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Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

4.0 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

This chapter describes the identification of impacts, appraisal of various impacts during construction phase and operational phase. It also describes the action plan for the control of pollution as per CPCB and GSPCB guidelines.

4.1 Identification of Impacts

The environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary impacts are those, which are attributed directly to the project and secondary impacts are those, which are indirectly induced and typically include the associated investment and changed pattern of social and economic activities by the proposed action.

The construction and operation of the proposed ductile iron pipe manufacturing plant comprises various activities each of which may have an impact on some or other environmental parameters. Various impacts during the construction and operation phase on the environment parameters have been studied to estimate the impact on the environment and are discussed in the subsequent sections.

4.2 Impacts during Construction Phase

The proposed project includes activities related to leveling of site, construction and erection of main plant structures and installation of equipment.

4.2.1 Land Use and Soil Quality

The land requirement for DI pipe project will be about 20 acres (8.093 ha) within the existing pig iron plant premises. Out of 104 ha of land of existing pig iron plant, 33 ha of land has been already developed as greenbelt. The land use of plant site which is currently a vacant land will be converted to industrial land use category.

The soil at the project site predominantly consists of sandy clay. The construction activities will result in loss of topsoil to some extent in the area of proposed plant. About 500 m3 of earth and rocks will be generated during the ground preparation required which will be utilized within the plant premises itself. The top soil requires proper handling like separate stacking so that it can be used for green belt development. Apart from very localized construction impacts at the project site, no significant adverse impact on soil in the surrounding area is anticipated.

4.2.2 Impact on Air Quality

During construction phase, particulate matter will be the main pollutant, which would be generated from the site development activities and vehicular movement on the road. Further, concentration of NOx and CO may also slightly increase due to increased vehicular traffic movement. However, the increase in concentrations of air quality will be limited to construction phase only. As most of the construction equipment will be mobile, the emissions are likely to be fugitive. The dust generated will also be fugitive in nature, which can be controlled by sprinkling of water.

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-1 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

The impacts will be localized in nature and the areas outside the project boundary are not likely to have any major adverse impact with respect to ambient air quality.

4.2.3 Impact on Water Quality

Impact on water quality during construction phase may be due to sewage generated from the construction work force stationed at the site. Further, the construction activities are more related to mechanical fabrication, assembly and erection, the need of water requirement will be small. The wastewater generation during the construction period will be from the sanitary units provided for the workers. This wastewater will be treated in existing septic tanks and discharged into soak pits. Hence, there will not be any major adverse impact on external water regime due to discharge of sanitary treated wastewater.

4.2.4 Impact on Noise Levels

The major sources of noise during the construction phase are vehicular traffic, construction equipment like dozers, scrapers, concrete mixers, cranes, pumps, compressors, pneumatic tools, saws, vibrators etc. The operation of equipments will generate noise ranging between 85-90 dB (A). This noise will be generated within the project boundary and will be transient in nature.

4.2.5 Impact on Terrestrial Ecology

The location of the proposed site of DI pipe does not have any vegetation cover. Thus, no adverse impacts are envisaged on ecology.

4.3 Impacts during Operational Phase

The proposed project operations may cause environmental pollution and if adequate control measures are not taken to prevent/mitigate the adverse environmental impacts, these operations may cause irreversible damage to the ecosystem. The environmental parameters which are most commonly affected by proposed project activities are:  Land use;  Soil;  Topography and climate;  Air quality;  Drainage;  Water resources and quality;  Noise levels;  Ecology (terrestrial and aquatic); and  Socio-economics.

4.3.1 Impact on Land Use

The project is proposed to be built within the existing pig iron plant premises, which is already under industrial land use category. Hence, there will be minimal change in the land use.

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-2 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

No additional impact on land use is envisaged during the operation stage of the project, other than those discussed during the construction stage. It is likely to improve aesthetically with the proposed greenbelt and green cover.

4.3.2 Topography

The proposed plant site will be located on a flat area. Minimum leveling is required to be carried out during the construction of the plant. This will not cause any significant topographical changes in the area.

4.3.3 Impact on Soil Quality

Impacts on soil are restricted to the construction phase, which are expected to be stabilized during operational phase. Existing green belt for the operational pig iron plant will arrest the fugitive emissions. The proposed greenbelt/greencover will improve the soil quality in the project area.

4.3.4 Solid Waste / Hazardous Waste Management

The waste generation details from proposed DI pipe project are given below in Table-4.1. TABLE 4.1 WASTE GENERATION DETAILS

4.3.5 Impact on Air Quality

The sources of air pollution in the process due to the proposed project have been identified and quantified. Particulate matter, NO2 and SO2 will be the main pollutants emitted from proposed project. The incremental ground level concentrations from the proposed project and cumulative model for existing as well as proposed plant have been estimated by using dispersion modeling.

 Details of Mathematical Modeling

For prediction of maximum ground level concentrations (GLC’s), the air dispersion modeling software (AERMOD version 7.1.0) was used. AERMOD is a steady state advanced gaussian plume model that simulates air quality and deposition fields upto 50 km radius. AERMOD is approved by USEPA and is widely used software. It is an advanced version of industrial source complex (ISCST3) model, utilizes similar input and output structure to ISCST3 sharing many of the same features, as well as offering additional features. The model is applicable to rural and urban areas, flat and complex terrain, surface and elevated releases and multiple sources including point, area, flare, line and volume sources.

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-3 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Dispersion modeling using AERMOD requires hourly meteorological data. Site specific data recorded during pre-monsoon 2016 at project site is used for executing modeling studies. The site specific meteorological data is processed using AERMET processor.

 Model Set-up

The model set-up details are presented in Table-4.2.

TABLE-4.2 MODEL SET-UP

Sr. No. Parameter Details 1 Model name AERMOD (Version 7.1.0) 2 Model type Steady state gaussian plume air dispersion model 3 Topography Rural, flat 4 Averaging time 24 hours 5 Source type Point source 6 Boundary limits 10 km X 10 km 7 Co-ordinate system Uniform polar grid 8 Receptor height 0 9 Anemometer 10 m 10 Surface meteorological data Site specific data processed by AERMET 11 Upper air data Upper air estimator using AERMET processor

4.3.5.1 Model Input Data

The air pollution modeling carried out represents the worst case and normal operating scenarios. The pollutants considered for modeling include particulate matter, sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen. The stack details and emission rates envisaged from the proposed DI pipe plant are given in Table-4.3. The stack details and emission rates considered for cumulative modeling is given in Table-4.4. The emission calculation sheet is attached as Annexure-XIII.

TABLE-4.3 PROPOSED DI PIPE MANUFACTURING PLANT -STACK DETAILS AND EMISSION RATES

Stack Design Emission Rate Exit Tempe Volumetric Limits (mg/ (g/sec) Sr. Height Diameter Stack Attached to Velocity rature Flow Nm3) No. (m) (m) 0 3 (m/s) ( C) (Nm /s) PM SO2 NO2 PM SO2 NO2 1 Dedusting outlet 30 1.2 10 45 10.5 50 - - 0.52 - - 2 Annealing 1 40 1.2 2.8 230 1.87 50 100 150 0.093 0.18 0.28 3 Annealing 2 40 1.2 2.7 200 1.92 50 100 150 0.096 0.19 0.288 4 Zinc coating 1 16.5 0.6 9.8 40 2.63 50 - - 0.13 - - 5 Zinc coating 2 16.5 0.6 11.3 46 2.98 50 - - 0.14 - - 6 Zinc coating 3 16.5 0.6 9.8 40 2.63 50 - - 0.13 - - 7 Zinc coating 4 16.5 0.6 10.6 40 2.85 50 - - 0.14 - - 8 Barrel grinding 1 30 0.6 14.2 30 2.15 50 - - 0.10 - - 9 Barrel grinding 2 16.5 0.6 13 46 3.46 50 - - 0.17 - - 10 Bitumen drying 1 16.5 1.3 13 30 16.9 50 - - 0.84 - - 11 Bitumen drying 2 30 1.375 5.4 30 6.69 50 - - 0.33 - - 12 Bitumen drying 3 30 1.375 5.2 30 6.78 50 - - 0.33 - - 13 Bitumen drying 4 30 1.3 5.6 35 7.31 50 - - 0.36 - - 14 Stove stack 60 2 14.2 281 23.9 50 100 150 1.19 2.39 3.59 15 Mg Converter 30 0.6 13 43 3.46 50 100 150 0.173 0.3466 0.520 Source: Vedanta Limited

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-4 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa

Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

TABLE-4.4 STACK DETAILS AND EMISSION RATES FOR CUMULATIVE MODELLING

Sr. No Stack Attached to Height (m) Diameter (m) Exit Velocity Tempera Volumetric Flow Stack Design Limits Emission Rate (m/s) ture (0C) (Nm3/hr) (mg/ Nm3) (g/sec) PM SO2 NO2 PM SO2 NO2 1 Proposed Iron & Alloy Powder& High Purity Pig Iron Plant,Amona Annealing furnace front end 17 0.4 0.22 200 100 50 100 150 0.0013 0.0027 0.0041 Annealing furnace rear end 18 0.3 0.2 60 50 50 100 150 0.0006 0.0013 0.0020 Drier - DES 19 0.25 19.82 100 3500 50 - - 0.04 - - DES 1 - Black Powder 19 0.65 19.79 30 23650 50 - - 0.32 - - DES 2 - Annealed Powder 21 0.2 6.37 60 720 50 - - 0.01 - - DES 3 - Blending 19 0.6 9.6 30 9770 50 - - 0.135 - - DES 4 - Quality lab 21 0.2 7.08 30 800 50 - - 0.011 - - 30 MT BOF, LRF, Holding 30 2.25 22 85 200000 50 250 150 2.77 13.8 8.33 15 MT BOF-15 MT LRF 30 1.72 22 85 97000 50 250 150 1.347 6.73 4.04 2 Existing Blast Furnace, Amona Hot Blast Stove (HBS)-1 45 1.94 5 165 34800 50 250 150 0.483 2.41 1.45 Hot blast stoves (HBS)-2 45 1.94 5 165 34800 50 250 150 0.483 2.41 1.45 5 TPH Boiler 30 1 3.77 153 10659 30 100 100 0.088 0.29 0.29 WHRB-1 of PP-1 43 2 9 172 110383 30 100 100 0.919 3.06 3.06 WHRB-2 of PP-1 43 2 9 172 110383 30 100 100 0.919 3.06 3.06 3 Existing Pig Iron Plant at Navelim Sinter Plant Main ESP 100 6.8 2.0 160 271802.4 150 100 150 11.3 21.82 32.73 Discharge end ESP 30 2.7 4.0 80 82406.16 150 - - 3.4 - - Sinter screening & product bunker bag filter 30 2.5 6.08 48 107441.63 150 - - 4.47 - - Proportioning bin bag filter 30 2.5 3.0 53 3052.08 150 - - 0.12 - - Flux & fuel area bag filter 30 1.62 7.27 48 53945.73 150 - - 2.24 - - Blast Furnace Cast house de-dusting 30 2.8 4.0 46 4069.4 100 - - 0.16 - - Stock house de-dusting 30 2.8 4.0 51 4069.4 100 - - 0.16 - - Pulverised coal injection (PCI) 37.5 1.02 6.65 84 18802.48 50 250 150 0.2611 1.305 0.783 Hot blast stoves (HBS) 60 3 6.29 147 159979.86 50 250 150 2.22 11.10 6.665 Power plant WHRB-I 50 2 9.44 148 105972.45 30 100 100 0.8831 2.943 2.943 WHRB-II 50 2 9.95 151 112532.11 30 100 100 0.9377 3.125 3.125 4 Proposed Phase 2 Pig Iron Plant at Navelim

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-5 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa

Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Sinter Plant Main ESP 100 6.8 2.0 160 271802.4 150 100 150 11.3 21.82 32.73 Discharge end ESP 30 2.7 4.0 80 82406.16 150 - - 3.4 - - Sinter screening & product bunker bag filter 30 2.5 6.08 48 107441.63 150 - - 4.47 - - Proportioning bin bag filter 30 2.5 3.0 53 3052.08 150 - - 0.12 - - Flux & fuel area bag filter 30 1.62 7.27 48 53945.73 150 - - 2.24 - - Blast Furnace Cast house de-dusting 30 2.8 4.0 46 4069.4 100 - - 0.16 - - Stock house de-dusting 30 2.8 4.0 51 4069.4 100 - - 0.16 - - Pulverised coal injection (PCI) 37.5 1.02 6.65 84 18802.48 50 250 150 0.2611 1.305 0.783 Hot blast stoves (HBS) 60 3 6.29 147 159979.86 50 250 150 2.22 11.10 6.665 Power Plant WHRB-I 50 2 9.44 148 105972.45 30 100 100 0.8831 2.943 2.943 WHRB-II 50 2 9.95 151 112532.11 30 100 100 0.9377 3.125 3.125 5 Proposed DI Pipe Manufacturing Plant, Navelim Volumetric flow (Nm3/s) Dedusting outlet 30 1.2 10 45 10.5 50 - - 0.52 - - Annealing 1 40 1.2 2.8 230 1.87 50 100 150 0.09 0.18 0.28 Annealing 2 40 1.2 2.7 200 1.92 50 100 150 0.096 0.19 0.288 Zinc coating 1 16.5 0.6 9.8 40 2.63 50 - - 0.13 - - Zinc coating 2 16.5 0.6 11.3 46 2.985 50 - - 0.14 - - Zinc coating 3 16.5 0.6 9.8 40 2.63 50 - - 0.13 - - Zinc coating 4 16.5 0.6 10.6 40 2.85 50 - - 0.14 - - Barrel grinding 1 30 0.6 14.2 30 2.159 50 - - 0.10 - - Barrel grinding 2 16.5 0.6 13 46 3.46 50 - - 0.17 - - Bitumen drying 1 16.5 1.3 13 30 16.97 50 - - 0.84 - - Bitumen drying 2 30 1.375 5.4 30 6.69 50 - - 0.33 - - Bitumen drying 3 30 1.375 5.2 30 6.78 50 - - 0.33 - - Bitumen drying 4 30 1.3 5.6 35 7.31 50 - - 0.36 - - Stove stack 60 2 14.2 281 23.99 50 100 150 1.19 2.39 3.59 Mg Converter 30 0.6 13 43 3.46 50 100 150 0.173 0.346 0.520 6 Existing Iron Ore Mines Capacity (MT/year) Area (ha) Emission Rate (g/sec)-PM Sanauelim Iron Ore Mine 0.09 203.509 0.0000000005 - - - Surla-Sonshi Iron ore mine 0.496 253.39 0.0000000022 - - - Mareta Sodo iron ore mine 0.451 26.677 0.0000000186 - - - Gaval Sonshi Iron Ore mine 1.352 62 0.0000000240 - - -

Source: Vedanta Limited ** Stack emission standards are considered according to Integrated Iron & Steel Standards Prescribed by CPCB, 2012

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-6 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

 Meteorological Data

The hourly meteorological data recorded at site is converted to the mean meteorological hourly data as specified by CPCB and the same has been used in the model. Mixing heights published in ‘Atlas of hourly mixing height and assimilative capacity of atmosphere in India’ 2008 by India Meteorological Department, New Delhi has been used for modeling.

The predicted incremental ground level concentrations (GLCs) for PM, SO2 and NO2 likely to be contributed by the proposed project and cumulative incremental concentrations are presented in Table-4.5(A) & Table-4.5(B).

TABLE-4.5(A) PROPOSED SHORT TERM MAXIMUM INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS FOR PROPOSED DI PIPE PLANT

Parameters Incremental Concentration Distance Direction (µg/m3) (km) PM10 2.7 1.4 SE SO2 1.1 1.4 SE NO2 1.6 1.4 SE

 Comments on Proposed Incremental Concentrations

A perusal of Table-4.5(A) reveals that the maximum incremental short term 24 hourly ground level concentrations for PM, SO2 and NO2 likely to be encountered during pre-monsoon season is 2.7 µg/m3, 1.1 µg/m3 and 1.6 µg/m3.

TABLE-4.5(B) CUMULATIVE SHORT TERM MAXIMUM INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS

Parameters Incremental Concentration Distance Direction (µg/m3) (km) PM10 26.1 1.4 SE SO2 12.0 1.4 SE NO2 9.2 1.4 SE

 Comments on Cumulative Incremental Concentrations

A perusal of Table-4.5(B) reveals that the maximum incremental short term 24 hourly ground level concentrations for PM, SO2 and NO2 likely to be encountered during pre-monsoon season are 26.1 µg/m3, 12.0 µg/m3 and 9.2 µg/m3. These concentrations are due to operating industries and already captured in the baseline ambient air quality results.

 Resultant Concentrations after Implementation of the Project

The maximum incremental GLCs due to the proposed project for PM, SO2 and NO2 are superimposed on the maximum baseline PM, SO2 and NO2 concentrations recorded during the study period in the downwind direction to arrive at the likely resultant concentrations during the same period after implementation of the proposed project. The proposed and cumulative incremental concentrations (baseline + incremental) after implementation of the project are tabulated below in

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-7 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Table-4.6 .The isopleths showing the incremental concentrations for PM, SO2 and NO2 for proposed DI pipe plant are shown in Figure-4.1, Figure-4.2 and Figure- 4.3. The cumulative incremental concentrations for PM, SO2 and NO2 are shown in Figure-4.4, Figure-4.5 and Figure-4.6.

TABLE-4.6 PROPOSED RESULTANT CONCENTRATIONS DUE TO INCREMENTAL GLC's

Pollutant Baseline Incremental Resultant Limits (Industrial/ (g/m3) (µg/m3) (g/m3) Residential) (g/m3) PM10 71.3 2.7 74.0 100 SO2 13.9 1.1 15.0 80 NO2 17.7 1.6 19.3 80

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-8 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

FIGURE-4.1 SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCS OF PM

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-9 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

FIGURE-4.2 SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCS OF SO2

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-10 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

FIGURE-4.3 SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCS OF NO2

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-11 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

FIGURE-4.4 CUMULATIVE SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCS OF PM

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-12 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

FIGURE-4.5 CUMULATIVE SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCS OF SO2

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-13 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

FIGURE-4.6 CUMULATIVE SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCS OF NO2

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-14 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

4.3.6 Impact on Water Resources and Water Quality

Circulating water requirement for the proposed project will be 2366 m3/hr. The make up water requirement will be approximately 40 m3/hr and the source of water is from Bandhara dam which is about 10 km away from the plant and connected with the pipeline. Make-up water will be drawn from Bandhara & stored in raw water sump. The permission to draw the water upto 6000 m3/day from Bandhara dam at river Valvonti has already been granted by GWRD-Goa Government.

 Impact on Surface Water Resources

Water used from the various process of the plant is mainly from indirect cooling circuits which are not normally contaminated with any major pollutants. Blow down will be done and water will be discharged to waste water pond and will be used for dust suppression and other purposes. Wastewater generated from cement lining and other process is treated in ETP and reused for plant process. Hence, the impact on the surface water quality is not envisaged. The water balance diagram is shown in Figure-4.7. The summary of water balance is given in Table-4.7.

TABLE-4.7 SUMMARY OF WATER BALANCE

Sr. No Description Quantity (m3/hr) 1 Circulation water requirement 2366 2 Make up water 40 3 Gardening, road sprinkling and other miscellaneous 12 4 Process consumption/Evaporation losses 28

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-15 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

FIGURE - 4.7 WATER BALANCE DIAGRAM

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-16 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

 Impact on Ground Water Resources

During the operation phase, the required water will be met from Bandhara which is about 10 km away from the plant. Hence, no impact on ground water is envisaged.

 Impact on Water Quality

In order to conserve precious fresh water demand, the plant water system will be designed based on 100% recirculation system and thus effective discharge to outside will be almost zero. No effluent discharge is envisaged due to recycling into the plant operation. Hence, there will be no impact on the water regime due to the effluents from the proposed plant.

 Water Treatment System

The raw water will be treated and used for industrial process and firefighting requirement. Water treatment consists of a sedimentation tank and thickener. Settling tank of adequate capacity will be maintained. In the settling tank coarse suspended solids settle out by sedimentation. The finer suspended particles present in the water are not removed in the settling tank. Hence, the water from the sedimentation tank is sent to the thickener. In thickener these fine suspended particles are removed by the addition of coagulants. The sludge generated at the bottom of sedimentation tank is removed by using grab cranes at regular interval of time and that generated at the bottom of the thickener is pumped to the settling tank.

4.3.7 Impact on Noise Levels

Any industrial complex in general consists of several sources of noise in clusters or single. These clusters / single source may be housed in buildings of different dimensions made of different materials or installed in open or under sheds. The noise levels at the source will be in the range of 80-100 dB(A). For computing the noise levels at various distances with respect to the plant site, noise levels are predicted using a user friendly model.

4.3.7.1 Input for the Model

The prediction of incremental noise levels due to the operation phase of the proposed plant has been carried out using mathematical model. Noise levels are mainly generated from compressor house, mould shop and in finishing areas (cement lining, grinding etc).

4.3.7.2 Presentation of Results

 Work Zone Noise Levels

The damage risk criteria as enforced by OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) to reduce hearing loss, stipulates that noise level upto 90 dB(A) are acceptable for 8 hour working shift per day. It was observed from the modeling results that high noise levels ranging between 60-80 dB(A) are limited

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-17 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

to work zone only. At the corners of the plant boundary, noise levels will be varying between 26.0 dB(A) to 52.5 dB(A).

Adequate protective measures in the form of ear muffs/ear plugs will be provided to the workers working in high noise areas. All the necessary noise protective equipments will be supplied to workmen operating near high noise generating sources. In addition, reduction in noise levels in the high noise machinery areas could be achieved by adoption of suitable preventive measures such as suitable building layout in which the equipments are to be located. Noise dispersion contour diagram is presented in Figure-4.8.

As per model results the resultant noise levels due to the proposed ductile iron plant will be <55 dB(A) at the plant boundaries in all the directions.

The ambient noise levels in the region are within permissible limits and are envisaged to be within the permissible limits after commissioning of the proposed facilities also.

The criterion for environmental noise control is that the design of the proposed plant will not exceed in any continuous mode of operations, the level stipulated by MoEF&CC and/or State Pollution Control Board at any point on the site boundary.

The noise level produced by any rotating equipment will be controlled and will not exceed 90 dB(A) at a distance of 1.0 m from its boundary in any direction under any load condition. The noise produced in valves and piping associated with handling compressible and incompressible fluids will be attenuated to 85 dB(A) at a distance of 1.0 m from the source by the use of low noise trims, baffle plate silencers/line silencers, acoustic lagging (insulation), thick-walled pipe work as and where necessary.

All rotary equipment like fans, blowers, pumps and compressors would be of low noise design. The grouting of this equipment will be made free from vibrations. The work zone noise exposure of the operating personnel would be avoided by remote operation from the control rooms.

All pipes and valves downstream of pressure control valve (including pressure control valve) will be one schedule higher than needed by pressure considerations to attenuate the noise. For safety relief valves the allowable noise level will not exceed 115 dB(A) for one-quarter hour or less per day. Safety valves will be provided on the stem drum and its number and capacity will conform to the code requirements.

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-18 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

-1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1000 1000

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FIGURE–4.8 NOISE DISPERSION CONTOUR

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-19 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

 Community Noise Levels

Day and night sound pressure levels Ldn is often used to describe the community noise exposure, which includes 10 dB(A) night time penalty. The predicted noise levels at a distance of 0.5 km and above would be less than <50.0 dB(A). Most of the human settlements are at a distance greater than 0.5 km from the plant site. Hence, impact on general population would be insignificant.

 Noise Control at the Community Level

It should be noted that, the resultant noise levels at the plant boundary will be less than 55 dB(A). The proposed greenbelt in the project will help to attenuate the noise emitted by the various sources in the plant and the community noise levels will not be increased.

4.3.8 Impact on Ecology

 Impacts on Terrestrial Ecology

The impact on terrestrial ecology may occur due to emission of gaseous pollutants like SO2, PM and NO2. These pollutants at a very low dose act as atmospheric fertilizer for the vegetation. However, at higher doses, they can be injurious to both vegetation as well as animals.

The main sources of air pollution from the proposed plant would be from the process stacks. The pollutants from the proposed plant will be particulate matter,SO2 and No2.

The incremental concentrations predicted from the modeling simulations are well within the permissible NAAQ limits. Hence, no impact is envisaged on the surrounding terrestrial ecology.

 Impact on Aquatic Ecology

Since the unit will be operating on zero discharge process, no adverse impact on aquatic ecology is envisaged. The plant drainage system will be suitably designed such that the storm water does not carry any pollutants.

 Impact on Migratory Paths for Wild life

There are no identified migratory paths for major and minor wild life in the project site and the study area. The identified avi-fauna, which are observed in the project site and in the study area are local migrants only. Therefore, the proposed plant operations are not likely to have any adverse impact on the paths for avifauna.

4.4 Environment Management during Construction Phase

The activities during the construction phase include site preparation, transportation of construction materials, equipment and construction of the infrastructure facilities. During this phase, it is imminent that workers/labourers

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-20 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

would be staying on site till the completion of the construction work. However, this is not considered as a long-term impact. Contractor will provide amenities to the construction labour. The project proponent, in order to minimize these impacts, would undertake adequate preventive and remedial measures as outlined below:

4.4.1 Air Pollution Management

The proposed project will be carried within the existing plant premises. Hence, no major leveling and cutting operations are required, due to the availability of plain land. Hence, no major excavation of the area except for the purpose of foundation is envisaged. However, during dry weather conditions, dust is likely to be generated from excavation and transportation activities. Hence, it is necessary to control the dust generated by excavation and transportation activities. Dust control will be carried out by water sprinkling. The emissions from diesel vehicles in use will be checked on monthly basis and brought to the required levels of emission standards. It will also be ensured that both gasoline and diesel powered construction vehicles are properly maintained to minimize smoke in the exhaust emissions.

4.4.2 Noise Environment

Noise generation during construction phase is due to the operation of heavy equipment and vehicular traffic in the area. However, these impacts are short term, intermittent and temporary in nature. The effect of noise on the nearest inhabitants during the construction activity will be negligible as the noise will be diffused by the natural obstructions. However, it is advisable that on-site workers working with high noise generating equipment will have protection devices like earmuffs. Noise prone activities have to be restricted to the extent possible to day time only particularly to be avoided during 10 pm to 6 am in order to have minimum impact on community.

4.4.3 Water Environment

The water environment is likely to be affected to certain extent due to the construction activities because of the generation of effluents from sanitary facilities for the construction workers, washing of vehicles and spillage of fuels. However, these are of temporary in nature and the impact will be minimum, limited to constructional phase only. Temporary sedimentation tanks will be provided for de-silting of surface run-off during monsoon season.

The vehicle maintenance area will be located in such a manner to prevent contamination of surface and ground water sources by accidental spillage of oil. Unauthorized dumping of waste oil will be prohibited.

4.4.4 Sanitation

The construction site will be provided with sufficient and suitable toilet facilities for workers to meet the proper standards of hygiene.

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-21 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

4.4.5 Land Environment

As soon as construction is over, the surplus earth will be utilized to fill up low- lying areas, the rubbish will be cleared and all unbuilt surfaces reinstated. The site does not involve any cutting of trees. Development of greenbelt will be taken up along with construction works.

4.4.6 Socio-Economics and Demography

Normally, the construction activity will benefit the local population in a number of ways such as supply of construction labourers, skilled, semi-skilled and un-skilled and secondary sector employment.

4.4.7 Storage of Hazardous Material

The hazardous materials anticipated to be stored at the site during construction include petrol and diesel, gas for welding/cutting purpose, paints and solvents. These materials will be stored as per the international safety norms in ventilated enclosures. Site will be identified for the storage of diesel away from the construction site.

4.5 Environment Management during Operation Phase

4.5.1 Air Pollution Control Measures

The remedial and control measures planned to be adopted are discussed briefly in the following sections:

. Air pollution will be controlled by installing dust extraction system and through bag filters;

. Cement and sand is being handled and transferred in closed vessel by pneumatic handling systems to minimize the dust emissions; and

. Water sprinkling to suppress dust.

 Additional Recommendations

 Good housekeeping will be maintained in the plant premises;

 The trucks and other vehicles shall be maintained and serviced regularly to reduce air emissions; and

 Usage of respiratory protective equipment by all employees will be ensured.

In deciding upon the type of respiratory protection to be provided, due regard should be given to the levels of dust in air, the type of work and its duration, the ease of its use to encourage it to be worn and maintenance considerations which would clearly have a bearing on costs (i.e. disposable or non-disposable face masks).

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-22 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

4.5.2 Fugitive Emissions & Control Measures

 Specific Measures to Control Fugitive Emissions

 Bag filters will be provided to control the fugitive emissions. In area where provision of bag filter and other control device is not feasible, water – spraying arrangements will be made (dispatch yard / roads);

 The vent is attached to the bag filters of adequate height to disperse the air pollutants to the satisfactory levels;

 Transportation of raw material will be done in closed trucks only;  Adopting good housekeeping practice will also helps in control of fugitive emissions. Maintaining shop floor and roads in good condition minimizes the chances of fugitive emissions;  All the workers and officers working inside the plant will be provided with disposable dust masks; and

 Green belt will be developed around the plant to arrest the fugitive emissions.

 Action Plan as Per CPCB Standards & Guidelines

 The stack emissions from the project will be controlled to less than CPCB standards for proposed project.

 Adequately designed bag filters or any other adequate air pollution control system/combination of system will be installed to achieve the prescribed stack emission standards; and

 Non-functioning of pollution control equipments will be recorded in the logbook along with reasons for not running the pollution control equipments.

4.5.3 Noise Level Management

Manufacturers and suppliers of noise generating devices/machines like compressor house, mould shop and in finishing areas (cement lining, grinding etc) will be asked to provide acoustic enclosures for noise control by adopting appropriate design and state of art technology for fabricating/assembling machines. Proper noise barriers/ shields etc. will be provided around the equipment wherever required. Noise from equipment will be adequately attenuated by providing soundproof enclosure and insulation to minimize the noise level.

4.5.3.1 Recommendations for Noise Management

. Equipments will conform to noise levels prescribed by regulatory authorities (<85 dB (A)); . All opening like covers, partitions may be acoustically sealed; . The operator’s cabin (control rooms) will be properly insulated with special doors and observation windows;

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-23 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

. The operators working in the high-noise areas would be strictly instructed to use earmuffs/ ear plugs; . The air compressor, DG set, pneumatic valves should be provided with acoustic enclosure; . Noise levels will be reduced by the use of absorbing material on floors, walls and ceilings; and . There will be thick vegetation in the plant premises to attenuate continuous noise.

4.5.4 Water Pollution Management

Entire water used for industrial purpose is recycled and reused. There is no discharge of process effluents. However, the process water is treated physically & chemically by sedimentation and clariflocculation respectively. Only the evaporation losses are made up by makeup water from the Bandhra dam or rainwater harvested in old mine pits at Sanquelim. Domestic water needs are catered from Public Water Supply (PWD) supply.

Most of the water is used for cooling purposes and dust conditioning. The wastewater arising from the plant will be routed to effluent treatment plant and will be re-utilized for the plant purposes. Thus major portion of water will be recirculated after necessary physical treatment e.g. settling, cooling etc. except for the bleed off portion, which is required to be discharged for the reasons. Remaining wastewater will be used for dust suppression and gardening uses. No effluent discharge is envisaged due to recycling in the plant operation. Hence, there will be no impact on the external water regime due to the effluents from the proposed plant.

 Water Conservation Systems

Water conservation is achieved through four R strategy, namely Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Rain water harvesting. Rainwater harvesting structure will be constructed along the storm water drains near the plant site.

A rain water harvesting pit of 20 m x 10 m x 8 m with storage capacity of 1600 m3 is already developed as shown in Figure -4.9. Total rain water used from the rain water harvesting pit is 1,24,000 m3 in the year 2016.

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-24 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

FIGURE–4.9 PHOTOGRAPH SHOWING RAIN WATER HARVESTING PIT

4.5.4 Solid Waste Management/ Hazardous Waste Management

 Slag will be used for road laying;  Iron scrap will be reused in induction furnace; and . Spent/used oil, discarded chemical containers, etc. disposed to authorized recyclers.

4.5.5 Energy Conservation Measures

Energy conservation measures at the design stage are equally important as pollution prevention and control measures, since the energy consumption has a direct linkage to the emission of carbon dioxide which is a greenhouse gas. It is suggested that the energy conservation measures be adopted wherever possible to reduce the specific energy consumption. The incentives offered for energy conservation by the National and international bodies like CDM mechanism should be used to conserve energy.

Energy Saving through Waste Heat Recovery Power Plant:

Heat from flue gas from the blast furnace and coke oven flue gases is recovered to produce 63 MW of power. Vedanta has developed a waste heat recovery technology compliant with advanced global emission norms. Otherwise fossil fuels would have been consumed for captive generation or imported from state utilities. Thus with the use of available blast furnace gas, there is a saving of LDO consumption leading to huge saving in CO2 release to the atmosphere.

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-25 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

4.5.6 Greenbelt Development

Effective utilization pollution reducing technologies, such as utilization of noise pollution reduction equipment during the operation phase will be of immense help and will aid in reducing the noise pollution during operation phase of the plant and also appropriate plantation activity and using treated sewage water for the purpose of the green belt development and gardening activities which are earmarked in the area.

4.5.6.1 Objective

The main objective of the green belt is to provide a barrier between the plant and the surrounding areas. The green belt helps to capture the fugitive emissions and to attenuate the noise generated in the plant apart from improving the aesthetics of the plant site. In order to control the industrial pollutants, dense tree plantations are necessary.

As the sedimentation pattern of the pollutants, ambient and ground level concentration of pollutants are usually determined by the direction and speed of prevailing wind and vertical and horizontal thermal gradients prevailing in the area, the belt of plantations will be designed accordingly. The width of the tree belt depends on the gaseous emissions, availability of land and site characteristics etc.

