Perspectives on Canada's North Coast Region

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Perspectives on Canada's North Coast Region CHAPTER 5: PERSPECTIVES ON CANADA’S NORTH COAST REGION Lead Authors: James D. Ford (McGill University), Trevor Bell (Memorial University of Newfoundland) and Nicole J. Couture (Natural Resources Canada) Contributing Authors: David E. Atkinson (University of Victoria), Clara Champalle (McGill University), Ashlee Cunsolo Willox (Cape Breton University), Jackie Dawson (University of Ottawa), Marianne Falardeau-Côté (McGill University), Melanie Flynn (McGill University), Sherilee Harper (University of Guelph), Thomas S. James (Natural Resources Canada), Jolène Labbé (McGill University), Thierry Lanz (University of Victoria), Ian Mauro (University of Winnipeg), Erin Myers (Health Canada), Nicholas Ogden (Public Health Agency of Canada), Kathleen Parewick (Memorial University of Newfoundland), Tristan Pearce (University of Sunshine Coast), Boris Radosavljevic (Alfred Wegener Institute), Rudy Riedlsperger (Memorial University of Newfoundland), Jesse Sayles (Arizona State University) and Martin Tremblay (Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada) Recommended Citation: Ford, J.D., Bell, T. and Couture, N.J. (2016): Perspectives on Canada’s North Coast region; in Canada's Marine Coasts in a Changing Climate, (ed.) D.S. Lemmen, F.J. Warren, T.S. James and C.S.L. Mercer Clarke; Government of Canada, Ottawa, ON, p. 153-206. Chapter 5 | PERSPECTIVES ON CANADA’S NORTH COAST REGION 153 TABLE OF CONTENTS KEY FINDINGS 155 3 VULNERABILITY 174 3.1 INFRASTRUCTURE AND 1 INTRODUCTION 156 TRANSPORTATION 174 3.1.1 BUILT ENVIRONMENT 174 2 CANADA’S NORTHERN COAST 156 3.1.2 SEMIPERMANENT TRAILS 177 3.2 HEALTH AND WELL-BEING 178 2.1 COMMUNITIES AND ECONOMY 157 3.3 BUSINESS AND ECONOMY 180 2.2 PHYSICAL SETTING 158 3.4 CULTURE AND EDUCATION 182 2.2.1 CLIMATE 158 3.5 SUBSISTENCE HARVESTING 184 2.2.2 GEOLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY 158 2.2.3 PERMAFROST AND GROUND ICE 161 4 ADAPTATION PLANNING 2.2.4 SEA ICE 162 IN THE NORTH 185 2.2.5 WAVES AND STORM SURGES 162 4.1 EMERGENCE OF ADAPTATION 185 2.3 ECOSYSTEM SERVICES 165 4.2 CURRENT STATUS OF 2.4 CHANGES IN COASTAL ADAPTATION PLANNING 188 CONDITIONS AND PROCESSES 166 4.3 IDENTIFIED RESEARCH GAPS 2.4.1 TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION 166 ON ADAPTATION 190 2.4.2 SEA ICE 167 4.3.1 VULNERABILITY 190 2.4.3 STORM INTENSITY 169 4.3.2 ADAPTATION 190 2.4.4 SEA LEVEL AND EXTREME WATER LEVELS 169 5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 190 2.4.5 PERMAFROST 171 2.5 INDIGENOUS OBSERVATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE 171 6 REFERENCES 191 154 CANADA’S MARINE COASTS in a CHANGING CLIMATE KEY FINDINGS The environment and socio-economic characteristics of the northern coast are unique. Inhabited primarily by Indigenous populations living in small remote communities, Canada’s northern coastline is vast, representing more than 70% of all Canadian coasts. The presence of sea ice is a defining feature of this coast, affecting transportation access, shaping geomorphological processes and providing a platform for culturally valued and economically important harvesting activities. Social, economic and demographic characteristics of northern coastal communities differ considerably from the Canadian average, with resource development and public administration being mainstays of northern economies. The northern coast is a hotspot for global climate change. The region has experienced some of the most rapid climate change anywhere on the globe, and projected future climate changes for the northern coastline will continue to be significant. Impacts on the physical environment include declining sea-ice concentration, earlier ice break-up and later freeze-up, a lengthening of the ice-free open-water season, permafrost warming and thaw, coastal erosion, sea-level rise and changing weather patterns, including wind and waves. Northern coastal communities, ecosystems and economic activities are being affected by climate change impacts. Many communities have a high sensitivity to climate change impacts, as they are situated on low-lying coasts and have infrastructure built on permafrost, economies strongly linked to natural resources and dependence on land-based harvesting activities. Negative impacts of climate change on a