DOCSLIB.ORG

Involving Older and Vulnerable Persons in the Design Process of an Enhanced Toilet System

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Involving Older and Vulnerable Persons in the Design Process of an Enhanced Toilet System Late-Breaking Work CHI 2017, May 6–11, 2017, Denver, CO, USA Involving Older and Vulnerable Persons in the Design Process of an Enhanced Toilet System Peter Mayer Paul Panek Abstract HCI Group, Inst. for Design & HCI Group, Inst. for Design & Traditional water toilet systems of sitting style as Assessment of Technology, Assessment of Technology, mostly used in the Western countries do not fit all the TU Wien TU Wien needs some older persons or people with a disability (Vienna Univ. of Technology) (Vienna Univ. of Technology) may have in day to day life. To overcome this, the Favoritenstraße 11/187-2, Favoritenstraße 11/187-2, European Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) project iToilet A 1040, Vienna, Austria A 1040, Vienna, Austria elaborates a concept for an ICT enhanced toilet system [email protected] [email protected] which is able to adapt to individual preferences. The paper describes the involvement of users in the design process and discusses some first findings. Our experiences show that participation of vulnerable users is possible even in the challenging and taboo-related area of toileting. Supportive are a good information policy and a high level of mutual trust among the involved organizations and individuals. The initial findings from participatory design activities are being Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for fed back into the development process of the upcoming personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are first full system prototype which shall enter lab trial not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that stage in 2017 and after a re-design the field trial stage copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other in 2018. uses, contact the Owner/Author. Copyright is held by the owner/author(s). Author Keywords CHI'17 Extended Abstracts, May 06-11, 2017, Denver, CO, USA ACM 978-1-4503-4656-6/17/05. ADL; hygiene; toilet; AAL; smart home. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3027063.3053178 2774 Late-Breaking Work CHI 2017, May 6–11, 2017, Denver, CO, USA ACM Classification Keywords The paper at hand describes the initial involvement of H.5.2 [Information interfaces and presentation (e.g., users in the design process which aims at providing HCI)]: Prototyping; K.4.2 [Computers and society]: useful input for the technical development running in Social Issues - Assistive technologies. parallel. The paper is structured as follows: First the architecture of the iToilet system and the basic Introduction interaction between user and toilet is outlined. Toileting is an important aspect of the activities of daily Secondly the user involvement and the structure for it living (ADL). It is remarkable that despite very varying is laid down and the project structure is described. user needs and technological pervasion of daily life the Thirdly some examples of the first participatory design traditional Western sitting type water toilet has not (PD) work are given and discussed. changed much since its widespread introduction in the late 19th century [2]. Research indicates that there is a Overview on the iToilet Architecture Figure 1: Height and tilt high need for more adaptable and configurable The following hardware modules [6] are foreseen for adjustable base module intended bathroom and toilet versions in order to make it easier the upcoming prototype system: to be put on top of existing toilet or at least feasible to use the toilet for as many persons bowl. Drawing: Santis Kft. in our society as possible [1], [3], [4]. The current de- . A motorized height and tilt adjustable toilet from facto situation of “one size fits all” needs to be manufacturer Santis Kft, Hungary, forms the overcome in a more effective way than by the optional mechanical base (see Figure 1 and Figure 2). Two provision of a fixed height adaptation, the only current separate motors can change height and tilt of the answer to needs. This endeavor is one of the objectives seat. Sensors for measuring the actual position of of the iToilet project [5]. iToilet aims at developing a the toilet and the passive or active load (e.g. by a flexible set of Information and Communication person sitting on the toilet or standing up from the Technology (ICT) enhanced toilet modules, e.g. speech toilet) are integrated. control, self-adaptation and emergency recognition. A control unit connects the different (partly optional) This envisaged set of modules can be tailored according modules of the toilet system and runs the inferences to individual needs, wishes and preferences of the software unit, the dialogue manager and the network users. In this way well-tailored ICT may help to coordination of the different modules. overcome barriers and to empower older and disabled . Sensors in the environment measure activities (e.g. persons to fully participate in the society. The project person presence, persons entering the toilet room). starts with elicitation of user needs [7], then undertakes participatory design (PD) activities involving . A Kinect type sensor aims at recognizing falls Figure 2: Illustration of the older persons and persons with functional limitations (manufacturer: CogVis GmbH). envisaged itoilet base module in a and their carers, then it builds iterative prototypes and . An Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) module with near to life toilet room. evaluates them in the field at two tests sites in Hungary microphone in the far field (without the need to be and in Austria. worn by the user) allows to use speech control as alternative to the tactile commands. 