Geometry of planting of tree is more important in order to have effective wind break by the plantation. For an effective green belt, a mixture of tree species is necessary and some shrubs and grasses will be inter-cropped. As far as possible, there will be no gaps in the green belt. Where opening is imperative, alignments to roads will be such that open gaps are prevented to overcome funneling action of wind.

The trees will be planted in several rows with a tree density of 2000-2500 trees/ha with adequate width around the plant boundary and maintained as per CPCB guidelines. The inter-spaces will be planted with grasses, bushes and hedges. Greenbelt is thus a set of rows of trees planted in such a way that they form an effective barrier between the plant and the surroundings.

4.5.6.2 Design of Green Belt

A 15 m wide greenbelt, consisting of at least 3 tiers around the plant boundary shall be developed as greenbelt and green cover as per Central Pollution Control Board, PCB/ Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF & CC), New Delhi guidelines, as per the Terms of Reference and 33 ha of land has already been developed as green belt.

The plant density of 2,500 trees per hectare with local native species will be implemented. The expenditure on development and maintenance of green belt is of revenue nature and sufficient fund shall be provided to meet the requirement. The plantation schedule will be completed within five years from the construction period of the project.

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-26 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

The following shall be designed and implemented as per the latest CPCB guidelines. The broad aspects to be covered are given below:

 Shrubs and trees will be planted in encircling rows around the project site;  The short trees (<10-m height) will be planted in the first rows (towards plant side) of the green belt. The tall trees (>10 m height) will be planted in the outer rows (away from plant side);  Planting of trees in each row will be in staggered orientation (triangular form);  The spacing between the trees will be maintained slightly less than the normal spaces, so that the trees may grow vertically and slightly increase the effective height of the green belt.

4.5.6.3 Plant Species for Greenbelt

While selecting the plant species for the proposed green belt, the following points will be taken into consideration:

 Should be fast growing type;  Should have a thick canopy cover;  Should be perennially green;  Should be preferably of native origin; and  Should have a large leaf area index.

4.5.6.4 Recommended Species in the Greenbelt Area

The recommended species for the greenbelt development are given in Table-4.8.

TABLE-4.8 LIST OF SPECIES SHOWING HIGH AIR POLLUTION TOLERANCE INDEX (APTI) WHICH ARE FOUND GROWING IN NORTH GOA

Sr. Scientific Name Common Name in Family Air Pollution Tolerance No English/ Konkani Index levels (APTI) Name/ Hindi 1 Azadirachta indica Neem/Nimb Meliaceae For controlling suspended particulate matter (SPM), S02, NOx and noise 2 Melia azadirach Firnage nimb/ Meliaceae For controlling suspended Persian Lilac particulate matter (SPM), S02, NOx and noise 3 Tamarindus indica Imli/Chinch Caesalpinaceae For controlling suspended particulate matter (SPM), S02, NOx and noise 4 Terminalia Marat Combretaceae For controlling suspended tomentosa particulate matter (SPM), S02, NOx and noise 5 Ficus religiosa Religious Fig/Pipal Moraceae For controlling suspended particulate matter (SPM), S02, NOx and noise 6 Thespesia populnea Portia Tree/Bhendi Malvaceae For controlling suspended particulate matter (SPM), S02, NOx and noise

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-27 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Sr. Scientific Name Common Name in Family Air Pollution Tolerance No English/ Konkani Index levels (APTI) Name/ Hindi 7 Alstonia scholaris Devils Tree/ Satvan Apocynaceae For controlling suspended particulate matter (SPM), S02, NOx and noise

8 Dalbergia latifolia Rose wood /Kala- Fabaceae For controlling suspended shisham/Shisham particulate matter (SPM), S02, NOx and noise 9 Sygizium cumini Indian Black Berry/ Myrtaceae For controlling suspended Jamun/Jambul particulate matter (SPM), S02, NOx and noise 10 Tectona grandis Teak /Saylo Verbenaceae For controlling suspended particulate matter (SPM), S02, NOx and noise

All the above mentioned species are ideally suited for the ecological habitat of North Goa.

4.5.6.5 Action Plan for Development of Greenbelt Area

The plants should be ideally 1 to 2 years old, chosen from notified social forest nurseries or private nurseries and care should be taken to adhere to the native and local species, avoiding as far as possible the planting of exotic species for the green belt development. Ideally, the plants could be sourced from the existing forest nurseries in the vicinity.

4.5.6.6 Existing Green belt Species at Sesa’s Iron & Coke Complex at Amona & Navelim

The existing green belt species are listed below in Table-4.9.

TABLE -4.9 EXISTING GREEN BELT SPECIES

Sr. Year No. of Plants Type of Plants No Planted 1 Monsoon of 2011 6828 Acacia tree 2 Monsoon of 2012 4410 3 Monsoon of 2013

4791 4 Monsoon of 2014 3650 Saton, Mahagani, Apta, Pstodia, Cassia fistula, 5 1510 Cassia siemena, Gulmohar, Tamand, Ghoting, Bel, Rain tree, Kokum, Shivini, Falas, Avla, Jambul,Neem, Jack fruit, Peru, Acacia, Badam Monsoon of 2015 Flowering plants, Bougainvilla, Yellow Bamboo,

Chafa, Kodu Limbu, Duranta branches, Badam, Jamun, , Mango, Chiku, Jackfruit, Ashoka, Awla, Neem 6 1425 Spotida, Mahagany, Taman, Shivani, Jambul , Monsoon of 2016-17 Saton, Kokum, Cassia Fistula, Mango, Casurina, Avla Total 22614

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-28 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

4.6 Socio-Economic Development

The development activities needs to be taken up, based on the requirement of the people in the area. The basic requirement of the community needs to be strengthened by extending health care, educational facilities developed in the township to the community, providing drinking water to the villages affected, building/strengthening of existing roads in the area.

The preference will be given to the local population for direct and in-direct employment. The proposed project may create opportunities for indirect employment in the field of vehicle hiring, labours, trading of construction material, carpenters etc. This will help in improving the socio economic status of the region.

The company will participate in social development activities in all the villages surrounding the proposed plant area. Social welfare activities will be taken up on a large scale. These activities will have the following focus areas:

 Health care;  Social well being;  Education;  Sustainable livelihood;  Infrastructure building;  Afforestation;  Rural water supply; and  Assistance in utilizing government programs.

4.7 Summary of Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

The summary of anticipated adverse environmental impacts and the mitigation measures during operational phase are given in Table-4.10.

TABLE-4.10 SUMMARY OF ANTICIPATED IMPACTS DURING OPERATION PHASE

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-29 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Discipline Potential Probable Mitigation Measures Remarks Negative Source Impacts areas, will be provided with protective equipment.

Construction activity will be restricted to day time only. Terrestrial Clearing of Land The proposed plant will be Extensive plantation ecology vegetation acquisition and established within the in the surrounding including cutting soil enabling existing plant premises areas including of forest areas activities and it is already under plant site will be industrial land use done. category. The greenbelt will be developed in plant area.

Operational Impacts Water quality Deterioration of Discharge from Waste water is generated The reuse of treated surface water various plant from cement lining and wastewater will help quality units and other other process is treated in conserving the auxiliary units in ETP and reused for fresh water plant process. resources.

Air quality Increase in PM, Common Bag filters, cyclone The resultant air SO2 and NO2 levels Stack, D.G and separators will be provided quality will conform in ambient air. other air to control particulates to the stipulated pollution matter emission to less standards. control than 50 mg/Nm3. equipments Water sprinkling in road and dispatch yard for dust suppression.

Motorable roads in the plant area are paved to reduce dust emission.

Afforestation programs will be undertaken around the plant area. Solid waste Store area Iron scrap, Iron scrap will be reused slag, in induction furnace. magnesium oxide waste, Slag will be used for road waste core laying. sand, zinc dust and used oil Magnesium oxide waste will be re-used in plant.

Waste core sand sent for land fill/construction fill/road bases.

Zinc dust collected and sold to authorized agents.

Used oil will be sold to authorized agents.

Noise levels Increase in noise Equipment in Equipment will be Employees working

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-30 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Discipline Potential Probable Mitigation Measures Remarks Negative Source Impacts levels in the plant main plant and designed to conform to in high noise areas area. auxiliaries. noise levels prescribed by would be provided regulatory agencies. earplugs/ earmuffs Provision of green belt and as protective plantation would further device. help in attenuating noise. Demography Strain on existing Influx of Locals will be given Overall socio- and Socio- amenities like people of preference in employment economic status of Economics housing, water proposed and especially displaced the area is expected sources and project persons on priority. to improve sanitation, medical employees as considerably. and infrastructure well as No significant impact is facilities. contractor's envisaged as sufficient employees/ additional facilities are labourers. proposed by the project proponents. Storm water Impact on water Rain water Storm water discharges Separate storm control resources from site will be sent to water drains will separate storm drains ensure discharge of uncontaminated run-off water during rainy season.

The collected run- off water from the drains will be used for rainwater harvesting within the plant premises. Fire & safety Accidents and Chemical and Disaster management plan On-site and Off-site disasters related fuel storages (DMP) has been prepared Emergency plan will to fire & safety be implemented during any disaster.

4.9 Environment Management Practices at Existing Hot Metal Plant

The Environment Management Plan (EMP) measures are implemented in existing plant under operation to ensure sustainable development which is encompassive plan for which the Government, regulating agencies like Pollution Control Board working in the region and more importantly the affected population of the study area need to extend their cooperation and contribution. Pollution control measures include in-built process control measures for zero discharge. The measures which are under implementation are stated in subsequent sections. Photographs of existing environment management practices which is under implementation are shown in Figure-4.10.

4.9.1 Air Pollution Control Measures

The pollution control measures like sprinkling of water at dust generation points, covered tipper for transporting vehicles, ESP, pulse jet bag filter are installed to arrest the dust. The air pollution control measures in the existing plant under operation are given below in Table-4.11.

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-31 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

TABLE-4.11 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES

Sr. No Source Mitigation Measures 1 Sinter plant Bag filter, Electro static precipitators 2 Blast furnace Gas cleaning plant along with venturi scrubbers, bag filters 3 Coal crusher Pulse jet bag filters 4 Raw material handling Rain gun sprinklers 5 Stacks Online monitoring 6 Raw material transportation  Closed vessels and siled containers  Only vehicle having proper vehicular emission certification are allowed to enter the plant premises  To control fugitive emissions regular mobile water spraying in the plant area and asphalting / concreting of the roads are being maintained

4.9.2 Water Pollution Control Measures

The process water from coke, blast furnace, sinter plant is recycled and reused after appropriate treatment. The effluent from generated utilities is treated in ETP and reused in the process of blast furnace, sinter plant, dust suppression, ash fire fighting and green belt development. Regular monitoring of influent and effluent is carried out and treated water will maintain the norms prescribed as per GSPCB.

4.9.3 Solid Waste Management

All the blast furnace slag is granulated and provided to cement manufacturers for further utilisation. All the dust from air pollution control equipment is recycled and reused in sinter plant. Solid waste is disposed in environment-friendly manner or authorised recyclers.

4.9.4 Noise Pollution Control Measures

The overall noise levels in and around the plant area are kept within the standards by providing noise control measures including acoustic hoods, silencers etc

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-32 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Dry Fog System Bag Filters

Windshields for Arresting Dust Dust Capture Hoods

FIGURE-4.10 PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AT EXISTING PLANT

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-33 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Analysers Rain Guns at Raw Material Yard

Greenbelt

FIGURE-4.10 PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AT EXISTING PLANT

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-34 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Greenbelt/Greencover

FIGURE-4.10 PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AT EXISTING PLANT

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-35 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-2 Project Description

2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Introduction

This chapter presents the salient features of the proposed project including process description, raw material requirement, utilities and services, infrastructure facilities and likely environmental effects due to the proposed product diversification of hot metal/pig iron into DI pipe.

2.2 Type of Project

Vedanta Limited, a subsidiary of Vedanta Resources Plc, India, proposes to install ductile iron pipes manufacturing plant of capacity 0.3 MTPA, within the existing pig iron plant complex at Navelim. As per EIA notification, 2006 the proposed project of ductile iron pipe plant is categorized as category ‘A’, under Section- 3(a).

2.3 Need for the Project

The various demand projection studies made by different national and international institutions/organizations have estimated the demand of DI pipes increasing rapidly. The demand for DI pipes used in a large way for the transportation of water is expected to grow by 15 to 20 % year on year. Due to growth in water supply for domestic and industrial sectors, wastewater treatment, sanitation and recycling, augmentation of irrigation facilities, rapid urbanization have triggered unprecedented demand of ductile iron pipes. The benefits of DI pipes in particular are:

 Economic growth;  Demand for water;  Urbanization ;  Improvement in water supply and sanitation coverage;  Awareness on safety and hygiene ;  Investment by the Central and State Governments in water and sanitation schemes;  Inter-linking of rivers; and  Export potential.

2.4 Size/Magnitude of Operation

The proposed production capacity of 0.3 MTPA (300 KTPA) DI pipes will be carried out within the existing plant premises. Hence, no additional land is required. The site is located at Navelim village, Bicholim taluka, North Goa district, Goa. The project location is shown in Figure-1.2 of Chapter-1.

2.5 Salient Features

The salient features of the proposed project are given in Table-2.1.

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C2-1 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-2 Project Description

TABLE-2.1 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT

Sr. No. Particulars Details 1 Production of ductile iron spun 300 KTPA (Product diversification of hot metal/pig iron pipes into ductile iron pipes) 2 DI pipes having a size range DN 80 mm to DN 1200 mm 3 Land area 20 acres (within the plant premises) 4 Water requirement & source Total water requirement: Make up water requirement : 960 m3/day Source : Bandhara dam which is about 10 km away from the plant/ rainwater harvested in the company's mine site 5 Power requirement & source 12 MW-captive power generation 6 Manpower Direct: 400 nos. Indirect: 300 nos. 7 Capital project cost Rs.550 crores Source: Vedanta Limited

2.6 Land Requirement

The land for DI plant will be of about 20 acres (8 ha) within the existing pig iron plant area. Out of 104 ha of land of existing pig iron plant, 33 ha of land has been already developed as greenbelt. The details of land break-up are given in Table- 2.2. TABLE-2.2 LAND USE BREAK-UP

Sr. Particulars Phase-I Phase-II Total Area No. (Area in ha) (Area in ha) in ha 1 Plant, Machinery & Building (Existing) 08 08 16 2 Roads, drains, stockyards of finished goods 19 15 34 and raw materials and other open areas (Existing) 3 Proposed DI pipe plant 8 - 8 4 Green Belt 33 - 33 5 Area for future Expansion 13 - 13 Total Area 81 23 104 Source: Vedanta Limited

2.7 Plant Layout

The layout map of proposed unit of DI pipe & layout map demarcating industrial area are shown in Figure-2.1(A) & Figure-2.1(B). The photographs of proposed DI pipe plant & existing pig iron plant are shown in Figure-2.2(A) and Figure-2.2(B).

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C2-2 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-2 Project Description

FIGURE-2.1(A) LAYOUT MAP OF PROPOSED DI PIPE PLANT

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C2-3 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-2 Project Description

FIGURE-2.1(B) LAYOUT MAP DEMARCATING INDUSTRIAL AREA

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C2-4 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-2 Project Description

FIGURE-2.2(A) PROPOSED DUCTILE IRON PLANT SITE PHOTOGRAPHS

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C2-5 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-2 Project Description

FIGURE-2.2(B) PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING EXISTING PLANT FACILITIES

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C2-6 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-2 Project Description

2.8 Process Description

2.8.1 Manufacturing Process

The manufacturing process of DI pipe is a continuous sequential process involving several sub-processes. The process starts with receipt of hot metal from blast furnace, desulphurization, scrap charging and super heating of molten metal in induction furnace, pipes are centrifugally cast using molten metal, heat treatment follows in annealing furnace to give ductility to the pipes cast, lining and coatings are carried out to manufacture finished pipes. A schematic process flow diagram is given in Figure-2.3.

Desulphurization

Sulphur content in the molten metal from mini blast furnace (MBF) is reduced to a level of 0.02 % as low sulphur level is a prerequisite for magnesium treatment.

Raw Materials Storage Yard

This yard will be provided for storing of steel scrap and rejected pipes. For unloading and loading purposes gantry cranes will be provided. These will be equipped with magnet/grab bucket for handling of scrap. The storage capacity of the yard will be around 750 t.

Holding Induction Furnace

The electric induction furnace is a type of melting furnace that uses electric current to melt metal. The furnace consists of a non-conductive crucible holding the charge of metal to be melted, surrounded by a coil of copper wire. Desulphurized molten metal is poured in the induction furnace. Scrap and ferro alloys are added to arrive at the required chemical composition. Metal is superheated to the desired pouring temperature in a collecting vessel to facilitate the production of large DI pipes in larger quantities. The heat that builds up in the coil is constantly cooled with circulating water. The skimming device will be used to remove slag from the surface of the bath in holding induction furnaces. It makes it possible to obtain a high degree of purity of the melt prior to the respective casting. The functions of the holding furnace are as follows:

o To ensure the continuous availability of hot metal to for downstream casting of pipes in centrifugal casting machines; and o To equalize the variations in metal temperature and composition of hot metal received from blast furnace.

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C2-7 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-2 Project Description

FIGURE-2.3 PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C2-8 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-2 Project Description

Inoculation

Inoculation is small amount of material which is added into the molten metal before magnesium treatment. Inoculation mainly contains silica of about 45-75 % and some amount of calcium and aluminium. Addition of inoculants will avoid formation of hard carbides (cementite), reduces the hardness and reduces the solidification shrinkage tendency.

Magnesium Treatment

The magnesium treatment is given to the molten metal once it attains the required base chemical composition to meet the required grade of ductile iron.

Magnesium is introduced in the molten metal to change the shape of the graphite after solidification. Magnesium converts the flake shaped graphite to a nodular shape. The nodular shape of graphite leads to better mechanical properties of ductile iron. Slag is removed before casting.

Centrifugal Casting

Pipes are cast by continuously pouring liquid metal in rotating, water-cooled, metallic moulds fitted in the spinning machine. Metal is poured at a fixed rate from the holding hopper on to the rotating moulds.

Pipes get their extended hollow cylindrical shape through simultaneous rotation to the moulds and downward traverse movement of the spinning machine. Appropriate addition of inoculants is made to get the correct micro-structure and good surface finish of pipes.

During pouring of the molten iron and for a predetermined time thereafter, the external wall of the mould is cooled to prevent damage to the mould and to extract heat of fusion from the molten metal. This cooling is accomplished either by directing a spray or multiple streams of water onto the external surface of the mould or by submerging the mould in a cooling water bath. In either case, the mould must be cooled uniformly to avoid damage to the pipe being cast and to prevent excessive distortion of the mould.

Annealing Furnace

The DI pipes cast in water chilled mould from the centrifugal machine are sent to annealing furnace by the charging system. Pipes are heat treated in an annealing furnace to attain mechanical properties stipulated by standards. Each pipe is subjected to annealing process to dissolve cementite and formation of ferrite in the matrix. This results in the attainment of desired mechanical properties. Annealing is the process which eliminates cementite, pearlite during pipe’s casting and transfers the base metal into ferrite through heating, holding, fast cooling and slow cooling so that the mechanical properties of ductile iron pipes meet BIS/ISO standards. Average capacity of annealing furnace will be 40 TPH & the average output of the furnace is 180-200 nos. of pipes of assorted diameters between 80-400 mm with 70-90 min cycle time.

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C2-9 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-2 Project Description

Protective Coatings

Protective coatings are applied to all pipes in accordance with BIS: 8329:2000, ISO 81791- and with EN545 as per requirements. The entire pipe is painted inside and the outside.

When subjected to corrosion, the nodular graphite of ductile iron pipes forms corrosion by products that adhere firmly to the unattached metal, which provides a barrier against further corrosion.

For external coating, polyethylene, zinc or bituminous coating is applied. A variety of internal linings are available to reduce or eliminate corrosion, such as cement mortar and Polyurethane (PUR). Where cement mortar is more common in manufacturing ductile iron pipes. Use of cement lining of the pipe avoids tuberculation by creating a high pH at the pipe wall and ultimately by providing a physical barrier to the flow water to contact with the pipe wall.

Tri Grinding (Cutting/Fettling/Edge Grinding)

Cutting, grinding and edging machine is necessary equipment in the finishing line. The heat treated pipes are then subjected to internal grinding, chamfering prior to the hydraulic pressure testing for each pipe. This includes cutting the spigot end to give a square end for socket location. Tri-grinding machine sets is used for cleaning the socket, spigot and inner wall of the pipe.

Hydrostatic Testing

Hydraulic pressure testing is one of key process in ductile iron pipe production line, which can make hydraulic pressure inspections as per relevant standard on ductile cast iron pipes, each pipe has to be hydraulically tested. Pipes are filled with water until they are full and are then pressurized to a predetermined value of pressure for a fixed duration of time. The DI pipes after successful hydraulic testing are to be lined with cement mortar inside to achieve smooth and uniform surface of lining of required thickness.

Marketing & Stencilling

Name and logo of the manufacturer, year of manufacture, class of pipe, quality certificate number are marked on the external surface of the pipes using stencils. Some of those marked information are requirements of the applicable standards.

Storage, Packing & Despatch

Finished pipes are stored in the stockyard in stacks normally in three ways, viz., square stacks, pyramidal stacks and parallel stacks. Pipes of less than DN 400 mm size are normally bundled after putting wooden bars between pipe layers for the purpose of separating. Pipes are dispatched in trucks and trailers.

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C2-10 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-2 Project Description

Support Processes

Socket Core Making

Sand core is needed to give the internal profile of socket during casting. One core is required to manufacture one pipe as the core gets burnt in the production process. Sand and binders are used in the ore shooting machines to manufacture cores.

Mould Maintenance

Mould maintenance involves three activities, viz., grinding, peening and welding. Grinding removes heat cracks on moulds which appear during casting of pipes. Peening makes the moulds internal surface rough to get desired external surface of pipes. Welding is used to repair deep heat cracks on moulds which grinding cannot remove. To remove the rust in the internal surface of a mold, it will be grounded with sand wheel before its dotted with peening head to increase its crack resistance.

Main Plant & Equipment

The proposed DI plant will have a capacity to produce 2x150 KTPA (300 KTPA) of DI pipes having a size range of DN 80 to DN 1200 mm.

Manufacturing Facilities

The plant will comprise the following main plant, machineries and facilities as given in Table-2.3. TABLE-2.3 MANUFACTURING FACILITIES

Sr. No Manufacturing Facilities Details 1 Liquid metal holding mixer 150 t x 1 no. (Optional) 2 Induction furnace 20 t x 5 crucibles (Dual track type) 3 Magnesium converter 5 t x 2 nos 4 Casting machines Total 5 nos.  DN 100 – 300 mm: 2 nos.  DN 350 – 800 mm: 2 nos.  DN 800 – 1200 mm: 1 no. 5 Annealing furnace 58 m long, 40 tph : 1 no. 6 Core making equipment 7 Mould maintenance equipment 8 Inspection & QC equipment 9 Finishing lines 2 no. (Duplex station)  DN 100 - 400 mm  DN 450-1200 mm 10 Coating line 2 no. (Duplex station)  DN 80-400 mm  DN 450 – 1200 mm 11 Hoisting & handling equipment (EOT cranes, electric hoist, chain pulley blocks) 12 Transfer cars 13 DM Plant for soft water 14 Water cooling recirculation system (Circulating pumps, cooling tower, pipes, valves & fittings) 15 Drinking water & fire fighting Source: Techno Economic Feasibility Report Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C2-11 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-2 Project Description

2.9 Requirement of Raw Materials & Consumables

The details of the annual requirement of raw material for DI pipe production of 3,00,000 tonnes per annum is given in Table-2.4.

TABLE-2.4 ANNUAL RAW MATERIAL REQUIREMENT

Sr. No. Raw Material Total Requirement, t/year 1 Hot metal 3,24,900 2 Scrap/pipe rejects 32,100 3 Ferro silicon 3000 4 Zinc 520 5 Bitumen coal tar 640 6 Magnesium 400 7 Sand for core making 16,000 8 Graphite powder 200 9 Binder 400 10 Catalyst 80 11 BF gas 1,70,000 12 Cement 8,800 13 Calcium carbide 3000 14 Sand for lining 50,000 Source: Techno Economic Feasibility Report

Fuel

During start up and heating, LPG will be used. For regular operations, BF gas shall be used as the fuel for ignition. The caloric value of the BF gas shall be about 3.347 MJ/m3 (800 Kcal/m3). The BF gas with a pressure of 5000 Pa at the takeover point shall be sent to the DI pipe plants through pipeline.

2.9.1 Specific Consumption of Raw Materials and Fuel on Dry Basis

The specific consumption of raw material and fuel for rated capacity of production of DI pipes are given in Table-2.5.

TABLE-2.5 SPECIFIC CONSUMPTION OF RAW MATERIAL & UTILITIES

Sr. No. Raw Material Quantity 1 Hot metal 1083.0 kg/t 2 MS scrap 100-130 kg/t 3 Ferro silicon 10 kg/t 4 Zinc wire/zinc 1.73 kg/t 5 Bitumen coal tar 2.15 kg/t 6 Magnesium 1.3-1.4 kg/t 7 Sand for core making 55 kg/t 8 Graphite powder 0.67 kg/t 9 Binder 1.3-1.4 kg/t 10 Catalyst 0.27 kg/t 11 BF gas 500-600 nm3/t 12 Cement 30 kg/t 13 Calcium carbide 14-15 kg/t 14 Sand for lining 130-165 kg/t 15 Utilities - power 350.0 kwh/t 16 Utilities - water - make Up 960 m3/day 17 Compressed air 70 m3/t Source: Techno Economic Feasibility Report Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C2-12 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-2 Project Description

2.9.2 Sources of Raw Materials

The sources of major raw materials for the project are given in Table-2.6.

TABLE-2.6 SOURCES OF RAW MATERIALS

Sr. No. Raw Material Composition % Supply Source 1 Hot metal C : 3.2 – 3.6 From in house production Si : 2.2 – 2.8 Mn : 0.60(Max) P : <0.08 S : <0.02 2 Mild steel / C : 0.25 (Max) From in house return pipe Si : 0.20 rejects Mn : 0.30 (Max) P : 0.04 S : 0.04 Return Reject Pipe 3 Ferro silicon C : 0.10(Max) Maharashtra Electrosmelt Si : 70-75 Limited/Others P : 0.05 Fe : 20-25 (Max) 4 Zn wire Zn : 99.9% PME, France / Hindustan Wire diameter Zinc 3.0 mm + 0.05 mm 5 Bitumen coal Specific gravity :1.12-1.16 Shalimar Tar Products Ltd, tar C : 88% Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. H : 7.5% S : 0.9% Moisture : 3%(Max) Tar acids : 15% (Max) Toluene Insoluble: 3.5(Max) Alkali metals: 15 %(Max) 6 Cement 1.Portland cement ACC / Birla / Ultratech Cement 2.Blast furnace slag cement 3. High alumina Cement 7 Magnesium Fe-Si-Mg(5-10%) Minex, Snam Alloys 8 Sand for core Local market making 9 Binder /catalyst Foseco/Imported 10 Graphite powder Karnataka 11 Calcium carbide Karnataka Source: Techno Economic Feasibility Report

Raw Material Handling and Transportation

The raw materials such as iron scrap, magnesium oxide dust, waste core sand, zinc, waste oil, cement and sand transported through the road. The trucks will be checked regularly to maintain pollution under control. DI pipes will be transported by road or/and then through Marmugoa Port Trust (MPT).

Material Balance

The material balance has been estimated for DI plant and is given in Table-2.7.

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C2-13 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-2 Project Description

TABLE-2.7 MATERIAL BALANCE FOR 0.3 MTPA DI PIPE PLANT

Input % t/h Output % t/h Hot metal 91.3 41.16 Melting skull/slag 7.14 3.22 Scrap/pipe rejects 6.53 2.94 Rejections 6.53 2.93 Other ferrous inputs 2.17 0.98 Other losses 2.04 0.93 Total (To casting 100 45.08 Finished pipe 84.29 38.0 machine) Total 100 45.08 Source: Techno Economic Feasibility Report

2.10 Water Requirement

Process water losses will be compensated by adding make up water. The make up water requirement will be approximately 960 m3/day. Total water requirement will be met from existing water supply network of M/s Vedanta Limited. The permission to draw water upto 6000 m3/day from Bandhara dam at river Valvonti has already been granted by WRD-Goa Government. Agreement of water supply for existing plant from Water Resource Department, Goa was obtained and is enclosed as Annexure-IX. The water requirement for different processes is given in Table-2.8. TABLE-2.8 WATER REQUIREMENT

Sr. No. Unit Circulating Water Make up Water Requirement (m3/hr) (m3/hr) 1 Induction 600 4 Furnace 2 Casting 1000 10 3 Annealing furnace & boiler 400 6 4 HPTM 180 2 5 Cement lining 96 2 6 Zinc coating 60 1 7 Curing 20 2 8 Hydraulics 10 1 9 Gardening and road sprinkling 0 12 Total m3/hr 2,366 40 Source: Techno Economic Feasibility Report

Water Supply Facilities

Pipe making is a heat intensive process wherein a considerable quantity of cooling water is required for control of metallurgical processes as well as for dissipation of unutilized heat. In order to conserve precious fresh water demand, closed circuit water re-circulation systems have been planned as far as possible in order to effect extensive recycling and reuse of return water from plant processes. Industrial quality clarified water will be used in most of the cases except induction furnaces where DM water will be required. Cooling towers will be provided for cooling industrial hot re-circulating water. Process water losses will be compensated by adding make-up water.

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C2-14 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-2 Project Description

Water Recirculation System

The water recirculation systems will comprise the following main units:

 Pump house and sumps;  Circulating water pumps & electrics;  Interconnecting piping;  Cooling tower; and  Emergency overhead tank for induction furnace.

Make Up Water System

The complete make up water requirement will be around 40 m3/hr will be supplied from existing network of M/s Vedanta Limited.

DM Water Plant

DM plant will be installed for supply of soft DM water to induction furnaces. Emergency overhead tank will be provided for meeting emergency water requirement of the induction furnaces.

Drinking Water System

Drinking water line will be tapped from existing network of M/s. Vedanta Limited by DN 80 mm pipe. The water will be stored in drinking water storage tank and will be supplied to various consumers by means of drinking water piping network.

Fire Fighting Water System

The fire fighting water network will be provided with adequate number of yard hydrants and in-shop landing valves to combat fire hazards in the plant. The piping network will be provided complete with pumps, pipelines, valves, hydrants and fittings.

Drainage Pump

Pump house will be provided with one vertical drainage sump pump for automatic drainage purposes in the event of flooding of pipe plant. Drainage pumps will also be installed in the screen building for drainage of water.

2.11 Power Requirement

DI pipe plant will require about 12 MW of power to operate the electric/induction furnaces, casting machines and other equipment. Required power will be sourced internally from 63 MW heat recovery power plant. The average energy requirement per ton of DI pipe production is given in Table-2.9. The flow chart of energy requirement is given in Figure-2.4.

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C2-15 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-2 Project Description

TABLE-2.9 AVERAGE ENERGY REQUIREMENT

Per ton of DI pipe Sr. Output (kWh) No Consumer Power Consumed Percent(%) 1 Holding/Melting furnace & converter 208.60 59.60 2 Casting 14.00 4.00 3 Annealing 14.00 4.00 4 Moulding 12.95 3.70 5 Core making 2.63 0.75 6 Zinc coating 6.13 1.75 7 Cement coat 3.15 0.90 8 Finishing operations 3.12 0.89 9 Pump house 16.59 4.74 10 Compressor 41.80 11.95 11 Hoisting & handling 2.10 0.60 12 Admin office lab stores 0.60 0.17 13 Illumination shop, area lighting, utilities 21.00 6.00 14 Dedusting 3.33 0.95 350.00 100.00% Source: Techno Economic Feasibility Report

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C2-16 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-2 Project Description

FIGURE-2.4 ENERGY REQUIREMENT

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C2-17 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-2 Project Description

2.12 Infrastructure Facilities

DI pipe plant will utilize the infrastructure facilities available in the hot metal plant (to reduce the infrastructure and manpower cost), like:

 Common store – from where the daily requirement of essential material will be supplied;  Guest house;  Staff and workmen transport system;  HR and personal department;  Purchase, accounts, MIS, IT & safety department;  Administrative building, medical unit etc; and  Rest room.

2.13 Manpower

The proposed project will generate direct employment of about 400 manpower including contract labour. It will provide new opportunities for local people also resulting in indirect employment for more than 300 manpower. Training programs will be set up for the development of local community as per the work requirement.

Facilities for Labour Force

During construction phase of the project, workers need to be deployed. The contractor will provide temporary shelter, drinking water, food arrangement, sanitation and rest room facilities.

2.14 Sources of Pollution and its Mitigation Measures

The various types of pollution from the proposed project are categorized under the following types:

 Air pollution;  Water pollution;  Pollution emanating due to solid waste; and  Noise pollution.

2.14.1 Air Pollution

The sources of air pollution and its mitigation measures are given in Table-2.10.

TABLE-2.10 SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION AND ITS MITIGATION MEASURES

Sr. No. Source Type of Emissions Mitigation Measures 1 DI plant  Holding induction furnace Emission of dust and Appropriate furnace hood system to metallic fumes capture furnace dust, cover extraction for induction furnace to reduce fugitive emissions and fume extraction system. Magnesium treatment Particulate matter  Bag filter

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C2-18 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-2 Project Description

Sr. No. Source Type of Emissions Mitigation Measures Zinc coating machine Particulate matter Use of dust control technologies, typically including installation of bag filters to control emissions from melting processes. Barrel grinding and Particulate matter  Cyclone separator and bag filter. dusting Annealing Particulate matter, Annealing furnace will be provided SO2 and NOx with minimum chimney height of 50 m to control SO2, NOx.

Hot flue gases from annealing furnace will be discharged through chimney as per GSPCB norms. Core Shop & socket Particulate matter Bag filter to keep PM within the cleaning, Trigrinding limits with minimum chimney height of 30 m.