variety of sectors have been widely documented across the northern coast. New opportunities associated with a longer ice-free shipping season are also recognized, but increased marine traffic also brings risks. Climate change will exacerbate existing vulnerabilities. Vulnerability differs significantly by region and community and, within communities, as a function of geographic location, nature of climate change impacts and human factors. Capacity to manage climate change is high in some sectors, such as subsis- tence harvesting and health, but is being undermined by long-term societal changes. In other sectors, such as infrastructure, limitations in climate risk-management capacity (e.g., institutional, financial, regula- tory) result in continuing high vulnerabilities. Northern coastal communities and industries are adapting. Adaptation actions are already taking place in the North, with examples of adaptation planning documented across all levels of government. The effectiveness and sufficiency of the existing responses have not been evaluated, although barriers to adaptation, including limited resources, institutional capacity and a lack of ‘usable’ research, have been identified. Publicly available information on how the private sector is approaching adaptation is limited. Opportunities for additional adaptation are diverse. Mainstreaming adaptation into ongoing policy initiatives and priorities to address underlying socio-cultural determinants of vulnerability can help address the risks posed by climate change to harvesting activities, culture and health. Adaptation actions targeted at specific climatic risks are also required, particularly to manage the impacts of climate change on community and industrial infrastructure. Chapter 5 | PERSPECTIVES ON CANADA’S NORTH COAST REGION 155 1 INTRODUCTION Sector-specific studies focused on northern Canada: These studies provide in-depth focus on Canada’s northern coasts are experiencing dramatic specific subsectors in northern regions, characterizing changes in climate. Climate models project that they current understanding of impacts, adaptation and will experience some of the most pronounced climate vulnerability, and identifying future research priorities, changes of any region in the world (see Chapter 2; Anisi- including assessments of health (Furgal and Seguin, mov et al., 2007; Prowse and Furgal, 2009; Larsen et al., 2006) and built infrastructure (Ford et al., 2014c). 2014). Changes in temperature and precipitation trends, These comprehensive reviews provide a broad sea-ice conditions and shifts in seasonality are widely understanding of climate change impacts, vulnerability documented, as are implications for traditional lifestyles, and adaptation in northern Canada. This chapter comple- health, sovereignty, security, resource development and ments and updates these earlier assessments, focusing infrastructure (Furgal and Prowse, 2008; Prowse and Furgal, specifically on coastal areas of Canada’s north and with a 2009; Ford et al., 2012b). strong emphasis on communities and economies. It A rapid increase in research focusing on the biophysical addresses the physical setting and processes that make and human dimensions of climate change on northern coasts communities and environments of the North Coast region has taken place during the last decade, and a number of particularly sensitive to changing climate, emphasising assessments, literature reviews and gap analyses have been sea-ice reduction, permafrost thaw and rising sea level as conducted to examine current understanding. These key drivers of change. Discussion of current and potential reports can be grouped as follows: vulnerabilities of socio-economic sectors reflects the focus Arctic-wide assessments: These reviews focus on of available literature on the built environment (particularly the Arctic as a whole, with information on northern in isolated communities and related to transportation); Canadian coasts contained within specific chapters. subsistence and emerging resource economies; community They include the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment health, well-being and culture; and traditional livelihoods. (Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, 2005), reports from The chapter concludes with reviews of adaptation planning the International Polar Year (Kulkarni et al., 2012), the ‘Polar Regions’ chapter of the Intergovernmental Panel in the North Coast region and knowledge gaps that may on Climate Change assessment reports (Anisimov et al., constrain adaptation actions. Although Canada’s northern 2007; Larsen et al., 2014), the Human Health in the coast is home to diverse cultural heritages, including First Arctic report (AMAP, 2009), the State of the Arctic Nations, Inuit, Métis and non-Indigenous, the North Coast Coast 2010 report (Forbes, 2011), the Arctic Marine chapter has a strong focus on Inuit, again reflecting the Shipping Assessment 2009 Report (Arctic Council, available literature. 