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Network Os, Client Server Infra., Windows Nt/200 NETWORK OS, CLIENT SERVER INFRA., WINDOWS NT/200 COMPUTER NETWORKS [DATE] RPS GOI Mr. Ashwini Saini NOS, Client server, Windows NT Network Operating System Network Operating System is one of the important types of the operating system. Network Operating System runs on a server and gives the server the capability to manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and other networking functions. The basic purpose of the network operating system is to allow shared file and printer access among multiple computers in a network, typically a local area network (LAN), a private network or to other networks. Some examples of network operating systems include Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Microsoft Windows Server 2008, UNIX, Linux, Mac OS X, Novell NetWare, and BSD. Advantages Centralized servers are highly stable. Security is server managed. Upgradation of new technologies and hardware can be easily integrated into the system. It is possible to remote access to servers from different locations and types of systems. Disadvantages The high cost of buying and running a server. Dependency on a central location for most operations. Regular maintenance and updates are required. Client-Server Architecture Client-Server Architecture is a computing model in which the server hosts, delivers and manages most of the resources and services to be consumed by the client. This type of architecture has one or more client computers connected to a central server over a network or internet connection. This system shares computing resources. Client/server architecture is also known as a networking computing model or client/server network because all the requests and services are delivered over a network. Client-server architecture is an architecture of a computer network in which many clients (remote processors) request and receive service from a centralized server (host computer). Client computers provide an interface to allow a computer user to request services of the server and to display the results the server returns. 1 NOS, Client server, Windows NT Servers wait for requests to arrive from clients and then respond to them. Ideally, a server provides a standardized transparent interface to clients so that clients need not be aware of the specifics of the system (i.e., the hardware and software) that is providing the service. Clients are often situated at workstations or on personal computers, while servers are located elsewhere on the network, usually on more powerful machines. Characteristics of a Client-Server Architecture Client and server machines need a different amount of hardware and software resources. Client and server machines may belong to different vendors. Horizontal scalability (an increase of the client machines) and vertical scalability (migration to a more powerful server or to a multiserver solution) A client or server application interacts directly with a transport layer protocol to establish communication and to send or receive information. The transport protocol then uses lower layer protocols to send or receive individual messages. Thus, a computer needs a complete stack of protocols to run either a client or a server. A single server-class computer can offer multiple services at the same time; a separate server program is needed for each service. Windows NT/2000 Windows NT is a family of operating systems produced by Microsoft, the first version of which was released on July 27, 1993. It is a processor-independent, multiprocessing and multi-user operating system. The first version of Windows NT was Windows NT 3.1 and was produced for workstations and server computers. It was intended to complement consumer versions of Windows that were based on MS- DOS (including Windows 1.0 through Windows 3.1x) "NT" formerly expanded to "New Technology" but no longer carries any specific meaning. Starting with Windows 2000, "NT" was removed from the product name and is only included in the product version 2 NOS, Client server, Windows NT string. NT was the first purely 32-bit version of Windows, whereas its consumer-oriented counterparts, Windows 3.1x and Windows 9x, were 16-bit/32-bit hybrids. It is a multi-architecture operating system. Windows NT introduced its own driver model, the Windows NT driver model, and is incompatible with older driver frameworks. With Windows 2000, the Windows NT driver model was enhanced to become the Windows Driver Model, which was first introduced with Windows 98 but was based on the NT driver model. A main design goal of NT was hardware and software portability. Various versions of NT family operating systems have been released for a variety of processor architectures, initially IA-32, MIPS, and DEC Alpha, with PowerPC, Itanium, x86-64 and ARM supported in later releases. 3 .
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