Operation of D.G sets PM, SO2, NOx Adequate stack height will be provided. 2 Construction activities: Fugitive dust Sprinkling of water will be done During the levelling, continuously on the site and grading, earthworks, periodically on the roads where foundation works and vehicle movement is more. other construction related activities 3 Exhaust emissions from Marginal increase in Greenbelt development, emissions vehicles and equipment the levels of NOx, PM, from diesel vehicles in use will be CO checked on monthly basis and brought to the required levels of emission standards.

2.14.2 Water Pollution Control Measures

Extensive recycling has been adopted in the design of plant water systems. Quality of circulating water will be maintained through dosing of conditioning chemicals for controlling corrosion, scale deposit and microbial growth. Waste water from effluent treatment plant (ETP) will be neutralized before discharge from the plant. Through cascaded reuse of blow down, the water scheme ensures minimization of wastewater discharge from the industrial water circuits.

2.14.3 Solid Waste Management

The municipal waste will be given to authorized agencies for suitable disposal. Organic waste will be used as organic manure in the green areas. Waste oil, used oil and other hazardous wastes will be safely stored in drums/tanks/covered shed and sold to authorized recyclers. The details of waste generation and management are given in Table-2.11.

TABLE-2.11 WASTE GENERATION & DISPOSAL

Sr. No. Waste Generation Proposed (TPA) Disposal Scheme 1 Iron scrap 25,000 Will be reused in induction furnace 2 Slag 3000 Used for road laying 3 Waste core sand 15000 Construction fill/road bases/ land fill Hazardous Waste 4 Zinc dust 60 Sold to authorized agents Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C2-19 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-2 Project Description

Sr. No. Waste Generation Proposed (TPA) Disposal Scheme 5 Used oil 2000 Sold to authorized agents Magnesium oxide 20 Re-used in the plant 6 waste

2.14.4 Noise Pollution Control Measures

The major sources of noise generation from the proposed plant are installations and external transport movements. The major noise generating areas are compressor house, mould shop and finishing area (cement lining, grinding etc).

All rotary equipment like fans, blowers, pumps & compressors would be of low noise design. The grouting of this equipment will be made free from vibrations. The work zone noise exposure of the operating personnel would be avoided by remote operation from the control rooms. The adequate noise control measures will be adopted and work zone noise levels will be controlled to less than 85 dB(A).

Various measures proposed to reduce the noise pollution include reduction of noise at source, provision of acoustic lagging for the equipment and suction side silencers, selection of low noise equipment, isolation of noisy equipment from working personnel. Personnel working in noise generation areas will be provided with ear muffler.

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C2-20 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

3.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS

This chapter illustrates the description of the existing environmental status of the study area with reference to the prominent environmental attributes. The study area covers 10 km radius around the project boundary. The existing environmental setting is considered to adjudge the baseline environmental conditions, which are described with respect to climate, hydrogeological aspects, atmospheric conditions, water quality, soil quality, vegetation pattern, ecology, land use and socio-economic profiles of people.

This report incorporates the baseline data monitored for three months from 1st March 2016 to 31st May 2016, representing pre monsoon season of 2016. In addition, as TOR stipulated by EAC, additional baseline data was collected for one month i.e June 2016. Secondary data was collected from various Government and Semi-Government organizations.

3.1 Geology and Hydrogeology

3.1.1 Physiography

Physiographically, North Goa district can be broadly divided into four distinct morphological units from west to east namely:

 Coastal plain with marine land forms on the west;  Vast stretch of plains adjoining the coastal plain;  Low dissected denudational hills & tablelands towards the east; and  Deeply dissected high Western Ghats denudational hills along the eastern most part of the district.

3.1.2 Drainage

Principal perennial rivers draining through the district are Terekhol, Chapora, Mandovi & Zuari and non–perennial (seasonal) river Baga. The river basin of all these westerly flowing short rivers originate from Western Ghats and drain in the Arabian sea in the west under estuarine environment. Primarily the underlying rocks govern the drainage system in the area. The drainage pattern is generally dendritic type. The major river Zuari follows the major NW synclinal axis. The river valleys are ‘V’ shaped in the western high hill ranges, but broadens in central midlands and become ‘U’ shaped in the low lands and coastal plains. The drainage map of study area is given in Figure-3.1.1.

3.1.3 Soils

Soils of the district can be classified into 3 types namely (i) Laterite soil (ii) Saline soil and (iii) Alluvial soil.

(i) Lateritic soil is the major soil type in the district. It is highly porous & permeable, slightly acidic with low pH values, low in organic matter, calcium and phosphorus;

(ii) Saline soil in the district occurs in the flood plains of Zuari and Mandovi rivers in Tiswadi, Bardez and Ponda taluks. It also occurs in Pernem taluk. The soil is VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-1 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

deep, poorly drained and less permeable. It is saline, high in pH and contains humus and organic matter; and

(iii) Alluvial soil occurs as very thin strip along the coastline towards western part of the district. It is reddish brown to yellowish, coarse grained and confined to narrow valleys of rivers. It is well drained, acidic with low pH and organic content.

3.1.4 Geology

North Goa district is dominantly covered by the formation of Goa group belonging to dharwar super group of archaean to proterozoic age. Deccan trap of upper cretaceous occupies a narrow strip along the north-eastern corner to Lower Eocene age.

The Goa group comprises of metamorphic rocks of green schist facies, and is divided into Barcem, Sanvordem, Bicholim and Vageri formation in the ascending order of superposition. The Goa group of rocks has been intruded by granite gneiss, feldspathic gneiss, hornblende gneiss and porphyritic granite, followed by basic intrusive.

During the sub–recent and recent times, the rocks have been subjected to lateritisation of varying thickness. Thus, laterite occurs extensively covering almost all the formations in north Goa district.

Coastal alluvium occurring along the coastal plains consists of fine to coarse sands with intercalations of sandy loam, silt and clay. The stratigraphy of North Goa district is given in Table-3.1.1

 Structural Geology

The Goa group of rocks is disposed in a general NW–SE direction. The rock types indicate three cycles of folding. The straight coastline suggests the major fault along the west coast. Associated with this fault a number of weak planes have developed. Along these weak planes Terekhol, Chapora, Mandovi and Zuari rivers flow to meet the Arabian sea. Western Ghats, which extends in NS to NNW–SSE direction represent a prominent fault zone. Even though the rock types of Goa group have suffered considerable faulting, all the faults are not exposed on surface owing to the extensive cover of laterite.

TABLE-3.1.1 STRATIGRAPHY OF NORTH GOA DISTRICT

Age Group Formation Rock Type Quaternary Beach Sand Cenozoic Laterites Upper Cretaceous to Deccan Trap Basalt Eocene Clospet Granite Granite Lower Proterozoic Peridotite, Gabbro, Pyroxenite, Peridotite, Norite Serpentinite, Gabbro Vageri Formation Carbonate-quartz-chlorite schist with Greywacke Dolomitic limestone

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-2 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

Age Group Formation Rock Type Quartz-Sericite schist Banded iron formation Bicholim Formation Chert and quartzite Quartz-chlorite-biotite schist Archaean to Lower Goa Group with layers of chert, iron Proterozoic oxide, carbonate, metabasalt and meta gabbro Sanvordem Greywacke with Formation conglomerate Quartzite Quartz-chlorite schist Barcem Formation Meta-acid volcanics Meta-basalt Orthoquartzite Archaean Peninsular Granite Gneiss, Migmatites Gneissic and Granites complex Source: Ground Water Information Booklet, North Goa Dist, March-2013.

3.1.5 Hydrogeology

The hydrogeological studies are to understand the local geology, geomorphic features, drainage network, aquifer characteristics and yield of water. Accordingly various components controlling the hydrogeological regime of the study area. The hydrogeology map of north Goa district is given in Figure-3.1.2.

 Nature of Occurrence of Ground Water

Ground water systems are result of the complex combination of different lithological and structural types within an area that together constitute an aquifer within which ground water accumulates and moves. Rather than describing individual lithologies and their tendencies to form aquifers or otherwise, it is useful to describe the ground water as one continuous across various lithological types (Kulkarni and Deolankar, 1995).

Occurrence and movement of ground water depends upon the type of rock formation, structure, topography, rainfall, recharge etc. Ground water in the district occurs in rocks having primary porosity & permeability or in those having secondary porosity acquired due to weathering, leaking, tectonics, solutions etc.

Ground water bearing formations in the district are laterite, alluvium, granite, metavolcanics and metasedimentaries.

 Occurrence of Ground Water and Aquifer Characteristics of Various Formations

 Laterites

Laterites are the important water bearing formations. Laterites are of two types, viz. insitu, occurring in plateau areas or of detrital origin generally occupying valley portions. Besides inherent porosity, the laterites are highly jointed and fractured, which control their water bearing capacity. The topographic settings of laterites control its ground water potential. The thickness of laterites extends up to 30 m. Ground water occurs under water table condition in lateritic formation. In the plateau area and high grounds, depth of wells range from 9.40 to 26.60 m

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bgl and depth to water level varies between 8.20–21.90 m bgl, whereas wells located in topographic lows range in depth from 3.10–11.95 m bgl and depth to water level varies from 1.5–8.40 m bgl. Specific capacities varies between 1.73 to 3205 m3/day/m promising ground water bearing areas are located near Malpen and Tuem in Pernem taluk, Advalpal and Mayem in Bicholim Taluk.

 Alluvium

Alluvium constitutes good aquifers and is restricted to banks of rivers, viz. Zuari and Mandovi. Thickness of the coastal alluvium varies from 5–22 m and comprise of fine to coarse sand with intercalations of sandy loam, silt and clay. Depth range of 1.42 to 7.7 m bgl is being tapped by dug wells. Exploratory tube wells constructed in alluvium vary in depth from 15.50–22 m. Depth to water level in these formations varies from 1.4 to 5.85 m bgl. The discharges recorded from these aquifers are between 1.88–3 lps. Specific capacities vary between 27.10 & 200.78 m3/day/m and transmissivity varies from 25.44–177.50 m2/ day.

 Granite

Ground water occurs under unconfined, semi–confined and confined conditions in weathered and fractured zones of granite and granite gneiss. Depth to water level in these formations in open wells varies from 3.8 to 6.25 m bgl and specific capacities between 14.4 to 77.30 m3/day/m. Exploratory bore holes drilled in granite are in the depth range of 70.70 to 124 m bgl. Discharge recorded is between 0.77 to 8.8 lps. Specific capacities in exploratory wells recorded vary from 2.27 to 43 m3/day/m and transmissivity from 0.87 to 34.60 m2/day.

 Metavolcanics

In unaltered state, metavolcanics are very poor in ground water. However, ground water is found to occur in zones having secondary porosity and permeability imparted due to weathering, joints and fractures. Ground water occurs both under water table and confined conditions. Water bearing zones extend up to depth of 40 to 100 m.

Irrigation dug wells having diameter from 2.2 to 6.1 m are found to tap the weathered zone up to 9.25 m bgl. Depth to water level in dug wells varies from 1.48 to 6.26 m bgl. Specific capacity varies from 10.60 to 228.70 m3/day/m.

Exploratory wells and peizometric bore wells and deposit wells drilled by CGWB in this formation range in depth from 37.20 to 200.75 m bgl and the discharges recorded range from 0.18 to 25 lps. Productive zones were encountered even up to 119 m bgl. Specific capacities recorded from boreholes tested varied from 0.46 to 988.47 m3/day/m and transmissivity varied from 0.25 to 346.10 m2/day.

Studies have indicated that bore holes drilled in metavolcanics with thick lateritic cover in the plateau areas and close to lineaments have yields ranging from 2 to 5 lps.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-4 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

FIGURE-3.1.1 DRAINAGE MAP VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-5 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

Project Site

FIGURE-3.1.2 HYDROGEOLOGICAL MAP OF NORTH GOA DISTRICT VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-6 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

 Metasedimentaries

Metasedimentaries comprise shales, phyllites, schists, metagreywackes, argillites and quartzites. The irrigation dug wells tapping weathered zones extending from 8.5 to 19.85 m bgl in these rock units with varying well diameters from 2.2 to 6.1 m. Depth to water level during post and pre–monsoon periods are recorded respectively in the range between 0.48 to 12.06 m bgl and 1.79 to 14.88 m bgl with fluctuations between 0.86 to 8.0 m. Specific capacities vary from 0.85 to 82.80 m3/day/m.

 Depth to Water Level

The Central Ground Water Board has established 27 hydrograph stations. These hydrograph stations are measured four times a year, each year i.e. in January, May, August and November. Depth to water level varies within the area depending on the hydrogeological setup, incidence of rainfall, topographic setting and stage of groundwater development.

 Pre-Monsoon of 2011

The depth to water level ranged from 1.69 to 26.09 m bgl. A map showing the depth to water level in the range of <2, 2 to 5, 5 to 10 and 10 to 20 m bgl is given in Figure-3.1.3. The map shows water level is in the range of 2 to 20 m bgl. Water level depicted in the range of <2–2 m bgl occur in small pockets of Tiswadi and Bardez taluks, 2–5 m bgl occur in major portions of the area in Tiswadi, Bardez, Pernem and Sattari taluks, 5–10 m bgl occur in Bicholim, Ponda, Tiswadi taluks. Water level in the range of 10–20 m bgl occurs as a small pocket in Bicholim and Ponda taluk.

 Post-Monsoon of 2011

The depth to water level ranged from 2.17 m to 19.23 m bgl. A map showing the depth to water level in the range of <2, 2 to 5, 5 m to 10 m and 10 m to 20 m bgl is given in Figure-3.1.4. The map shows water level is in the range of 2 to 20 m bgl.Water level depicted in the range of <2–2 m bgl occur in small pockets of Tiswadi, Permem and Bardez taluks, 2–5 m bgl occur in major portions of the area in Tiswadi taluk, 5–10 m bgl occur in Bicholim, Ponda, Tiswadi, Bardex and Pernem taluks. Water level in the range of 10–20 m bgl occurs as a small pocket in Bicholim and Ponda taluk.

 Seasonal Ground Water Level Fluctuation

Water levels from 23 stations were compared to know the change in water level between pre-monsoon and post monsoon of 2011. While 20 stations recorded rise in water levels 3 stations recorded fall in water level.

 Long–term Water Level Trend

Ground water is a renewable resource it gets depleted when the aquifer is over drafted. The aquifer gets recharged during monsoon period. Rainfall is the main source of recharge to ground water. In order to study the long-term trends of ground water level in the district, water level data has been analyzed for NHS VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-7 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

observation wells for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon established by Central Ground Water Board, for the periods from 2001-2010. Taluka wise long-term water level trend data of North Goa district is presented in Table-3.1.2.

TABLE-3.1.2 TALUKA WISE LONG TERM WATER LEVEL TREND OF NORTH GOA DISTRICT

Sr. Name of Range of long-term water level trend m/year No the Taluk Pre-monsoon Post- monsoon Fall Rise Fall Rise 1 Bardez 0.0-0.0 0.292-3.580 0.0-0.12 0.13-1.86 2 Bicholim 0.320-7.509 0.0-0.426 0.0-0.16 0.65-3.50 3 Pernem 0.255-1.590 0.414-1.590 0.04-1.49 0.0-0.67 4 Ponda 0.0-0.285 0.0-0.280 0.0-0.26 0.0-0.0 5 Sattari 0.281-1.341 0.281-1.195 0.19-0.22 0.06-1.26 6 Tiswadi 0.0-0.0 0.258-1.984 0.0-0.06 0.03-2.24 Source: CGWB report of North Goa-March, 2013

 Aquifer System Encountered in the District

Underground water exploration programme of CGWB, in North Goa district, attempt has been made to study aquifer geometry & parameters through drilling of exploratory bore wells. The selection of sites of all such bore wells was done based on detailed hydrogeological investigations and geophysical surveys.

The major aquifers encountered in the district during exploratory drilling are in granite, granite gneiss, metabasalts, metasedimentaries and alluvium. Formation wise aquifer parameters recorded during exploratory drilling in the district is illustrated in Table-3.1.3. TABLE-3.1.3 FORMATION WISE AQUIFER PARAMETERS IN NORTH GOA DISTRICT

Sr. Formation/ Yield Drawdown Sp. Capacity Transmissivity No Aquifers (lps) (m) (m3/d/m) (m2/day) 1 Granites & 0.34–8.8 17.68–34.61 0.27–43.00 0.2–30.6 Gneisses 2 Metabasalts 0.18–9.9 1.9–33.78 0.46–141.20 0.2–232 3 Metasedimentaries 0.22–10 1.32–34.40 0.47–159.60 0.12–346 4 Alluvium 1.8–2.5 0.87–9.1 27-200 21-1776 Source: CGWB report of North Goa-March, 2013

3.1.6 Ground Water Resources

 Ground Water Recharge

The main source of ground water recharge is by the rainfall by direct percolation to the zone of saturation. A significant part of the rainfall is lost as runoff from area while a limited percentage of rainfall therefore reaches zone of saturation and becomes the part of ground water storage after meeting the evaporation and evapo-transpiration losses. There is also ground water recharge from the return flow of irrigation water from dug wells and tube wells operated by the cultivators and from canals.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-8 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

Project site

FIGURE-3.1.3 DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL PRE MONSOON (MAY, 2011) VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-9 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

Project Site

FIGURE-3.1.4 DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL POST MONSOON (NOVEMBER, 2011)

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-10 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

The dynamic groundwater resources of North Goa district has been estimated jointly by CGWB and SWID. Govt of Goa, following the norms laid down by GEC- 1997 methodology and projected is given in Table-3.1.4 and the dynamic ground resource of Bicholim tehsil is given in Table-3.1.5.

TABLE-3.1.4 THE DYNAMIC GROUNDWATER RESOURCES OF NORTH GOA DISTRICT

Sr. No Particulars Quantity (HAM) 1 Total annual replenishable ground water resources 14257 2 Natural discharge during non-monsoon period 5703 3 Net annual ground water availability 8554 4 Total annual ground water draft 2527 5 Projected demand for domestic and industrial uses upto 2025 2166 6 Net ground water availability for future irrigation use 5610 7 Stage of ground water development (%) 30 (“SAFE”) Source: Dynamic Ground Water Resources of India-July, 2014

TABLE-3.1.5 THE DYNAMIC GROUNDWATER RESOURCES OF BICHOLIM TEHSIL

Sr. No Particulars Quantity (HAM) 1 Net ground water availability 1760.97 2 Irrigation draft 173.34 3 Domestic and industrial draft 203.85 4 Total annual ground water draft 377.19 5 Projected domestic and industrial draft 2025 252.41 6 Ground water availability for future irrigation 1335.22 7 Average stage of development (%) 21 (“SAFE”) Source: CGWB report of North Goa-March, 2013

3.1.7 Flood Zonation Details

The North Goa district had not experienced any major floods in past few years, except in 2000 at Bicholim; 2005 at Mala, Panaji and Bicholim and in 2007 also in Bicholim due to overflowing of rivulet, causing no major casualties but causing heavy damages to the properties. As far as North Goa District is concerned, there are 3 main rivers viz. Terekhol, Chapora and Mandovi, besides one minor river Baga. The river Mandovi has 10 tributaries viz. Madei, Surla, Kotrachi, Ragda, Khandepar, Kudnem, Valvanta, Bicholim, Assonora and Sinker. Bicholim and Sattari Talukas are mainly affected due to floods due to River Valvonti, whereas the other Talukas of Tiswadi, Bardez, Pernem and Ponda are flooded either due to low lying areas or due to temporary rise in water level of nearby rivulets. The flood zonation map is given in Figure 3.1.5.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-11 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

Project Site

Source: National Disaster Management Authority

FIGURE-3.1.5 FLOOD ZONATION MAP OF INDIA

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-12 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

3.2 Land Use Studies

Studies on land use aspects of eco-system play important roles for identifying sensitive issues, if any, and taking appropriate actions for maintaining the ecological balance in the development of the region.

3.2.1 Objectives

The objectives of land use studies are:

 To determine the present land use pattern;  To analyze the impacts on land use due to plant activities in the study area; and  To give recommendations for optimizing the future land use pattern vis-a-vis growth of plant activities in the study area and its associated impacts.

3.2.2 Methodology

For the study of land use, literature review of various secondary sources such as District Census Handbooks, regional maps regarding topography, zoning settlement, industry, forest etc., were taken. The data was collected from various sources like District Census Handbook, revenue records, state and central government offices and Survey of India (SOI) Topo-sheets and also through primary field surveys.

3.2.3 Land use Based on Secondary Data

Based on the census report, 10 km radial distance around the project boundary has been considered in the study. These areas were studied in detail to get the idea of land use pattern in the study area. The land use census data 2011 is presented in Table-3.2.1. The village wise land use data is presented in Annexure-X. TABLE-3.2.1 LAND USE PATTERN IN THE STUDY AREA

Sr.No Particulars of Land Use (in Hectares) 0-3 km 3-7 km 7-10 km 0-10 km (%) 1 Forest Area 1386.7 946.87 1198.48 3532.03 12.66 2 Land under Cultivation

a) Irrigation Land 403.51 243.18 650.45 1297.14 4.65 b) Un Irrigated Land 1656.8 1751.9 5831.2 9239.94 33.10 c) Land Under Miscellaneous Tree Crops etc. 65 68.94 444.74 578.68 2.07 Area 3 Area not Available for Cultivation

a)Area under Non-Agricultural Uses 579.74 359.1 1029.09 1967.93 7.05 b)Barren & Un-cultivable Land Area 701.48 694.8 473.29 1869.57 6.70 c)Permanent Pastures and Other Grazing Land 82 79.9 143.74 305.64 1.09 Area 4 Fallows Land other than Current Fallows Area 315.82 592.4 706.43 1614.65 5.78 5 Current Fallows Area 43.24 1102.3 232.94 1378.44 4.94 6 Culturable Waste Land Area 616.99 910.13 940.87 2467.99 8.84 7 Urban Area 852 481 2330 3663 13.12 Total Geographical Area 6703 7230 13981 27915 100 Source: District Census Hand Book –2011

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 Forest Land

Forest land means land of any description falling with in any area and includes unclassified forests, undemarcated forests, existing or deemed forests, protected forests, reserved forests, Sanctuaries and National parks. The revenue forest land under the study area consists 3532.03 ha (12.65%) of the total geographic area.

 Land under Cultivation

Altogether 11115.76 ha cultivable land (irrigated, un-irrigated and land under miscellaneous tree crops etc.) was observed in the study area. The irrigated land admeasures to about 1297.14 ha in the study area which works out to be 4.65% of total study area. The un-irrigated land admeasures about 9239.94 ha and works out to about 33.10% of the total study area. Land under miscellaneous tree crops area admeasures to about 578.68 ha and works out 2.07% of the total study area.

 Land not available for Cultivation

The land not available for cultivation is 14.84% of the total study area, which includes area of land with scrub, land without scrub, permanent pastures, quarry, mining area, rocky/ stony and barren area.

 Culturable Waste Land

All lands available for cultivation whether not taken up for cultivation or taken up for cultivation once but not cultivated during the current year and the last five years or more in succession for one reason or the other. Such lands may be either wholly or partly covered with shrubs and jungles, which are not put to any use. Land once cultivated but not cultivated for five years in succession are also included in this category. The study area comprises about 8.84% culturable wastelands.

 Fallow Land other than Current Fallow Land

This includes all land which was taken up for cultivation but is temporarily out of cultivation for a period of not less than one year and not more than five years. The fallows land is 5.78% in the study area.

 Current Fallows Land

This represents cropped area which is kept fallow during the current year. The current fallow land is 4.94% in the total study area.

 Urban Area

An urban area is a location characterized by high human population density and vast human-built features in comparison to the areas surrounding it. Urban areas may be cities, towns and towns or conurbations, but the term is not commonly extended to rural settlements such as villages and hamlets. The urban area under the study area consists 3663.00 ha (13.12%) of the total geographic area.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-14 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

3.2.4 Land Use Pattern based on Remote Sensing Data

Remote sensing satellite imageries were collected and interpreted for the 10 km radius study area for analyzing the land use pattern of the study area. Based on the satellite data land use/land cover maps have been prepared.

3.2.4.1Land Use/Land Cover Classification System

The present land use/land cover maps were prepared based on the classification system of National standards. For explanation for each of the land use category the details as given in Table-3.2.2 were considered.

TABLE-3.2.2 LAND USE/LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

Sr. No. Level-1 Level-2 1 Built-up land Town/cities Villages Institution/Industry/Godown etc Plotted Area/Layout 2 Agriculture land Crop Land Plantations Fallow 3 Forest Evergreen/Semi evergreen Deciduous Forest Plantation 4 Wastelands Rocky/Stony Waste Land with /without scrubs Saline/sandy & Marshy/swampy 5 Water bodies River/Stream Lake/Reservoir/Tanks 6 Others Orchard/Other Plantation Shifting cultivation Salt Pans, Snow covered/Glacial Barren/Vacant Land

3.2.4.2 Data Requirements

IRS RS-2 LISS IV FX data acquired for 4th January 2016 and was used for the mapping and interpretation. Besides, other collateral data as available in the form of maps, charts, census records, other reports and especially topographical survey of India maps are used. In addition to this, ground truth survey was also conducted to verify and confirm the ground features.

3.2.4.3 Methodology

The methodology adopted for preparation of land use/land cover thematic map is monoscopic visual interpretation of geocoded scenes of IRS RS-2 LISS IV FX Data and field observations are taken. The various steps involved in the study are preparatory field work, field survey and post field work.

3.2.4.4 Pre-field Interpretation of Satellite Data

The False Colour Composite (FCC) of IRS Resources at 2 LISS IV FX satellite data used for pre-field interpretation work. Taking the help of topo-sheets, geology and geomorphology and by using the image elements the features are identified and VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-15 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

delineated the boundaries roughly. Each feature is identified on image by their image elements like tone, texture, colour, shape, size, pattern and association. A tentative legend in terms of land cover and land use, physiography and erosion was formulated. The sample areas for field check are selected covering all the physiographic, land use/land cover feature cum image characteristics.

 Ground Truth Collection

Both topo-sheets and imagery were taken for field verification and a transverse plan using existing road network was made to cover as many representative sample areas as possible to observe the broad land use features and to adjust the sample areas according to field conditions. Detailed field observations and investigations were carried out and noted the land use features on the imagery.

 Post Field Work

The base maps of the study area were prepared, with the help of Survey of India topo-sheets. Preliminary interpreted land use and the land cover features boundaries from IRS RS-2 LISS IV FX. False Colour Composite were modified in light of field information and the final thematic details were transferred onto the base maps. The final interpreted and classified thematic map was catrographed. The cartographic map was coloured with standard colour coding and detailed description of feature with standard symbols. All the classes noted and marked by the standard legend on the map.

3.2.4.5 Final Output

The final output would be the land use/land cover map numerals were given different colour code for each category as shown in map. Area estimation of all features of Land use/Land cover categories was noted.

3.2.4.6 Observations

The following are the main interpreted land use/land cover classes of the study area and their respective areas are given in hectares in Table-3.2.3 for the year 2016. The thematic map and land use pattern within 10 km radius based on IRS Resources at 2 LISS IV FX for 4th January 2016 are shown in Figure-3.2.1 and 3.2.2 respectively. Digital elevation model of the study area (10 km radius) is shown in Figure-3.2.3.

TABLE-3.2.3 LANDUSE BREAK-UP BASED ON IRS RS-2 LISS IV FX DATA – 4th JANUARY 2016

Sr.No. Land Use Area (Hectares) Percentage (%) Built-up Land/Other Development 1 Settlement 26.358 6.9 2 Industrial area 11.078 2.9 Sub-total 37.436 9.8 Water Bodies 3 Tank / river etc. 30.942 8.1 Crop Land 4 Crop land 21.392 5.6 Forest 5 Scrub forest 10.314 2.7

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-16 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

Wastelands 6 Land with scrub 187.944 49.2 7 Land without scrub 19.482 5.1 8 Mud plot 18.718 4.9 9 Mining area 19.482 5.1 10 Earth dump 9.55 2.5 11 Water logged area 15.662 4.1 Sub-total 270.838 70.9 Others 12 Mangroves 11.078 2.9 Total 382 100 Source: IRS RS-2 LISS IV FX Data – 4th January 2016

As per satellite imagery, the built-up land is 9.8%, forest land occupies 2.7%, agricultural land is about 5.6 %, water body is 8.1 % and remaining land is either area available for cultivation or cultivable waste land.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-17 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

FIGURE-3.2.1 THEMATIC MAP OF STUDY AREA IRS RS- 2 LISS IV FX SATELLITE IMAGERY VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-18 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

FIGURE-3.2.2 LAND USE PATTERN BASED ON SATELLITE DATA VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-19 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

FIGURE-3.2.3 DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-20 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

3.3 Meteorology

The meteorological data recorded during the study period is very useful for proper interpretation of the baseline information regarding proposed project and surrounding area for air quality dispersion. Historical data on meteorological parameters will also play an important role in identifying the general meteorological regime of the region.

The year may broadly be divided into four seasons:

 Winter season : December to February  Pre-Monsoon season : March to May  Monsoon season : June to September  Post-Monsoon season : October to November

3.3.1 Methodology

The methodology adopted for monitoring surface observations is as per the standard norms laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards (IS : 8829) and India Meteorological Department (IMD). On-site monitoring was undertaken for various meteorological variables in order to generate the site-specific data. Data was collected every hour continuously from 1st March 2016 to 31st May 2016 and for the month of June 2016.

3.3.1.1Methodology of Data Generation

The Central Monitoring Station (CMS) equipped with continuous monitoring equipment was installed on top of a residential building at a height of about 10 m above ground level to record wind speed, direction, relative humidity and temperature. The meteorological monitoring station was located in such a way that it is free from any obstructions and as per the guidelines specified under IS: 8829. Cloud cover was recorded by visual observation. Rainfall was monitored by rain gauge.

The continuous recording meteorological instrument of Dynalab, Pune (Model No.WDL1002) has been used for recording the met data. The sensitivity of the equipment is given in Table-3.3.1.

TABLE-3.3.1 SENSITIVITY OF METEOROLOGY MONITORING EQUIPMENT

Sr. No. Sensor Sensitivity 1 Wind speed sensor ± 0.02 m/s 2 Wind direction sensor ± 3 degrees 3 Temperature sensor ± 0.2oC

3.3.1.2 Sources of Information

Secondary information on meteorological conditions has been collected from the nearest IMD station at Panjim. The available meteorological data of IMD, Panjim has been collected for the period 1993-2002 and analyzed.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-21 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

IMD data from Panjim has been collected for pressure, temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, evaporation, wind speed and direction. The data at IMD is usually measured twice a day viz., at 0830 and 1730 hr.

3.3.2 Presentation of Data

3.3.2.1Meteorological Data Recorded at IMD, Panjim

The data collected from IMD includes wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, rainfall and cloud cover over a period of 10 years from the year 1993-2002. The monthly maximum, minimum and average values are collected for all the parameters except wind speed and direction. All these parameters are recorded twice a day viz at 0830 and 1730 hours. The collected data is given in Table-3.3.2.

1] Temperature

The winter season starts from December and continues till the end of February. The daily maximum temperature during winter season is 32.10C (in the month of December) and the daily minimum temperature at 21.40C (in the month of January). Both the night and day temperatures increase rapidly during the onset of the pre-monsoon season from March to May. During pre-monsoon season, the maximum temperature (April) was observed to be 32.30C with the minimum temperature (March) at 24.40C. The maximum temperature in the monsoon season was observed to be 29.90C in the month of June whereas the minimum temperature was observed to be 24.00C in the month of July, August and September. By the end of September, the day temperatures increase slightly, with the maximum temperature at 31.10C in the month of October and the night temperature decreases with the minimum temperature at 23.40C in the month of November. The monthly variations of temperature are presented in Table-3.3.2.

2] Relative Humidity

The air is generally humid in this region during the monsoon season when the relative humidity at 0830 hr was observed to be 63% to 89%. Similarly, at 1730 hr, the relative humidity was observed to be 59% to 86%. Generally, the weather during other seasons was observed to be dry. The monthly variations in the relative humidity are presented in Table-3.3.2.

TABLE-3.3.2 CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA STATION: IMD, PANJIM (1993-2002)

Month Atmospheric Pressure Temperature Relative Humidity Rainfall (mb) (0C) (%) (mm) 0830 1730 Max Min 0830 1730 January 1006.6 1003.4 30.8 21.4 68 59 0.2 February 1005.5 1002.3 30.5 22.1 71 64 0.0 March 1004.6 1001.3 31.3 24.4 74 68 0.2 April 1003.0 999.7 32.3 26.3 73 69 9.0 May 1001.6 998.8 32.2 26.8 75 70 75.7 June 999.7 997.9 29.9 24.7 86 82 782.1 July 999.6 998.1 28.6 24.0 89 86 874.1 August 1000.6 998.8 28.5 24.0 88 85 444.0 September 1002.3 999.7 29.2 24.0 87 82 237.5 VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-22 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

Month Atmospheric Pressure Temperature Relative Humidity Rainfall (mb) (0C) (%) (mm) 0830 1730 Max Min 0830 1730 October 1003.6 1000.7 31.1 24.4 81 76 113.3 November 1004.9 1001.8 32.4 23.4 66 63 28.6 December 1006.3 1003.0 32.1 22.2 63 59 14.2 Total Rainfall 2578.9

3] Atmospheric Pressure

The maximum pressure observed were 1006.6 mb at 0830 hr and 1003.4 mb at 1730 hr, with the maximum pressure occurring during the winter season, in the month of January. The minimum pressure observed were 999.6 mb at 0830 and 997.9 mb at 1730, with the minimum pressure occurring during the month of June and July in the monsoon season. The average pressure level was found to be 1003.2 mb at 0830 hr and 1000.4 mb at 1730 hr. It can be seen from the data that not many variations are observed in the average atmospheric pressure levels. The pressure levels are found to be fairly consistent over the region. The monthly variations in the pressure levels are presented in Table-3.3.2.