2775 Late-Breaking Work CHI 2017, May 6–11, 2017, Denver, CO, USA . Buttons (tactile commands) for controlling the toilet (e.g. from wheelchair to toilet or from walker to are available on a remote control connected to the toilet seat). system via cable and as buttons integrated in the . After having used the toilet the automatic flushing grip bars. can be triggered via button press or voice command. RFID reader at the entrance for user identification. Optional a bidet (shower WC) module may be Allows to automatically recall individual user available for personal hygiene. This also can be preferences (e.g. height, tilt, language) and to move controlled via voice or via tactile input. the toilet into the preferred position already when . Despite the various possibilities to pre-select and the user is entering the toilet room. adapt the toilet position in any stage, the system can . Interface to care documentation systems, useful for also dynamically support sitting down or standing up storing preferences and for visualization usage data. by automatic changes of height and tilt. This interface also is used for connecting mobile . During the toilet use the dialogue system can provide graphical devices (e.g. smart phones) to the system. feedback to the user, give instructions or ask for . The output is given by synthetic speech, sound or confirmation. graphical devices like smart phones. User Involvement – Some Challenges Typical User Interaction Scenario Users already have participated heavily in the A typical interaction [6] between an elderly person and requirement gathering phase of the project the envisaged iToilet system could be as follows: (corresponding findings are documented in [7]). The technical development and design of a first working . The user enters the toilet room. The RFID module prototype system mature enough for lab trials should reads the preferences and the toilet system also benefit from early and ongoing user involvement. automatically moves to the preferred setting (e.g. This was planned as an ambitious transdisciplinary height and tilt for sitting down) of the specific user. approach together with different user classes (older . While approaching the system may greet the user persons, care persons, nursing experts, etc.) aiming at and inform about its current status (if wished by the defining certain parts of the future system where (a) user). Before transferring to the toilet the user may very early samples for hand-on testing could be use physical buttons (on remote control or integrated provided and where (b) a need for early user feedback in the grip bars) or may use the speech input for could be expected. further adjusting the toilet. The same is possible after the transfer to the toilet seat has been done in From experience with similar projects [4] the order to move to a position which is convenient for importance of providing early demonstrators to make the user for sitting. This depends on various factors, the technological solutions catchable for users in order among others the preferred sitting height of the user to get rich input was already known. (influenced by popliteal height), the type of transfer 2776 Late-Breaking Work CHI 2017, May 6–11, 2017, Denver, CO, USA In discussions between technical partners and user Initial Findings from Participatory Design representatives the following topics were identified as a Sessions starting point: Toilet paper dispenser, speech control, Theme A: Paper Holder & Dispenser various mechanical buttons and remote controls and The participants consistently reported that paper grip bars. dispensers in usual toilets most often are mounted in inappropriate positions, are partly occupying space Focus groups and open discussions groups were chosen which would be needed for other purpose (e.g. transfer as appropriate methods and the clients (also called to toilet) or cannot be reached easily when needed. “guests”) of a day care centre were invited to Additionally, the task of taking of the paper from the participate in meetings lasting approx. 1 hour. Number dispenser poses difficulties, e.g. in case of functional of participants in the group sessions varied between 5 limitations of arm/hand and even more in case of and 8 persons.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mcsporran, Cathy (2007) Letting the Winter In: Myth Revision and the Winter Solstice in Fantasy Fiction
    McSporran, Cathy (2007) Letting the winter in: myth revision and the winter solstice in fantasy fiction. PhD thesis http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5812/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] Letting the Winter In: Myth Revision and the Winter Solstice in Fantasy Fiction Cathy McSporran Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of English Literature, University of Glasgow Submitted October 2007 @ Cathy McSporran 2007 Abstract Letting the Winter In: Myth-Revision and the Winter Solstice in Fantasy Fiction This is a Creative Writing thesis, which incorporates both critical writing and my own novel, Cold City. The thesis explores 'myth-revision' in selected works of Fantasy fiction. Myth- revision is defined as the retelling of traditional legends, folk-tales and other familiar stories in such as way as to change the story's implied ideology. (For example, Angela Carter's 'The Company of Wolves' revises 'Red Riding Hood' into a feminist tale of female sexuality and empowerment.) Myth-revision, the thesis argues, has become a significant trend in Fantasy fiction in the last three decades, and is notable in the works of Terry Pratchett, Neil Gaiman and Philip Pullman.