2009), the Arctic Human Development Report I (Arctic Human Development Report, 2004) and Arctic Human Development Report II (Larsen et al., 2015), and the Arctic 2 CANADA’S NORTHERN COAST Resilience Interim Report 2013 (Arctic Council, 2013). Canada’s northern coastline is vast, extending more Canada-wide assessments: These reviews focus than 176 000 km from the Yukon in the west to Labrador in on documenting the state of knowledge on climate the east, and
Recommended publications
  • Statutory Report on Wildlife to the Nunavut Legislative Assembly Section 176 of the Wildlife Act
    Statutory Report on Wildlife to the Nunavut Legislative Assembly Section 176 of the Wildlife Act 1.0 Review of Wildlife and Habitat Management Programs for Terrestrial Species in Nunavut…………………………………………………………….1 1.1 Wildlife Act and Wildlife Regulations………………………………………………..2 1.2 Qikiqtaaluk Region……………………………………………………………………2 1.2.1 Qikiqtaaluk Research Initiatives…………………………………………………….2 a. Peary caribou………………………………………………………………………….2 b. High Arctic muskox…………………………………………………………………...3 c. North Baffin caribou…………………………………………………………………..4 1.2.2 Qikiqtaaluk Management Initiatives………………………………………………...5 a. Peary Caribou Management Plan……………………………………………………...5 b. High Arctic Muskox…………………………………………………………………..5 c. South Baffin Management Plan……………………………………………………….6 1.3 Kitikmeot Region……………………………………………………………………...8 1.3.1 Kitikmeot Research Initiatives………………………………………………………9 a. Wolverine and Grizzly bear Hair Snagging………………………………………….. 9 b. Mainland Caribou Projects……………………………………………………………9 c. Boothia Caribou Project……………………………………………………………...10 d. Dolphin and Union Caribou Project……………………............................................10 e. Mainland and Boothia Peninsula Muskoxen………………………………………...11 f. Harvest and Ecological Research Operational System (HEROS)…………………...12 g. Vegetation Mapping……………………………………………………………….....12 1.3.2 Kitikmeot Management Initiatives…………………………………………………12 a. Grizzly Bear Management…………………………………………………………...12 b. Bluenose East Management Plan…………………………………………………….12 c. DU Caribou Management Plan………………………………………………………13 d. Muskox Status
    [Show full text]
  • A Legacy of Excellent Service Passed Down Through Generations
    A LEGACY OF EXCELLENT SERVICE PASSED DOWN THROUGH GENERATIONS October 24, 2019 In early September, the NEAS vessel, MV Qamutik, and its crew arrived off the shores of Kugaaruk, a remote community located south of the Bay of Boothia in the eastern part of Nunavut's Kitikmeot region. This was not a routine call in Nunavut’s annual dry cargo marine resupply operations. No, this day was different for our team. This arrival on the NEAS sailing schedule was special. Members of the NEAS crew on the Qamutik that day included Norman Qavvik and Waylon Annaklik, and this was a homecoming, a celebration of NEAS welcomed Fred Qavvik once again on the MV QAMUTIK during operations family and passing down of values in Kugaaruk. From left to right: Capt. MV Qamutik, Louis-René Longchamps, through the generations. We picked Norman Qavvik, Waylon Annaklik, and Fred Qavvik. up Fred Qavvik, Waylon’s father, who joined the NEAS crew. The family enjoyed lunch on board with the Captain. “It was cheerful to have the Qavvik family visit,” said Capt. Louis-René Longchamps of the MV Qamutik. “Big thanks to the Captain and the chef for the awesome lunch,” said Fred Qavvik. “Our young ones really enjoyed the experience of visiting the ship. It was a special day for everyone.” Norman Qavvik, Fred Qavvik and Waylon Annaklik completed the NEAS marine training program at Nunavut Fisheries and Marine Training Consortium in Iqaluit in 2012, 2015 and 2019 respectively. Norman started as a Deckhand, was promoted and now serves as Wheelsman. He is also part of the Firefighter team on board.
