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Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 4.0 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES This chapter describes the identification of impacts, appraisal of various impacts during construction phase and operational phase. It also describes the action plan for the control of pollution as per CPCB and GSPCB guidelines. 4.1 Identification of Impacts The environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary impacts are those, which are attributed directly to the project and secondary impacts are those, which are indirectly induced and typically include the associated investment and changed pattern of social and economic activities by the proposed action. The construction and operation of the proposed ductile iron pipe manufacturing plant comprises various activities each of which may have an impact on some or other environmental parameters. Various impacts during the construction and operation phase on the environment parameters have been studied to estimate the impact on the environment and are discussed in the subsequent sections. 4.2 Impacts during Construction Phase The proposed project includes activities related to leveling of site, construction and erection of main plant structures and installation of equipment. 4.2.1 Land Use and Soil Quality The land requirement for DI pipe project will be about 20 acres (8.093 ha) within the existing pig iron plant premises. Out of 104 ha of land of existing pig iron plant, 33 ha of land has been already developed as greenbelt. The land use of plant site which is currently a vacant land will be converted to industrial land use category. The soil at the project site predominantly consists of sandy clay. The construction activities will result in loss of topsoil to some extent in the area of proposed plant. About 500 m3 of earth and rocks will be generated during the ground preparation required which will be utilized within the plant premises itself. The top soil requires proper handling like separate stacking so that it can be used for green belt development. Apart from very localized construction impacts at the project site, no significant adverse impact on soil in the surrounding area is anticipated. 4.2.2 Impact on Air Quality During construction phase, particulate matter will be the main pollutant, which would be generated from the site development activities and vehicular movement on the road. Further, concentration of NOx and CO may also slightly increase due to increased vehicular traffic movement. However, the increase in concentrations of air quality will be limited to construction phase only. As most of the construction equipment will be mobile, the emissions are likely to be fugitive. The dust generated will also be fugitive in nature, which can be controlled by sprinkling of water. Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-1 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures The impacts will be localized in nature and the areas outside the project boundary are not likely to have any major adverse impact with respect to ambient air quality. 4.2.3 Impact on Water Quality Impact on water quality during construction phase may be due to sewage generated from the construction work force stationed at the site. Further, the construction activities are more related to mechanical fabrication, assembly and erection, the need of water requirement will be small. The wastewater generation during the construction period will be from the sanitary units provided for the workers. This wastewater will be treated in existing septic tanks and discharged into soak pits. Hence, there will not be any major adverse impact on external water regime due to discharge of sanitary treated wastewater. 4.2.4 Impact on Noise Levels The major sources of noise during the construction phase are vehicular traffic, construction equipment like dozers, scrapers, concrete mixers, cranes, pumps, compressors, pneumatic tools, saws, vibrators etc. The operation of equipments will generate noise ranging between 85-90 dB (A). This noise will be generated within the project boundary and will be transient in nature. 4.2.5 Impact on Terrestrial Ecology The location of the proposed site of DI pipe does not have any vegetation cover. Thus, no adverse impacts are envisaged on ecology. 4.3 Impacts during Operational Phase The proposed project operations may cause environmental pollution and if adequate control measures are not taken to prevent/mitigate the adverse environmental impacts, these operations may cause irreversible damage to the ecosystem. The environmental parameters which are most commonly affected by proposed project activities are: Land use; Soil; Topography and climate; Air quality; Drainage; Water resources and quality; Noise levels; Ecology (terrestrial and aquatic); and Socio-economics. 4.3.1 Impact on Land Use The project is proposed to be built within the existing pig iron plant premises, which is already under industrial land use category. Hence, there will be minimal change in the land use. Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-2 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures No additional impact on land use is envisaged during the operation stage of the project, other than those discussed during the construction stage. It is likely to improve aesthetically with the proposed greenbelt and green cover. 4.3.2 Topography The proposed plant site will be located on a flat area. Minimum leveling is required to be carried out during the construction of the plant. This will not cause any significant topographical changes in the area. 4.3.3 Impact on Soil Quality Impacts on soil are restricted to the construction phase, which are expected to be stabilized during operational phase. Existing green belt for the operational pig iron plant will arrest the fugitive emissions. The proposed greenbelt/greencover will improve the soil quality in the project area. 4.3.4 Solid Waste / Hazardous Waste Management The waste generation details from proposed DI pipe project are given below in Table-4.1. TABLE 4.1 WASTE GENERATION DETAILS Sr. No. Waste Generation Proposed (TPA) Disposal Scheme 1 Iron scrap 25,000 Will be reused in induction furnace 2 Slag 3000 Used for road laying 3 Waste core sand 15000 Construction fill/road bases/ land fill Hazardous Waste 4 Zinc dust 60 Sold to authorized agents 5 Used oil 2000 Sold to authorized agents 6 Magnesium oxide waste 20 Re-used in the plant 4.3.5 Impact on Air Quality The sources of air pollution in the process due to the proposed project have been identified and quantified. Particulate matter, NO2 and SO2 will be the main pollutants emitted from proposed project. The incremental ground level concentrations from the proposed project and cumulative model for existing as well as proposed plant have been estimated by using dispersion modeling. Details of Mathematical Modeling For prediction of maximum ground level concentrations (GLC’s), the air dispersion modeling software (AERMOD version 7.1.0) was used. AERMOD is a steady state advanced gaussian plume model that simulates air quality and deposition fields upto 50 km radius. AERMOD is approved by USEPA and is widely used software. It is an advanced version of industrial source complex (ISCST3) model, utilizes similar input and output structure to ISCST3 sharing many of the same features, as well as offering additional features. The model is applicable to rural and urban areas, flat and complex terrain, surface and elevated releases and multiple sources including point, area, flare, line and volume sources. Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-3 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Dispersion modeling using AERMOD requires hourly meteorological data. Site specific data recorded during pre-monsoon 2016 at project site is used for executing modeling studies. The site specific meteorological data is processed using AERMET processor. Model Set-up The model set-up details are presented in Table-4.2. TABLE-4.2 MODEL SET-UP Sr. No. Parameter Details 1 Model name AERMOD (Version 7.1.0) 2 Model type Steady state gaussian plume air dispersion model 3 Topography Rural, flat 4 Averaging time 24 hours 5 Source type Point source 6 Boundary limits 10 km X 10 km 7 Co-ordinate system Uniform polar grid 8 Receptor height 0 9 Anemometer 10 m 10 Surface meteorological data Site specific data processed by AERMET 11 Upper air data Upper air estimator using AERMET processor 4.3.5.1 Model Input Data The air pollution modeling carried out represents the worst case and normal operating scenarios. The pollutants considered for modeling include particulate matter, sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen. The stack details and emission rates envisaged from the proposed DI pipe plant are given in Table-4.3. The stack details and emission rates considered for cumulative modeling is given in Table-4.4.