4] Rainfall

The total annual rainfall based on the 10 year IMD data, was observed to be 2578.9 mm. The monsoon sets in the month of June and continues till September and sometime extends upto mid-October. The maximum amount of rainfall (874.1 mm) occurs in the month of July. The maximum number of rainy days was observed in the month of July. Monthly variations in the rainfall are given in Table-3.3.2.

5] Cloud Cover

During the winter and the pre-monsoon seasons, it was observed that the skies were generally very clear. In the post-monsoon season, generally light clouds were observed in the evenings, with clear mornings. During the monsoon season, both in the mornings and evenings, the skies were found to be generally clouded.

6] Wind Speed/Direction

Generally, light to moderate winds prevail throughout the year. Winds were light and moderate particularly during the morning hours, while during the afternoon hours the winds were stronger. The season wise discussion of the respective wind pattern is given as below:

A) Wind Pattern during Pre-Monsoon Season

8:30 Hours:

A review of the wind rose diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly from NE and E directions followed by N and NW directions (Figure-3.3.1)

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-23 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

17:30 Hours:

A review of the wind rose diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly from NW and W directions followed by WNW and SW directions (Figure-3.3.1)

B) Wind Pattern during Monsoon Season

8:30 Hours:

A review of the wind rose diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly from W, WSW and SW directions (Figure-3.3.1)

17:30 Hours:

A review of the wind rose diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly from W and NW followed by WNW, SW directions (Figure-3.3.1)

C) Wind Pattern during Post-Monsoon Season

8:30 Hours:

A review of the wind rose diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly from E and NE directions followed by ENE, SE directions (Figure-3.3.2)

17:30 Hours:

A review of the wind rose diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly from NW and W directions followed by WNW, SW directions (Figure-3.3.2)

D) Wind Pattern during Winter Season

8:30 Hours:

A review of the wind rose diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly from E, NE and ENE directions (Figure-3.3.2)

17:30 Hours:

A review of the wind rose diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly from NW, W and WNW directions (Figure-3.3.2)

E) Annual Wind Pattern

08:30 Hours:

A review of the wind rose diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly from E, NE and ENE directions. (Figure-3.3.3)

17:30 Hours:

A review of the wind rose diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly from NW, W and WNW directions. (Figure-3.3.3)

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-24 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

3.3.2.2 Observations on Primary Data

Meteorological Data Generated at Site

The meteorological parameters have been recorded and are as follows:

TABLE-3.3.3 SUMMARY OF THE METEOROLOGICAL DATA MONITORED AT SITE

Month Temperature (0C) Relative Humidity (%) Rainfall (mm) Max Min Max Min March 2016 32 24 74 42 0.8 April 2016 39 28 79 51 4.0 May 2016 34 27 76 54 56.7 June 2016 29 22 88 78 80.0 Range 22-39 42-88 Total: 141.5

Site Specific Data during Study Period

1] Temperature

Pre-monsoon Season 2016

Maximum temperature of 39oC and minimum temperature of 240C was recorded during premonsoon season. Maximum temperature was observed during the month of April and the minimum temperature was observed during the month of March.

June 2016

Maximum temperature of 29oC and minimum temperature of 220C was recorded in the month of June.

2] Relative Humidity

Pre- monsoon Season 2016

The relative humidity was observed to range from 42% to 79%. Maximum humidity was observed during the month of April.

June 2016

The relative humidity was observed to range from 78% to 88%.

3] Rainfall

Pre-monsoon Season 2016

Total rainfall observed was 61.5 mm during premonsoon season.

June 2016

Total rainfall observed was 80.0 mm during the month of June.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-25 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

4] Wind Speed/Direction

The wind rose for the study period representing from 1st March 2016 to 31st May 2016 & 1st June- 30th June 2016 is shown in Figure-3.3.4 and Figure-3.3.5.

A review of the site specific wind rose diagram for premonsoon season shows that predominant winds are mostly from NW (29.1%) followed by W (25.2%) and WNW (10.7%) direction. Calm condition prevailed for 3.3% of the total time.

A review of the site specific wind rose diagram for the month of June shows that predominant winds are mostly from W (24.0 %) followed by SW (21.4 %) and NW (15.1 %) direction. Calm condition prevailed for 1.7 % of the total time.

3.3.2.3 Comparison of Site Specific Data generated and the IMD Data (Pre–monsoon Season)

The India Meteorological Department (IMD) records the data at two times a day viz. 0830 hr and 1730 hr while the site specific data has been recorded at an hourly interval. On comparison of site specific data generated for study period vis-à-vis the IMD data, slight variations were found. The following observations are brought out:

 The temperature recorded on site when compared vis-à-vis the IMD data, slight variations was found. The maximum and minimum temperatures recorded at site during study period were 39oC and 24 oC, whereas the maximum and minimum temperature recorded at IMD, Panjim for the same season are 32.3oC and 24.4oC respectively;

 The relative humidity was observed to range from 42% to 79% during the study period whereas according to IMD Panjim data the relative humidity was observed for the same season are 68.0% to 75%. The variation could be because of the fact that the Relative Humidity values considered for the site are actual values while the range of IMD, Panjim data represents the average values for 10 year period.

The data generated at continuous monitoring station at project site when compared with the data recorded at IMD, it can be observed that the data generated at the site is broadly compatible with regional meteorology, except for minor variations as described above.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-26 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

2.3% NNW NE 24.6% 7.5% NW

3.8% N NE 7.0%

N 11.0% N 4.0% NNW 6.7% WNW

7.3% NW NNE 1.3%

NNE 6.3% ENE 2.0% 23.0% W C-7.2% E 7.8% 1.6% WNW ESE 2.2% ENE 5.7% SSE 1.2% 2.7% W C-5.6% SE 6.0% E 14.0% 9.0% WSW ESE 3.0%

1.5% SSW 0.7% WSW S 3.0% SSE 1.6% 8.5% SW 39.4% NW SE 7.0% 2.0% SW 08:30 Hrs 0.3% SSW

2.6% S 2.6% MONSOON

21.2% NW 08:30 Hrs PRE MONSOON

2.7% NNW 5.4% NNW 12.5% WNW 16.3% WNW

1.5% N NNE 0.7% NE 0.7%

N 0.6% N ENE 0% NNE 0% C-1.2% NE 0% 32.2% W E 0.5% ESE 0% ENE 0% SE 0.5% 27.6% W C-0% E 0% SSE 0.3% ESE 0% SE 0% SSE 0% 9.7% WSW 4.7% WSW

2.0% S 2.0%

0% S 0% 2.0% SSW

0.4% SSW 5.6% SW 12.3% SW 17:30 Hrs 17:30 Hrs PRE MONSOON MONSOON SCALE 5% SPEED CALM 1 5 11 19 >19 Km/hr

FIGURE-3.3.1 WIND ROSE-PRE-MONSOON & MONSOON (IMD- PANJIM) VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-27 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

NE 29.0% NE 24.0%

0.5% NNW

2.0% NW 0.6% NNW ENE 24.4% NNE 3.5% ENE 13.5%

N 1.0% N 1.0% NW

0% WNW NNE 2.7% N 2.0% N E 36.0% 0% WNW 0% W C-5.0%

ESE 4.5% 0% W C-1.3% E 33.3% 0.5% WSW SSE 1.0% ESE 3.0% SE 6.0% 0% WSW SSE 0.4% SE 2.0% 0.5% SW 34.3% NW 0% SSW 0% SW

2.0% S 2.0%

0.3% S 0.3% 0% SSW 29.5% NW 08:30 Hrs POST MONSOON 08:30 Hrs WINTER

5.3% NNW 4.5% NNW

14.6% WNW 14.0% WNW

N 1.0% N NNE 0%

N 1.5% N NE 2.0% NE 1.3% NNE 0% ENE 0.7% ENE 1.0% 25.7% W C-0.3% E 0.7% 24.0% W C-1.5% E 1.5% ESE 0.3% ESE 0% SE 0% SSE 0% SSE 0.5%SE 2.0% 6.5% WSW 7.7% WSW

0.4% S 0.4%

1.0% SSW 6.7% SW

1.5% SSW S 3.0% 7.0% SW 17:30 Hrs 17:30 Hrs POST MONSOON SCALE 5% WINTER SPEED CALM 1 5 11 19 >19 Km/hr

FIGURE-3.3.2 WIND ROSE-POSTMONSOON & WINTER (IMD- PANJIM) VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-28 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

NE 21.2%

1.8% NNW 4.5% NW

N 4.5%

NNE 3.5% 2.1% WNW ENE 11.4%

6.4% W C-4.8% E 22.7%

ESE 3.1% 2.5% WSW SSE 1.0% SE 5.2%

2.8% SW 31.1% NW 0.5% SSW S 2.0%

08:30 Hrs ANNUAL

4.5% NNW

14.3% WNW

N 1.2% NNE 0.2%NE 1.0% ENE 0.4% 27.4% W C-0.8% E 0.7% ESE 0.1% SE 0.6% SSE 0.2%

7.1% WSW

1.3% S 1.3% 1.2% SSW 7.9% SW 17:30 Hrs ANNUAL

SCALE 5%

SPEED CALM 1 5 11 19 >19 Km/hr

FIGURE-3.3.3 WIND ROSE-ANNUAL (IMD-PANJIM) VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-29 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

NW 29.1%

NNE 10.2%

NNW 0.5% WNW 10.7%

NE 3.5%

0.5% N

ENE 0.7% W 25.2% C-3.3% E 0.7% ESE 0.6% SE 0.8%

WSW 0.7% S 0.7% SSE 1.1%

SW 4.3%

SSW 7.4% SCALE 5%

SPEED CALM 1 5 11 19 >19 Km/hr

FIGURE-3.3.4 SITE SPECIFIC WIND ROSE (PRE- MONSOON) VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-30 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

NW 15.1%

NNW 2.1%

WNW 7.1% N 2.1% NNE 1.9% NE 1.8% ENE 1.8%

W 24.0% C-1.7% E 1.8%

ESE 2.1%

S 1.1% SSE 1.5% SE 3.6%

WSW 8.8%

SSW 2.1%

SW 21.4% SCALE 5%

SPEED CALM

1.0 5 11 19 >19 Km/hr

FIGURE-3.3.5 SITE SPECIFIC WIND ROSE (JUNE) VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-31 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

3.4 Ambient Air Quality

The ambient air quality with respect to the study zone of 10 km radius around the proposed project forms the baseline information. The various sources of air pollution in the region are industrial, traffic, urban and rural activities. This will also be useful for assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality during plant operation. The study area represents mostly rural and partly industrial environment.

This section describes the selection of sampling locations, methodology adopted for sampling, analytical techniques and frequency of sampling. The results of monitoring carried out for study period 1st March 2016 to 31st May 2016 representing pre-monsoon season and additional baseline data was collected for one month (June 2016) are attached as Annexure-XI(A) & Annexure-XI(B).

3.4.1 Methodology Adopted for Air Quality Survey

3.4.1.1 Selection of Sampling Locations

The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been assessed through a scientifically designed ambient air quality monitoring network. The design of monitoring network in the air quality surveillance programme has been based on the following considerations:

 Meteorological conditions on synoptic basis;  Topography of the study area;  Representatives of regional background air quality for obtaining baseline status; and  Representatives of likely impact areas.

Ambient air quality monitoring (AAQM) stations were set up at ten locations. The details of sampling locations are given in Table-3.4.1. The location of the selected stations with reference to the plant area boundary is given in the same table and shown in Figure-3.4.1.

3.4.1.2 Frequency and Parameters for Sampling

Ambient air quality monitoring has been carried out with a frequency of two days per week during study period. The baseline data of air environment was monitored for parameters mentioned below as per revised MoEF&CC notification dated 16th November 2009:

 Particulate matter (PM10);  Particulate matter (PM2.5)  Sulphur dioxide (SO2);  Nitrogen dioxide (NO2);  Carbon monoxide (CO);  Ozone (O3);  Ammonia (NH3);  Lead (Pb);  Benzo(a) pyrene (BaP) in particulate phase;  Arsenic (As);  Nickel (Ni); and  Benzene (C6H6).

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-32 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

3.4.1.3 Sampling and Analytical Techniques

Respirable dust samplers APM-460 BL attached with APM-151 instruments have been used for sampling of respirable fraction (<10 microns) and gaseous pollutants like SO2 and NOx.

PM10 (<10) present in ambient air is drawn through the cyclone. Coarse and non-respirable dust (>10) is separated from the air stream by centrifugal forces acting on the solid particles. These separated particulates fall through the cyclone’s conical hopper and collected in the sampling cup placed at the bottom of the cyclone. The fine dust (<10 microns) forming the respirable fraction passes through the cyclone and retained by the filter paper.

A tapping is provided on the suction side of the blower to provide suction for sampling air through a set of impingers. Samples of gases are drawn at a flow rate of 0.2 litres per minute (lpm). The air samples were analyzed as per standard methods specified in IS: 5182.

 Duration of Sampling

The sampling duration for PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx is twenty-four hourly continuous samples per day and CO and O3 are sampled for 8 hours continuously thrice a day. This is to allow a comparison with the present revised standards mentioned in the latest Gazette Notification of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) (18th November 2009).

3.4.1.4 Method of Analysis

The air samples were analyzed as per standard methods specified by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), IS: 5184 and American Public Health Association (APHA).

3.4.1.5 Instruments used for Sampling

Dust samplers of Envirotech instruments were used for monitoring PM10 (<10 microns), PM2.5 and gaseous pollutants like SO2 and NO2. Glass tubes were deployed for collection of grab samples of carbon monoxide. Gas chromatography techniques have been used for the estimation of CO.

3.4.1.6 Sampling and Analytical Techniques

The techniques used for ambient air quality monitoring and minimum detectable levels are given in Table-3.4.2.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-33 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

TABLE-3.4.1 DETAILS OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS

Station Code Name of the Station Distance (km) Direction AAQ1 Proposed DI pipe plant site -- -- AAQ2 Existing hot metal plant 2.0 NW AAQ3 Amona 2.9 NW AAQ4 Sanquelim 5.1 N AAQ5 Phanaswadi 2.0 NE AAQ6 Pissurlem 6.6 ENE AAQ7 Cotombi 4.7 SE AAQ8 Savoi Verem 2.7 SSE AAQ9 Banastarim 5.3 WSW AAQ10 Jua 5.8 WNW

3.4.1.7 Duration of Sampling

PM2.5 and PM10 have been estimated by gravimetric method. Modified West and Gaeke method (IS-5182 Part-II, 1969) has been adopted for estimation of SO2. Jacobs-Hochheiser method (IS-5182 Part-IV, 1975) has been adopted for the estimation of NO2. The ambient air quality parameters along with their frequency of sampling are given in Table-3.4.3.

TABLE-3.4.2 TECHNIQUES USED FOR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING

Sr. Parameter Technique Technical Minimum No. Protocol Detectable Limit (g/m3) 1 PM 2.5 Fine dust sampler (Gravimetric IS-5182 (Part-IV) 1.0 method) 2 PM 10 Fine dust sampler (Gravimetric IS-5182 (Part-IV) 5.0 method) 3 Sulphur dioxide Improved West and Gaeke IS-5182 (Part-II) 4.0 method 4 Nitrogen dioxide Jacob & Hochheiser IS-5182 (Part-VI) 10.0 5 Carbon monoxide FID technique (Gas IS-5182(Part-X) 50 chromatography) 6 Ozone UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis ASTM-D 2.0 7 Ammonia UV-Vis spectrophotometry ASTM-D 20.0 8 Benzene GC-MS/GC IS-5182 0.001 9 Benzo (O) Pyrene GC-MS/GC IS-5182 0.01 ng/m3 10 Arsenic GC-MS/GC IS-5182 0.001 11 Nickel GC-MS/GC IS-5182 0.001 12 Lead GC-MS/GC IS-5182 0.001

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-34 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

FIGURE-3.4.1 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-35 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

TABLE-3.4.3 MONITORED PARAMETERS AND FREQUENCY OF SAMPLING

Parameters Sampling Frequency Particulate Matter(PM10) 24 hourly sample twice a week for four months Respirable Particulate 24 hourly sample twice a week for four months Matter(PM2.5) Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 24 hourly samples twice a week for four months Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) 24 hourly samples twice a week for four months Carbon Monoxide (CO) 8 hourly samples for 24 hour twice a week for four months Ozone (O3) 8 hourly samples for 24 hour twice a week for four months Ammonia (NH3) 8 hourly samples for 24 hour twice a week for four months Benzene (C6H6) 8 hourly samples for 24 hour twice a week for four months Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) 8 hourly samples for 24 hour twice a week for four months Arsenic (As) 8 hourly samples for 24 hour twice a week for four months Nickel (Ni) 8 hourly samples for 24 hour twice a week for four months Lead (Pb) 8 hourly samples for 24 hour twice a week for four months

3.4.2 Presentation of AAQ Data

Various statistical parameters like 98th percentile, average, maximum and minimum values have been computed from the observed raw data for all the AAQ monitoring stations. The summary of these results for each location representing pre-monsoon season 2016 and for the month of June 2016 are presented in Table-3.4.4 and Table-3.4.5 These values are compared with the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for industrial and rural /residential zone. RSPM chemical characterization for all locations are given in Table-3.4.6 & Table-3.4.7.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-36 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

TABLE-3.4.4 SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS FOR PRE-MONSOON SEASON (MARCH-MAY, 2016)

3 3 Station Code Name of the Location PM10 (g/m ) PM2.5 (g/m ) Min Max Avg 98th %le Min Max Avg 98th %le AAQ1 Proposed DI pipe plant site 53.3 59.7 55.6 59.3 21.3 28.4 23.4 27.8 AAQ2 Existing hot metal plant 61.1 71.3 63.9 70.3 28.5 33.8 30.5 33.3 AAQ3 Amona 63.5 69.2 65.3 69.1 22.2 29.9 27.7 29.9 AAQ4 Sanquelim 53.0 65.8 56.9 62.9 21.7 29.3 26.3 29.2 AAQ5 Phanaswadi 52.9 60.5 55.4 60.1 23.3 29.9 26.9 29.7 AAQ6 Pissurlem 60.5 68.8 63.1 67.7 23.4 27.4 24.8 27.3 AAQ7 Cotombi 57.2 65.2 61.8 65.2 25.4 28.7 27.1 28.5 AAQ8 Savoi Verem 53.5 63.7 57.8 61.8 23.5 27.1 25.4 27.1 AAQ9 Banastarim 52.3 59.9 56.7 59.6 23.0 28.4 26.0 28.4 AAQ10 Jua 50.0 60.5 57.3 60.2 21.1 26.3 23.0 25.8 Study Area Range 50.0-71.3 21.1-33.8

3 3 Station Code Name of the Location SO2 (g/m ) NO2 (g/m ) Min Max Avg 98th %le Min Max Avg 98th %le AAQ1 Proposed DI pipe plant site 9.1 9.8 9.4 9.8 11.2 13.7 12.0 13.6 AAQ2 Existing hot metal plant 11.1 13.9 12.4 13.9 14.1 17.7 15.3 17.5 AAQ3 Amona 9.4 9.9 9.7 9.9 12.4 14.6 13.3 14.3 AAQ4 Sanquelim 10.3 12.5 11.2 12.2 15.0 17.3 16.2 17.2 AAQ5 Phanaswadi 9.2 10.9 10.0 10.9 10.4 15.4 13.7 15.1 AAQ6 Pissurlem 9.7 12.9 11.8 12.9 12.4 16.1 14.6 16.0 AAQ7 Cotombi 10.7 12.7 12.0 12.7 12.9 14.3 13.7 14.3 AAQ8 Savoi Verem 9.2 11.9 10.6 11.9 13.7 16.4 15.5 16.4 AAQ9 Banastarim 9.3 11.5 10.1 11.2 12.3 16.0 13.6 15.6 AAQ10 Jua 9.4 11.7 10.3 11.4 12.1 14.6 12.9 14.1 Study Area Range 9.1-13.9 10.4-17.7

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-37 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

Station Code Name of the Location CO (g/m3) Ozone (g/m3) Min Max Avg 98th %le Min Max Avg 98th %le AAQ1 Proposed DI pipe plant site 192 299 256 298 6.4 10.9 8.1 9.9 AAQ2 Existing hot metal plant 302 354 323 351 10.0 15.4 12.0 14.8 AAQ3 Amona 240 299 265 297 8.3 13.9 11.3 13.6 AAQ4 Sanquelim 265 327 301 326 8.0 11.5 9.1 11.2 AAQ5 Phanaswadi 210 292 228 267 6.1 11.4 7.2 9.7 AAQ6 Pissurlem 274 324 301 323 8.1 13.9 11.0 13.7 AAQ7 Cotombi 201 320 264 317 7.1 12.2 8.9 11.4 AAQ8 Savoi Verem 206 276 244 274 6.2 11.2 7.4 9.6 AAQ9 Banastarim 252 310 281 308 7.0 13.2 10.1 12.9 AAQ10 Jua 233 294 263 289 6.1 11.1 6.8 9.9 Study Area Range 192-354 6.1-15.4

Station Name of the Location Ammonia, NH3 (g/m3) Lead (Pb) (g/m3) Code Min Max Avg 98th %le Min Max Avg 98th %le AAQ1 Proposed DI pipe plant site <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 AAQ2 Existing hot metal plant <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 AAQ3 Amona <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 AAQ4 Sanquelim <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 AAQ5 Phanaswadi <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 AAQ6 Pissurlem <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 AAQ7 Cotombi <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 AAQ8 Savoi Verem <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 AAQ9 Banastarim <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 AAQ10 Jua <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Study Area Range <20.0 <0.001

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-38 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

Station Name of the Location Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) (ng/m3) Arsenic (As) (g/m3) Code Min Max Avg 98th %le Min Max Avg 98th %le AAQ1 Proposed DI pipe plant site <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 AAQ2 Existing hot metal plant <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 AAQ3 Amona <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 AAQ4 Sanquelim <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 AAQ5 Phanaswadi <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 AAQ6 Pissurlem <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 AAQ7 Cotombi <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 AAQ8 Savoi Verem <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 AAQ9 Banastarim <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 AAQ10 Jua <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Study Area Range <0.01 <0.001

3 3 3 Station Name of the Location Ni (g/m ) PAH (ng/m ) Benzene, C6H6 ((g/m ) Code Min Max Avg 98th %le Min Max Avg 98th Min Max Avg 98th %le %le AAQ1 Proposed DI pipe plant site <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 AAQ2 Existing hot metal plant <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 AAQ3 Amona <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 AAQ4 Sanquelim <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 AAQ5 Phanaswadi <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 AAQ6 Pissurlem <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 AAQ7 Cotombi <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 AAQ8 Savoi Verem <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 AAQ9 Banastarim <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 AAQ10 Jua <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Study Area Range <0.001 <1.0 <0.01

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-39 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

TABLE-3.4.5 SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS – JUNE 2016

3 3 Station Code Name of the Location PM10 (g/m ) PM2.5 (g/m ) Min Max Avg 98th %le Min Max Avg 98th %le AAQ1 Proposed DI pipe plant site 52.2 55.8 49.6 55.2 21.2 24.1 23.1 24.1 AAQ2 Existing hot metal plant 60.4 68.4 63.0 67.8 24.1 27.4 25.4 27.2 AAQ3 Amona 53.4 58.3 56.0 58.1 27.6 29.6 28.6 29.6 AAQ4 Sanquelim 51.3 61.9 56.6 61.8 21.1 27.6 25.3 27.6 AAQ5 Phanaswadi 51.6 60.4 56.1 60.2 21.9 25.9 23.8 25.9 AAQ6 Pissurlem 52.7 60.5 55.7 59.9 22.4 27.1 24.7 27.0 AAQ7 Cotombi 53.1 62.7 58.4 62.6 23.4 28.1 25.7 28.0 AAQ8 Savoi Verem 53.7 59.5 55.4 59.1 24.1 29.1 25.5 28.6 AAQ9 Banastarim 50.2 57.6 53.5 57.4 21.8 26.4 23.2 26.0 AAQ10 Jua 48.1 57.3 49.5 55.9 20.0 26.1 22.7 25.7 Study Area Range 48.1-68.4 20.0-29.6

3 3 Station Code Name of the Location SO2 (g/m ) NO2 (g/m ) Min Max Avg 98th %le Min Max Avg 98th %le AAQ1 Proposed DI pipe plant site 10.8 12.3 11.6 12.3 12.4 14.4 13.3 14.3 AAQ2 Existing hot metal plant 13.2 15.6 14.3 15.5 19.8 22.2 21.4 22.2 AAQ3 Amona 11.7 13.6 12.7 13.5 13.0 15.5 15.8 15.3 AAQ4 Sanquelim 11.4 15.6 12.6 15.2 14.1 17.8 15.6 17.7 AAQ5 Phanaswadi 9.8 12.9 11.8 12.9 13.6 15.3 14.6 15.3 AAQ6 Pissurlem 10.9 13.5 12.4 13.5 12.8 16.8 13.9 16.5 AAQ7 Cotombi 11.2 14.0 12.6 13.9 13.2 15.5 14.3 15.5 AAQ8 Savoi Verem 9.9 13.4 11.8 13.4 14.2 17.2 15.8 17.2 AAQ9 Banastarim 12.0 15.0 13.7 15.0 10.7 16.8 14.3 16.7 AAQ10 Jua 9.3 12.0 9.9 11.6 12.6 15.2 13.9 15.2 Study Area Range 9.3-15.6 10.7-22.2

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-40 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

Station Code Name of the Location CO (g/m3) Ozone (g/m3) Min Max Avg 98th %le Min Max Avg 98th %le AAQ1 Proposed DI pipe plant site 226 282 255 280 6.4 14.6 9.8 14.6 AAQ2 Existing hot metal plant 337 370 353 368 10.6 16.0 12.5 15.7 AAQ3 Amona 226 302 261 299 8.4 15.8 12.0 15.7 AAQ4 Sanquelim 294 365 332 365 7.1 14.8 9.8 14.2 AAQ5 Phanaswadi 239 300 274 300 7.1 13.3 9.2 12.9 AAQ6 Pissurlem 281 330 298 325 9.1 14.0 11.4 14.0 AAQ7 Cotombi 207 328 254 311 6.5 14.4 9.3 13.5 AAQ8 Savoi Verem 220 289 261 287 6.6 14.6 9.1 13.8 AAQ9 Banastarim 252 320 271 313 7.2 13.9 9.8 13.7 AAQ10 Jua 248 312 284 309 6.5 12.1 8.5 11.6 Study Area Range 207-370 6.4-16.0

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-41 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-42 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

TABLE-3.4.6 CHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OF RSPM (PRE-MONSOON SEASON)

Sr. No Components AAQ-1 AAQ-2 AAQ-3 AAQ-4 AAQ-5 Proposed DI pipe Existing hot metal plant Amona Sanquelim Phanaswadi plant site Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max 1 Free Silica 0.39 0.42 0.65 0.98 0.41 0.56 0.22 0.39 0.29 0.32 2 Aluminium 1.89 2.2 2.8 3.3 1.70 2.41 1.55 2.5 1.38 1.59 3 Magnesium 2.9 3 2.5 3.2 2.0 2.9 3.2 3.6 3 3.9 4 Lead <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 5 Zinc 4.7 5.5 6.3 7.2 5.4 6.1 5.2 5.9 5.5 6.1 6 Vanadium <0.001 0.02 <0.001 0.03 <0.001 0.02 <0.001 0.01 <0.001 0.01 7 Iron 0.32 0.57 0.58 0.69 0.51 0.70 0.28 0.52 0.2 0.59. 8 Manganese 5.12 5.65 6 7.4 5.6 7.1 4.21 4.89 4.2 5.21 9 Boran 8.9 9.1 9.2 10.2 8.4 10.7 6.54 7.15 5.89 7.19 10 Cadmium <0.001 0.04 <0.001 0.09 <0.001 0.06 <0.001 0.05 <0.001 0.09 11 Copper 0.15 0.17 0.15 0.27 0.11 0.24 0.11 0.16 0.01 0.01 12 Nickel 0.04 0.09 0.08 0.12 0.05 0.17 0.03 0.11 0.02 0.08 13 Cobalt <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 14 Mercury <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 15 Arsenic <0.001 0.02 <0.001 0.04 <0.001 0.03 <0.001 0.03 <0.001 0.03 16 Chromium 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.07 0.03 0.05 All values are given in g/m3

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-43 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

TABLE-3.4.6 (Contd….) CHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OF RSPM(PRE-MONSOON SEASON)

Sr. No Components AAQ-6 AAQ-7 AAQ-8 AAQ-9 AAQ-10 Pissurlem Cotombi Savoi Verem Banastarim Jua Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max 1 Free Silica 0.52 0.62 0.42 0.48 0.35 0.44 0.41 0.52 0.35 0.45 2 Aluminium 1.99 2.02 1.63 1.69 1.51 1.67 1.15 1.7 1.29 1.68 3 Magnesium 4 4.5 3.8 4.1 3.3 4.2 3.89 4.2 3.56 4.1 4 Lead <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 5 Zinc 6.2 6.7 5.8 6.4 5.9 6.5 6.21 6.98 5.1 6.3 6 Vanadium <0.001 0.04 <0.001 0.03 <0.001 0.02 <0.001 0.02 <0.001 0.01 7 Iron 0.1 0.35 0.2 0.31 0.3 0.44 0.1 0.03 0.2 0.28 8 Manganese 5 5.23 4.2 5.02 3.8 4.62 3.56 4.65 4.1 4.57 9 Boran 4.89 6.02 5.12 5.33 4.59 5.12 2.45 5.41 3.65 5.36 10 Cadmium <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 11 Copper <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 12 Nickel 0.06 0.07 0.05 0.09 0.03 0.09 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.05 13 Cobalt <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 14 Mercury <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 15 Arsenic <0.001 0.02 <0.001 0.01 <0.001 0.02 <0.001 0.05 <0.001 0.03 16 Chromium 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.06 0.02 0.06 All values are given in g/m3

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-44 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

TABLE-3.4.7 CHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OF RSPM (JUNE)

Sr. No Components AAQ-1 AAQ-2 AAQ-3 AAQ-4 AAQ-5 Proposed DI pipe Existing hot metal plant Amona Sanquelim Phanaswadi plant site Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max 1 Free Silica 0.31 0.4 0.69 0.96 0.44 0.92 0.18 0.36 0.25 0.3 2 Aluminium 1.59 2.1 2.4 2.9 2.6 2.9 1.41 1.9 1.29 1.37 3 Magnesium 2.6 2.9 2.5 3.1 2.3 2.9 3 3.2 2.9 4.2 4 Lead <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 5 Zinc 4.2 4.6 6.1 7.1 5.5 6.1 5 5.7 4.9 6 6 Vanadium <0.001 0.03 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.006 <0.001 0.005 <0.001 0.009 7 Iron 0.33 0.41 0.53 0.58 0.44 0.57 0.18 0.5 0.1 0.48 8 Manganese 4.59 5.11 5.5 6.6 4.15 5.19 4.11 4.72 4.6 5.03 9 Boran 8.6 8.7 9 10.1 8.9 9.1 6.45 6.89 4.8 7.01 10 Cadmium <0.001 0.04 <0.001 0.06 <0.001 0.04 <0.001 0.06 <0.001 0.08 11 Copper 0.13 0.16 0.13 0.22 0.1 0.15 0.09 0.154 0.006 0.005 12 Nickel 0.05 0.08 0.07 0.1 0.06 0.07 0.04 0.09 0.03 0.09 13 Cobalt <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 14 Mercury <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 15 Arsenic <0.001 0.003 <0.001 0.005 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.04 <0.001 0.004 16 Chromium 0.06 0.05 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.07 0.03 0.05 All values are given in g/m3

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-45 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

TABLE-3.4.7 CHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OF RSPM (JUNE)

Sr. No Components AAQ-6 AAQ-7 AAQ-8 AAQ-9 AAQ-10 Pissurlem Cotombi Savoi Verem Banastarim Jua Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max 1 Free Silica 0.4 0.51 0.4 0.46 0.32 0.44 0.34 0.48 0.35 0.41 2 Aluminium 1.55 1.65 4.58 1.58 1.33 1.6 1.09 1.3 1.22 1.58 3 Magnesium 3.6 4.1 3.8 4.3 3.4 4.2 2.66 4 2.81 4.5 4 Lead <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 5 Zinc 5.9 6.2 3.1 5.2 5.9 6.7 5.57 6.58 4.65 6.1 6 Vanadium <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.03 <0.001 0.05 <0.001 0.02 <0.001 0.01 7 Iron 0.1 0.22 0.1 0.31 0.1 0.26 0.21 0.031 0.1 0.28 8 Manganese 2.5 3.25 2.2 3.57 3.3 4.5 3.26 4.38 3.91 4.26 9 Boran 3.65 5.12 4.14 5 4.5 5.22 2.07 3.29 3.25 6.23 10 Cadmium <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 11 Copper <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 12 Nickel 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.08 0.01 0.06 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.04 13 Cobalt <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 14 Mercury <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 15 Arsenic <0.001 0.01 <0.001 0.01 <0.001 0.02 <0.001 0.05 <0.001 0.02 16 Chromium 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.06 0.02 0.04 All values are given in g/m3

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Observations of AAQ Data (Pre-Monsoon Season 2016)

3 The minimum and maximum concentrations for PM10 were recorded as 50.0 g/m and 71.3 g/m3 respectively. The minimum and maximum concentration was recorded at Jua village (AAQ10) and existing hot metal plant site (AAQ2) respectively.

3 The minimum and maximum concentrations for PM2.5 were recorded as 21.1 g/m and 33.8 g/m3 respectively. The minimum and maximum concentration was recorded at Jua village (AAQ10) and existing hot metal plant site (AAQ2) respectively.

3 The minimum and maximum SO2 concentrations were recorded as 9.1 g/m and 13.9 g/m3. The minimum and maximum concentration was recorded at proposed DI pipe plant site (AAQ1) and existing hot metal plant site (AAQ2) respectively.