    [Show full text]
  • Exposure of the Inuit Population of Nunavik (Arctic Québec) to Lead
    This article was downloaded by: [University of California Santa Cruz] On: 19 December 2012, At: 22:03 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/vzeh20 Exposure of the Inuit Population of Nunavik (Arctic Québec) to Lead and Mercury Éric Dewailly a b , Pierre Ayotte a b , Suzanne Bruneau a , Germain Lebel a , Patrick Levallois a b & Jean Philippe Weber c a Unité de Recherche en Santé Publique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUQ), Beauport, Québec, Canada b Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada c Centre de Toxicologie du Québec, Institut National de Santé Publique, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada Version of record first published: 05 Apr 2010. To cite this article: Éric Dewailly , Pierre Ayotte , Suzanne Bruneau , Germain Lebel , Patrick Levallois & Jean Philippe Weber (2001): Exposure of the Inuit Population of Nunavik (Arctic Québec) to Lead and Mercury, Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal, 56:4, 350-357 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00039890109604467 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnobotany of the Kiluhikturmiut Inuinnait of Kugluktuk, Nunavut, Canada
    Research Communicaon Ethnobotany of the Kiluhikturmiut Inuinnait of Kugluktuk, Nunavut, Canada Jonathan Duffy Davis1, Sandra Anne Banack2 Author address: 1Fullerton Arboretum, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92831, 2Instute for Ethnomedicine, P.O. Box 3464, Jackson, WY 83001 Received: September 24, 2012 Volume: 3:78‐90 Published: December 29, 2012 © 2012 Society of Ethnobiology Abstract: The disparity in floral diversity between tropical and arcc regions is reflected in a paucity of ethnobotanical research among arcc cultures. The Kiluhikturmiut Inuinnait are an Inuit subpopulaon who inhabit the Kikmeot Region of the Territory of Nunavut in Canada’s Arcc. We conducted an ethnobotanical survey in the Inuinnait hamlet of Kugluktuk to document the tradional uses of plants as food, materials, and medicine. Data were gathered through unstructured interviews, parcipant observaon, purposive sampling, and voucher‐specimen collecon of all plants used. Uses were documented for 23 plant species/types contained in 14 families. Nine species/types were eaten, six species/types were used as materials, and 12 species were used for medicine. Villagers shared common knowledge of plants used for food and materials; however, knowledge of medicinal plants was restricted to a single healer. We argue that specialized knowledge such as the use of medicinal plants is important to document especially when the number individuals using this knowledge is dwindling. Abstract: Pitquhiigut piruqhimayut qauyihaivluk qanuq inuit atuqtauvagait atungauyanik niqiuvluk,
    [Show full text]
  • KITIKMEOT INUIT ASSOCIATION PRESS RELEASE for Immediate
    KITIKMEOT INUIT ASSOCIATION PRESS RELEASE For Immediate Release KITIKMEOT INUIT ASSOCIATION (KIA) CLARIFIES ITS POSITION ON GRAYS BAY ROAD & PORT PROJECT Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, June 4th, 2018 This past week in Nunavut’s Legislative Assembly, statements were made by both the Premier and the Minister of Economic Development & Transportation (ED&T) in response to questions about the Grays Bay Road and Port (GBRP) Project. A number of these statements, recorded in the Nunavut Hansard, are either inaCCurate or need to be clarified to prevent misunderstanding about the events and actions that prompted them. As a consequenCe, KIA President Stanley Anablak has issued the following statement: “As the President of a Regional Inuit Association that represents more than 6,000 Inuit in the Kitikmeot region, I have a responsibility to set the record straight, especially when the record is being depicted in a way that is contrary to the facts and as we have stated these facts to our membership and stakeholders. “The Premier was inaccurate in Characterizing the way by which the Kitikmeot Inuit Association (KIA) took on the role of sole proponent for this project. KIA never requested to be the sole proponent of this project prior to the Government of Nunavut’s abandoning its role as Co-Proponent. Given the GN’s decision and our desire to continue to push the project forward, the only ChoiCe available to KIA was to beCome the sole proponent of the GBRP Project. “Concerning statements about the project’s funding model, it should be noted that KIA on three occasions requested to GN leadership the opportunity to have an intensive and detailed discussion on how the financial structure for the Project is intended to work.