    [Show full text]
  • Hawaii State Model Plumbing Code Investigative Committee Proposed Amendments to the 2018 Uniform Plumbing Code
    V 1.6 (as of 4/21/2020 SCBO) Hawaii State Model Plumbing Code Investigative Committee Proposed Amendments to the 2018 Uniform Plumbing Code State Building Code Council Hawaii State Plumbing Code Effective Date: . Purpose. The purpose of this chapter is to adopt the state plumbing code as required by Section 107-25, Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS). Scope. This chapter sets forth minimum requirements for the design, installation, alteration, repair, and construction of plumbing and drainage systems, and shall apply to all new construction, relocation, alteration, repair or reconstruction. Definitions. In this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires: “Chapter” means chapter of this HAR Chapter 3-183. “IAPMO” means the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials. “UPC” means the Uniform Plumbing Code as published by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials. “Section” means a section of a chapter of the Uniform Plumbing Code. Adoption of the Uniform Plumbing Code. The “Uniform Plumbing Code, 2018 Edition” including appendices A, B, C, [D, E, F,] G, [H] I, J, K, L, and M, as copyrighted and published by International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials, 5001 East Philadelphia Street, Ontario, CA 91761-2816 is incorporated by reference and made a part of this chapter. This incorporation by reference includes all parts of the Uniform Plumbing Code subject to the amendments hereinafter set forth. The systems or methods outlined in the appendices are permitted only if they are adopted as part of the code. If adopted, these systems or methods may be used, but are not required. Justification: Deleted the following appendices which are covered either by other State model codes or Hawaii Administrative Rules.
    [Show full text]
  • Installation Guides
    Installation guides Fig 1 A: Water feed pipe to toilet flush tank B: 15 mm compression Tee with Female Iron, (part NoTEE0580) C: Water Isolating Valve, (part No VAL0800) D: Bidet Shower Head, (part of BRA2980 Bidet shower set) E: Double lock stainless steel shower hose, (part of BRA2980) F: Wall bracket for holding shower head, (part of BRA2980) To install this configuration you will require the following:- • Any one of our Shower kits • TEE0580 compression tee with ½” BSP female iron • VAL0800 ¼ turn ceramic valve Fig 2 A: Water feed pipe to toilet flush tank B: DIY Self piercing valve, (part No VAL0900) C: Wall bracket for holding shower head, (part of BRA2980) D: Bidet Shower Head, (part of BRA2980) E: Double lock stainless steel shower hose, (part of BRA2980) To install this configuration you will require the following:- • Any Shower kit • VAL0900 Self piercing valve There is a written step by step guide on how to fit the VAL0900 self piercing valve and shower below this image. Step by StepInstallation Guides 1. Please view photo guides Fig 1 and Fig 2 further down this page in conjunction with this written guide. 2. Isolate water to flush tank and mark position on water feed pipe (A) where you wish to fit the 15 mm compression Tee with Female Iron (B). 3. Cut water pipe (A) with pipe cutter and remove a 20mm section to allow fitting of the 15 mm compression Tee with Female Iron (B). 4. Fit 15 mm compression Tee with Female Iron (B)and tight olive nuts on water feed pipe 5.