3 The minimum and maximum NO2 concentrations were recorded as 10.4 g/m and 17.7 g/m3. The minimum and maximum concentration was recorded at Phanaswadi village (AAQ5) and existing hot metal plant site (AAQ2) respectively.

The minimum and maximum CO concentrations were recorded as 192 g/m3 and 354 g/m3. The minimum and maximum concentration was recorded at proposed DI pipe plant site (AAQ1) and existing hot metal plant site (AAQ2) respectively.

3 The minimum and maximum O3 concentrations were recorded as 6.1 g/m and 15.4 g/m3. The minimum and maximum concentration was recorded at Phanaswadi village (AAQ5), Jua Village (AAQ10) and existing hot metal plant site (AAQ2) respectively.

June 2016

3 The minimum and maximum concentrations for PM10 were recorded as 48.1 g/m and 68.4 g/m3 respectively. The minimum and maximum concentration was recorded at Jua village (AAQ10) and existing hot metal plant site (AAQ2) respectively.

3 The minimum and maximum concentrations for PM2.5 were recorded as 20.0 g/m and 29.6 g/m3 respectively. The minimum and maximum concentration was recorded at Jua village (AAQ10) and Amona (AAQ3) respectively.

3 The minimum and maximum SO2 concentrations were recorded as 9.3 g/m and 15.6 g/m3. The minimum and maximum concentration was recorded at Jua village (AAQ10) and the maximum concentration was recorded at the existing hot metal plant site (AAQ2), Sanquelim Village (AAQ4) respectively.

The minimum and maximum NOx concentrations were recorded as 10.7 g/m3 and 22.2 g/m3. The minimum and maximum concentration was recorded at Banastarim village (AAQ9) and existing hot metal plant site (AAQ2) respectively.

The minimum and maximum CO concentrations were recorded as 207 g/m3 and 370 g/m3. The minimum and maximum concentration was recorded at Cotombi village (AAQ7) and existing hot metal plant site (AAQ2) respectively. VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-47 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

3 The minimum and maximum O3 concentrations were recorded as 6.4 g/m and 16.0 g/m3. The minimum and maximum concentration was recorded at proposed DI pipe plant site (AAQ1) and existing hot metal plant site (AAQ2) respectively.

The concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, CO, NH3, Pb, BaP, As, Ni, PAH and C6H6 are observed to be well within the NAAQ standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for industrial and rural /residential zone. The concentrations can be attributed to the local industrialization within the study area and also due to traffic and other commercial activities.

3.5 Water Quality

Selected water quality parameters of surface and ground water resources in the study area have been studied for assessing the water environment and evaluate anticipated impact of the plant. Understanding the water quality is essential in preparation of environmental impact assessment and to identify critical issues with a view to suggest appropriate mitigation measures for implementation.

The purpose of this study is to:

 Assess the water quality characteristics for critical parameters;  Evaluate the impacts on agricultural productivity, habitat conditions, recreational resources and aesthetics in the vicinity; and  Predict impact on water quality by this project and related activities.

The information required has been collected through primary surveys and secondary sources.

3.5.1 Methodology

Reconnaissance survey was undertaken and monitoring locations were finalized based on:

 Drainage pattern;  Location of residential areas representing different activities/likely impact areas; and  Likely areas, which can represent baseline conditions.

Eight surface water and eight ground water sources in the study area were examined for physico-chemical, heavy metals and bacteriological parameters in order to assess the effect of industrial activities and other activities on surface and ground water. The samples were analyzed as per the procedures specified in 'Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater' published by American Public Health Association (APHA).

Samples for chemical analysis were collected in polyethylene carboys. Samples collected for metal content were acidified with 1ml HNO3. Samples for bacteriological analysis were collected in sterilized glass bottles. Selected physico- chemical and bacteriological parameters have been analyzed for projecting the existing water quality status in the study area. Parameters like temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and pH were analyzed at the time of sample collection.

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The methodology for sample collection and preservation techniques was followed as per the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) mentioned in Table-3.5.1.

TABLE-3.5.1 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOP) FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS

Parameter Sample Collection Sample Size Storage/ Preservation pH Grab sampling 50 ml On site analysis Plastic /glass container Electrical Grab sampling 50 ml On site parameter conductivity Plastic /glass container Total suspended Grab sampling 100 ml Refrigeration, solids Plastic /glass container can be stored for 7 days Total dissolved Grab sampling 100 ml Refrigeration, Solids Plastic /glass container can be stored for 7 days BOD Grab sampling 500 ml Refrigeration, 48 hrs Plastic /glass container Hardness Grab sampling 100 ml Add HNO3 to pH<2, Plastic /glass container refrigeration; 6 months Chlorides Grab sampling 50 ml Not required; 28 days Plastic /glass container Sulphates Grab sampling 100 ml Refrigeration; 28 days Plastic /glass container Sodium, Plastic container 100 ml Not required; 6 months Potassium Nitrates Plastic containers 100 ml Refrigeration; 48 hrs Fluorides Plastic containers only 100 ml Not required; 28 days Alkalinity Plastic/ glass containers 100 ml Refrigeration; 14 days Ammonia Plastic/ glass containers 100 ml Add H2SO4 to pH>2, refrigeration, 28 days Hexavalent Plastic/ Glass rinse with 1+1 100 ml Grab sample; refrigeration; +6 Chromium, Cr HNO3 24 hrs Heavy Metals (Hg, Plastic/ Glass rinse with 1+1 500 ml Filter, add HNO3 to pH>2; Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, HNO3 Grab sample; 6 months Zn, Pb etc.) Source: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Published By APHA, AWWA, WEF 19th Edition, 1995

Analytical Techniques

The sampling and analytical techniques are given in Table–3.5.2.

TABLE-3.5.2 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS

Parameter Method pH APHA-4500-H+ Colour APHA-2120 C Odour IS: 3025, Part-4 Temperature APHA-2550 B Dissolved oxygen APHA-4500 O BOD APHA-5210 B Electrical conductivity APHA-2510 B Turbidity APHA-2130 B Chlorides APHA-4500 Cl- Fluorides APHA-4500 F- Total dissolved solids APHA-2540 C

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Parameter Method Total suspended solids APHA-2540 D Total hardness APHA-2340 C -2 Sulphates APHA-4500 SO4 Arsenic APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3114 B/ APHA-3500 As Calcium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Ca Magnesium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Mg Sodium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Na Potassium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 K Manganese APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Mn Mercury APHA-3112 B/ APHA-3500 Hg Selenium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3114 B/ APHA-3500 Se Lead APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Pb Copper APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Cu Cadmium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Cd Iron APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Fe Zinc APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Zn Boron APHA-4500 B Coliform organisms APHA-9215 D Alkalinity APHA-2320 B

3.5.2 Water Sampling Locations

In the study area, eight surface and eight ground water samples were collected during the study period. These samples were taken as grab samples and were analyzed for various parameters to compare with the standards. The water sampling locations are listed below in Table-3.5.3 and are shown in Figure-3.5.1.

TABLE-3.5.3 WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Station Code Location Distance (km) Direction Surface Water Locations SW1 Mandavi river 3.5 WNW SW2 Mandavi river near Waghurme village 5.0 SSE SW3 Kumbarjuwa nadi 7.2 SW SW4 Valvot river 4.1 NNW SW5 Kudne river 1.5 N SW6 Mandovi river near DI pipe plant site 0.7 SW SW7 Kumbhar Jua 6.1 W SW8 Mandovi river near Ambesi 9.2 SE Ground Water Locations GW1 Proposed DI pipe plant site -- -- GW2 Existing hot metal plant site 2.0 NW GW3 Amona 2.9 NW GW4 Sanquelim 5.1 N GW5 Phanaswadi 2.0 NE GW6 Pissurlem 6.6 ENE GW7 Cotombi 4.7 SE GW8 Banastarim 5.3 WSW

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FIGURE-3.5.1 WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS

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3.5.3 Presentation of Results

The analytical results of water samples for premonsoon season are given in Table- 3.5.4 and Table-3.5.5 and for June 2016 are given in Table-3.5.6 and Table- 3.5.7 for the surface water and ground water samples respectively.

Pre-monsoon Season 2016

TABLE-3.5.4 SURFACE WATER QUALITY FOR PRE MONSOON SEASON (MARCH-MAY 2016)

Sr. No Parameters Units SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 1 pH - 7.2 7.1 7.6 7.4 2 Colour Hazen 8 9 4 6.0 3 Conductivity µS/cm 278 261 427 549 4 TDS mg/l 185 170 280 350 5 TSS mg/l 8 10 6 12 6 DO mg/l 5.8 5.6 6.0 5.9 7 BOD mg/l <3 <3 <3 <3 8 COD mg/l 20 20 <5 <5 9 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 40 30 128 150 10 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 20 25 110 144 11 Calcium as Ca mg/l 6.0 4.2 34.2 41.1 12 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 6.1 4.9 10.4 11.6 13 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 74.4 67.4 76.1 69.4 14 Residual free chlorine mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 15 Phosphates as PO4 mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 16 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 9.2 6.3 16.1 23.9 17 Fluorides as F mg/l 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.2 18 Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 1.8 1.2 5.4 16.2 19 Sodium as Na mg/l 43.0 44.6 43.1 52.3 20 Potassium as K mg/l 2.3 1.1 10.8 9.5 21 Total Boron as B mg/l 0.29 0.32 0.18 0.22 22 Phenolic Compounds mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 23 Cyanides mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 24 Oil & grease mg/l <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 25 Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 26 Arsenic as As mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 27 Copper as Cu mg/l 1.22 1.43 0.97 1.29 28 Lead as Pb mg/l 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 29 Iron as Fe mg/l 1.7 2.3 1.84 0.93 30 Chromium as Cr+6 mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 31 Selenium as Se mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 32 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.11 0.09 0.24 0.13 33 Aluminum as Al mg/l 0.96 1.32 0.90 2.11 34 Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 35 SAR - 2.96 3.54 1.66 1.86 36 Insecticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent 37 Anionic detergents as MBAS mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 38 Total Coliforms MPN/100 500 900 500 350

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TABLE-3.5.4 (Contd...) SURFACE WATER QUALITY FOR PRE MONSOON SEASON (MARCH-MAY 2016)

Sr. No Parameters Units SW5 SW6 SW7 SW8 7.5 7.3 7.6 7.7 1 pH - 2 Colour Hazen 6 5 7 6 3 Conductivity µS/cm 630 455 580 731 4 TDS mg/l 410 295 380 480 5 TSS mg/l 10 6 8 11 6 DO mg/l 6.4 6.2 6.6 6.7 7 BOD mg/l <3 <3 <3 <3 8 COD mg/l <5 <5 <5 <5 9 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 190 146 149 206 10 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 276 148 167 190 11 Calcium as Ca mg/l 47.6 31.4 39.2 54.1 12 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 17.3 16.5 12.5 17.2 13 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 24.3 36.3 60.2 98.8 14 Residual free chlorine mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 15 Phosphates as PO4 mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 16 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 15.2 24.7 16.3 35.6 17 Fluorides as F mg/l 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 18 Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 8.2 7.6 15.5 12.2 19 Sodium as Na mg/l 58.4 36.7 57.2 65.4 20 Potassium as K mg/l 8.9 6.2 10.9 14.8 21 Total Boron as B mg/l 0.35 0.27 0.23 0.18 22 Phenolic Compounds mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 23 Cyanides mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 24 Oil & grease mg/l <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 25 Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 26 Arsenic as As mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 27 Copper as Cu mg/l 0.89 0.54 0.63 0.55 28 Lead as Pb mg/l 0.07 0.02 <0.01 0.05 29 Iron as Fe mg/l 1.23 1.09 1.11 0.35 30 Chromium as Cr+6 mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 31 Selenium as Se mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 32 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.21 0.09 0.12 0.15 33 Aluminum as Al mg/l 1.22 1.09 0.23 0.17 34 Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 35 SAR - 1.84 1.32 2.04 1.98 36 Insecticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent Anionic detergents as <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 37 mg/l MBAS 38 Total Coliforms MPN/100 170 130 220 140

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TABLE-3.5.5 GROUNDWATER QUALITY FOR PRE MONSOON SEASON (MARCH-MAY 2016)

Sr. IS: 10500 Parameters Units GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 No Limits 1 pH - 6.5 – 8.5 (NR) 7.1 7.4 7.3 7.6 2 Colour Hazen 5(15) 5 2 3 4 3 Taste - Agreeable Ag Ag Ag Ag 4 Odour - Agreeable Ag Ag Ag Ag 5 Conductivity µS/cm $ 1134 782 2285 1864 6 Turbidity NTU 5(10) 3.0 3 4 4 7 TDS mg/l 500(2000) 740 495 1530 1205 Total Hardness as mg/l 8 200(600) 311 203 560 484 CaCO3 9 Total Alkalinity mg/l 200(600) 268 215 465 392 10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 75(200) 85.9 54.7 125.5 114.7 11 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 30(100) 23.5 16.1 59.8 47.9 12 Residual Chlorine mg/l 0.2 (1.0) <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 13 Boron as B mg/l 0.5(1.0) 0.31 0.42 0.27 0.21 14 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 250(1000) 184 102.2 365.8 285.0 15 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 200(400) 62.4 21.3 82.4 110.8 16 Fluorides as F mg/l 1.0(1.5) 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.5 17 Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 45(NR) 8.9 12.1 14.3 22.5 18 Sodium as Na mg/l $ 122.1 75.5 242.9 184.6 19 Potassium as K mg/l $ 12.7 10.3 25.8 47.5 20 Phenolic Compounds mg/l 0.001(0.002) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 21 Cyanides as CN mg/l 0.05 (NR) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 22 Anionic Detergents mg/l 0.2 (1.0) <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 23 Mineral Oil mg/l 0.5 (NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 24 Cadmium as Cd mg/l 0.003 (NR) 0.02 0.01 <0.001 0.02 25 Arsenic as As mg/l 0.01 (0.05) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 26 Copper as Cu mg/l 0.01 (NR) 0.23 0.59 0.87 0.20 27 Lead as Pb mg/l 0.05 (NR) 0.09 0.13 0.07 0.02 28 Manganese as Mn mg/l 0.1(0.3) 0.11 0.87 0.22 0.09 29 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.3(NR) 0.29 0.11 0.75 0.63 30 Chromium as Cr+6 mg/l 0.05(NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 31 Selenium as Se mg/l 0.01(NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 32 Zinc as Zn mg/l 5(15) 0.11 0.18 0.28 0.16 33 Aluminum as Al mg/l 0.03(0.2) 0.10 0.13 0.09 0.03 34 Mercury as Hg mg/l 0.001(NR) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 35 Pesticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent 36 E. Coil - Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Total Coliforms MPN/ 37 10 <2 <2 <2 <2 100ml Note: ($) Indicates no limits have been specified; Uo: Unobjectionable; Ag: Agreeable

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TABLE-3.5.5 (Continued..) GROUNDWATER QUALITY FOR PRE MONSOON SEASON (MARCH-MAY 2016)

Sr. IS: 10500 Parameters Units GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 No Limits 1 pH - 6.5 – 8.5 (NR) 7.2 7.3 7.6 7.5 2 Colour Hazen 5(15) 3 3 3 4 3 Taste - Agreeable Ag Ag Ag Ag 4 Odour - Agreeable Ag Ag Ag Ag 5 Conductivity µS/cm $ 681 1010 1640 1245 6 Turbidity NTU 5(10) 4 3 2 3 7 TDS mg/l 500(2000) 453 645 1080 810 Total Hardness as mg/l 8 200(600) 191 CaCO3 267 321 350 9 Total Alkalinity mg/l 200(600) 155 256 415 380 10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 75(200) 49.2 76.2 89.6 79.9 11 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 30(100) 16.5 18.6 23.6 36.4 12 Residual Chlorine mg/l 0.2 (1.0) <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 13 Boron as B mg/l 0.5(1.0) 0.33 0.17 0.29 0.12 14 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 250(1000) 110.0 132.2 220 135.4 15 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 200(400) 20.4 51.7 76.5 49.8 16 Fluorides as F mg/l 1.0(1.5) 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.4 17 Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 45(NR) 19.7 18.8 9.2 14.6 18 Sodium as Na mg/l $ 62.3 114.6 207.9 125.4 19 Potassium as K mg/l $ 12.1 13.4 45.9 24.7 20 Phenolic Compounds mg/l 0.001(0.002) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 21 Cyanides as CN mg/l 0.05 (NR) <0.02 <0.002 <0.02 <0.02 22 Anionic Detergents mg/l 0.2 (1.0) <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 23 Mineral Oil mg/l 0.5 (NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 24 Cadmium as Cd mg/l 0.003 (NR) 0.02 <0.01 0.005 <0.001 25 Arsenic as As mg/l 0.01 (0.05) <0.01 0.11 <0.01 <0.01 26 Copper as Cu mg/l 0.01 (NR) 0.20 <0.01 0.1 0.15 27 Lead as Pb mg/l 0.05 (NR) 0.09 0.08 0.02 <0.01 28 Manganese as Mn mg/l 0.1(0.3) 0.63 0.16 0.1 0.06 29 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.3(NR) <0.01 <0.01 0.19 0.27 30 Chromium as Cr+6 mg/l 0.05(NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 31 Selenium as Se mg/l 0.01(NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 32 Zinc as Zn mg/l 5(15) 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.11 33 Aluminum as Al mg/l 0.03(0.2) 0.02 0.02 0.19 0.07 34 Mercury as Hg mg/l 0.001(NR) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 35 Pesticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent 36 E. Coil - Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Total Coliforms MPN 37 10 <2 <2 /100ml <2 <2

June-2016 TABLE-3.5.6 SURFACE WATER QUALITY - JUNE 2016

Sr. No Parameters Units SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 1 pH - 7.4 7.3 7.4 7.5 2 Colour Hazen 6 4 8.0 5 3 Conductivity µS/cm 390 466 298 310 4 TDS mg/l 255 290 188 192 5 TSS mg/l 8 7 6 10 6 DO mg/l 6.2 6.0 5.9 6.3 7 BOD mg/l <3 <3 <3 <3 8 COD mg/l <5 <5 <5 <5

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Sr. No Parameters Units SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 9 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 97 138 51 55 10 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 89 130 30 34 11 Calcium as Ca mg/l 24.3 36.8 8.1 9.5 12 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 8.9 11.2 7.4 7.6 13 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 57.1 60.3 72.4 75.1 14 Residual free chlorine mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 15 Phosphates as PO4 mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 16 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 14.7 17.8 11.3 12.5 17 Fluorides as F mg/l 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 18 Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 6.3 8.4 0.7 0.9 19 Sodium as Na mg/l 38.8 40.5 40.1 41.8 20 Potassium as K mg/l 9.8 0.2 7.3 8.0 21 Total Boron as B mg/l 0.17 0.23 0.11 0.18 22 Phenolic Compounds mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 23 Cyanides mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 24 Oil & grease mg/l <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 25 Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 26 Arsenic as As mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 27 Copper as Cu mg/l 1.09 0.98 0.57 1.13 28 Lead as Pb mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 29 Iron as Fe mg/l 1.1 1.9 1.23 0.57 30 Chromium as Cr+6 mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 31 Selenium as Se mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 32 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.13 0.05 0.17 0.11 33 Aluminum as Al mg/l 0.83 0.97 0.82 1.83 34 Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 35 SAR - 1.71 1.50 2.45 2.37 36 Insecticides mg/l Ab Ab Ab Ab Anionic detergents as 37 mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 MBAS MPN/100 38 Total Coliforms 600 800 550 400 ml

TABLE-3.5.6 (Continued..) SURFACE WATER QUALITY - JUNE 2016

Sr. No Parameters Units SW5 SW6 SW7 SW8 1 pH - 7.5 7.2 7.5 7.6 2 Colour Hazen 5 7 6 4 3 Conductivity µS/cm 548 385 471 622 4 TDS mg/l 365 255 310 400 5 TSS mg/l 10 14 8 6 6 DO mg/l 6.5 6.2 6.5 6.3 7 BOD mg/l <3 <3 <3 <3 8 COD mg/l <5 <5 <5 <5 9 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 173 124 128 182 10 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 230 135 155 180 11 Calcium as Ca mg/l 48.7 25.8 33.2 44.8 12 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 12.5 14.4 10.9 16.9 13 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 18.4 25 40.3 71.1 14 Residual free chlorine mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 15 Phosphates as PO4 mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 16 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 15.8 18 21.2 29.5 17 Fluorides as F mg/l 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.5 18 Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 9.1 7 10.2 12 19 Sodium as Na mg/l 41.2 28.4 47.2 51.8 20 Potassium as K mg/l 9.6 6.6 9.3 13.9 21 Total Boron as B mg/l 0.29 0.22 0.185 0.11 22 Phenolic Compounds mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 23 Cyanides mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

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Sr. No Parameters Units SW5 SW6 SW7 SW8 24 Oil & grease mg/l <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 25 Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 26 Arsenic as As mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 27 Copper as Cu mg/l 0.74 0.39 0.51 0.53 28 Lead as Pb mg/l 0.04 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 29 Iron as Fe mg/l 1.05 0.09 1.05 0.27 30 Chromium as Cr+6 mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 31 Selenium as Se mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 32 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.18 0.07 0.1 0.13 33 Aluminum as Al mg/l 0.57 0.82 0.16 0.09 34 Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 35 SAR - 1.36 1.11 1.82 1.67 36 Insecticides mg/l absent absent absent absent 37 Anionic detergents as MBAS mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 38 Total Coliforms MPN/100 200 180 200 190

TABLE-3.5.7 GROUNDWATER QUALITY- JUNE 2016

Sr. IS: 10500 Parameters Units GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 No Limits 1 pH - 6.5 – 8.5 (NR) 7.3 7.6 7.4 7.3 2 Colour Hazen 5(15) 6 4 3 2 3 Taste - Agreeable Ag Ag Ag Ag 4 Odour - Agreeable Ag Ag Ag Ag 5 Conductivity µS/cm $ 1010 652 2084 1598 6 Turbidity NTU 5(10) 2 4 3 4 7 TDS mg/l 500(2000) 635 423 1287 985 8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 200(600) 260 187 504 401 9 Total Alkalinity mg/l 200(600) 230 185 452 327 10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 75(200) 72.3 50.3 48.9 96.7 11 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 30(100) 19.2 14.9 50.2 38.7 12 Residual Chlorine mg/l 0.2 (1.0) <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 13 Boron as B mg/l 0.5(1.0) 0.27 0.45 0.19 0.18 14 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 250(1000) 145.6 86.9 348.3 245 15 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 200(400) 55.1 18.6 69.9 93.2 16 Fluorides as F mg/l 1.0(1.5) 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.3 17 Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 45(NR) 7.5 12.1 15.2 19.4 18 Sodium as Na mg/l $ 102.2 63.2 212.2 155 19 Potassium as K mg/l $ 15.1 8.9 23.2 40.8 20 Phenolic Compounds mg/l 0.001(0.002) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 21 Cyanides as CN mg/l 0.05 (NR) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 22 Anionic Detergents mg/l 0.2 (1.0) <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 23 Mineral Oil mg/l 0.5 (NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 24 Cadmium as Cd mg/l 0.003 (NR) 0.01 <0.001 0.03 <0.001 25 Arsenic as As mg/l 0.01 (0.05) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 26 Copper as Cu mg/l 0.01 (NR) 0.19 0.63 0.69 0.13 27 Lead as Pb mg/l 0.05 (NR) 0.04 0.08 0.07 <0.01 28 Manganese as Mn mg/l 0.1(0.3) 0.13 0.04 0.19 0.08 29 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.3(NR) 0.23 0.87 0.70 0.61 30 Chromium as Cr+6 mg/l 0.05(NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 31 Selenium as Se mg/l 0.01(NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 32 Zinc as Zn mg/l 5(15) 0.09 0.12 0.25 0.13 33 Aluminum as Al mg/l 0.03(0.2) 0.13 0.18 0.08 0.02 34 Mercury as Hg mg/l 0.001(NR) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 35 Pesticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent 36 E. Coil - Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Total Coliforms MPN/ 37 10 <2 <2 <2 <2 100 ml Note: ($) Indicates no limits have been specified; Uo: Unobjectionable; Ag: Agreeable

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TABLE-3.5.7 (Continued…) GROUNDWATER QUALITY- JUNE 2016

Sr. IS: 10500 Parameters Units GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 No Limits 1 pH - 6.5 – 8.5 (NR) 7.2 7.5 7.2 7.5 2 Colour Hazen 5(15) 4 4 5 3 3 Taste - Agreeable Ag Ag Ag Ag 4 Odour - Agreeable Ag Ag Ag Ag 5 Conductivity µS/cm $ 590 896 1510 1098 6 Turbidity NTU 5(10) 5 4 3 4 7 TDS mg/l 500(2000) 358 570 980 720 Total Hardness as mg/l 8 200(600) 155 CaCO3 217 284 279 9 Total Alkalinity mg/l 200(600) 145 227 385 360 10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 75(200) 40.5 62.4 79.6 65.5 11 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 30(100) 13.1 14.8 20.7 27.9 12 Residual Chlorine mg/l 0.2 (1.0) <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 13 Boron as B mg/l 0.5(1.0) 0.29 0.15 0.11 0.08 14 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 250(1000) 68.4 120 198.6 106.5 15 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 200(400) 39.2 45.3 68.9 38.7 16 Fluorides as F mg/l 1.0(1.5) 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.5 17 Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 45(NR) 12.2 15.8 10.2 11.5 18 Sodium as Na mg/l $ 57.9 98.3 192.3 112.5 19 Potassium as K mg/l $ 10.3 11.2 38.7 21.1 20 Phenolic Compounds mg/l 0.001(0.002) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 21 Cyanides as CN mg/l 0.05 (NR) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 22 Anionic Detergents mg/l 0.2 (1.0) <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 23 Mineral Oil mg/l 0.5 (NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 24 Cadmium as Cd mg/l 0.003 (NR) <0.001 <0.001 0.008 <0.001 25 Arsenic as As mg/l 0.01 (0.05) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 26 Copper as Cu mg/l 0.01 (NR) 0.23 0.13 0.08 0.11 27 Lead as Pb mg/l 0.05 (NR) 0.02 <0.01 0.04 <0.01 28 Manganese as Mn mg/l 0.1(0.3) 0.01 0.13 0.08 0.12 29 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.3(NR) 0.28 <0.01 0.15 0.23 30 Chromium as Cr+6 mg/l 0.05(NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 31 Selenium as Se mg/l 0.01(NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 32 Zinc as Zn mg/l 5(15) 0.06 0.05 <0.01 0.08 33 Aluminum as Al mg/l 0.03(0.2) 0.04 0.02 0.12 0.1 34 Mercury as Hg mg/l 0.001(NR) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 35 Pesticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent 36 E. Coil - Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent 37 Total Coliforms MPN/100 10 <2 <2 <2 <2

The discussion on the analytical results of water samples for premonsoon season is presented in the following sections.

3.5.3.1 Surface Water Quality

 The results of surface water sample analysis indicate that the pH value was observed to be in the range of 7.1 to 7.7, which are well within the specified standards of 6.5 to 8.5.

 Electrical conductivity of surface water samples was observed to be in the range of 261 µS/cm to 731 µS/cm.

 The dissolved oxygen was observed in the range of 5.6 mg/l to 6.7 mg/l.

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 The total hardness was found to be in the range of 30 mg/l to 206 mg/l. Maximum concentration was found in Mandovi river near Ambesi river (SW8) and the minimum was in Mandovi river near Waghurme village (SW2) location are well within the standards.

 The chloride concentration was observed in the range of 24.3 mg/l to 98.8 mg/l and the sulphates were found to be in the range of 6.3 mg/l to 35.6 mg/l.

 Fluoride content was found to be in the range of 0.2 mg/l and 0.7 mg/l which is within the standard limits.

 Cyanides and Phenolic compounds found to be below detection limits.

 Bacteriological studies revealed that the total coliform count is measured 130- 900 MPN/100ml.

3.5.3.2 Ground Water Quality

 The analysis results of ground water samples showed the pH in range of 7.1 -7.6 which are with the specified standard limits of 6.5 to 8.5.

 Color and turbidity of the samples ranged from 2-5 Hazens and 2-4 NTU respectively.

 Electrical conductivity of the samples ranged from 681-2285 µS/cm. The maximum value was observed at Amona (GW3), and where as the minimum value was observed at Phanaswadi (GW5).

 The total hardness of the samples ranged from 191-560 mg/l. The maximum value was observed in Amona (GW3) and whereas the minimum value observed at Phanaswadi (GW5).

 Calcium and magnesium concentrations ranged from 49.2-125.5 mg/l and 16.1- 59.8mg/l respectively.

 The total dissolved solids of the samples ranged from 453-1530 mg/l. The maximum value was observed in Amona (GW3) and whereas the minimum value observed at Phanaswadi (GW5). The TDS values are within the stipulated 2000 mg/l.

 Range of chlorides and sulphates concentrations at all the locations 102.2 -365.8 mg/l and 20.4-110.8 mg/l respectively.

 Fluoride concentration are ranging between 0.3-0.8 mg/l and are found to be within the permissible limits.

 Similarly, nitrates are also found to be ranging in between 8.9– 22.5 mg/l.

 Iron concentration in ground waters varied from <0.01-0.75 mg/l. Zinc levels varied from 0.05 mg/l to 0.28 mg/l respectively.

 Aluminium concentration in ground water is 0.02 – 0.19 mg/l which are within the limits stipulated. VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-59 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

 All other metal concentrations are observed to be below detectable limits.

 Bacteriological studies revealed the absence of E.coli in ground water samples. The Total coliform counts is <2 in all the samples against the standard limit of 10 MPN/100 ml.

Based on the above results, it is evident that all of the parameters in ground water fairly meet the desirable standard limits of IS: 10500.

The discussion on the analytical results of water samples for June 2016 is presented in the following sections.

3.5.3.1 Surface Water Quality

 The results of surface water sample analysis indicate that the pH value was observed to be in the range of 7.2 to 7.6, which are well within the specified standards of 6.5 to 8.5.

 Electrical conductivity of surface water samples was observed to be in the range of 298 µS/cm to 622 µS/cm.

 The dissolved oxygen was observed in the range of 5.9 mg/l to 6.5 mg/l.

 The total hardness was found to be in the range of 51 mg/l to 182 mg/l. Maximum concentration was found in Mandovi river near Ambesi (SW8) and the minimum was in Kumbarjuwa nadi (SW3) location are well within the standards.

 The chloride concentration was observed in the range of 18.4 mg/l to 75.1 mg/l and the Sulphates were found to be in the range of 11.3 mg/l to 29.5 mg/l. Both the parameters are well within the prescribed limits.

 Fluoride content was found to be in the range of 0.4 mg/l and 0.6 mg/l which is within the standard limits.

 Cyanides and phenolic compounds found to be below detection limits.

 Bacteriological studies revealed that the total coliform count is measured 180- 800 MPN/100ml.

3.5.3.2 Ground Water Quality

 The analysis results of ground water samples showed the pH in range of 7.2 -7.6 which are with the specified standard limits of 6.5 to 8.5.

 Color and turbidity of the samples ranged from 2-6 Hazens and 2-5 NTU respectively.

 Electrical conductivity of the samples ranged from 590-2084 µS/cm. The maximum value was observed at Amona (GW3) and whereas the minimum value was observed at Phanaswadi (GW5).

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 The total hardness of the samples ranged from 155-504 mg/l. The maximum value was observed in Amona (GW3) and whereas the minimum value observed at Phanaswadi (GW5).

 Calcium and magnesium concentrations ranged from 40.5-96.7 mg/l and 13.1- 50.2mg/l respectively.

 The total dissolved solids of the samples ranged from 358-1287 mg/l. The maximum value was observed in Amona (GW3) and whereas the minimum value observed at Phanaswadi (GW5).The TDS values are within the stipulated 2000 mg/l.

 Range of chlorides and sulphates concentrations at all the locations 68.4 -348.3 mg/l and 18.6-93.2 mg/l respectively.

 Fluoride concentration are ranging between 0.3-0.8 mg/l and are found to be within the permissible limits.

 Similarly, nitrates are also found to be ranging in between 7.5– 19.4 mg/l.

 Iron concentration in ground water varied from <0.01-0.87 mg/l. Zinc levels varied from <0.01 mg/l to 0.25 mg/l respectively.

 Aluminium concentration in ground water is 0.02 – 0.18 mg/l which are within the limits stipulated.

3.6 Soil Characteristics

It is essential to determine the potential of soil in the area and identify the current impacts of urbanization and industrialization on soil quality and also predict impacts, which may arise due to the proposed project. Accordingly, a study of assessment of the baseline soil quality has been carried out.

3.6.1 Data Generation

For studying soil profile of the region, sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil conditions in and around the plant area representing various land use conditions. The physical, chemical and heavy metal concentrations were determined. The samples were collected by ramming a core-cutter into the soil up to a depth of 90 cm.

The present study of the soil profile establishes the baseline characteristics and this will help in future identification of the incremental concentrations if any, due to the operation of the plant. The sampling locations have been identified with the following objectives:

 To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area;  To determine the impact of industrialization on soil characteristics; and  To determine the impact on soils more importantly from agricultural productivity point of view.

Ten locations in and around the proposed plant area were selected for soil sampling. At each location, soil samples were collected from three different

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depths viz. 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm below the surface and are homogenized. This is in line with IS: 2720 and Methods of Soil Analysis, Part-1, 2nd edition, 1986 of (American Society for Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America). The homogenized samples were analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics. The soil samples were collected during pre-monsoon season.

The samples have been analyzed as per the established scientific methods for physico-chemical parameters. The heavy metals have been analyzed by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and Inductive Coupled Plasma Analyzer. The methodology adopted for each parameter is described in Table-3.6.1.