    [Show full text]
  • NUNAVIK Demographic and Socioeconomic Conditions - 2011 - Author Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services
    Health Profile of NUNAVIK Demographic and Socioeconomic Conditions - 2011 - Author Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services With the collaboration of Institut national de santé publique du Québec Under the scientific coordination of Serge Déry, Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services Jérôme Martinez, Institut national de santé publique du Québec Research and writing Karine Garneau, Institut national de santé publique du Québec Hamado Zoungrana, Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services Page Layout Hélène Fillion, Institut national de santé publique du Québec Graphics Point l’Agence Suggested Citation Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services with the collaboration of Institut national de santé publique du Québec (2011). Health Profile of Nunavik 2011 : Demographic and Socioeconomic Conditions, Government of Québec, 32 pages and appendices. This document is available in its entirety in electronic format (PDF) on Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services Web site at: www.rrsss17.gouv.qc.ca and the Institut national de santé publique du Québec Web site at: www.inspq.qc.ca. Reproductions for private study or research purposes are authorized by virture of Article 29 of the Copyright Act. Any other use must be authorized by the Government of Québec, which holds the exclusive intellectual property rights for this document. Authorization may be obtained by submitting a written request to Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services, P.O. Box 900, Kuujjuaq (Québec) J0M 1C0 or by e-mail: [email protected]. Information contained in the document may be cited provided that the source is mentioned.
    [Show full text]
  • Québec Policy on the Arctic: Challenges and Perspectives
    Fall 2015, Issue 1 ISSN 2470-3966 Arctic and International Relations Series Québec Policy on the Arctic: Challenges and Perspectives Canadian Studies Center Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies University of Washington, Seattle Contents PREFACE / PRÉFACE pg. 5 INTRODUCTION pg. 9 Development of a Québec Arctic Policy in Partnership with the Inuit of Nunavik pg. 9 Nadine C. Fabbi and Vincent F. Gallucci PART I: QUÉBEC–NUNAVIK RELATIONS IN DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT pg. 13 Federated States in Circumpolar Affairs: A Northern Dimension to Québec’s International Policy? pg. 14 Joël Plouffe Arctic Québec, Geopolitics, and the Arctic Council pg. 18 Robert Bone Nunavik and the Evolution of Inuit Self-Government in Canada and the Circumpolar North pg. 22 Gary N. Wilson PART II: INUIT POLICY pg. 27 Servir les Nunavimmiuts : des politiques et programmes mieux adaptés à la réalité du Nunavik pg. 28 Thierry Rodon Serving Nunavimmiut: Policies and Programs Adapted to the Reality of Nunavik pg. 32 Thierry Rodon Heading South: Bringing Urban Inuit Migration into Northern Policy Debates pg. 35 Mark K. Watson PART III: SOCIAL AND POLITICAL ISSUES pg. 39 Stewardship and Sustainable Northern Development in the Context of Overlapping Land Claims Agreements in South-East Hudson Bay pg. 40 Joel P. Heath and Lucassie Arragutainaq Inuit Language Policy and Education and the Plan Nord: Situating Inuit Policy for Inuit Futures pg. 46 Donna Patrick Ensuring Country Food Access for a Food Secure Future in Nunavik pg. 50 Elspeth Ready Changing Contexts and Roles of Regional Public Health Knowledge and Surveys in Nunavik pg. 55 Christopher Fletcher Teen Pregnancy in Nunavik: More Nuance, Less Stigma pg.
    [Show full text]
  • Mining, Mineral Exploration and Geoscience Contents
    Overview 2020 Nunavut Mining, Mineral Exploration and Geoscience Contents 3 Land Tenure in Nunavut 30 Base Metals 6 Government of Canada 31 Diamonds 10 Government of Nunavut 3 2 Gold 16 Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated 4 4 Iron 2 0 Canada-Nunavut Geoscience Office 4 6 Inactive projects 2 4 Kitikmeot Region 4 9 Glossary 2 6 Kivalliq Region 50 Guide to Abbreviations 2 8 Qikiqtani Region 51 Index About Nunavut: Mining, Mineral Exploration and by the Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA), the regulatory Geoscience Overview 2020 body which oversees stock market and investment practices, and is intended to ensure that misleading, erroneous, or This publication is a combined effort of four partners: fraudulent information relating to mineral properties is not Crown‑Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada published and promoted to investors on the stock exchanges (CIRNAC), Government of Nunavut (GN), Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated (NTI), and Canada‑Nunavut Geoscience Office overseen by the CSA. Resource estimates reported by mineral (CNGO). The intent is to capture information on exploration and exploration companies that are listed on Canadian stock mining activities in 2020 and to make this information available exchanges must be NI 43‑101 compliant. to the public and industry stakeholders. We thank the many contributors who submitted data and Acknowledgements photos for this edition. Prospectors and mining companies are This publication was written by the Mineral Resources Division welcome to submit information on their programs and photos at CIRNAC’s Nunavut Regional Office (Matthew Senkow, for inclusion in next year’s publication. Feedback and comments Alia Bigio, Samuel de Beer, Yann Bureau, Cedric Mayer, and are always appreciated.
