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Biosensors: Recent Advances and Mathematical Challenges Biosensors: Recent advances and mathematical challenges Editors: Johann F. Osma Margarita Stoytcheva Editors: Johann F. Osma, University of Los Andes, Colombia Margarita Stoytcheva, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexico [email protected], [email protected] ISBN: 978-84-941872-0-9 DL: B-6486-2014 DOI: htp://dx.doi.org/10.3926/oms.98 © OmniaScience (Omnia Publisher SL) 2014 Cover design: OmniaScience Cover photo: © Belkin & Co - Fotolia.com Index Prologue................................................................................................................ 9 Introduction......................................................................................................... 11 Section 1. Recent advances in biosensors research and application Chapter 1. Use of functional metalic nanostructure in biosensors Rukan Genc.......................................................................................................... 15 Chapter 2. Bacterial membrane formation monitored with atomic force microscopy and quartz crystal microbalance Nadja Krska, Jose L. Toca-Herrera........................................................................ 41 Chapter 3. Whole cell biosensors César A. Hernández, Johann F. Osma................................................................... 51 Chapter 4. Electrochemical biosensors for the detection of microcystins: recent advances and perspectives Audrey Sassolas, Akhtar Hayat, Jean-Louis Marty............................................... 97 Chapter 5. Phenolic compounds determination in water by enzymatic-based electrochemical biosensors Juan C. González-Rivera, Jorge E. Preciado, Johann F. Osma............................... 111 Chapter 6. Electrochemical detection of dopamine using graphite electrodes modifed with PAMAM G4.0-64OH dendrimers in synthetic cerebrospinal fluids G. Armendariz, J. Manríquez, A. Santamaría, A. Herrera-Gómez, E. Bustos........ 129 Section 2. Mathematical methods for biosensors data analysis and response modeling Chapter 7. Continuous monitoring based on biosensors coupled with artifcial intelligence Rocío B. Domínguez Cruz, Gustavo A. Alonso, Roberto Muñoz, Jean-Louis Marty................................................................................................................... 143 Chapter 8. Modeling a second-generation glucose oxidase biosensor with statistical machine learning methods Livier Rentería-Gutérrez, Lluís A. Belanche-Muñoz, Félix F. González-Navarro, Margarita Stlianova-Stoytcheva........................................................................ 163 Chapter 9. Modeling the influence of pH and temperature on the response of an acetylcholinesterase biosensor using machine learning methods Edwin R. García Curiel, Larysa Burtseva, Margarita Stlianova-Stoytcheva, Félix F. González-Navarro, Ana Sofia Estrella Sato............................................. 185 Section 3. Disturbances modeling in biomedical sensors systems Chapter 10. Digital analysis and treatment for electromagnetic disturbances in biomedical instrumentation Javier Enrique Gonzalez Barajas, Davis Montenegro.......................................... 205 About the editors................................................................................................ 219 Prologue Many researchers and research groups around the globe are dealing with interdisciplinary problems and multdisciplinary groups; but especially those that deal everyday with biosensors have the feeling of not having enough personnel with the sufcient background to cover all topics. With this feeling in our minds, we decided to invite wonderful researchers from diferent parts to design this book, not as a conventonal biosensor’s book, but as an interestng journey in the complex world of biosensors. A close look to some recent and key advances on the topic, but at the same tme tps through novel mathematcal modelling to improve our work, and last but not least, tricks to fool those undesired electrical disturbances that commonly messes our daily work can be found in these pages. Feel free to navigate the book through its chapters, once in your hands you will feel eager to learn more about biosensors. It has been an experience to put all this together; but now, with the book ready, we can say that this trip has being a wonderful adventure. That is why want to thank all the authors for their great contributons, the Editorial and Irene for their constant input, and to you, the reader, for being part of this book. Johann F. Osma Margarita Stoytcheva 9 Introduction The progress of the biotechnology and of the material science, associated with the modern principles of transducton of the chemical informaton initated the development, during the 60th