TABLE-3.6.1 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR SOIL ANALYSIS

Parameter Method (ASTM Number) Grain size distribution Sieve analysis (D 422 – 63) Textural classification Chart developed by Public Roads Administration Bulk density Sand replacement, core cutter Sodium absorption ratio Flame photometric (D 1428-82) pH pH meter (D 1293-84) Electrical conductivity Conductivity meter (D 1125-82) Nitrogen Kjeldahl distillation (D 3590-84) Phosphorus Molybdenum blue, colourimetric (D 515-82) Potassium Flame photometric (D 1428-82) Iron AAS (D 1068-84) Zinc AAS (D 1691-84) Boron Surcumin, colourimetric (D 3082-79) Chlorides Argentometric (D 512-81 Rev 85)

The details of the sampling locations are given in Table-3.6.2 and are shown in Figure-3.6.1. The results and standard classification are given in Table-3.6.3, Table-3.6.4 and Table-3.6.5.

TABLE-3.6.2 DETAILS OF SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Station Name of the Station Distance (km) Direction Code S1 Proposed DI pipe plant site -- -- S2 Existing hot metal plant 2.0 NW S3 Amona 2.9 NW S4 Sanquelim 5.1 N S5 Phanaswadi 2.0 NE S6 Pissurlem 6.6 ENE S7 Cotombi 4.7 SE S8 Savoi Verem 2.7 SSE S9 Banastarim 5.3 WSW S10 Jua 5.8 WNW

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FIGURE-3.6.1 SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS

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TABLE-3.6.3 SOIL ANALYSIS RESULTS-PRE-MONSOON SEASON (2016)

Sr. Parameter UOM S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 No 1 pH (1:5 Aq. Extract) --- 5.7 7.1 5.5 7.8 5.3 2 Conductivity (1:5 Aq. S/cm 55.9 28.7 74.4 96.6 183.3 Extract) 3 Texture % Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy clay clay clay clay clay 4 Sand % 48 51 46 45 54 5 Silt % 23 21 29 24 20 6 Clay % 29 28 25 31 26 7 Bulk density g/cc 1.21 1.13 1.17 1.25 1.10 8 Exchangeable calcium as Ca mg/kg 1000.7 1501.4 1301.6 3105.9 701.4 9 Exchangeable magnesium as mg/kg 304.0 121.4 60.7 182.3 60.8 Mg 10 Exchangeable sodium as Na mg/kg 80.4 8.5 30.0 10 6.5 11 Sodium absorption ratio -- 0.04 0.51 0.05 0.19 0.04 (SAR) 12 Available nitrogen as N kg/hac 275.7 148.3 548.1 118.8 269.8 13 Available phosphorous as P kg/hac 46.2 40.7 44.1 59.0 40.8 14 Available potassium as K kg/hac 300.6 114.6 242.8 213.1 123.6 15 Organic carbon % 2.35 1.35 4.84 0.98 2.53 16 Organic matter % 4.05 2.34 8.34 1.69 4.36 17 Water soluble chloride as Cl mg/kg 14.2 35.4 42.5 70.8 49.6 18 Water soluble sulphate as mg/kg 15.7 16.9 42.5 56.4 110.6 SO4 19 Aluminium % 6.29 5.57 7.12 5.12 7.58 20 Total iron % 10.8 18.8 8.68 16.51 11.24 21 Manganese mg/kg 1613.3 2694.0 4384.7 3565.8 3578.5 22 Boron mg/kg 18.3 28.9 14.1 9.8 11.6 23 Zinc mg/kg 95.9 61.7 92.0 74.8 75.8

TABLE-3.6.3 (Contd..) SOIL ANALYSIS RESULTS-PRE-MONSOON SEASON (2016)

Sr. Parameter UOM S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 No 1 pH (1:5 Aq. Extract) --- 5.9 5.8 5.4 5.4 5.5 2 Conductivity (1:5 Aq. S/cm 40.0 34.5 35.9 74.1 34.2 Extract) 3 Texture % Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy clay clay clay clay clay 4 Sand % 52 49 53 50 44 5 Silt % 25 24 21 29 29 6 Clay % 23 27 26 21 27 7 Bulk density g/cc 1.07 1.12 1.15 1.11 1.18 8 Exchangeable calcium as Ca mg/kg 1001.7 400.1 801.5 1498.2 1502.8 9 Exchangeable magnesium as mg/kg 181.8 182.3 60.7 182.4 121.6 Mg 10 Exchangeable sodium as Na mg/kg 30.0 5.0 6.5 29.9 5.0 11 Sodium absorption ratio -- 0.14 0.15 0.04 0.04 0.03 (SAR) 12 Available nitrogen as N kg/hac 247.6 109.9 470.6 204.7 195.4 13 Available phosphorous as P kg/hac 40.9 47.7 40.0 40.5 45.1 14 Available potassium as K kg/hac 317.5 65.8 207.6 135.5 145.4 15 Organic carbon % 2.39 1.01 4.22 1.90 1.71 16 Organic matter % 4.12 1.75 7.28 3.28 2.95 17 Water soluble chloride as Cl mg/kg 42.5 49.6 56.6 63.8 49.6 18 Water soluble sulphate as mg/kg 31.6 20.4 22.1 42 20.6 SO4 19 Aluminium % 6.77 1.83 7.64 4.72 3.56

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Sr. Parameter UOM S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 No 20 Total iron % 11.4 13.91 9.63 8.69 7.68 21 Manganese mg/kg 1597.9 4778.5 5077.8 3546.0 3213 22 Boron mg/kg 5.4 6.2 7.8 4.7 12.6 23 Zinc mg/kg 57.6 35.9 86.9 86.9 92.7

TABLE-3.6.4 SOIL ANALYSIS RESULTS -PART OF MONSOON SEASON (JUNE 2016)

Sr. Parameter UOM S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 No 1 pH (1:5 Aq. Extract) --- 6.3 7.2 7.5 6.9 7.2 2 Conductivity (1:5 Aq. S/cm 39.3 86.9 125.1 163.3 Extract) 43.7 3 Texture % Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy clay clay clay clay clay 4 Sand % 45 50 44 49 50 5 Silt % 21 19 24 22 23 6 Clay % 34 31 32 29 27 7 Bulk density g/cc 1.16 1.09 1.15 1.20 1.08 8 Exchangeable calcium as Ca mg/kg 986.9 1398.6 1412.9 3459.6 864.7 9 Exchangeable magnesium as mg/kg 98.7 54.6 168.7 53.3 Mg 298.6 10 Exchangeable sodium as Na mg/kg 60.3 20.9 35.4 37.3 24.3 11 Sodium absorption ratio -- 0.05 0.49 0.07 0.13 0.05 (SAR) 12 Available nitrogen as N kg/hac 236.6 129.8 476.4 107.2 253.6 13 Available phosphorous as P kg/hac 58.9 47.4 42.9 64.3 43.7 14 Available potassium as K kg/hac 264.4 123.6 203.9 316.4 118.9 15 Organic carbon % 2.07 1.19 2.83 0.08 2.07 16 Organic matter % 3.56 2.05 4.87 0.13 3.56 17 Water soluble chloride as Cl mg/kg 29.6 44.5 23.9 65.4 53.7 18 Water soluble sulphate as mg/kg 18.9 24.4 55.9 38.6 24.3 SO4 19 Aluminium % 5.23 6.19 5.88 6.23 8.13 20 Total iron % 9.85 21.44 7.88 18.34 12.39 21 Manganese mg/kg 1584 3115.9 5124.4 3596.8 3639.8 22 Boron mg/kg 15.4 25.7 18.3 24.4 16.3 23 Zinc mg/kg 76.3 75.9 88.2 65.9 72.4

TABLE-3.6.4 (Contd..) SOIL ANALYSIS RESULTS-PART OF MONSOON SEASON (JUNE 2016)

Sr. No Parameter UOM S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 1 pH (1:5 Aq. Extract) --- 6.3 6.9 7.3 7.1 6.9 2 Conductivity (1:5 Aq. S/cm 38.5 41.3 32.5 68.9 32.3 Extract) 3 Texture % Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy clay clay clay clay clay 4 Sand % 50 46 50 48 40 5 Silt % 21 21 19 27 25 6 Clay % 29 33 31 25 35 7 Bulk density g/cc 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.1 8 Exchangeable calcium as mg/kg 965.4 364.4 798.4 1498.3 Ca 1365.2 9 Exchangeable magnesium mg/kg 172.3 165.1 54.9 165.3 118.4 as Mg 10 Exchangeable sodium as mg/kg 25.1 29.5 4.2 5.4 4.2 Na 11 Sodium absorption ratio -- 0.11 0.11 0.06 0.02 0.02 (SAR) 12 Available nitrogen as N kg/hac 206.3 89.4 416.3 188.4 176.5 13 Available phosphorous as kg/hac 41.2 56.3 42.7 48.9 44.6

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Sr. No Parameter UOM S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 P 14 Available potassium as K kg/hac 289.6 52.3 196.4 123.5 129.5 15 Organic carbon % 1.88 0.97 3.11 0.98 1.16 16 Organic matter % 3.24 1.67 5.36 1.68 1.99 17 Water soluble chloride as mg/kg 58.7 38.4 44.3 51.1 42.9 Cl 18 Water soluble sulphate as mg/kg 28.3 20.1 15.7 35.2 16.4 SO4 19 Aluminium % 8.23 2.77 8.11 4.29 3.20 20 Total iron % 10.11 14.11 9.01 8.02 6.58 21 Manganese mg/kg 1624 4706 4824 3316 2986 22 Boron mg/kg 18.2 12.4 10.9 8.6 11.4 23 Zinc mg/kg 65.4 28.4 87.6 56.9 83.3

TABLE-3.6.5 STANDARD SOIL CLASSIFICATION

Sr. No. Soil Test Classification 1 pH <4.5 extremely acidic 4.51- 5.50 very strongly acidic 5.51-6.00 moderately acidic 6.01-6.50 slightly acidic 6.51-7.30 neutral 7.31-7.80 slightly alkaline 7.81-8.50 moderately alkaline 8.51-9.0 strongly alkaline 9.01 very strongly alkaline 2 Salinity electrical conductivity (µmhos/cm) Up to 1.00 average (1ppm = 640 µmho/cm) 1.01-2.00 harmful to germination 2.01-3.00 harmful to crops (sensitive to salts) 3 Organic carbon (%) Up to 0.2: very less 0.21-0.4: less 0.41-0.5 medium, 0.51-0.8: on an average sufficient 0.81-1.00: sufficient >1.0 more than sufficient 4 Nitrogen (Kg/ha) Up to 50 very less 51-100 less 101-150 good 151-300 Better >300 sufficient 5 Phosphorus (Kg/ha) Up to 15 very less 16-30 less 31-50 medium, 51-65 on an average sufficient 66-80 sufficient >80 more than sufficient 6 Potash (Kg/ha) 0 -120 very less 120-180 less 181-240 medium 241-300 average 301-360 better >360 more than sufficient Source: Hand Book of Agriculture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research

3.6.2 Baseline Soil Status

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Pre-monsoon Season

 It has been observed that the pH of the soil in the study area ranged from 5.3 to 7.8. The maximum pH value of 7.8 was observed at Sanquelim (S4) and whereas the minimum value of 5.3 was observed at Phanaswadi (S5).

 The electrical conductivity was observed to be in the range of 28.7 µmhos/cm to 183.3 µmhos/cm with the maximum observed at Sanquelim (S4) and the minimum observed in proposed DI pipe plant site (S1).

 The nitrogen values range between 109.9 to 548.1 kg/ha. The nitrogen content in the study area is good to sufficient.

 The phosphorus values range between 40 to 59 kg/ha, indicating that the phosphorus content in the study area falls in very medium to on an average sufficient category.

 The potassium values range between 65.8 – 317.5 kg/ha. The potassium content in the study area falls in very less to better category.

 The chlorides were found to be in the range of 14.2 – 70.8 mg/kg of soil.

June 2016

 It has been observed that the pH of the soil in the study area ranged from 6.3 to 7.5. The maximum pH value of 7.5 was observed at Amona (S3) and whereas the minimum value of 6.3 was observed at proposed DI pipe plant site (S1) and Pissurlem (S6).

 The electrical conductivity was observed to be in the range of 32.3 µmhos/cm to 163.3 µmhos/cm, with the maximum observed at Sanquelim (S4) and the minimum observed in Jua (S10).

 The nitrogen values range between 89.4 to 476.4 kg/ha. The nitrogen content in the study area is less to sufficient.

 The phosphorus values range between 41.2 to 64.3 kg/ha, indicating that the phosphorus content in the study area falls in medium to on an average sufficient category.

 The potassium values range between 52.3 – 316.4 kg/ha. The potassium content in the study area falls in very less to better category.

 The chlorides were found to be in the range of 23.9 – 65.4 mg/kg of soil.

3.7 Noise Level Survey

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The environmental assessment of noise from the plant activity and vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological responses, and annoyance and general community responses.

The impact of noise sources on surrounding community depends on:

 Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in nature). It can be observed that steady noise is not as annoying as one which is continuously varying in loudness;

 The time of day at which noise occurs, for example high noise levels at night in residential areas are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance; and

 The location of the noise source, with respect to noise sensitive land use, which determines the loudness and period of exposure.

The environmental impact of noise can have several effects varying from Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) to annoyance depending on loudness of noise. The environmental impact assessment of noise from the existing plant operations and vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological responses, and annoyance and general community responses.

The main objective of noise monitoring in the study area is to establish the baseline noise levels, and assess the impact of the total noise expected to be generated by the operation of the plant facilities around it.

3.7.1 Identification of Sampling Locations

A preliminary reconnaissance survey has been undertaken to identify the major noise generating sources in and around the plant site area. Noise at different noise generating sources has been identified based on the activities in the village area and ambient noise due to traffic.

The noise monitoring has been conducted for determination of ambient noise levels at ten locations in the study area for pre monsoon season and June 2016. The noise levels at each location were recorded for 24 hours. The environment settings of noise monitoring locations in ten areas is given in Table-3.7.1 and shown in Figure-3.7.1.

3.7.2 Method of Monitoring

Sound Pressure Level (SPL) measurements were measured at all locations. The readings were taken for every hour for 24 hours. The day noise levels have been monitored during 6 am to 10 pm and night levels during 10 pm to 6 am at all the locations covered in 10 km radius of the study area.

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TABLE- 3.7.1 DETAILS OF NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS

Location Noise Sampling Distance (km) Direction Code Location N1 Proposed DI pipe plant site -- -- N2 Existing hot metal plant 2.0 NW N3 Amona 2.9 NW N4 Sanquelim 5.1 N N5 Phanaswadi 2.0 NE N6 Pissurlem 6.6 ENE N7 Cotombi 4.7 SE N8 Savoi Verem 2.7 SSE N9 Banastarim 5.3 WSW N10 Jua 5.8 WNW

3.7.3 Methodology of Data Generation

3.7.3.1 Instrument Used for Monitoring

Noise levels were measured using integrated sound level meter manufactured by Quest Technologies, USA (Model No.2900). The integrating sound level meter is an integrating/logging type with Octave filter attachment (model OB-100) with frequency range of 31.5 to 16000 Hz. This instrument is capable of measuring the Sound Pressure Level (SPL), Leq and octave band frequency analysis.

3.7.3.2 Method of Monitoring

Noise level monitoring was carried out continuously for 24 hours with one hour interval starting at 06:00 hrs to 06:00 hrs next day. During each hour, Leq were directly computed by the instrument based on the sound pressure levels. Lday (Ld), Lnight (Ln) and Ldn values were computed using corresponding hourly Leq of day and night respectively. Monitoring was carried out at ‘A’ response and fast mode.

3.7.3.3 Parameters Measured During Monitoring

For noise levels measured over a given period of time, it is possible to describe important features of noise using statistical quantities. This is calculated using the percent of the time certain noise levels are exceeding the time interval. The notation for the statistical quantities of noise levels are described below:

 L10 is the noise level exceeded 10 percent of the time;  L50 is the noise level exceeded 50 percent of the time; and  L90 is the noise level exceeded 90 percent of the time.

Equivalent Sound Pressure Level (Leq):

The Leq is the equivalent continuous sound level, which is equivalent to the same sound energy as the actual fluctuating sound measured in the same period. This is necessary because sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given period of time. This is calculated from the following equation: (L _L )2 L = L + 10 90 eq 50 60 VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-69 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

Lday is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during day (6 am to 10 pm).

Lnight is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during night (10 pm to 6 am).

Day-Night Sound Level (Ldn):

The noise rating developed for community noise from all sources is the Day-Night Sound Level (Ldn). It is similar to a 24 hr equivalent sound level except that during night time period (10 pm to 6 am) a 10 dB (A) weighting penalty is added to the instantaneous sound level before computing the 24 hr average.

This night time penalty is added to account for the fact that the noise during night, when people are usually in sleep, is judged as more annoying than the same noise during the day time.

The Ldn for a given location in a community may be calculated from the hourly Leq’s, by the following equation.

Ld / 10 (Ln +10) / 10 Ldn = 10log{1/ 24[16(10 ) + 8(10 )]}

Where Ld is the equivalent sound level during the day time (6 am to 10 pm) and Ln is the equivalent sound level during the night time (10 pm to 6 am).

3.7.4 Presentation of Results

The statistical analysis is done for measured noise levels at ten locations. The parameters are analyzed for L10, L50, L90, Leq, Lday, Lnight, and Ldn. The statistical analysis results are given in Table- 3.7.2 & Table 3.7.3.

TABLE-3.7.2 NOISE LEVELS [dB (A)] IN THE STUDY AREA (PRE -MONSOON SEASON 2016)

Station Location L10 L50 L90 Leq Lday Lnight Ldn Code N1 Proposed DI pipe plant site 42.2 38.4 34.9 39.3 39.9 36.9 43.9 N2 Existing hot metal plant 59.1 55.4 51.8 56.3 56.9 53.7 60.7 N3 Amona 50.1 46.2 42.4 47.2 48.1 44.5 51.6 N4 Sanquelim 49.2 45.6 41.9 46.5 47.0 44.0 51.0 N5 Phanaswadi 47.3 43.4 39.6 44.4 45.4 41.5 48.7 N6 Pissurlem 46.2 42.5 38.9 43.4 43.9 41.0 48.0 N7 Cotombi 44.3 40.7 37.0 41.6 42.1 39.0 46.0 N8 Savoi Verem 46.6 42.8 39.3 43.7 44.6 41.4 48.4 N9 Banastarim 49.1 45.5 41.8 46.4 46.9 43.8 50.8 N10 Jua 45.1 41.3 37.8 42.2 43.1 39.9 46.9

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FIGURE-3.7.1 NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS

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TABLE-3.7.3 NOISE LEVELS [dB (A)] IN THE STUDY AREA (JUNE 2016)

Station Location L10 L50 L90 Leq Lday Lnight Ldn Code N1 Proposed DI pipe plant site 40.2 36.4 32.9 37.3 37.9 34.9 41.9 N2 Existing hot metal plant 56.1 52.4 48.8 53.3 53.9 50.7 57.7 N3 Amona 48.1 44.2 40.4 45.2 46.1 42.5 49.6 N4 Sanquelim 46.9 43.3 39.6 44.2 44.7 41.7 48.7 N5 Phanaswadi 45.3 41.4 37.6 42.4 43.4 39.5 46.7 N6 Pissurlem 43.1 39.4 35.8 40.3 40.8 37.9 44.9 N7 Cotombi 45.3 41.7 38.0 42.6 43.1 40.0 47.0 N8 Savoi Verem 48.6 44.8 41.3 45.7 46.6 43.4 50.4 N9 Banastarim 48.1 44.5 40.8 45.4 45.9 42.8 49.8 N10 Jua 49.1 45.3 41.8 46.2 47.1 43.9 50.9

3.7.5 Observations

Premonsoon Season (March-May 2016)

Day time Noise Levels (Lday)

The day time noise levels at all the locations were ranged between 39.9 to 56.9 dB(A). The minimum value (39.9 dB(A)) was recorded at proposed DI pipe plant site(N1) and the maximum value (56.9 dB (A)) was recorded at existing hot metal plant site (N2).

Night time Noise Levels (Lnight)

The night time noise levels were ranged between 36.9 to 53.7 dB (A). The minimum value (36.9 dB (A)) was recorded at proposed DI pipe plant site(N1)and the maximum value (53.7 dB (A)) was recorded at existing hot metal plant site (N2).

June 2016

Day time Noise Levels (Lday)

The day time noise levels at all the locations were ranged between 37.9 to 53.9 dB(A). The minimum value (37.9 dB(A)) was recorded at proposed DI pipe plant site(N1) and the maximum value 53.9 dB(A) was recorded at existing hot metal plant site (N2).

Night time Noise Levels (Lnight)

The night time noise levels were ranged between 34.9 dB(A) to 50.7 dB(A).The minimum value 34.9 dB(A) was recorded at proposed DI pipe plant site(N1)and the maximum value was recorded at 50.7 dB(A) was recorded at existing hot metal plant site (N2).

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3.8 Flora and Fauna Studies

3.8.1 Introduction

Ecological studies are one of the important aspects of environmental impact assessment with a view to conserve environmental quality and biodiversity. Ecological systems show complex inter-relationships between biotic and abiotic components including dependence, competition and mutualism. Biotic components comprise of both plant and animal communities, which interact not only within and between themselves but also with the abiotic components viz. physical and chemical components of the environment. Relevant details on terrestrial and aquatic life within the study area were collected from related government offices. Detailed flora and fauna studies have been carried out in and around plant area during study period to assess the present floristic and faunal composition in the study area.

Most of the background data needs to be acquired from the government agencies or the scientific literature. This information is typically complemented by field visit, site surveys and sample collection. The description of the actual ecological assessment provided by the ecological baseline study serves to set a reference for the subsequent impact analysis. Moreover, it helps decision-makers and EIA reviewers to become familiar with the environmental features and the needs of the study area.

3.8.2 Objectives of the Study

The present study was undertaken with the following objectives to assess both terrestrial and aquatic habitats of the study area:

 To assess the nature and distribution of vegetation in and around the plant site;  To assess the flora and fauna in the study area;  To understand the ecology of the water bodies;  To ascertain the migratory routes of fauna, presence of breeding grounds and sensitive habitats in the study area, if any;  To assess the presence of protected areas in the study area;  To review the information from secondary sources and discuss the issues of concern with the relevant authority and stakeholders; and  Impact prediction based on primary and secondary data sources to formulate mitigation measures.

3.8.3 Methodology

To achieve the above objectives a detailed study of the area was undertaken within 10 km radius from the plant site. The different methods adopted were as follows:

 Generation of primary data by undertaking systematic ecological studies in the study area;

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 Primary data collection for flora through random sampling method for trees, shrubs and herbs from the selected locations to know the vegetation cover qualitatively;  To spot the fauna in the study area and also to identify the fauna by secondary indicators such as pugmarks, scats, fecal pellets, calls and other signs;  For ecological information, the secondary sources such as local officials, villagers and other stakeholders were interviewed; and  Sourcing secondary data with respect to the study area from published literature.

The list of terrestrial and aquatic sampling locations in the study area is presented in Table-3.8.1 and shown in Figure-3.8.1.

TABLE-3.8.1 LIST OF ECOLOGICAL SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Code Name of the Locations Distance from Direction w.r.t. Plant Plant Site (Km) Site Terrestrial Ecological Locations TE-1 Project site - - TE-2 Amona 2.9 NW TE-3 Banastarim 5.3 WSW TE-4 Mardol 8.0 SSW Aquatic Ecological Locations AE-1 Mandovi river near Amona 3.5 WNW AE-2 Mandovi river near Cotombi 5.0 SSE

The coastal vegetation based on the primary data and supported by Goa Forest Department, has been reviewed and incorporated below.

The vegetation is recorded based on the review of the primary and secondary review of the literature on the existing flora and fauna of the region.

The vegetation of the north Goa is dotted with mangrove creeks of Avicenna marina and other associate species. The vegetation near river creeks is dominated by the presence of macrophytes along with mangrove species.

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FIGURE-3.8.1 ECOLOGICAL SAMPLING LOCATIONS

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3.8.4 General Ecology of the Study Area

The great plant wealth and diversity of North Goa is due to immense variety of climate, altitude and edaphic factors, riparian areas such as Mandovi river and Kudne river within 10 sq. km area.

3.8.5 Wildlife Sanctuaries

The details of Wildlife Sanctuaries from the DI pipe are presented in Table-3.8.2.

TABLE-3.8.2 DETAILS OF WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES FROM THE PROPOSED DI PIPE PLANT SITE AT NAVELIM

Sr. Name of the Wildlife Distance From Distance from Plant Direction No Sanctuaries Plant Boundary to Boundary to Eco-Sensitive Sanctuary (km) Zone (km) 1 Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary 10.2 9.0 NE 2 Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary 11.1 10.2 SE 3 Dr.Salim Ali Sanctuary 14.3 14.1 W

3.8.6 Flora of the Core Area (Plant Site)

The plants commonly occurring in the core area, shrubs like Calotropis gigantea (Milkweed) were observed in the study area. The list of observed plant species in projectt site are presented in Table-3.8.3.

TABLE-3.8.3 FLORA OF THE CORE ZONE (PROJECT SITE)

Sr. No Scientific Name of Vegetation –Trees /Shrubs and Common Name Grasses Shrubs 1 Calotropis gigantea Milk Weed/Arkha 2 Achyranthes aspera Prickly Chaff flower 3 Zizyphyus oenoplia Jackal Jujube/Kanera Herbs and Grasses 1 Cynodon dactylon Nut grass /Nagar-Motha 2 Bambusa arundinacea Bamboo/Kanta Bans 3 Tridax procumbens Mexican daisy

3.8.7 Fauna of the Core Area

The species observed in the core zone were of common occurrence, mostly common birds such as common crow, Jungle crow, common sparrow and cattle egrets. The commonly observed mammals were squirrels and field rats. The list of animal species recorded in core area is presented in Table-3.8.4.

TABLE-3.8.4 FAUNA OF THE CORE ZONE (PROJECT SITE)

Sr. No. Scientific Name Common Name Conservation as per WPA (1972) Avian Fauna (Birds) 1 Acridotheres tristis Common myna Sch-IV 2 Passer domesticus House Sparrow Sch-IV 3 Bubulcus ibis Cattle egret Sch-IV 4 Egretta garzetta Little egret Sch-IV

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Sr. No. Scientific Name Common Name Conservation as per WPA (1972) 5 Corvus splendens House crow/ Kowa Sch-V 6 Tyto alba Barn Owl Sch-IV 7 Columba livia Blue –Rock Pigeon Sch-V Amphibians & Reptiles 1 Bufo melanosticus Common frog Sch-IV 2 Rana tigrina Bull frog Sch-IV 3 Calotes versicolor Common garden lizard Sch-IV Mammals 1 Bandicota indica Greater Bandicoot/ Sch-V 2 Funambulus palmarum Three Striped Palm Squirrel Sch-IV Insects 1 Paplio demoleus Common Swallowtail Butterfly - 2 Virachola isocrates Pomegrante Butterfly - 3 Papillio hymenstor Blue Mormon -

3.8.8 Flora (Buffer Zone)

The list of flora present in the buffer zone is listed in Table-3.8.5.

TABLE-3.8.5 FLORA OF THE BUFFER ZONE

Sr. No Scientific Name Common Name Trees 1 Acacia catechu Khair 2 Haldina adina cordifolia Hed 3 Aegle marmelos Bel 4 Albizzia lebbeck Shiras 5 Albizzia odorattisima Black Shiras/ Kaloshiras 6 Alstonia scholaris Satvan 7 Amoora lawii Burumbi 8 Anacardium occidentale Kaju 9 Anogeissus latifolia Dhanoda 10 Aporusa lindleyana Salai 11 Artocarpus lakoocha Otamb 12 Azadiractha indica Neem 13 Barringtonia acutangula Men/Kumbyo 14 Bauhinia racemosa Apto 15 Bauhinia vahlii Mavlii/ Camelfoot creeper 16 Bombax ceiba Savar 17 Bridelia retusa Khatem/ Asan 18 Buchnania lanzan Chironji/ Chara 19 Butea monosperma Palas 20 Callicarpa tomentosa Phalyo 21 Callophyllum inophyllum Undi 22 Calycopteris floribunda Uski 23 Carallia brachiata Panshi/ Makad Bhiran 24 Careya arborea Kumbyo 25 Caryota urens Birlo mad/ Fish tail palm 26 Cassia fistula Bayo/Balo/Amaltas 27 Artocarpus integrifolia Phanas 28 Cinnamomum zeylanicum Tikhil/Cinnamon 29 Corypha umbraculifera Karetel palm/Talipot Palm 30 Dalbergia latifolia Rose Wood/ Shisam 31 Dillenia pentagyna Elephant Apple/Karmal 32 Diospryos Montana Bombay Ebony/ Goiunda/Govimelu/ Lohari 33 Diospyros paniculata Kuri 34 Ficus glomerata Rumad 35 Ficus hispida Kalaumbar 36 Ficus religiosa Peepal 37 Ficus tsiela Basri 38 Mangifera indica Aam/Mango 39 Flacourtia montanna Chafra 40 Mallotus phillipnensis Bems/Sendri 41 Manilkara hexandra Kirni 42 Melia azadirach Persian Lilac

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Sr. No Scientific Name Common Name 43 Mesua ferrea Nagchampo 44 Mimusops elengi Onval 45 Mystrica fragnans Jayphal 46 Pterocarpus fragnans Miryo, Mirio 47 Saraca asoka Ashoka 48 Semecarpus anacardium Marking nut/ Bibloi 49 Sterculia urens Dhavorkuk/Pandruk 50 Strchynos nux-vomica Kakro-Karo 51 Syzgium cuminii Jambul/Jamun 52 Tectona grandis Teak 53 Terminalia arjuna Arjuna/Arjun 54 Terminalia bellerica Goting/ Baherda 55 Terminalia paniculata Kindal 56 Terminalia tomentosa Marat/ Saaja 57 Terminalia chebula Hirda/ Huradi/ Haritaki 58 Thespesia populnea Bhendi/ Portia tree 59 Vitex altissima Bavalgi 60 Xylia xylocarpa Zambo 61 Zanthoxylum retsa Tirphal Shrubs 62 Adathoda vasica Aduso 63 Bridelia stipularis Phatriphala 64 Calotrophis gigantea Rui/Arkha 65 Calycopteris floribunda Uski 66 Carissa caronda Karvanda, Kanda 67 Cassia tora Takhyilo 68 Clerodendrum indicum Bharmgi 69 Ixora coccinea Pitkoli 70 Lobelia nicotianaefolia Baknal 71 Microcos paniculata Asale/Chivara 72 Vitex negundo Nirgund 73 Zizyphus oenoplia Kanera 74 Zizyphus rugosa Churna 75 Mirabilis jalapa Four ‘O’ plant Herbs 76 Achyranthes aspera Aghado 77 Amorphophallus campanulatus Suran 78 Asparagus racemosus Shatavari 79 Bambusa arundinacea Velu/Bans 80 Boerhaavia diffusa Punarnava 81 Centella asiatica Gundhurichi Bhaji 82 Cynodon dactylon Haryali 83 Dendrocalamus strictus Maango/Bans 84 Eclipta alba Mako 85 Gloriosa superba Wagchampho/Flame Lily 86 Hemidesmus indicus Dudhshiri 87 Leucas aspera Tumbo 88 Mentha arvensis Mint 89 Ocimum americanum Ramtulas 90 Ocimum sanctum Tulas 91 Smilax zeylanica Got Vel or Kaval Kamti 92 Themeda cymbaria Karad 93 Themeda triandra Karad 94 Tridax procumbens Mexican Daisy Mangroves & Halophtyes 95 Acanthus illcifolius Holy Mangrove/Moramdo 96 Acrostichum aureum Akur 97 Aegiceras corniculatum Black Mangrove 98 Avicennia alba Hipali 99 Avicennia marina Hipali 100 Bruguiera gymonrrhiza Upati 101 Exoecaria agallocha Kharo Uro/Kalo Uro 102 Rhizophora mucronata Asiatic Mangrove 103 Sonneratia alba Mangrove Apple/Chipa 104 Pandanus tectorius Kewda

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3.8.9 Fauna (Buffer Zone)

The species of the birds found in the study are listed, along with mammalian fauna and those of amphibians and reptiles were observed along with the insects in the buffer zone of the study area. The observed wildlife from the buffer zone of the study area is presented in Table-3.8.6.

