Wind Energy & Wildlife
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Biodiversity Impacts Associated to Off- Shore Wind Power Projects
Bennun, L., van Bochove, J., Ng, C., Fletcher, C., Wilson, D., Phair, N., Carbone, G. (2021). Mitigating biodiversity impacts associated with solar and wind energy development. Guidelines for project developers. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN and Cambridge, UK: The Mitigating biodiversity impacts Biodiversity Consultancy. associated with solar and wind energy development Guidelines for project developers Biodiversity impacts associated to off- shore wind power IUCN GLOBAL BUSINESS AND BIODIVERSITY PROGRAMME projects The available scientific literature agrees on the key impacts of offshore wind: i) risk of collision mortality; ii) displacement due to disturbance (including noise impacts); iii) barrier effects (also including noise impacts); iv habitat loss; and v) indirect ecosystem-level effects. There is still much to understand on these five key impacts – but it is clear that that they must be considered carefully in all stages of offshore wind farm planning and development. The broad approach to undertaking an impact assessment for onshore wind energy is often equally relevant to offshore wind projects. There is also evidence that in some circumstances the wind farm area. Table 6-1 summarises the offshore wind farms can have positive biodiversity key biodiversity impacts of offshore wind farm impacts (case study 1), including introduction of new development, with selected references. For more habitat, artificial reef effects and a fishery ‘reserve detailed information, read the IUCN Mitigating effect’ where marine fauna tend to aggregate due biodiversity impacts associated with solar and to the exclusion of fishing (Section 7.2.1). However, wind energy development Guidelines for project it should be noted that this may in turn lead to developers. -
The Economic Potential of Three Nuclear-Renewable Hybrid Energy Systems Providing Thermal Energy to Industry
The Economic Potential of Three Nuclear-Renewable Hybrid Energy Systems Providing Thermal Energy to Industry Mark Ruth, Dylan Cutler, Francisco Flores-Espino, Greg Stark, and Thomas Jenkin National Renewable Energy Laboratory The Joint Institute for Strategic Energy Analysis is operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory, the University of Colorado-Boulder, the Colorado School of Mines, the Colorado State University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Stanford University. Technical Report NREL/TP-6A50-66745 December 2016 Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 The Economic Potential of Three Nuclear-Renewable Hybrid Energy Systems Providing Thermal Energy to Industry Mark Ruth, Dylan Cutler, Francisco Flores-Espino, Greg Stark, and Thomas Jenkin National Renewable Energy Laboratory Prepared under Task No. SA15.1008 The Joint Institute for Strategic Energy Analysis is operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory, the University of Colorado-Boulder, the Colorado School of Mines, Colorado State University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Stanford University. JISEA® and all JISEA-based marks are trademarks or registered trademarks of the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. The Joint Institute for Technical Report Strategic Energy Analysis NREL/TP-6A50-66745 15013 Denver West Parkway December 2016 Golden, CO 80401 303-275-3000 • www.jisea.org Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. -
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OUR CLIMATE PROCTECTION PROJECTS All commitments in Germany, Europe and all over the world. Content In the past years, the market for voluntary compensation for greenhouse gases has developed very dynamically. Above all, voluntary market (VER) Climate protection projects 4 11 good reasons for a voluntary 31 projects are being used to compensate CO2 emissions. compensation Energy efficiency Most of the certificates traded on the German market were generated by Climate protection projects 32 The Paradigm Project Healthy Cookstove renewable energy projects. In case of buyers, which are especially compa- 5 Forest protection / Afforestation and Water Treatment nies, they are compensated for their company footprints (CCF), product 33 Toyola Clean Cookstoves footprints (PCF) and travel. The quality of the projects is the most impor- 6 PROJECT TOGO 34 BioLite Homestove Project tant factor when buying a certificate. 8 Deutschland Plus Buyers see in a voluntary compensatory market an insufficient supply 35 AAC blocks manufacturing unit based on energy efficient technology of certificates from less developed countries, from Germany and from 10 Deutschland Plus Alpen Anaerobic digestion and heat generationat Sugar high-quality forest projects. 11 Deutschland Plus Schwarzwald 36 We as natureOffice too, see the greatest added value for climate and Corporation of Uganda 12 Deutschland Plus Rhön human beings in these projects and therefore focus our own projects on the themes: 13 Deutschland Plus Hunsrück Climate protection projects 37 14 Deutschland -