    [Show full text]
  • The Standard Elements for Muslim- Friendly Accommodation Premises
    The Standard Elements for Muslim-Friendly Accommodation Premises | 121 The Standard Elements for Muslim- Friendly Accommodation Premises Siti Syahirah Saffinee1, Khairusy Syakirin Has-Yun Hashim2, Lukman Hakim Mahamod3, Mohd Aizat Jamaludin4, Betania Kartika Muflih5, Rashidi Othman6* 1,2,3,4,5,6International Institute for Halal Research & Training (INHART), Kulliyyah of Architecture & Environmental Design (KAED), International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur *Corresponding Author [email protected] ABSTRACT Muslim-friendly hotels are targeted to provide shariah- complaint and comfortable rooms especially for the Muslim guests. This is in line with the encouragement of good hospitality in Islam. However, even though there are nearly 3000 hotels in Malaysia, only less than 10% are considered as Muslim friendly. Therefore, this study investigates the elements that constitute a Muslim-friendly hotel. Based on the discovered elements, this study proposes a standard and comprehensive Muslim-friendly hotel audit checklist which is significant as a guidance for players of the industry as well as the relevant authorities such as the government, municipals, religious authority including the certification bodies. The checklist is important to avoid the misconspetion among the consumers. Keywords: Tourism Accommodation Premises, Muslim Friendly Hotel, Rating Tool, Shariah Compliant 1. Introduction Tourism in Malaysia is noted as one of the top five contributions to the national economy with the contribution of RM36.9 billion of gross national income in 2009, and it is targeted that the industry would receive 38 million tourists that worth RM168 billion by the year 2020 122 | JCIS | Vol. 3 | Issue 2 2017 (Razalli, Abdullah, & Hassan, 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • Washlet WHERE HYGIENE MEETS COMFORT. OUR TECHNOLOGIES
    WASHLET WHERE HYGIENE MEETS COMFORT. OUR TECHNOLOGIES WASHLET technologies Warm water rinse Individually regulated self-cleaning wand jet system Heated seat Individually regulated temperature Deodoriser Air-cleaning filter Dryer Warm air jet Actilight When combined with UV light, this zirconium coating has antibacterial properties and breaks down waste ewater+ Electrolysed water with an antibacterial and cleansing effect Conserve resources Water-saving Technology that conserves water Hygiene technologies Tornado Flush Highly effective three-jet toilet flush CeFiONtect Special glaze with an extraordinarily smooth ceramic surface for unparalleled hygiene Rimless design Ceramic toilet bowl without a rim Comfort technologies Auto functions Sensor-activated technologies WASHLET WHERE HYGIENE MEETS COMFORT. WASHLETS NEOREST AC 12 NEOREST EW 14 SG 16 GIOVANNONI 18 GL 20 EK 22 FUNCTIONS CLEANING FUNCTIONS 26 HYGIENE FUNCTIONS 30 COMFORT FUNCTIONS 36 TOILET FUNCTIONS 38 ECO FUNCTIONS 40 OVERVIEW OF WASHLET FUNCTIONS 42 OVERVIEW OF TECHNICAL DATA 44 PLANNING DATA 46 WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW 48 2 / 3 TOTO 33 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE. FOR HYGIENE AND COMFORT SOPHISTICATED TECHNOLOGY MORE THAN JUST A SHOWER TOILET OUR PRINCIPLE TOTO has been producing WASHLETs Bathing culture has always played longer than any other company, a major role in Japanese tradition, CLEAN selling 33 million around the world so which is why this nation has such high far. The WASHLET quickly gained standards for hygiene and comfort TECHnoLogy popularity after being introduced in in the bathroom. the 1980s. Today, WASHLETs are found SincE 1917 in 65% of Japanese households. As the market leader in Japan, TOTO constantly works to improve This legacy gives our customers the its products – and has succeeded confidence that TOTO WASHLETs tremendously with the WASHLET.
