in the ground and can be used II. METHODOLOGY to map subsurface conditions without drilling or digging the The method used to identify the depth of the peat is ultra ground. This method uses the principle of wave propagation from transmitter to receiver. The ultra GPR data collection is GPR. Ultra GPR uses the same electromagnetic waves as done on peatland in Siak Regency, Riau Province. The results GPR in general. The ultra GPR system is the same as GPR of the radargram show a clear boundary between the peat and that consists of the transmitter, receiver and control unit. the underlying mineral layer, this is demonstrated by clear and From the detection process with the above system, can be continuous contrast. The ultra GPR method is an effective and obtained a radargram subsurface conditions. This GPR efficient method used to identify thickness of the peat in a system works as follows: broad scale. Keyword – peat, Ultra GPR, GPR, Siak Regency, Riau Province I. INTRODUCTION Peat is formed from the accumulation of remnants of dead and undergoing ancient (chemically, physically, and biologically altered) plants containing at least 12% to 18% organic carbon, at least 50 cm thick. In Indonesia, widespread peat reaches 14.9 million hectares. The most extensive peatland found in 3 island, namely Sumatra, followed by Kalimantan and Papua (Irian Jaya), (Wahyunto 2014). A more precise calculation of the depth of peat can be used for planning the development of a territory, such as plantation and land conversion. Currently geophysical methods are used to determine Figure 1. Ground Penetrating Radar Frequency band the subsurface conditions, both refractive seismic, gravity, (Harry M. Jol, 2009) geoelectric, electromagnetic. With the development of technology, Ultra GPR method can be an option to know the The frequency band model in GPR is generally located at depth of peat with a depth of at least 50 cm. (Ground 1MHz-1GHz corresponding to the polarization threshold of Penetrating Radar) is an electromagnetic geophysical the Maxwell-Wagner equation (Harry M. Jol, 2009), the method designed to detect objects buried in the ground and frequency range as it is known together has deficiencies and can be used to map subsurface conditions without drilling or advantages, if the frequency at GPR is small then the digging the ground. resolution which is generated low but the penetration of the A lot of use of GPR on peatlands, including Pierre-Luc wave becomes high and vice versa, this gives an indication Dallaire and Michelle Garneau (2008), uses ground- that there is autocut / autofilter on the GPR instrument penetrating radar (GPR) to characterize peat stratigraphy and circulating in the market, so automatically frequency above estimate the carbon pool in a boreal peatland, Eastmain and below the center frequency automatically discharged by region, James Bay, Québec, Canada. The purpose of this instrument. Currently the main concern is ultrawideband paper is to present the results of identification of peat depth radar systems which are the result of developing the using the Ultra GPR method. instrument with additional designs on the antenna, which can provide better performance, much of the development has Ultra-GPR is more compact making it easier in the mobility been done for the antenna model ECM (Electronic Counter of location and difficult terrain. Measures) and ECCM (Electronic Counter-Counter The process of retrieving the data by pulling ultra GPR Measures) that exist today and its applications to produce along the track. This is very effective and efficient because it high energy electromagnetic pulse velocity (Harry M. Jol, is able to pass various terrain conditions. 2009). To validate the depth of the ultra GPR then do the Ultra GPR is the most advanced in-world radar system in manual drill data retrieval. with the taking of core data every the world today. Generally GPR weighs 20Kg, while the 50 cm it will be known how the actual depth of peat. Ultra GPR weight is less than 5 Kg, including data logger. Collinear, or in-line antenna systems, employ resistively III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION loaded dipoles housed within a thin flexible hose as antennas. Receiver and transmitter electronics are contained within pods situated along the hose, whilst the radar control unit and recording computer are contained in a backpack (Francke, Jan, 2012) (figure 2). Generally GPR uses fiber optic cable but ultra GPR uses wireless protocol, including Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. In-line, or collinear, the ultra GPR antenna can be used in rough surfaces with faster poses. Ultra GPR in the data acquisition is no longer using a laptop but using a tablet based on android or mobile phone and waterproof. The working principle and data retrieval schemes are similar to Normal GPR, only on Ultra GPR all waveforms of the reflection signal are taken and stacking up to 32000 to 64000 times. As for normal GPR the number of wiggles taken and stacking by instrument is only sequential (segmented) about 32 times. Figure 3. Location of the segment E Figure 2. Scheme of acquisition with Ultra-GPR and instrument to use (Francke, Jan, 2012) There are several things that distinguish ultra-GPR and normal GPR is the first in terms of instrument more portable than ordinary GPR, the second data more clean than ordinary GPR (S / N, High). Besides, this ultra GPR performs rapid stacking, the normal GPR is only up to 256 stacking only, stacking is the summing function of the wiggle which removes the bipolar effect at the same time windows so the data becomes clearer. Normal GPR automatically performs stacking up to order 3, meaning on a scale of hundreds, while ultra-GPR stacking up to order 5 or up to tens of thousands. So in one data signal to noise ratio will be very large and the data of medium reflectance below the surface will be more easily identified. The Ultra-GPR may have the ability to record data beneath the surface better than conventional GPR, but Ultra- GPR does not have a center frequency and if there is a center frequency it is so small that it does not require large antenna size and depth the penetration is relatively deep, besides Figure 4. Trajectory E1_01 (top); E1_02 (center) and E1_03 (below) Segment E; Land cover on this segment is oil palm and weeds. In the above three paths are very clear boundary layer of peat-clay continuously along the track. This is indicated by a very strong and continuous reflector. The drilling result on track E1_01 is drill 3 = 4.3 meters, on Track E1_02 is drill 4 = 4.5 meters and Path E1_03 is drill 5 Figure 7. Ultra GPR acquisition on track D2 = 5,5 meter. The results of Ultra GPR measurements can be seen in Segment D2; there is only 1 measurement path with a Figure 6, seen a continuous peat - clay boundary along the length of about 322 meters; Land cover is palm. track and at x = 190 meters there is a channel. There are two drilling tests that are drill 13 with a depth of 5.45 meters and on drill 14 with a depth of more than 8 meters. Drill test results especially on the drill 14 peat samples began to depth of 6.5 meters is almost liquid so that difficult to be taken example. Segment G04; This segment is located in Sungai Apit Subdistrict with land cover is palm plant, there are two cross-measuring lengths of 100 and 200 meters Figure 5. Location of Segment D2 Bor 13 Bor 14 Figure 6. Ultra GPR of segment D2 Figure 8. Location of Segment G04 [3] Francke, Jan. 2012, A review of selected ground Bor 10 Bor 11 penetrating radar applications to mineral resource evaluations, Elsevier, Jurnal of Applied Geophysics 81, 29-37, Canada [4] Harry M. Jol, 2009, Ground Penetrating Radar Principles 1st ed, Elsevier Science & Technology, Oxford, UK. [5] Hanninen Pauli. 1992, Geological Survey of Finland, Application of ground penetrating radar and radio wave moisture probe techniques to peatland investigation, Vammala, Finland [6] Wahyunto, et.al.; 2014; Indonesian Peatland Map: Bor 10 Method, Certainty and Uses; Conferece: Pengelolaan Berkelanjutan Lahan Gambut Terdegradasi, Jakarta Figure 9. Ultra GPR Results trajectory G04_01 (above) and G04_2 (below) This path is quite difficult to determine the depth of the peat, when viewed on satellite imagery (see figure 8) then this location is surrounded by a large pipe layer around the measurement area.
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