Wind Power Reduces Environmental Impacts of Desalination Plants
10 November 2011 Wind power reduces environmental impacts of desalination plants Desalination plants, powered by wind energy, offer the potential to produce freshwater using a renewable source of energy. A recent study has explored some of the challenges of integrating wind energy with desalination units, and suggests combining wind with other forms of renewable energy, or constructing a system that operates with variable energy input would help overcome problems with wind powered desalination. Water security is becoming an increasingly urgent problem as populations grow and the demand for freshwater increases. One solution is the desalination (desalting) of seawater or brackish water to produce freshwater. However, the process of desalination consumes large amounts of energy. If the energy comes from fossil fuels, environmental pollution will increase. Using renewable sources of energy, such as wind power, is seen as a viable energy alternative. Worldwide, the use of renewable energy in desalination systems is not widespread and less than 1% of the capacities of desalination plants are powered by renewable energy. However, the development of small and medium-scale desalination plants using wind power is increasing. Since the early 1980s, wind-powered desalination plants or prototypes have been in operation, principally in Europe (Spain, France, Germany and the UK), Hawaii and Australia. The study identifies two desalination processes as particularly suitable to being powered by renewable sources: mechanical vapour compression (MVC) (a thermal desalination unit), during which the feed water is heated; and reverse osmosis (RO) (a non-phase change process), where a membrane is used to separate salts from the feed water. -
Vestas to Supply 35 MW of Turbines for Heavy Industry Sites in Belgium
News release from Vestas Northern and Central Europe Hamburg, 30 June 2021 Vestas to supply 35 MW of turbines for heavy industry sites in Belgium Vestas has received a 35 MW order to supply turbines to two projects being developed for corporate heavy industry in Belgium, including providing renewable power for steel production. The two projects are being developed by Storm, a Belgian wind farm developer and owner-operator, and are both located in the industrial harbour of Ghent, Belgium. Storm is developing the 31 MW ArcelorMittal Wind Farm, which will comprise of three V162-6.0 MW EnVentus turbines, two V150-4.2 MW turbines operating at 4.3 MW power mode, and one V150-4.2 MW turbine. The three EnVentus turbines are the first to be installed in Belgium, and will be the largest turbines installed onshore in Belgium. They will be built subsidy-free on the basis of a 20-year corporate PPA with ArcelorMittal. The ArcelorMittal Wind Farm will be powering the ArcelorMittal steel manufacturing plant in Ghent, providing the electricity for steel production. The turbines will also be equipped with Vestas’ Anti-Icing System, enhancing performance by improving power production in cold climate conditions. At a separate project, the 4.2 MW Honda Gent Wind Farm, which is also being developed by Storm, Vestas will deliver one V136-4.2 MW turbine. The power from this project will be used by Honda Motor Europe’s logistics centre in Ghent. Vestas will supply, install, and commission turbines at both sites. At both sites, Vestas will provide service through long-term 20-year Active Output Management 4000 (AOM 4000) service agreements, providing power performance certainty and Vestas’ industry-leading service expertise throughout the lifetime of the projects. -
U.S. Offshore Wind Power Economic Impact Assessment
U.S. Offshore Wind Power Economic Impact Assessment Issue Date | March 2020 Prepared By American Wind Energy Association Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Current Status of U.S. Offshore Wind .......................................................................................................................................................... 2 Lessons from Land-based Wind ...................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Announced Investments in Domestic Infrastructure ............................................................................................................................ 5 Methodology ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Input Assumptions ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Modeling Tool ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ -
Design and Access Statement April 2015 FULBECK AIRFIELD WIND FARM DESIGN and ACCESS STATEMENT