    [Show full text]
  • Compilation of U.S. Tundra Biome Journal and Symposium Publications
    COMPILATION OF U.S • TUNDRA BIOME JOURNAL .Alm SYMPOSIUM PUBLICATIONS* {April 1975) 1. Journal Papers la. Published +Alexander, V., M. Billington and D.M. Schell (1974) The influence of abiotic factors on nitrogen fixation rates in the Barrow, Alaska, arctic tundra. Report Kevo Subarctic Research Station 11, vel. 11, p. 3-11. (+)Alexander, V. and D.M. Schell (1973) Seasonal and spatial variation of nitrogen fixation in the Barrow, Alaska, tundra. Arctic and Alnine Research, vel. 5, no. 2, p. 77-88. (+)Allessio, M.L. and L.L. Tieszen (1974) Effect of leaf age on trans­ location rate and distribution of Cl4 photoassimilate in Dupontia fischeri at Barrow, Alaska. Arctic and Alnine Research, vel. 7, no. 1, p. 3-12. (+)Barsdate, R.J., R.T. Prentki and T. Fenchel (1974) The phosphorus cycle of model ecosystems. Significance for decomposer food chains and effect of bacterial grazers. Oikos, vel. 25, p. 239-251. 0 • (+)Batzli, G.O., N.C. Stenseth and B.M. Fitzgerald (1974) Growth and survi­ val of suckling brown lemmings (Lemmus trimucronatus). Journal of Mammalogy, vel. 55, p. 828-831. (+}Billings,. W.D. (1973) Arctic and alpine vegetations: Similarities, dii'­ ferences and susceptibility to disturbance. Bioscience, vel. 23, p. 697-704. (+)Braun, C.E., R.K. Schmidt, Jr. and G.E. Rogers (1973) Census of Colorado white-tailed ptarmigan with tape-recorded calls. Journal of Wildlife Management, vel. 37, no. 1, p. 90-93. (+)Buechler, D.G. and R.D. Dillon (1974) Phosphorus regeneration studies in freshwater ciliates. Journal of Protozoology, vol. 21, no. 2,· P• 339-343.
    [Show full text]
  • Canada's Arctic Marine Atlas
    Lincoln Sea Hall Basin MARINE ATLAS ARCTIC CANADA’S GREENLAND Ellesmere Island Kane Basin Nares Strait N nd ansen Sou s d Axel n Sve Heiberg rdr a up Island l Ch ann North CANADA’S s el I Pea Water ry Ch a h nnel Massey t Sou Baffin e Amund nd ISR Boundary b Ringnes Bay Ellef Norwegian Coburg Island Grise Fiord a Ringnes Bay Island ARCTIC MARINE z Island EEZ Boundary Prince i Borden ARCTIC l Island Gustaf E Adolf Sea Maclea Jones n Str OCEAN n ait Sound ATLANTIC e Mackenzie Pe Ball nn antyn King Island y S e trait e S u trait it Devon Wel ATLAS Stra OCEAN Q Prince l Island Clyde River Queens in Bylot Patrick Hazen Byam gt Channel o Island Martin n Island Ch tr. Channel an Pond Inlet S Bathurst nel Qikiqtarjuaq liam A Island Eclipse ust Lancaster Sound in Cornwallis Sound Hecla Ch Fitzwil Island and an Griper nel ait Bay r Resolute t Melville Barrow Strait Arctic Bay S et P l Island r i Kel l n e c n e n Somerset Pangnirtung EEZ Boundary a R M'Clure Strait h Island e C g Baffin Island Brodeur y e r r n Peninsula t a P I Cumberland n Peel Sound l e Sound Viscount Stefansson t Melville Island Sound Prince Labrador of Wales Igloolik Prince Sea it Island Charles ra Hadley Bay Banks St s Island le a Island W Hall Beach f Beaufort o M'Clintock Gulf of Iqaluit e c n Frobisher Bay i Channel Resolution r Boothia Boothia Sea P Island Sachs Franklin Peninsula Committee Foxe Harbour Strait Bay Melville Peninsula Basin Kimmirut Taloyoak N UNAT Minto Inlet Victoria SIA VUT Makkovik Ulukhaktok Kugaaruk Foxe Island Hopedale Liverpool Amundsen Victoria King
    [Show full text]
  • COVID-19 GN Update