TABLE-3.8.6 FAUNA OF THE BUFFER ZONE

Sr. Scientific Name Common name Conservation Status as per No Indian Wildlife Protection Act (1972) Avifauna (Birds) 1 Adreolla grayii Paddy Bird Sch-IV 2 Tachybaptus ruficolis Little Grebe Sch-IV 3 Phalacrocorax niger Little Cormorant Sch-IV 4 Phalacrocorax carbo Great Cormorant Sch-IV 5 Bulbucus cormandus Cattle Egret Sch-IV 6 Egretta intermedia Intermediate Egret Sch-IV 7 Mycteria leucocephala Painted Stork Sch-IV 8 Dicrurus macrocerus Black Drongo Sch-IV 9 Corvus splendens House Crow Sch-V 10 Corvus macrorhynchos Jungle Crow Sch-IV 11 Dendrocritta vagunda Rufous Treepie Sch-IV 12 Cinnyris asiatica Purple Sunbird Sch-IV 13 Leptocoma zeylonica Purple-Rumped Sunbird Sch-IV 14 Passer domesticus House Sparrow Sch-IV 15 Ploceus philippinus Baya Weaver Sch-IV 16 Petrononia xanthocollis Yellow-Throated Sparrow Sch-IV 17 Sturnus roseus Rosy Starling Sch-IV 18 Temenchus pagogarum Brahminy Starling Sch-IV 19 Acridotheres tristis Common Myna Sch-IV 20 Lonchura striata White Rumped Munia Sch-IV 21 Lonchura punctualata Scaly –Breasted Munia Sch-IV 22 Orthomos sutorius Common Tailor Bird Sch-IV 23 Prinia socialis Common Prinia Sch-IV 24 Saxicola caprata Pied Bushchat Sch-IV 26 Pyconotus cafer Red Vented Bulbul Sch-IV 27 Lanius schach Long tailed Shrike Sch-IV 28 Motacila cineria Grey Wagtail Sch-IV 29 Turdoides striatus Jungle Babbler Sch-IV 30 Anthus rufulus Paddyfield Pitpit Sch-IV 31 Merops orientalis Little Green Bee Eater Sch-IV 32 Coracias benghalensis Indian Roller Sch-IV 33 Upupa epops Common Hoopoe Sch-IV 35 Megalaima haemacephala Coppersmith Barbet Sch-IV 36 Hirundo smithii Wire Tailed Swallow Sch-IV 37 Eudynamys scolopaceus Asian Koel Sch-IV 38 Tyto alba Barn Owl Sch-IV 39 Caprimulgus asiaticus Indian Little Nightjar Sch-IV 40 Apus affinis Little Swift Sch-IV 41 Ceryle rudis Lesser Pied Kingfisher Sch-IV 42 Anthene brama Spotted Owlet Sch-IV 43 Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper Sch-IV 44 Himantopus himantopus Black Winged Stilt Sch-IV 45 Sterna aurantia Indian River Tern Sch-IV 46 Laurus ridibundus Black headed Gull Sch-IV 47 Columba livia Blue Rock Pigeon Sch-V 48 Pscittacula krameri Rose-Ringed Parakeet Sch-IV 49 Streptopelia chinensis Spotted Dove Sch-IV 50 Perdicula asiatica Jungle Bush Quail Sch-IV 51 Gallinula chloropus Common Moorehen Sch-IV 52 Fulica atra Common Coot Sch-IV 53 Vanellus indicus Red Wattled Lapwing Sch-IV 54 Tringa hypoleucos Common Sandpiper Sch-IV 55 Tringa stagnatilis Marsh Sandpiper Sch-IV VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-79 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

Sr. Scientific Name Common name Conservation Status as per No Indian Wildlife Protection Act (1972) 56 Gallinago gallinago Common Snipe Sch-IV 57 Acridotheres fuscus Jungle Myna Sch-IV 58 Aegithina tiphia Common Iora Sch-IV 59 Alcedo atthis Common Kingfisher Sch-IV 60 Gallinula chloropus Common Moorhen Sch-IV 61 Pitta brachyuran Indian Pitta Sch-IV Mammals 1 Funambulus palmarum Three Striped Palm Squirrel Sch-IV 2 Bandicoota benghalensis Bandicoot Sch-V 3 Pteropus giganteaus Indian Flying Fox Sch-V 4 Lepus nigricollis Indian Black Napped Hare Sch-IV Reptiles 1 Calotes versicolor Common Garden Lizard Sch-IV 2 Chameleon zeylanicus Chameleon Sch-II 3 Naja naja Common Cobra Sch-II 4 Vipera russelli Russel’s Viper Sch-II 5 Eryx johnii Jhon’s Sand Boa Sch-IV 6 Pytas muscosus Common Rat Snake Sch-II 7 Trimeresurus malabaricus Malabar Pit Viper Sch-II 8 Bungarus caerleus Banded Krait Sch-IV Amphibians 1 Buffo melanosticus Common Toad Sch-IV 2 Rana trigrina Bull Frog Sch-IV 3 Hydrophylax malabaricus Fungoid Frog Sch-IV

Fresh Water Fishes 1 Barbus sareha Olive Carp - 2 Chana gachus Murrel - 3 Catla catla Major Carp/Catla - 4 Labeo rohita Rohu - 5 Wallago attu Shivda - 6 Tilapia Sp Tilapia Insects 1 Paplio demoleus Common Swallowtail Butterfly - 2 Virachola isocrates Pomegrante Butterfly - 3 Papillio hymenstor Blue Mormon -

3.8.10 Fresh Water Ecosystem and Phytoplankton and Zooplankton and Macrophytes

The impact of pollution on aquatic ecosystem manifests itself first on the biotic aquatic communities. The species composition of aquatic organisms in natural communities is directly influenced by ambient water quality. The responses of plants to pollutants, when measured quantitatively give an insight about the conditions of existing aquatic ecosystem. The biological species specific for a particular environmental conditions are the best indicators of environmental quality. This includes different biological species such as phytoplankton and zooplankton.

Phytoplankton: Phytoplankton forms the basis of food chain in any aquatic water body. The diversity and abundance of phytoplankton mainly depends on the region, type of water body, either lentic or lotic, the nutrient flux in the system and the sunlight available for photosynthesis. These factors together form the dynamics of phytoplankton productivity over the seasons. The phytoplankton of a given water body determines the zooplankton populations and the fish productivity of the ecosystem.

Zooplankton: The zooplanktons of the aquatic water body are the primary consumers and also in cases secondary producers which play an important role for the fisheries of that system.

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Phytoplankton and Zooplankton in Study Area

Phytoplankton group were evaluated from the samples that were represented by following species such as Anabena, Ulothrix, Closterium, Asterionella, Desmidium, Zygnema, Oscillateria, Navicula, Staurastrum. About 9 species are phytoplanktons are found in 10 km radius of the study area.

About five species of the zooplankton such as Cyclops, Rotifer, Copepod nauplius, Nauplius, Daphnia are known in the study area, two aquatic sampling locations were taken at near Amona in Mandovi River and near Cotombi in Mandovi River.

Macrophytes

The following macrophytes are found in the study area such as Vallisnaria spiralis (Tape grass), Eichornia crassipes (Water hyacinth), Hydrilla verticillata- Water thyme, Ipomea aquatica- Water morning glory, and Ipomea carnea- Bush morning glory are common macrophytes found along the creeks of Mandovi River in the 10 km radius of the buffer zone of the study area, in North Goa. The list of observed phyto plankton and zooplankton are given in Table 3.8.7.

TABLE-3.8.7 LIST OF OBSERVED PHYTOPLANKTON AND ZOOPLANKTON

Sr.No Phytoplankton Zooplankton 1 Anabena sp Cyclops sp 2 Ulothrix sp Rotifer sp 3 Closterium sp Copepod nauplius 4 Asterionella sp Nauplius sp 5 Desmidium sp Daphnia sp 6 Zygnema sp 7 Oscillateria sp 8 Navicula sp 9 Staurastrum sp

Mangroves are predominantly dominated by Avicenna marina species in the study area across the entire 10 km radius.

Conclusion:

There is no presence of Schedule-I mammals in the study area. However there are Schedule-II, III, IV and V species listed in the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Incidentally there is no presence of endangered botanical flora reported in the study area, which is listed in the Schedule VI of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Mangrove species are found in the creeks, along with halophyte species such as Pandanus tectorius –Kewda species.

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3.9 Demography and Socio-Economics

The demographic and socio- economic conditions prevailing in the 10 km radius of the proposed plant boundary Navelim village in Bicholim taluka, Ponda, Satari and Tiswadi Talukas in North Goa district of Goa” is analyzed. The socio-economic data forms the basis for developing a suitable social impact management plan to address the needs of the population.

The proposed DI pipe plant will be located within the existing plant site. Plant site is in the notified industrial area. Land is kept vacant for proposed DI pipe plant. However the proposed plant doesn’t have any rehabilitation and resettlement issues as it is planned to establish within in the existing plant site. But the project proponent is committed to take up the socio-economic development initiatives not only to minimize the negative impact on the population and also improve the socio-economic status of population living in 10 km radius of the plant as its sustained effort as part of corporate social responsibility.

3.9.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study

The methodology adopted for the study mainly includes primary review of published secondary data (District census statistical handbooks-2011 and primary census abstract of census-2011) with respect to population, social stratification, literacy rate and occupational structure for 10 km radius study area.

3.9.2 Review of Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile-2011

The village wise demographic data of 39 villages and 9 census towns and Bicholim municipality falling within 10 km radius of the project site as per the 2011 census is given in Annexure-XII. The salient features of the demographic and socio- economic conditions are analyzed and described in the following sections.

3.9.3 Demography

As per the 2001, census the total population of the study area is 138362. The population reported as per the 2011 census is 147353. Overall around 6.5% decennial growth is reported in the study areas. The Goa decennial growth rate of population is 8.2%.

The growth rate of population in the study area comparatively reported less than the growth rate of the Goa.

 Distribution of Population

As per 2011 census the study area consisted of 147353 persons inhabited in study area. The distribution of population in the study area is shown in Table- 3.9.1.

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TABLE-3.9.1 DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION

Particulars 0-3 km 3-7 km 7-10 km 0-10 km

No. of households 4209 12963 17055 34227 Male population 9446 28068 37596 75110 Female population 8891 27498 35854 72243 Total population 18337 55566 73450 147353 Male population (0-6 years) 897 2700 3901 7498 Female population (0-6 years) 850 2626 3490 6966 Total population (0-6 years) 1747 5326 7391 14464 % of 0-6 years population 9.53 9.58 10.06 9.82 Average household size 4.36 4.29 4.31 4.31 % of males to the total population 51.51 50.51 51.19 50.97 % of females to the total population 48.49 49.49 48.81 49.03 Sex Ratio (no of females per 1000 males) 941 980 954 962 Child sex ratio (0-6 years) 948 973 895 929 Density 274 768 525 528 Source: District Census Hand Book –2011

 Average Household Size

The study area has a household size of 4.31 as per 2011 census, which has declined from 4.74 in 2001. This is mainly due to population control measures, health awareness programs, literacy and industrialization/urbanization.

 Population Density

The density of population reveals that the study area has an overall density of 528 persons (0-10 km) 525 persons (7-10 km) 768 persons (3-7 km) 274 persons (0-3 km) per km2 (PP km2) as per 2011 census reports. Goa of population per km2 is 394 as per 2011 census reports.

The density of population in the study area is comparatively more than the density of Goa. The density of population indicates the rapid growth of industrialization leading to urbanization and tourism.

 Sex Ratio

The configuration of male and female indicates that the males constitute to about 50.97% and females to 49.03% of the total population as per 2011 census records. The study area on an average has 962 (973 state sex ratio) females per 1000 males as per 2011 census reports, which is less in comparison to the state sex ratio, the reason because, the child sex ratio (0-6 years) in the study area is 929.

The sex ratio in the study area indirectly reveals certain sociological and cultural aspects in relation with female births. The trend is very unique to the study area and reveals that the female infanticide is less due to the cultural aspects such as women empowerment and improved literacy of the study area.

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3.9.4 Social Structure

In the study area, as per 2011 census, 1.34% of the population belongs to Scheduled Castes (SC) and 15.69% to Scheduled Tribes (ST). Overall the data of social stratification reveals that the SC and ST % to population is more than 17.03%. The SC and ST community are marginalized and they are at considered at low level of social strata and calls for a special attention in social impact management plan for improving their socio-economic status apart from preservation and protection of their art, culture and traditional rights of livelihood. The distribution of population by social structure is shown in Table-3.9.2.

TABLE-3.9.2 DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY SOCIAL STRUCTURE

Particulars 0-3 km 3-7 km 7-10 km 0-10 km Schedule caste population 189 708 1075 1972 Schedule tribes population 1961 10265 10894 23120 Schedule caste (SC) population % to the total population 1.03 1.27 1.46 1.34 Schedule tribes (ST) population % to the total population 10.69 18.47 14.83 15.69 Total SC and ST population 2150 10973 11969 25092 % to the total SC and ST population 11.72 19.75 16.30 17.03 Total population 18337 55566 73450 147353 Source: District Census Hand Book –2011

3.9.5 Literacy Levels

The data of study area has literacy rate of 88.66% as per 2011 census, which is found to be more than the state rural rate of literacy (Goa rural rate of literacy 86.6%). The distribution of literate and literacy rate in the study area is given in Table-3.9.3. TABLE-3.9.3 DISTRIBUTION OF LITERATE AND LITERACY RATES

Particulars 0-3 km 3-7 km 7-10 km 0-10 km Male population 9446 28068 37596 75110 Female population 8891 27498 35854 72243 Total population 18337 55566 73450 147353 Male population (0-6 years) 897 2700 3901 7498 Female population (0-6 years) 850 2626 3490 6966 Total population (0-6 years) 1747 5326 7391 14464 Total population above 7 years 16590 50240 66059 132889 Male literates (7+ years) 8032 23684 31284 63000 Female literates (7+ Years) 6770 21129 26925 54824 Total literates (7+ Years) 14802 44813 58209 117824 Male literacy rate (%) to the total 52.85 53.74 53.47 literates 54.26 Female literacy rate (%) to the total 47.15 46.26 46.53 literates 45.74 Average male literacy to the total 48.41 47.14 47.36 47.41 population (%) Average female literacy to the total 40.81 42.06 40.76 41.26 population (%) Total literacy rate (%) to the total 89.22 89.20 88.12 88.66 population Source: District Census Hand Book –2011

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The male literacy i.e. the percentage of literate males to the total literates of the study area works out to be 53.47%. The female literacy rate, which is an important indicator for social change, is observed to be 46.53% in the study area as per 2011 census records.

3.9.6 Occupational Structure

The occupational structure of residents in the study area is studied with reference to main workers, marginal workers and non-workers. The main workers include 10 categories of workers defined by the Census Department consisting of cultivators, agricultural laborers, those engaged in live-stock, forestry, fishing, mining and quarrying; manufacturing, processing and repairs in household industry and other than household industry, construction, trade and commerce, transport, communication and other services.

The marginal workers are those workers engaged in some work for a period of less than six months during the reference year prior to the census survey. The non-workers include those engaged in unpaid household duties, students, retired persons, dependents, beggars, vagrants etc.; institutional inmates or all other non-workers who do not fall under the above categories.

Total work participation in the project study areas is 40.18% and the non-workers constitute 59.82 % of the total population respectively. The main workers to the total workers are 79.71% and the marginal workers constitute to 20.29% to the total workers. The occupational structure of the study area is shown in Table- 3.9.4. TABLE-3.9.4 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE

Particulars 0-3 km 3-7 km 7-10 km 0-10 km Total population 18337 55566 73450 147353 Total workers 7127 22871 29202 59200 Total main workers 5869 18119 23203 47191 Total marginal workers 1258 4752 5999 12009 Total non-workers 11210 32695 44248 88153 Work participation rate (%) 38.87 41.16 39.76 40.18 % of main workers to total workers 82.35 79.22 79.46 79.71 % of marginal workers to total workers 17.65 20.78 20.54 20.29 % of non-workers to total population 61.13 58.84 60.24 59.82 Source: District Census Hand Book-2011

3.10 Traffic Density Survey

The traffic studies have been conducted to know the prevailing traffic volumes on the roads in the study area. It is essential to consider these details for assessing the anticipated future traffic volumes as a part of overall impacts assessment for the project.

The variations of traffic densities depend upon the working days and time and also vary in day and night times. In order to assess the prevailing traffic volumes on the roads, the survey was conducted during normal working days of the week by avoiding local holidays or abnormal situations to reflect the true picture of the traffic densities. The traffic study was conducted at one location for 12 hours.

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3.10.1 Selection of Sampling Location

The traffic density study was conducted at Navelim-Amona to Marcel Village route which is adjacent to the project site.

3.10.2 Methodology

3.10.2.1 Vehicular Count

The vehicles plying in both the directions were counted continuously for 12 hours at one location. The vehicles were counted every hour and recorded under respective category. The maximum traffic count in an hour is termed as peak hour traffic. The vehicles were categorized under various heads like trucks/tankers, buses, multi axles, cars, 2/3 wheelers, cycles and bullock carts.

3.10.2.2 Categorization of Traffic

The engine driven vehicles were categorized into various heads viz. light motor vehicles (LMV) as two wheelers (scooters, motor cycles etc.), three wheelers (auto rickshaws, 3-wheel tempo etc.), medium motor vehicles (cars, jeeps), tractors (6 wheelers), mini buses and mini trucks (8 wheelers); heavy motor vehicles such as buses, trucks and tankers (10 wheelers).

3.10.3 Results and Discussion

The summary of daily traffic count for the location was monitored during the study period is summarized in Table-3.10.1 and % of composition of the vehicles are given in the Table-3.10.2.

It was observed that the 2/3 wheelers, cars/jeeps and trucks/buses forms the major volume of the traffic.

3.10.3.1 Presentation of Results

The present level of traffic has been converted to Passenger Car Units (PCU) at this location as per the conversion factors stipulated by Indian Road Congress (IRC). The passenger car unit (PCU) recorded at the selected traffic location, which is towards Navelim-Amona to Marcel route and Marcel to Navelim-Amona route about 1707 PCU. TABLE-3.10.1 TRAFFIC DENSITY (VEHICLES/DAY)

Code Location Two Wheelers 3 Wheeler Four Six Heavy Total Scooter/Bikes Auto Wheeler wheeler Vehicles Rickshaw Car/Jeep Buses/ Truck Navelim-Amona to 329 20 402 91 40 882 T1 Marcel Marcel to Navelim- 397 15 297 50 28 787 Amona Total No.of Vehicles 726 35 699 141 68 1669 Total PCU’S 363 18 699 423 204 1707

Note: PCU rating: (2/3 wheelers: 0.5, Car/Jeep: 1.0, Tractor: 3.0, Buses: 3.0, Trucks/HMV: 3.0)

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TABLE–3.10.2 COMPOSITION OF EXISTING TRAFFIC VOLUME

Code Total No. of Vehicles % Composition Vehicles LMV MMV HMV LMV MMV HMV T1 1669 761 699 209 45.59 41.88 12.52 Note: LMV-Light Motor Vehicles (scooter, motorcycle & auto rickshaw etc.) MMV-Medium Motor Vehicles (car, jeep, tractor, mini bus, mini trucks) HMV-Heavy Motor Vehicles (bus, trucks and tankers)

3.10.3.2 Adequacy of Existing Road Network in Study Area

About 30 trucks per day would be required for transportation of raw material and carrying the finished product from the plant premises. The traffic contribution from plant to the outside road network connecting Navelim-Amona to Marcel route, will thus is the ‘to and fro’ movement of 60 vehicles per day, which is equivalent to 180 PCU per day (taking a PCU factor of 3 per vehicle).

With present level of traffic on Navelim-Amona to Marcel route (1707 PCU/Day) and the predicted increase in existing traffic due to the project, adequacy of road/highway during operational phase of the plant has been estimated by comparison with the recommendations stipulated by Indian Road Congress (IRC). The total traffic load of 1887 PCU/day will be well within the IRC stipulated maximum load of 15000 PCU/day for a two lane highway.

The estimated peak traffic in terms of PCUs is compared with the stipulated standards by IRC for traffic capacity of the roads and it can be observed that the existing road network is adequate.

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4.0 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 Identification of Impacts

4.2 Impacts during Construction Phase

The proposed project includes activities related to leveling of site, construction and erection of main plant structures and installation of equipment.

4.2.1 Land Use and Soil Quality

4.2.2 Impact on Air Quality

The impacts will be localized in nature and the areas outside the project boundary are not likely to have any major adverse impact with respect to ambient air quality.

4.2.3 Impact on Water Quality

4.2.4 Impact on Noise Levels

4.2.5 Impact on Terrestrial Ecology

The location of the proposed site of DI pipe does not have any vegetation cover. Thus, no adverse impacts are envisaged on ecology.

4.3 Impacts during Operational Phase

4.3.1 Impact on Land Use

The project is proposed to be built within the existing pig iron plant premises, which is already under industrial land use category. Hence, there will be minimal change in the land use.

4.3.2 Topography

4.3.3 Impact on Soil Quality

4.3.4 Solid Waste / Hazardous Waste Management

The waste generation details from proposed DI pipe project are given below in Table-4.1. TABLE 4.1 WASTE GENERATION DETAILS

4.3.5 Impact on Air Quality

 Details of Mathematical Modeling

 Model Set-up

The model set-up details are presented in Table-4.2.

TABLE-4.2 MODEL SET-UP

4.3.5.1 Model Input Data

TABLE-4.3 PROPOSED DI PIPE MANUFACTURING PLANT -STACK DETAILS AND EMISSION RATES

Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

TABLE-4.4 STACK DETAILS AND EMISSION RATES FOR CUMULATIVE MODELLING

Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Source: Vedanta Limited ** Stack emission standards are considered according to Integrated Iron & Steel Standards Prescribed by CPCB, 2012

 Meteorological Data

TABLE-4.5(A) PROPOSED SHORT TERM MAXIMUM INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS FOR PROPOSED DI PIPE PLANT

Parameters Incremental Concentration Distance Direction (µg/m3) (km) PM10 2.7 1.4 SE SO2 1.1 1.4 SE NO2 1.6 1.4 SE

 Comments on Proposed Incremental Concentrations

TABLE-4.5(B) CUMULATIVE SHORT TERM MAXIMUM INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS

Parameters Incremental Concentration Distance Direction (µg/m3) (km) PM10 26.1 1.4 SE SO2 12.0 1.4 SE NO2 9.2 1.4 SE

 Comments on Cumulative Incremental Concentrations

 Resultant Concentrations after Implementation of the Project

TABLE-4.6 PROPOSED RESULTANT CONCENTRATIONS DUE TO INCREMENTAL GLC's

Pollutant Baseline Incremental Resultant Limits (Industrial/ (g/m3) (µg/m3) (g/m3) Residential) (g/m3) PM10 71.3 2.7 74.0 100 SO2 13.9 1.1 15.0 80 NO2 17.7 1.6 19.3 80

FIGURE-4.1 SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCS OF PM

FIGURE-4.2 SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCS OF SO2

FIGURE-4.3 SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCS OF NO2

FIGURE-4.4 CUMULATIVE SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCS OF PM

FIGURE-4.5 CUMULATIVE SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCS OF SO2

FIGURE-4.6 CUMULATIVE SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCS OF NO2

4.3.6 Impact on Water Resources and Water Quality

 Impact on Surface Water Resources

TABLE-4.7 SUMMARY OF WATER BALANCE

Sr. No Description Quantity (m3/hr) 1 Circulation water requirement 2366 2 Make up water 40 3 Gardening, road sprinkling and other miscellaneous 12 4 Process consumption/Evaporation losses 28

FIGURE - 4.7 WATER BALANCE DIAGRAM

 Impact on Ground Water Resources

During the operation phase, the required water will be met from Bandhara which is about 10 km away from the plant. Hence, no impact on ground water is envisaged.

 Impact on Water Quality

 Water Treatment System

4.3.7 Impact on Noise Levels

4.3.7.1 Input for the Model

4.3.7.2 Presentation of Results

 Work Zone Noise Levels

to work zone only. At the corners of the plant boundary, noise levels will be varying between 26.0 dB(A) to 52.5 dB(A).

As per model results the resultant noise levels due to the proposed ductile iron plant will be <55 dB(A) at the plant boundaries in all the directions.

The ambient noise levels in the region are within permissible limits and are envisaged to be within the permissible limits after commissioning of the proposed facilities also.

-1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1000 1000

800 800

600 600

400 400

200 200

0 0

-200 -200

-400 -400

-600 -600

-800 -800

-1000 -1000 -1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

FIGURE–4.8 NOISE DISPERSION CONTOUR

 Community Noise Levels

 Noise Control at the Community Level

4.3.8 Impact on Ecology

 Impacts on Terrestrial Ecology

The main sources of air pollution from the proposed plant would be from the process stacks. The pollutants from the proposed plant will be particulate matter,SO2 and No2.

The incremental concentrations predicted from the modeling simulations are well within the permissible NAAQ limits. Hence, no impact is envisaged on the surrounding terrestrial ecology.

 Impact on Aquatic Ecology

 Impact on Migratory Paths for Wild life

4.4 Environment Management during Construction Phase

4.4.1 Air Pollution Management

4.4.2 Noise Environment

4.4.3 Water Environment

4.4.4 Sanitation

The construction site will be provided with sufficient and suitable toilet facilities for workers to meet the proper standards of hygiene.

4.4.5 Land Environment

4.4.6 Socio-Economics and Demography

4.4.7 Storage of Hazardous Material

4.5 Environment Management during Operation Phase

4.5.1 Air Pollution Control Measures

The remedial and control measures planned to be adopted are discussed briefly in the following sections:

. Air pollution will be controlled by installing dust extraction system and through bag filters;

. Cement and sand is being handled and transferred in closed vessel by pneumatic handling systems to minimize the dust emissions; and

. Water sprinkling to suppress dust.

 Additional Recommendations

 Good housekeeping will be maintained in the plant premises;

 The trucks and other vehicles shall be maintained and serviced regularly to reduce air emissions; and

 Usage of respiratory protective equipment by all employees will be ensured.

4.5.2 Fugitive Emissions & Control Measures

 Specific Measures to Control Fugitive Emissions

 The vent is attached to the bag filters of adequate height to disperse the air pollutants to the satisfactory levels;

 Green belt will be developed around the plant to arrest the fugitive emissions.

 Action Plan as Per CPCB Standards & Guidelines

 The stack emissions from the project will be controlled to less than CPCB standards for proposed project.

 Adequately designed bag filters or any other adequate air pollution control system/combination of system will be installed to achieve the prescribed stack emission standards; and

 Non-functioning of pollution control equipments will be recorded in the logbook along with reasons for not running the pollution control equipments.

4.5.3 Noise Level Management

4.5.3.1 Recommendations for Noise Management

4.5.4 Water Pollution Management

 Water Conservation Systems

FIGURE–4.9 PHOTOGRAPH SHOWING RAIN WATER HARVESTING PIT

4.5.4 Solid Waste Management/ Hazardous Waste Management

 Slag will be used for road laying;  Iron scrap will be reused in induction furnace; and . Spent/used oil, discarded chemical containers, etc. disposed to authorized recyclers.

4.5.5 Energy Conservation Measures

Energy Saving through Waste Heat Recovery Power Plant:

4.5.6 Greenbelt Development

4.5.6.1 Objective

4.5.6.2 Design of Green Belt

The following shall be designed and implemented as per the latest CPCB guidelines. The broad aspects to be covered are given below:

4.5.6.3 Plant Species for Greenbelt

While selecting the plant species for the proposed green belt, the following points will be taken into consideration:

 Should be fast growing type;  Should have a thick canopy cover;  Should be perennially green;  Should be preferably of native origin; and  Should have a large leaf area index.

4.5.6.4 Recommended Species in the Greenbelt Area

The recommended species for the greenbelt development are given in Table-4.8.

TABLE-4.8 LIST OF SPECIES SHOWING HIGH AIR POLLUTION TOLERANCE INDEX (APTI) WHICH ARE FOUND GROWING IN NORTH GOA

All the above mentioned species are ideally suited for the ecological habitat of North Goa.

4.5.6.5 Action Plan for Development of Greenbelt Area

4.5.6.6 Existing Green belt Species at Sesa’s Iron & Coke Complex at Amona & Navelim

The existing green belt species are listed below in Table-4.9.

TABLE -4.9 EXISTING GREEN BELT SPECIES

Sr. Year No. of Plants Type of Plants No Planted 1 Monsoon of 2011 6828 Acacia tree 2 Monsoon of 2012 4410 3 Monsoon of 2013

4.6 Socio-Economic Development

4.7 Summary of Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

The summary of anticipated adverse environmental impacts and the mitigation measures during operational phase are given in Table-4.10.

TABLE-4.10 SUMMARY OF ANTICIPATED IMPACTS DURING OPERATION PHASE

Discipline Potential Probable Mitigation Measures Remarks Negative Source Impacts areas, will be provided with protective equipment.

Motorable roads in the plant area are paved to reduce dust emission.

Waste core sand sent for land fill/construction fill/road bases.

Zinc dust collected and sold to authorized agents.

Used oil will be sold to authorized agents.

Noise levels Increase in noise Equipment in Equipment will be Employees working

4.9 Environment Management Practices at Existing Hot Metal Plant

4.9.1 Air Pollution Control Measures

TABLE-4.11 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES

4.9.2 Water Pollution Control Measures

4.9.3 Solid Waste Management

4.9.4 Noise Pollution Control Measures

The overall noise levels in and around the plant area are kept within the standards by providing noise control measures including acoustic hoods, silencers etc

Dry Fog System Bag Filters

Windshields for Arresting Dust Dust Capture Hoods

FIGURE-4.10 PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AT EXISTING PLANT

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Analysers Rain Guns at Raw Material Yard

Greenbelt

FIGURE-4.10 PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AT EXISTING PLANT

Greenbelt/Greencover

FIGURE-4.10 PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AT EXISTING PLANT

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad C4-35 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-5 Analysis of Alternative Technology and Site

5.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND SITE

M/s. Vedanta Limited proposes to set up DI pipe unit having production capacity of 0.3 MTPA (300 KTPA) within existing pig iron plant at Navelim village, Bicholim taluka, North Goa, Goa. Analysis of alternative based on site and technology is given below.

5.1 Site Alternatives

No proposal for alternative site is considered as the proposed project will be within the existing plant premises located at Navelim village. Hence, alternate sites are not applicable in the present proposed project. Factors which have weighed in favor of the site are briefly as follows:

 Hot metal availability;  Proximity to Mormugao seaport (22 km, SW);  Proximity to NH-4A (5.3 km, WSW);  Reliability and availability of utilities like water, fuel, electricity, etc;  Existing infrastructure;  Availability of land for proposed project within premises of existing pig iron plant ; and  Absence of any irrigation canal or drainage channel within a selected area.

5.2 Analysis of Other Technology Alternatives

In the melting process, particulate matter (PM) emissions in the form of dust, metallic materials and metal oxide fumes vary according to furnace type, fuel and metal to be melted and melting characteristics.

5.3 Technology Alternatives

Technical concept and equipment sizing has been finalized based on determinates and industry norms for DI pipes. Emphasis has been given on optimum layout, energy efficient and environment friendly modern plant considering all project aspects. In this particular type of pipe plant, the technology lies fully on five areas viz.

 Induction furnace;  Magnesium treatment;  Casting;  Annealing; and  Finishing.

Induction Furnace: Molten metal is poured in the induction furnace. Scrap and ferro alloys are added to arrive at the required chemical composition. Metal is superheated to the desired pouring temperature. The main function of the Induction furnace is to obtain the desired level of chemistry of hot metal at the desired temperature.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C5-1 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-5 Analysis of Alternative Technology and Site

Magnesium Treatment: Magnesium is introduced in the molten metal to change the shape of the graphite after solidification. After treatment the hot metal become ductile liquid iron.

Casting: Pipes are cast by continuously pouring liquid metal in rotating, water- cooled, metallic moulds fitted in the spinning machine. Metal is poured at a fixed rate from the holding hopper on to the rotating moulds.

Annealing: This process consists of heating section, heat holding section, slow cooling section and fast cooling section.

Finishing: After cooling of pipes for further processing is carried out grinding, outer & internal coatings, pressure testing and marking, stenciling and other finishing operations.

To achieve the above, the following internal and external linings are adopted, which are as detailed below.

External Linings

a. Zinc spray; and b. Bitumen spray.

Internal Coating

a. Cement lining, depends upon utilization of various cements; and b. Polyurethane (PUR) and cement mortar.

5.4 Criteria for Technology Selection

Use of induction furnace is preferred over cupola furnaces, electric arc furnaces or rotary furnaces due to their superior environmental performance. Low emission rates are associated with induction furnace. The advantage of induction furnace is clean, energy-efficient and well-controllable melting process compared to most other means of metal melting.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C5-2 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-6 Environment Monitoring Programme

6.0 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAMME

This chapter presents the details of environmental monitoring, monitoring schedule, monitoring methods and data analysis, monitoring equipment and consumables.

6.1 Environment Monitoring

The environmental monitoring is important in terms of evaluating the performance of pollution control equipments installed in the project. The sampling and analysis of the environmental attributes will be as per the guidelines of Central Pollution Control Board/ Goa State Pollution Control Board (GSPCB). The frequency of sampling and location of sampling will be as per the directives of CPCB/GSPCB.

Environmental monitoring will be conducted on regular basis by Vedanta Limited to assess the pollution level in the surrounding area. Usually, as in the case of the study, an impact assessment study is carried over short period of time and the data cannot bring out all variations induced by the natural or human activities. Therefore, regular monitoring programme of the environmental parameters is essential to take into account the changes in the environment.

The objective of environmental monitoring is:

 To verify the result of the impact assessment study in particular with regard to new developments;

 To follow the trend of parameters which have been identified as critical;

 To check or assess the efficiency of the controlling measures;

 To ensure that new parameters, other than those identified in the impact assessment study, do not become critical through the commissioning of new installations or through the modification in the operation of existing facilities;

 To check assumptions made with regard to the development and to detect deviations in order to initiate necessary measures; and

 To establish a database for future impact assessment studies for new projects.

The attributes, which require regular monitoring, are specified underneath: 1] Air quality; and 2] Noise levels.

6.2 Monitoring Schedule Monitoring schedule is very important in order to ensure that emissions and noise levels conform to the standard for which control measures have been designed. A comprehensive monitoring program is suggested in Table-6.1.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C6-1 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-6 Environment Monitoring Programme

TABLE-6.1 MONITORING SCHEDULE FOR ENVIRONMENT PARAMETERS

Sr. Particulars Monitoring Duration of Important Monitoring No. Frequency Sampling Parameters 1 Air Pollution and Meteorology Air Quality a) Ambient air quality monitoring

Existing six ambient air Twice in a 24 hr PM10, PM2.5 ,SO2, NOx and other quality monitoring week continuously parameters as per CPCB norms. stations in and around plant as approved by GSPCB b) Stack gas analysis in As specified One time Specified as per State Pollution major stacks by GSPCB Control Board c) Fugitive dust sampling Once in a year 24 hr Particulate matter at work zone as per continuously CPCB or SPCB guidelines Meteorology a) Meteorological data to Daily Continuous Wind speed, direction, be monitored monitoring temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. 2 Industrial Noise Levels a) Major noise generating Every month 24 hr Noise level in dB(A) sources continuous with 1 hr interval Ambient Noise Levels b) 6 locations around Monthly 24 hr Noise levels in dB(A) Sesa’s iron & coke continuous making facilities with one hr interval

6.3 Monitoring Methods and Data Analysis

All environment monitoring and relevant operational data will be stored in a relational database. Regular data extracts and interpretive reports will be sent to the regulator.

6.3.1 Air Quality Monitoring and Data Analysis

The concentration of air borne pollutants in the workspace / work zone environment will be monitored periodically. If concentrations higher than threshold limit values are observed, the source of fugitive emissions will be identified and necessary measures taken. If the levels are high suitable measures as detailed in EMP shall be initiated.