Energiekontor UK Ltd Design and Access Statement April 2015 FULBECK AIRFIELD WIND FARM DESIGN AND ACCESS STATEMENT Contents Section Page 1. Introduction 2 2. Site Selection 3 3. Design Influences 7 4. Design Evolution, Amount, Layout and Scale 9 5. Development Description, Appearance and Design 14 6. Access 16 Figures Page 2.1 Site Location 3 2.2 Landscape character areas 4 2.3 1945 RAF Fulbeck site plan 5 2.4 Site selection criteria 6 4.1 First Iteration 10 4.2 Second Iteration 11 4.3 Third Iteration 12 4.4 Fourth Iteration 13 5.1 First Iteration looking SW from the southern edge of Stragglethorpe 14 5.2 Fourth Iteration looking SW from the southern edge of 14 Stragglethorpe 5.3 First Iteration looking east from Sutton Road south of Rectory Lane 15 5.4 Fourth Iteration looking east from Sutton Road south of Rectory Lane 15 6.1 Details of temporary access for turbine deliveries 16 EnergieKontor UK Ltd 1 May 2015 FULBECK AIRFIELD WIND FARM DESIGN AND ACCESS STATEMENT 1 Introduction The Application 1.8 The Fulbeck Airfield Wind Farm planning application is Context 1.6 The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process also submitted in full and in addition to this Design and Access exploits opportunities for positive design, rather than merely Statement is accompanied by the following documents 1.1 This Design and Access Statement has been prepared by seeking to avoid adverse environmental effects. The Design which should be read together: Energiekontor UK Ltd (“EK”) to accompany a planning and Access Statement is seen as having an important role application for the construction, 25 year operation and in contributing to the design process through the clear Environmental Statement Vol 1; subsequent decommissioning of a wind farm consisting of documentation of design evolution. -
Suzlon Group: Fact Sheet
Suzlon Group: Fact Sheet Suzlon Group Suzlon Group, consisting of Suzlon Energy Limited (SEL) and its global subsidiaries, is India’s largest renewable energy solutions provider with presence in 18 countries across six continents. Suzlon has a strong presence across the entire wind value chain with a comprehensive range of services to build and maintain the projects, which include design, supply, installation, commissioning of the project and dedicated life cycle asset management services. Suzlon Group is a market leader in India with over 11.9 GW of installed capacity and global installation of ~ 17.9 GW spread across 17 countries in Asia, Australia, Europe, Africa and Americas. Suzlon’s Global wind installations help in reducing ~38 million tonnes of CO2 emissions every year. The company has an installed manufacturing capacity of 4,200 MW wind turbine generators spread across three Nacelle units in India and one unit in China (Joint venture). Suzlon boasts of a wide range within its 2.1 MW suite of products with varying rotor blade and tower heights suitable for all wind regimes. o The S111-120m (120 meter hub height), lattice-tubular tower prototype turbine commissioned in Gujarat in March 2016 achieved ~42% plant load factor (PLF). It received Type Certification in June, 2016. o The S111-140m (140 meter hub height), is the tallest lattice-tubular tower in the country. The prototype set up in August 2017 at Kutch, Gujarat, has received its Type Certification. It is expected to deliver 44% plant load factor (PLF) than earlier products on the same site location and wind conditions. -
A New Era for Wind Power in the United States
Chapter 3 Wind Vision: A New Era for Wind Power in the United States 1 Photo from iStock 7943575 1 This page is intentionally left blank 3 Impacts of the Wind Vision Summary Chapter 3 of the Wind Vision identifies and quantifies an array of impacts associated with continued deployment of wind energy. This 3 | Summary Chapter chapter provides a detailed accounting of the methods applied and results from this work. Costs, benefits, and other impacts are assessed for a future scenario that is consistent with economic modeling outcomes detailed in Chapter 1 of the Wind Vision, as well as exist- ing industry construction and manufacturing capacity, and past research. Impacts reported here are intended to facilitate informed discus- sions of the broad-based value of wind energy as part of the nation’s electricity future. The primary tool used to evaluate impacts is the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s (NREL’s) Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) model. ReEDS is a capacity expan- sion model that simulates the construction and operation of generation and transmission capacity to meet electricity demand. In addition to the ReEDS model, other methods are applied to analyze and quantify additional impacts. Modeling analysis is focused on the Wind Vision Study Scenario (referred to as the Study Scenario) and the Baseline Scenario. The Study Scenario is defined as wind penetration, as a share of annual end-use electricity demand, of 10% by 2020, 20% by 2030, and 35% by 2050. In contrast, the Baseline Scenario holds the installed capacity of wind constant at levels observed through year-end 2013. -
Energy Budget of the Biosphere and Civilization: Rethinking Environmental Security of Global Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources
ecological complexity 5 (2008) 281–288 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ecocom Viewpoint Energy budget of the biosphere and civilization: Rethinking environmental security of global renewable and non-renewable resources Anastassia M. Makarieva a,b,*, Victor G. Gorshkov a,b, Bai-Lian Li b,c a Theoretical Physics Division, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 188300 Gatchina, St. Petersburg, Russia b CAU-UCR International Center for Ecology and Sustainability, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA c Ecological Complexity and Modeling Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0124, USA article info abstract Article history: How much and what kind of energy should the civilization consume, if one aims at Received 28 January 2008 preserving global stability of the environment and climate? Here we quantify and compare Received in revised form the major types of energy fluxes in the biosphere and civilization. 30 April 2008 It is shown that the environmental impact of the civilization consists, in terms of energy, Accepted 13 May 2008 of two major components: the power of direct energy consumption (around 15 Â 1012 W, Published on line 3 August 2008 mostly fossil fuel burning) and the primary productivity power of global ecosystems that are disturbed by anthropogenic activities. This second, conventionally unaccounted, power Keywords: component exceeds the first one by at least several times. Solar power It is commonly assumed that the environmental stability can be preserved if one Hydropower manages to switch to ‘‘clean’’, pollution-free energy resources, with no change in, or Wind power even increasing, the total energy consumption rate of the civilization. -
Hydroelectric Power -- What Is It? It=S a Form of Energy … a Renewable Resource
INTRODUCTION Hydroelectric Power -- what is it? It=s a form of energy … a renewable resource. Hydropower provides about 96 percent of the renewable energy in the United States. Other renewable resources include geothermal, wave power, tidal power, wind power, and solar power. Hydroelectric powerplants do not use up resources to create electricity nor do they pollute the air, land, or water, as other powerplants may. Hydroelectric power has played an important part in the development of this Nation's electric power industry. Both small and large hydroelectric power developments were instrumental in the early expansion of the electric power industry. Hydroelectric power comes from flowing water … winter and spring runoff from mountain streams and clear lakes. Water, when it is falling by the force of gravity, can be used to turn turbines and generators that produce electricity. Hydroelectric power is important to our Nation. Growing populations and modern technologies require vast amounts of electricity for creating, building, and expanding. In the 1920's, hydroelectric plants supplied as much as 40 percent of the electric energy produced. Although the amount of energy produced by this means has steadily increased, the amount produced by other types of powerplants has increased at a faster rate and hydroelectric power presently supplies about 10 percent of the electrical generating capacity of the United States. Hydropower is an essential contributor in the national power grid because of its ability to respond quickly to rapidly varying loads or system disturbances, which base load plants with steam systems powered by combustion or nuclear processes cannot accommodate. Reclamation=s 58 powerplants throughout the Western United States produce an average of 42 billion kWh (kilowatt-hours) per year, enough to meet the residential needs of more than 14 million people. -
Wind Power: Energy of the Future It’S Worth Thinking About
Wind power: energy of the future It’s worth thinking about. »Energy appears to me to be the first and unique virtue of man.« Wilhelm von Humboldt 2 3 »With methods from the past, there will be no future.« Dr. Bodo Wilkens Wind power on the increase »Environmental protection is an opportunity and not a burden we have to carry.« Helmut Sihler When will the oil run out? Even if experts cannot agree on an exact date, one thing is certain: the era of fossil fuels is coming to an end. In the long term we depend on renewable sources of energy. This is an irrefutable fact, which has culminated in a growing ecological awareness in industry as well as in politics: whereas renewable sources of energy accounted for 4.2 percent of the total consumption of electricity in 1996, the year 2006 registered a proportion of 12 per- cent. And by 2020 this is to be pushed up to 30 percent. The growth of recent years has largely been due to the use of wind power. The speed of technical development over the past 15 years has brought a 20-fold rise in efficiency and right now wind power is the most economical regenerat- ive form there is to produce electricity. In this respect, Germany leads the world: since 1991 more than 19.460 wind power plants have been installed with a wind power capacity of 22.247 MW*. And there is more still planned for the future: away from the coastline, the offshore plants out at sea will secure future electricity supplies.