    [Show full text]
  • Int. No. 1481-A
    Int. No. 1481-A By Council Members Cornegy, Grodenchik and Louis (by request of the Mayor) A Local Law to amend the administrative code of the city of New York and the New York city plumbing code in relation to bringing such code up to date with the 2015 edition of the international plumbing code with differences that reflect the unique character of the city and repealing chapter 11 and appendices C, F, and G of the New York city plumbing code in relation thereto. Be it enacted by the Council as follows: Section 1. Legislative intent. This local law implements section 28-601.1 of the administrative code, which requires triennial updates of the New York city plumbing code to reflect changes in the International Plumbing Code. These amendments will bring the New York city plumbing code up to date with the 2015 International Plumbing Code published by the International Code Council, with differences to accommodate the unique nature of construction in the city. The local law is divided into parts from A through P with each part comprising amendments to a separate chapter or appendix of the code in separately numbered sections within the part. §2. Section 28-601.2 of the administrative code of the city of New York, as amended by local law number 141 for the year 2013, is amended to read as follows: §28-601.2 Enactment of the New York city plumbing code. The New York city plumbing code based on the 2003 edition of the International Plumbing Code published by the International Code Council, with changes that reflect the unique character of the city and amendments that bring it up to date with the [2009]2015 edition of such International Plumbing Code, is hereby adopted to read as follows: PART A CHAPTER 1 §1.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing Occupational Exposure to Surface Contaminants in Kuwaiti Educational Buildings
    Frontiers Research of Architecture and Engineering | Volume 02 | Issue 03 | July 2019 Frontiers Research of Architecture and Engineering https://ojs.bilpublishing.com/index.php/frae ARTICLE Assessing Occupational Exposure to Surface Contaminants in Kuwaiti Educational Buildings Abdul-Salam Al-Temeemi1* Jamal Al-Hubail1 Ahmad Al-Khayat2 1. College of Technology, Kuwait 2. Kuwait Institute for Scientic Research, Kuwait ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history The prevalence of surface contaminants, such as potentially harmful bac- Received: 28 June 2019 teria, within building environments in the State of Kuwait is not known. To the authors’ knowledge, this article is the rst of such a report. A total Revised: 8 July 2019 of 342 stool samples were collected from 46 secondary schools to evalu- Accepted: 24 July 2019 ate indoor occurrences of E. coli bacteria within selected lavatory surfac- Published Online: 31 July 2019 es. After microbiological testing, the results for the spread of the E. coli bacteria were categorized by total count, sampling location dependency, Keywords: contamination level comparison between genders, and lavatory xtures (i.e. seat and squat toilets). The results revealed that 7 schools have a Surface bacteria bacterial contamination problem, there is cross-contamination between Occupational health surfaces in the lavatory stalls, the boys’ lavatories were less sanitary than School buildings the girls’, and that the squat-style toilets are more contaminated than the seat-style. The results suggest that there is signicant risk of spread of Built environment bacterial infection among students via contaminated hands and surfaces in Sick building syndrome the lavatory area in some schools. Thus, this study emphasizes the need to improve environmental hygiene and enhanced sanitation in these schools.
    [Show full text]
  • Conceptualizing Mosque Tourism: a Central Feature of Islamic and Religious Tourism
    International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Volume 3 Issue 2 Selection of Papers from International Article 2 Conference 2015 (V1) 2015 Conceptualizing Mosque Tourism: A central feature of Islamic and Religious Tourism. Kristel Kessler Leeds Beckett University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://arrow.tudublin.ie/ijrtp Part of the Tourism and Travel Commons Recommended Citation Kessler, Kristel (2015) "Conceptualizing Mosque Tourism: A central feature of Islamic and Religious Tourism.," International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage: Vol. 3: Iss. 2, Article 2. doi:https://doi.org/10.21427/D7RB0G Available at: https://arrow.tudublin.ie/ijrtp/vol3/iss2/2 Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 License. © International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage ISSN : 2009-7379 Available at: http://arrow.dit.ie/ijrtp/ Volume 3(ii) 2015 Conceptualizing Mosque Tourism: A Central Feature of Islamic and Religious Tourism Kristel Kessler Leeds Beckett University, UK. [email protected] The increasing size of the worldwide Muslim population and the modernization of Arab countries on the international scene reinforce the rising trend of Islamic Tourism. Indeed, Islamic Tourism has gained much interest in recent years and is considered to be a very promising niche in the near future. This fairly new concept can simply be defined as intra-Muslim and intra-Arab tourism and considering Muslim countries are an emerging tourism market, this is a product with significant economic potential. It is also viewed as tourism that respects Islamic religious principles and is consequently referred to as “Halal Tourism”.