of the XX century, of new analytcal devices called biosensors. According to the IUPAC defniton, “a biosensor is an integrated receptor-transducer device, which is capable of providing selectve quanttatve or semi-quanttatve analytcal informaton using biological recogniton element”. Although of the large expansion of the biosensors dedicated research, some challenges stll remain to fully exploit the biosensors potental. Therefore, this book is intended to provide an overview of the current state of the art and of the emerging trends in the feld of the biosensors. It includes 10 chapters, organized in three sectons. The frst book secton “Recent advances in biosensors development and applicaton” covers issues associated with the use of selected inorganic nanomaterials and their composites in biosensors (Chapter 1), the monitoring of the bacterial membrane formaton and its surface characterizaton applying QCMD and AFM techniques (Chapter 2), and the thermodynamics of the whole cells-substrate interacton (Chapter 3). Chapters 4 and 5 deal with some specifc applicatons of the electrochemical biosensors, namely for cyanotoxins and phenolics pollutants quantfcaton. The electrochemical dopamine determinaton is the subject of Chapter 6. Nevertheless, in this case, a chemically modifed electrode has been used. The second book secton “Mathematcal methods for biosensors data analysis and response modeling” provides informaton related to the applicaton of artfcial neural network as a multvariate calibraton tool for multanalyte determinaton (Chapter 7), and the applicaton of machine learning methods for modeling the response of a glucose oxidase and of an acetylcholinesterase based sensors (Chapters 8 and 9). The third book secton addresses disturbances modeling in biomedical sensors systems, applying various methodologies to simulate the distortons and strategies to mitgate their influence. The book provides signifcant and up-to-date informaton on the diverse aspects of the biosensors related researches. The mult-faceted approach and the mult-authored character of the editon enrich it and make it compelling for a large range of specialists. Johann F. Osma Margarita Stoytcheva 11 Section 1 Recent Advances in Biosensors Research and Application Chapter 1 Use of functonal metalic nanostructures in biosensors Rukan Genc Mersin University, Chemical Engineering Department, Turkey. [email protected] Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/oms.1 38 Referencing this chapter Genc, R. (2014). Use of functonal metalic nanostructures in biosensors. In M. Stoytcheva & J.F. Osma (Eds.). Biosensors: Recent Advances and Mathematcal Challenges. Barcelona, España: OmniaScience, pp. 15-40. 15 R. Genc 1. Introduction Nanotechnology is the scientfc area which includes materials with at least one dimension smaller than 100 nm. Not only the size but also the functonality at nano or macroscale is essental for a material to be considered as nanomaterial. Beyond the vastly increasing applicaton areas, nanostructures are becoming superstars of analytcal chemistry centered research, which are devoted to nanotechnology in order to achieve higher sensitvity, lower the price and detecton limits (Jianrong, Yuqing, Nongyue, Xiaohua & Sijiao, 2004; Merkoçi, 2013). The integraton of nanomaterials into biosensing systems represents one of the hottest topics of the todays research. Science direct search for the keywords “Nanomaterial AND Biosensor” came up with 1380 artcle and 138 reviews in Chemistry, Analytcal Chemistry and Material Science Journals in the last fve years, with a logarithmic increase in report number per year. This increased demand is due to unique propertes possessed by nanoscale materials as a result of their tailorable nanosize and structure which ofer excellent prospects for designing novel sensing systems and enhancing the performance of the biorecogniton element with proved electronic signal transducton (Jianrong et al., 2004; Merkoçi, 2009). The engagement of nanomaterials with sensing devices and/or in building sensor platorms generates novel interfaces that enable optcal or electrochemical detecton of the biomolecule of whim with enhanced sensitvity (Jianrong et al., 2004; Michalet, Pinaud, Bentolila, Tsay, Doose, Li et al., 2005; Putzbach & Ronkainen, 2013). Nanomaterial can enrolled as either efectve optcal (Byun, 2010) (Staleva, Skrabalak, Carey, Kosel, Xia, Hartland et al., 2009), fuorescent (Michalet et al., 2005), and catalytc labels (Saha, Agast, Kim, Li & Rotello, 2012) (Costa, De la Escosura-Muñiz & Merkoçi, 2010) with signal amplifying features to increase the sensor sensitvity. In the meantme, they could be functonal building blocks for functonal, highly catalytc and conductve sensor platorms (Zhang, Carr & Alocilja, 2009). The number of diferent
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