    COVID-19 GN Update May 21, 2021 Premier’s update: Today we are reporting one new case and 11 recoveries of COVID-19. There are 45 active cases in the territory, 44 in Iqaluit and one in Kinngait. There have been 197 recoveries to date in this outbreak. So far, 16,918 Nunavummiut have received their first dose of the Moderna vaccine, and 13,906 Nunavummiut are now fully vaccinated. This is fantastic news, but we need to keep those numbers climbing. Get vaccinated if you want to protect yourself and those you love. Our government is committed to helping people be able to complete their mandatory isolation and eliminate the spread of COVID-19. I’m pleased to announce that we have introduced a free territory-wide Isolation Hamper Support Program, to provide two weeks of food and essential items to anyone on mandatory isolation. The hampers provide fruits, vegetables, dairy, non-perishable goods, and bread. Country food is also provided when available. Modified isolation hampers are available to accommodate allergies and dietary restrictions, as well as discretionary add-on items. This program started on May 14 in Iqaluit and as of yesterday, 116 hampers have been delivered. The Hamper Support Program is offered to people in isolation when the Department of Health staff do their daily health check-ins. Anyone who consents will be called to place an order. This program is available seven days a week from 9:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. EST and is provided in all official languages. Nunavummiut, I am excited to see the recovery counts the last few days, but I need to remind everyone that this is not the end of COVID in Iqaluit or our territory.
    [Show full text]
  • Changes in Snow, Ice and Permafrost Across Canada
    CHAPTER 5 Changes in Snow, Ice, and Permafrost Across Canada CANADA’S CHANGING CLIMATE REPORT CANADA’S CHANGING CLIMATE REPORT 195 Authors Chris Derksen, Environment and Climate Change Canada David Burgess, Natural Resources Canada Claude Duguay, University of Waterloo Stephen Howell, Environment and Climate Change Canada Lawrence Mudryk, Environment and Climate Change Canada Sharon Smith, Natural Resources Canada Chad Thackeray, University of California at Los Angeles Megan Kirchmeier-Young, Environment and Climate Change Canada Acknowledgements Recommended citation: Derksen, C., Burgess, D., Duguay, C., Howell, S., Mudryk, L., Smith, S., Thackeray, C. and Kirchmeier-Young, M. (2019): Changes in snow, ice, and permafrost across Canada; Chapter 5 in Can- ada’s Changing Climate Report, (ed.) E. Bush and D.S. Lemmen; Govern- ment of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, p.194–260. CANADA’S CHANGING CLIMATE REPORT 196 Chapter Table Of Contents DEFINITIONS CHAPTER KEY MESSAGES (BY SECTION) SUMMARY 5.1: Introduction 5.2: Snow cover 5.2.1: Observed changes in snow cover 5.2.2: Projected changes in snow cover 5.3: Sea ice 5.3.1: Observed changes in sea ice Box 5.1: The influence of human-induced climate change on extreme low Arctic sea ice extent in 2012 5.3.2: Projected changes in sea ice FAQ 5.1: Where will the last sea ice area be in the Arctic? 5.4: Glaciers and ice caps 5.4.1: Observed changes in glaciers and ice caps 5.4.2: Projected changes in glaciers and ice caps 5.5: Lake and river ice 5.5.1: Observed changes in lake and river ice 5.5.2: Projected changes in lake and river ice 5.6: Permafrost 5.6.1: Observed changes in permafrost 5.6.2: Projected changes in permafrost 5.7: Discussion This chapter presents evidence that snow, ice, and permafrost are changing across Canada because of increasing temperatures and changes in precipitation.
    [Show full text]