    [Show full text]
  • State Amendments and City
    State Amendments and City Corrections Questions 104.4.3 Expiration Every permit issued under the provisions of this code shall expire twelve (12) months from the date of issue, unless the application is accompanied by a construction schedule of specific longer duration, in which instance the permit may be issued for the time period of the construction schedule with approval of the building official. If the work has not been completed, including all required inspections, by the expiration date of the permit, no further work shall be done until the permit has been renewed by the owner, or owner/s agent, and payment of the renewal fee has been received. The building official is authorized to grant one or more extensions of time, for periods of not more than six (6) months prior to the expiration date without payment of the renewal fee. Extensions shall be requested by the owner or owner/s agent and justifiable cause demonstrated. Cedar Falls Permit Website http://www.cedarfalls.com/permit Private or Private Use. Applies to plumbing fixtures in residences and apartments, to private bathrooms in hotels and hospitals, and to restrooms in commercial establishments where the fixtures are intended for the use of a family or an individual. Public or Public Use. Applies to plumbing fixtures that are not defined as private or private use. Hot Water. Water at a temperature exceeding or equal to 120 degrees. UPC Chapter 3 Amendments Section 306.0 Industrial Wastes, • Any industrial or commercial • Inspection manhole • Minimum size of the manhole shall be 36 inches. • An exception to this provision may be made only in the judgment of the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia Menstrual Health Formative Research Report | Splash.Org Ii
    Ethiopia MenstrualEthiopia Health FormativeMenstrual Research Health Formative Research Report Report 20202020 Table of Contents Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................................................. i Acronyms ................................................................................................................................................................................. i Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Findings .................................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Menstruating and pre-menstrual students ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1.2 Parents of menstruating female students .................................................................................................................. 2 1.1.3 Focal teachers .................................................................................................................................................................. 3 1.1.4 School Administration staff ........................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1.5 Janitors ..............................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Malaysian Accommodation Providers' Understanding of Halal Hospitality
    Malaysian Accommodation Providers‘ Understanding of Halal Hospitality A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Marketing in the University of Canterbury by Nor Hidayatun Abdul Razak University of Canterbury 2018 i ABSTRACT This study investigates the understanding of halal hospitality among accommodation providers in Malaysia. Halal means permissible in Arabic and the concept is a cornerstone of Islam and is used to refer to what is permissible to Muslims. The concept of hospitality adopted in this study is that of describing both the material and the technical nature of the hospitality industry services as well as the relationship between host and guest. This study addresses three research questions related to Malaysian accommodation providers‘ understanding of halal hospitality and their utilization of websites to inform the provision of halal hospitality. First, what is Malaysian accommodation providers‘ understanding of the concept of halal hospitality? Second, what are the social, technical, and commercial means by which accommodation providers provide halal hospitality? Third, how do accommodation providers communicate the social, technical and commercial dimensions of halal hospitality on their websites? Using a qualitative approach, the understanding of halal hospitality was investigated through interviews with 18 accommodation providers from four accommodation categories: hotel, budget hotel, resthouse/guesthouse/homestay/hostel and chalet. The results were analysed thematically. A content analysis of the websites of accommodation providers was used to recognize the halal hospitality attributes displayed to acknowledge halal services to customers. The keywords or terms used to identify the halal hospitality attributes displayed were based on the study conducted by Razzaq, Hall and Prayag (2016) for reasons of comparison.
    [Show full text]
  • Deep Thoughts
    Deep Thoughts 1- We are born naked, wet, and hungry, and get slapped on our ass... then things get worse. 2- There are two theories to arguing with women. Neither one works. 3- If at first you don't succeed, skydiving is not for you. 4- There are 3 types of people in this world. Those who can count and those who can't. 5- Think of a number. Multiply it by 3. Now add 5. Take away the number you first thought of. Now add 7. Subtract 2. Add back the number you first thought of. Now, close your eyes. Dark, isn't it? 6- Reasons not to exercise It is well documented that for every minute that you exercise, you add one minute to your life. This enables you at 85 years old to spend an additional 5 months in a nursing home at $5000 per month. My grandmother started walking five miles a day when she was 60. Now she's 97 years old and we don't know where she is. The only reason I would take up exercising is so that I could hear heavy breathing again. I joined a health club last year, spent about 400 bucks. Haven't lost a pound. Apparently you have to show up. I have to exercise early in the morning before my brain figures out what I'm doing. I like long walks, especially when they are taken by people who annoy me. I have flabby thighs, but fortunately my stomach covers them. The advantage of exercising every day is that you die healthier.
    [Show full text]