The ground level concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and other parameters as per CPCB in the ambient air will be monitored at regular intervals. Any abnormal rise will be investigated to identify the causes and appropriate action will be initiated. Greenbelt/green cover shall be developed for minimising dust propagation.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C6-2 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-6 Environment Monitoring Programme

6.3.2 Water and Wastewater Quality Monitoring and Data Analysis

As proposed plant will operate on zero liquid process discharge, monitoring of surface and ground water is not envisaged.

6.4 Monitoring Equipment and Consumables

Monitoring will be carried out through MOEF&CC approved laboratory.

a) Air Quality and Meteorology

Following equipment and consumable items will be made available with the environment cell to meet the monitoring frequency and to implement the monitoring program.

 PM10, PM2.5 sampler;  Personal sampler;  CO monitor;  Weather station (automatic recording);  Spectrophotometer (visible range);  Single pan balance;  Relevant chemicals as per IS:5182; and  Chemical/glass ware.

b) Noise Levels

The environment cell will have sound level meter to record noise levels in different scales like A, B and C with slow and fast response options and vibration meter.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C6-3 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-7 Additional Studies

7.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

This chapter describes the public consultation for the proposed project, risk assessment, approach to study, hazards identification, hazards assessment and evaluation, disaster management plan, occupational health and safety issues.

7.1 Public Consultation

The public hearing will be conducted as per the EIA Notification dated 14th September 2006 as well as its amendments dated 1st December, 2009. The press notification indicating date and venue of the public hearing will be issued by the SPCB in the prominent English and local newspaper giving project details inviting suggestions, views, comments and objections from the public regarding proposed ductile iron spun pipe manufacturing unit (0.3 MTPA) by product diversification of hot metal/pig iron.

The issues raised during the public hearing, the response of the proponent along with action plan and budgetary allocation will be given in the final EIA report and submitted to MOEF&CC for obtaining environmental clearance.

7.2 Risk Assessment

Risk assessment ensures that all the relevant hazards are addressed, with the aim of identifying significant risks in the workplace. In the present case, risk assessment is being carried out at a very initial stage with the techno economic feasibility report as the reference. The risks identified are indicative in nature only.

7.3 Approach to the Study

Risk involves the occurrence or potential occurrence of some accidents consisting of an event or sequence of events. The risk assessment study covers the following:

 Identification of potential hazard areas;  Identification of representative failure cases;  Visualization of the resulting scenarios in terms of fire (thermal radiation) and explosion;  Assess the overall damage potential of the identified hazardous events and the impact zones from the accidental scenarios;  Assess the overall suitability of the site from hazard minimization and disaster mitigation point of view;  Furnish specific recommendations on the minimization of the worst accident possibilities; and  Preparation of broad Disaster Management Plan (DMP), on-site and off-site emergency plan which includes occupational and health safety plan.

7.4 Hazard Identification and Assessment

Following are the main hazards involved in DI pipes:

 Operational hazard of induction furnace;

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C7-1 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-7 Additional Studies

 Health hazards – heat stress due to handling of molten metal at high temperature;  Heat and hot liquid splashes;  Electrical hazards;  Explosion and fire hazards.

 Risk Analysis for Induction Furnace

The induction holding furnace will consist of three nos. of 20 MT steel frame crucibles with one electrical. One crucible will be working while one will be stand by. The ladle metal capacity will be 30 t. The furnace bay will be provided with 50 t Class M7 duty hot metal EOT crane with VVF drive for smooth lifting and tilting operations. Following operational safety measures will be taken for induction furnace.

Door Open: This indicates either an open door or a failing capacitor. The circuit breaker opens when one of these faults occurs.

Furnace Water Valves: These valves turn on supply water to the furnace. Associated with each valve is a position action flow switch, interlocked through the circuit monitor, to shut down the power supply if there is no flow in an active furnace.

Ground Leak Detector: Used to detect low ground resistance in the electrical system. It is also used to give an indication of a molten metal leak from the furnace to an electrical conductor.

 To Reduce the Heat Stress during Handling of Molten Metal Following Precaution will be taken.

 It is strongly recommended to wear dust mask and eyewear during working inside DI plant;  It is also recommended that the person working near the induction furnace must wear heat resistant jacket, face shield and crash helmet during slag removal or scrap charging into furnace; and  To reduce the fire hazard and to combat fire, the company is having water reservoir to meet with any emergency occurred within the plant premises.

 Heat and Hot Liquid Splashes

High temperatures and direct infrared (IR) radiation are common hazards in foundries. High temperatures can cause fatigue and dehydration. Direct IR radiation also poses a risk to sight. Contact with hot metal or hot water may result in severe burns. Recommended measures for prevention and control of exposure to heat and hot liquids /materials include the following:

 Shield surfaces where close contact with hot equipment or splashing from hot materials is expected (e.g. induction melting ladles, and casting);

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C7-2 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-7 Additional Studies

 Implementing safety buffer zones to separate areas where hot materials and items are handled or temporarily stored. Rail guards around those areas should be provided, with interlocked gates to control access to areas during operations;  Using appropriate PPE (e.g. insulated gloves and shoes, goggles to protect against IR and ultraviolet radiation, and clothing to protect against heat radiation);  Implementing shorter shift durations for work in high air temperature environments;  Providing regular work breaks and access to drinking water for workers in hot areas; and  Installing cooling ventilation to control extreme temperatures.

 Electrical Hazards

All electrical fittings and cables are provided as per the specified standards. All motor starters will be flame proof.

 Explosion and Fire Hazards

Handling of liquid hot metal may generate a risk of explosion, melt runout and burns especially if humidity is trapped in enclosed spaces and exposed to molten metal. Other hazards include fires caused by melted metal and the presence of liquid fuel and other flammable chemicals. In addition, iron foundry slag may be highly reactive if calcium carbide is used to desulfurize the iron.

Recommended techniques to prevent and control explosion and fire hazards include the following:

 Designing facility layout to ensure adequate separation of flammable gas and oxygen pipelines and storage tanks away from heat sources;  Separate combustible materials and liquids from hot areas and sources of ignition (e.g. electrical panels);and  Protecting flammable gas and oxygen pipelines and tanks during “hot work’ maintenance activities.

7.5 Risk Assessment Summary

The preliminary risk assessment for the proposed plant and associated facilities and the broad conclusions are as follows:

 There will be no significant adverse community impacts or environmental damage consequences; and  The hazardous event scenarios and risks in general at this facility can be adequately managed to acceptable levels by performing the recommended safety studies as part of detailed design, applying recommended control strategies and implementing a safety management system.

7.5.1 Risk Reduction Opportunities

The following opportunities will be considered as a potential means of reducing identified risks during the detailed design phase:

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C7-3 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-7 Additional Studies

 Buildings and plant structures designed for cyclone and seismic events (where appropriate), to prevent structural collapse and integrity of weather (water) proofing for storage of dangerous goods;

 Provision for adequate water capacity to supply fire protection systems and critical process water;

 Isolate people from load carrying/mechanical handling systems, vehicle traffic and storage and stacking locations;

 Installation of fit-for-purpose access ways and fall protection systems to facilitate safe access to fixed and mobile plant;

 Provision and integrity of process tanks, waste holding tanks and bunded areas as per relevant standards;

 Containment of hazardous materials;

 Security of facility to prevent unauthorized access to plant, introduction of prohibited items, and control of onsite traffic; and

 Development of emergency response management systems commensurate with site specific hazards and risks (fire, explosion, rescue and first aid).

7.6 Disaster Management Plan

A disaster is a catastrophic situation in which suddenly, people are plunged into helplessness and suffering, as a result, need protection, clothing, shelter, medical and social care and other necessities of life.

Disasters can be divided into two main groups. In the first, disasters resulting from natural phenomena like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, storm surges, cyclones, tropical storms, floods, avalanches, landslides, forest fires etc. The second group includes disastrous events occasioned by man, or man’s impact upon the environment. Examples are armed conflict, industrial accidents, radiation accidents, factory fires, explosions and escape of toxic gases or chemical substances, river pollution, mining or other structural collapses, air, sea, rail and road transport accidents and can reach catastrophic dimensions in terms of human loss.

There can be no set criteria for assessing the gravity of a disaster in the abstract since this depends to a large extent on the physical, economic and social environment in which it occurs. What would be considered a major disaster in a developing country, will equipped to cope with the problems involved, may not mean more than a temporary emergency elsewhere. However, all disaster bring in their wake similar consequences that call for immediate action, whether at the local, national or international level, for the rescue and relief of the victims. This includes the search for the dead and injured and removal of debris and social care, the provision of temporary shelter to the homeless food, clothing and medical supplies, and the rapid re-establishment of essential services. The

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C7-4 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-7 Additional Studies

existing disaster management plan will be suitably strengthen and extended for the proposed DI pipe unit.

7.6.1 Objectives of Disaster Management Plan (DMP)

The disaster management plan is aimed to ensure safety of life, protection of environment, protection of installation, restoration of production and salvage operations in this same order of priorities. For effective implementation of the disaster management plan, it will be widely circulated and personnel training given through rehearsals/drills.

The disaster management plan would reflect the probable, consequential severalties of the undesired event due to deteriorating conditions or through ‘Knock on’ effects. Further, the management should be able to demonstrate that their assessment of the consequences uses good supporting evidence and is based on currently available and reliable information, incident data from internal and external sources and if necessary the reports of outside agencies.

To tackle the consequences of a major emergency inside the factory or immediate vicinity of the factory, a disaster management plan has to be formulated and this planned emergency document is called “Disaster Management Plan”.

The objective of the industrial disaster management plan is to make use of the combined resources of the plant and the outside services to achieve the following:

 Effect the rescue and medical treatment of casualties;  Safeguard other people;  Minimize damage to property and the environment;  Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control;  Identify any dead;  Provide for needs of relatives;  Provide authoritative information to the news media;  Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected area; and  Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent inquiry into the cause and circumstances of the emergency.

In effect, it is to optimize operational efficiency to rescue, rehabilitation and render medical help and to restore normalcy.

7.7 Planning for Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Risk Control

7.7.1 Identification of Hazards

Identification of hazards with respect to the departmental activities including those performed by sub-contractors shall be done by the Dept. head in consultation with his/her sub-ordinates. Dept. head shall ensure due consideration is given to temporary, new/planned activities and change in organizational structure (Change in people or change in their responsibility) while identifying the hazards associated with departmental activities.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C7-5 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-7 Additional Studies

The process of hazard identification takes into account the following:

 Human behavior, capabilities and other human factors;  Identified hazards originating outside the workplace capable of adversely affecting the health and safety of persons under the control of Vedanta Limited within the workplace;  Hazards created in the vicinity of the workplace by work-related activities under the control of the Vedanta Limited;  Infrastructure, equipment and materials at the workplace, whether provided by Vedanta Limited or others;  Changes or proposed changes in Vedanta Limited, its activities, or materials.  Any modifications, including temporary changes and their health & safety impacts on operations, processes and activities;  Any applicable legal requirements relating to risk assessment and implementation of necessary controls ; and  The design of work areas, processes, installations, machinery/ equipment, operating procedures and work organization including their adaptation to human capabilities.

7.8 Emergency Preparedness & Response (On-Site Emergency Plan)

7.8.1 Identification of Emergency Situations

The potential environment, health and safety (EHS) emergency situations at DI plant are identified as follows:

 Fire;  Uncontrollable leakage of water from gas holder;  Tap hole breakout;  Bursting of blow pipe;  Hearth break out;  Sudden failure of cooling water;  Gas poisoning;  Fire explosion in gas line;  Spillage & failure of diesel tank;  Explosion in boiler / transformer / diesel tank; and  Major accident.

7.8.2 Identification of Crisis Situation

In the case of incidents become emergencies and when using professional judgment, are deemed sufficiently serious in nature to require external support then the Vedanta Company CEO or Top Management will “call a crisis”. The Vedanta Company CEO or Top Management will do this by activating their own Company Crisis Management team and by calling either the Vedanta Resources CEO, CFO or CSO, whose responsibility will then be to activate the central crisis management team. Procedure for crisis management shall be developed at the Vedanta Group Level.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C7-6 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-7 Additional Studies

7.8.3 Actions to be taken when an EHS Emergency Occurs

In case of an emergency, the following actions should be taken immediately:

 On occurrence of any emergency, the BF control room should be contacted either by walkie-talkie, PA, telephone or by any other means;  If fire is observed, minimum two persons should be there to extinguish the fire;  If there is a casualty arising out of emergency, only a trained first aider should attend the casualty, while others can help the first aider;  The employees who are likely to be affected by the emergency are to be evacuated and taken to safe open place;  If there is a major emergency arising in the plant, all the persons should be made to assemble at the assembly point;  Those who are affected should be rescued and given first aid and medical assistance;  Incase power is to be switched off electrical dept. should be contacted;  The following people should be immediately informed about the emergency:  Medical centre;  Shift incharge;  Main gate to inform security incharge;  Safety officer;  HOD /HRD;  Maintenance head / engineer; and  List of persons to be contacted in emergency along with Telephone nos is displayed at various sites.

Liaisoning with Emergency Services

 HOD HRD/ manager safety will contact the fire brigade if required and any other statutory authority as per the statutory requirements. If the casualty(ies) is/are require further medical attention OHC in-charge should contact the nearest hospital either government or private as per his discretion and take further action;  If any external emergency services are required to enter the plant site to assist in the emergency, security incharge should arrange to inform the security at the gate to allow them and one guard should accompany them to the site of emergency; and  Plant personnel should assist the emergency service staff and inform them about any risk if any.

7.8.4 Cordoning off the Area and Controlling the Emergency

Security I/C on getting the intimation about the emergency should alert the Security guards in that area and inform the security officer to send additional security guards in the affected area who will assist the emergency service staff (Internal/External). In case of fire emergency security in-charge/officer should arrange to get the fire extinguishers /fire hydrant in the nearby areas to bring the

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C7-7 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-7 Additional Studies

fire under control. If instructed by the shift in-charge they should arrange to get the area cordoned off and restrict the entry of persons other than those required to bring the emergency under control in the affected area.

After the emergency is brought under control, cause of the emergency shall be investigated and corrective action and preventive action shall be taken to prevent recurrence of such emergency situations. Report shall be sent to plant head and safety manager. The safety manager will review the procedure for emergency preparedness and modify it if required.

7.8.5 Resource Requirement

Dept. head shall identify and document the resources required to ensure the effective implementation of the emergency and crisis management procedures. The following resources shall be considered and made available as necessary:

 Trained and competent personnel;  Equipment and other materials including personal protective equipment (PPE), emergency lights, critical isolation valves, switches and cut-outs, fir fighting equipment;  Warning devices such as fire alarms, smoke alarms;  Medical services, including personnel trained in first aid, and medical equipment that is appropriate to the type of operation. List of personnel trained in first aid shall be displayed at all the relevant places for ease of reference. Dept. head shall regularly check contents of the first aid box for any missing or expiry of any item;  Emergency services support such as ambulance, fire tender, etc;  Emergency funding, along with an appropriate mechanism for delivering funds;  The safety manager and Dept. head shall ensure that the equipment and material required for handling emergency are readily available at all times and are maintained properly. Records of such maintenance activities shall be maintained; and  The capacity of external resources, such as local fire-fighting capacity / fire- load shall be assessed and additional resources acquired and maintained at the operation where external resources are deemed insufficient.

7.8.6 Training and Emergency Response Mock Drills

 Employees, contractors, visitors and external stakeholders shall all be trained to understand the emergency preparedness and response plans, their roles and responsibilities, and the use of emergency response resources;  The exact training needs shall be identified based on the requirements, roles and responsibilities, and capabilities of the individual(s) concerned as per procedure for ‘competency, training and awareness’;  Mock drills shall be conducted as per the plan given by safety manager;  Where appropriate and practicable, the participation of contractors, security personnel and emergency service providers are considered;  The mock drills plan shall:

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 Include, desk-based exercises, emergency response exercises that involve the testing of equipment and logistics, and full evacuations whenever required.  Be scheduled regularly, at least once a year for full drills and six monthly for desk-based exercises, although the exact frequency and type of drills shall depend on the nature and scale of the operations, and the associated risks;  A report of the same is made specifying the detail scenario of the mock drill conducted, mentioning the deviations observed, root cause, response time, corrective actions taken for improvement and sent to safety manager;  Mock drill records shall be maintained in ‘mock drill report’ by concerned dept. Head, Safety Manager and environment manager; and  Mock drill results will be reviewed by department heads in consultation with dept. personnel and any recommended actions arising from the reviews will be implemented.

7.9 Steps to be taken in case of Potential Emergency Situations

In case of specific emergencies following specific actions will be taken by M/s. Vedanta Limited:

1. Fire

 Whenever any fire is noticed anywhere in the plant, one of the persons working in the area will inform one of the blast furnace control rooms or any company officer;  The other persons working in the area will make attempt to extinguish the fire based on the following guidelines;  If fire is on electric installation, DCP (Dry chemical powder) fire extinguishers or CO2 extinguisher or sand (buckets) are used but not water;  If known, put off the power supply by making switch off in case of electric fire; and  For any other type of fire, water from fire hydrant as well as sand and fire extinguishers (DCP) will be used.

2. Uncontrollable Leakage of Water from Gas Holder

 Informing boiler In-charge to withdraw gas and making him aware of the problem;  Isolate main gas line of furnace # 2 by water sealing, & keep BF # 2 flare stack valve open;  Opening flare stack valve fully of BF # 1, and start emptying the gas holder;  If required, wind volume of BF # 1, is to be reduced in order to drain the gas from the gas holder;  Once the gas holder is emptied, water seal the gas holder;  Steam purge the gas holder, & open the relief valve on top of the gas holder, in order to remove all the entrapped gases;  Isolate the gas holder by putting a blank on the gas line;  Draining the water from the gas holder, by opening the valves provided at the bottom of the gas holder; and  Hand over the gas holder to mechanical for repairs.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C7-9 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-7 Additional Studies

3. Tap Hole Breakout

 Evacuate all the people around the area to a safe distance through the emergency exits other than those leading to breakout area;  Cordon off the unsafe area ;  Address on PA system and alert all concerned in the plant;  Call ambulance and keep all medical facilities ready for any casualty;  Reduce the wind volume to minimum and maintain the blast pressure at 0 .10 kg /Cm2 (if required keep only two blowers ringing to drain the furnace of metal and slag;  Shut down the furnace. Cool the hot metal and slag with water ; and  Inform Sr. Manager - production & development, Manager - Production and GM -PIP for further action.

4. Blowpipe Bursting

 Alert everybody in the cast house to stay away from the tuyere platform;  Reduce the wind volume to safe minimum and open the cast if the furnace is due for tapping;  Take shutdown after draining the furnace; and  Replace the blowpipe and analyze the reasons for the same.

5. Hearth Break Out

 Hearth break out of serious nature (i.e all metal, slag and coke is out);  Reduce the wind volume, open the snort valve, open the bleeder valves if possible and stop the blowers;  Open the pressure relief valve on furnace top. (Equalization Valve - 1);  Back draft the furnace by opening the coffe pot valve;  Cool the hot metal and slag with water and rescue any persons, if trapped and could not be removed earlier;  Do the necessary repair job.

6. Sudden Failure of Cooling Water

Shift Superintendent / cast house engineer will take the following measures:

 Cast should be opened immediately and the furnace to be dried;  Simultaneously, stop the water connection to tuyere if the tuyere bursts;  Change over the water connection to fire hydrant line for tuyere and tuyere cooler;  Shutdown to be taken as per procedure;  All copper members are to be inspected for burning and changed, if required;  Inspection to be done and the reason for water failure is to be found out; and  In case of pipe line rupture, change over to the standby line.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C7-10 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-7 Additional Studies

In case overhead tank level is low due to:

 Shortage of Water

 Start recirculation of the return in water closed circuit and start the furnace immediately with jetty / or BNF water makeup. In the meantime, fill the overhead tank level with Kudnem / water tanker pipe line and jetty water;  Damage to the over head tank or the incoming pipe line before valve;  Drain the water completely and repair the tank / pipe line; and  In the meantime furnace is to be started with recirculation of return water with the addition of jetty pump / benefaction water line.

Gas Poisoning

 Whenever a person is found affected by BF gas, remove the person to a safe place free of gas;  Evacuate the place where the presence of gas is suspected. Do not start work until the area is declared free of gas by HOD;  Gas affected person should not be allowed to walk or run but should be carried by stretcher or ambulance;  Loosen the garments of the victim, but keep him warm with his garments;  Do not allow others to crowd, keep his head on one side and open his mouth.  Start artificial respiration with 15 - 18 movements / min till first aid arrives; and  Information should be given to any of blast furnace control rooms or any company officer.

Preparation of a Gas Affected Person for artificial respiration

If a person is affected by gas (poisonous) and has lost consciousness, it is necessary to:

 Take him out immediately in open air and at the same time, call the doctor;  Unbutton clothes hindering breathing;  Examine oral cavity if there are extraneous substances in it;  Clean oral cavity if there are extraneous substances in it;  Pull out the tongue with the help of a tongue holder or with fingers wrapped in a clean handkerchief; and  If the poisoned person does not breathe, begin making artificial respiration immediately. If respiration is normal don't give artificial respiration but put oxygen.

Method of Artificial Respiration

 A person affected by gas must be laid on his back. His rolled up clothes must be out under his shoulder blades so that his thorax should expand in a natural way;  All preliminary measures indicated in item a, b c and d must be carried out;  Then one must kneel near the head of the affected person, take hold of his arms below elbows near to wrists and pull them with force from the sides of VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C7-11 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-7 Additional Studies

his chest behind his head so that the elbows should touch the ground or the floor. In this position the arms must be held for about 2 seconds. During this position the act of inhalation takes place;  After this one should pull the arms in the reverse direction, bending them at the elbows and pressing them to the thorax for about 2 seconds at the act of exhalation;  In a minute 16 to 18 acts of inhalation and 16 to 18 acts of exhalation must be performed; and  Arms must be detained in extreme positions.

7. Checking for Presence of Gas

 If any person complaints of headache or giddiness at work place it must be assumed that he was affected by gas unless it is proved otherwise with the help of proper gas checking procedure mentioned below that the area is free of gas;  No person should check for gas unless he wears a gas mask. Minimum 2 persons should go in the area for checking the presence of gas and other persons should be ready in fresh air for helping in case of any emergency;  No person shall enter in the gas area for rescue without wearing a gas mask;  The HOD (Prod) along with S.S. and selected team members should investigate the reason for presence of gas and take steps to rectify the same;  The team going for investigation should carry atleast two gas detectors; and  Any steam or smoke should be considered as gas unless it is proved otherwise.

8. Fire / Explosion in Gas Line

 Inform boiler incharge to withdraw gas;  Steam purges the concerned gas line;  Isolate the concerned blast furnace from the gas holder, by water sealing the gas line;  If required, reduce wind volume and keep the bleeders opened. Open the cast immediately and dry the furnace;  Take shut down as per procedure;  Inspect and find out the reason for explosion;  Isolate the concerned gas line, by putting a blank if there if welding work; and  Hand over the gas line to mechanical for repairs.

9. Spillage / Failure of Diesel Tank

 The valve of the dyke wall should be kept close at all the times;  If any heavy spillage is observed or the tank ruptures the entire diesel will accumulate in the dyke wall;  Immediately on notice of such incident report to BF control room or boiler control room;  The shift incharge should be informed about the incident who will then co- ordinate the emergency response activities;  Manager safety should be contacted; VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C7-12 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-7 Additional Studies

 Care should be taken to avoid any open flame near the dyke wall;  The diesel from the dyke wall should be collected in suitable container avoiding any run off;  Do not operate any electrical equipment;  General manager, manager HRD and manager stores should be informed about the incident; and  Manager HRD should take steps to inform the incident to Joint Chief Controller of Explosives.

10. Explosion in Boiler/Transformer/Diesel Tank

 Explosion in Boiler

 Boiler explosion can be either on fuel side or on steam side;  In either case, boiler has to be stopped (fuel to be cut off);  People near boiler should be taken to safe area (100 m away);  Boiler inspector has to be informed after ascertaining the cause by section head (power plant). GM (PIP) should also be informed; and  If there is fire, it has to be controlled using fire hydrants and fire extinguishers by trained fire fighters.

 Explosion in Transformer

 Power supply to the transformer is to be switched off by electrical shift engineer.  If any fire is there, fire is to be extinguished by using suitable fire extinguisher (CO2 / DCP but not water) Electrical inspector has to be intimated, GM (PIP) is to be informed.

 Explosion in Diesel Tank / Fuel Oil Tank

 Person working nearby should be shifted) away (100 m away) ;  Fire is to be put off by using mainly, foam type fire extinguisher or fire hydrant or DCP; and  Inform GM (PIP) and Director (Fire services).

11. Major Accidents

 In case of any accident in the plant the injured workmen will be taken to the plant dispensary for the treatment;  If needed, he is shifted by the ambulance which is stationed near the dispensary and can be called anywhere in the plant on inter com. (Telephone No. 222.);  Minor injuries can be attended by the male nurse on duty;  Doctor if needed can be called by sending vehicle to his house;  If the doctor feels that the patient needs further treatment, then he will send the patient to GMC hospital in Bambolim or private nursing home in Mapusa;

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C7-13 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-7 Additional Studies

 The first information report about the accident will be sent to the dispensary by the department concerned immediately after sending the injured person to the dispensary;  The resident doctor will send the accident report along with personal accident insurance claim form and medical certificate to the personal department for sending the accident report to Government Authorities concerned; and  All work except rescue work shall be discontinued till the area is made safe by the safety manager and / or HOD Prod. and/or S.S. with information to BM.  No person shall try to alter any conditions at the accident spot without informing safety manager or BM or S.S. (in non-general shift hours and holidays) unless such act is required for rescuing the persons trapped at the accident site.

Details of Availability of Fire-Fighting Facilities for Proposed DI Pipe Plant

The wall mounted portable fire extinguishers with initial charge, necessary accessories and their erection in LT substation, office building, MCC rooms, control rooms etc will be provided. Water based fire hydrants will be provided for various main & auxiliary units of DI pipe plant. Following fire protection facilities have been envisaged for the equipment’s for proposed DI pipe plant which is given in below Table-7.1.

TABLE 7.1 FIRE FIGHTING FACILITIES FOR PROPOSED DI PIPE PLANT

Sr.No Equipments Fire Fighting Facilities 1 Induction holding furnace CO2 extinguishers 2 Mg treatment DCP/CO2 extinguisher and fire hydrant 3 Casting Fire hydrant 4 Annealing DCP/CO2 extinguisher 5 Zinc coating M/c DCP/CO2 extinguisher 6 Tri grinding station Fire hydrant/monitor 7 Pressure testing M/c Fire hydrant/monitor 8 Curing oven Fire hydrant/monitor 9 Drying oven Fire hydrant/monitor 10 Coating unit DCP/CO2 extinguishers 11 Core shop DCP/CO2 extinguisher and fire hydrant 12 Mould shop Fire hydrant/monitor 13 MCC rooms Foam type 14 Office buildings Fire hydrant/monitor 15 Compressed air station Fire hydrant/monitor

7.10 Off-Site Emergency Preparedness Plan

The task of preparing the off-site emergency plan lies with the district collector, however the off-site plan will be prepared with the help of the local district authorities.

7.10.1 Aspects Proposed to be considered in the Off-Site Emergency Plan

The main aspects, which will be included in the emergency plan are:

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 Organization

Detail of command structure, warning systems, implementation procedures, emergency control centers.

Names and appointments of incident controller, site main controller, their deputies and other key personnel.

 Communications

Identification of personnel involved, communication center, call signs, network, lists of telephone numbers.

 Specialized Knowledge

Details of specialist bodies, firms and people upon whom it may be necessary to call i.e. those with specialized chemical knowledge, laboratories.

 Voluntary Organizations

Details of organizers, telephone numbers and resources etc.

 Chemical Information

Details of the hazardous substances stored or procedure on each site and a summary of the risk associated with them.

 Meteorological Information

Arrangements for obtaining details of weather conditions prevailing at the time and weather forecasts.

 Humanitarian Arrangements

Transport, evacuation centers, emergency feeding treatment of injured, first aid, ambulances and temporary mortuaries.

 Public Information

(a) Dealing with the media press office and (b) Informing relatives, etc.

 Assessment of Emergency Plan

Arrangements for:

(a) Collecting information on the causes of the emergency; and (b) Reviewing the efficiency and effectiveness of all aspects of the emergency plan.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C7-15 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-7 Additional Studies

7.10.2 Role of the Emergency Co-ordinating Officer

The various emergency services will be co-ordinated by an emergency coordinating officer (ECO), who will be designated by the district collector. The ECO will liase closely with the site main controller. Again depending on local arrangements, for very severe incidents with major or prolonged off-site consequences, the external control will be passed to a senior local authority administrator or even an administrator appointed by the central or state government.

7.10.3 Role of the Local Authority

The duty to prepare the off-site plan lies with the local authorities. The emergency planning officer (EPO) appointed will carry out his duty in preparing for a whole range of different emergencies within the local authority area. The EPO will liase with the works, to obtain the information to provide the basis for the plan. This liaison will ensure that the plan is continually kept up-to-date.

It will be the responsibility of the EPO to ensure that all those organizations which will be involved off site in handling the emergency, know of their role and are able to accept it by having for example, sufficient staff and appropriate equipment to cover their particular responsibilities. Rehearsals for off-site plans will be organized by the EPO.

7.10.4 Role of Police

Formal duties of the police during an emergency include protecting life and property and controlling traffic movements.

Their functions will include controlling bystanders evacuating the public, identifying the dead and dealing with casualties, and informing relatives of death or injury.

7.10.5 Role of Fire Authorities

The control of a fire will be normally the responsibility of the senior fire brigade officer who would take over the handling of the fire from the site incident controller on arrival at the site. The senior fire brigade officer will also have a similar responsibility for other events, such as explosions and toxic release. Fire authorities in the region will be apprised about the location of all stores of flammable materials, water and foam supply points, and fire-fighting equipment. They will be involved in on-site emergency rehearsals both as participants and on occasions, as observes of exercises involving only site personnel.

7.10.6 Role of Health Authorities

Health authorities, including doctors, surgeons, hospitals, ambulances, and so on, will have a vital part to play following a major accident, and they will form an integral part of the emergency plan.

For major fires, injuries will be the result of the effects of thermal radiation to a varying degree, and the knowledge and experience to handle this in all but VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C7-16 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-7 Additional Studies

extreme cases may be generally available in most hospitals. For major toxic releases, the effects vary according to the chemical in question, and the health authorities will be apprised about the likely toxic releases from the plant which will unable them in dealing with the aftermath of a toxic release with treatment appropriate to such casualties.

Major off-site incidents are likely to require medical equipment and facilities additional to those available locally, and a medical “mutual aid“ scheme should exist to enable the assistance of neighboring authorities to be obtained in the event of an emergency.

7.10.7 Role of Government Safety Authority

This will be the factory inspectorate available in the region. Inspectors are likely to want to satisfy themselves that the organization responsible for producing the off-site plan has made adequate arrangements for handling emergencies of all types including major emergencies. They may wish to see well documented producers and evidence of exercise undertaken to test the plan.

In the event of an accident, local arrangements regarding the role of the factory inspector will apply. These may vary from keeping a watching brief to a close involvement in advising on operations. In cases where toxic gases may have been released, the factory inspectorate may be the only external agency with equipment and resources to carry out tests.

7.11 Occupational Health and Safety

Large industries, in general, and chemical plants in particular where multifarious activities are involved during construction, erection, testing, commissioning, operation & maintenance, the men, materials and machines are the basic inputs. Along with the boons, the industrialization generally bring several problems like occupational health and safety. Following are the additional occupational and safety measures to implemented in the proposed DI pipe project.

7.11.1 Occupational Health

Occupational health needs attention both during construction & erection and operation & maintenance phases. However, the problem varies both in magnitude and variety in the above phases.

 Construction & Erection

The occupational health problems envisaged at this stage can mainly be due to constructional accident and noise.

To overcome these hazards, in addition to arrangements to reduce it within TLV’s personal protective devices should also be supplied to workers.

 Operation and Maintenance

The problem of occupational health, in the operation and maintenance phase is due to respirable dust and noise. With suitable engineering controls the exposures VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C7-17 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-7 Additional Studies

can be reduced to less than TLV limits and proper personnel protective devices should be given to employees.

The working personnel should be given the following appropriate personnel protective devices.

 Industrial safety helmet;  Crash helmets;  Face shield with replacement acrylic vision;  Zero power plain goggles with cut type filters on both ends;  Zero power goggles with cut type filters on both sides and blue colour glasses;  Chemical goggles;  Welders equipment for eye & face protection;  Cylindrical type earplug;  Ear muffs;  Dust masks;  Canister gas mask;  Self contained breathing apparatus;  Leather apron;  Aluminized fiber glass fix proximity suit with hood and gloves;  Boiler suit;  Safety belt/lime man’s safety belt;  Leather hand gloves;  Asbestos hand gloves;  Acid/alkali proof rubberized hand gloves;  Canvas cum leather hand gloves with leather palm;  Lead hand glove;  Electrically tested electrical resistance hand gloves;  Industrial safety shoes with steel toe;  Rubber boots (alkali resistant); and  Electrical safety shoes without steel toe and gum boots.

Full fledged hospital facilities should be made available round the clock for attending emergency arising out of accidents, if any. All working personnel should be medically examined at least once in every year and at the end of his term of employment. This is in addition to the pre-employment medical examination.

7.11.2 Safety Plan

Safety of both men and materials during construction and operation phases is of concern. The preparedness of an industry for the occurrence of possible disasters is known as emergency plan. The disaster in the plant is possible due to leakage of hazardous chemicals, collapse of structures and fire/explosion etc. Keeping in view the safety requirement during construction, operation and maintenance phases has formulated safety policy with the following regulations:

 To allocate sufficient resources to maintain safe and healthy conditions of work;

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 To take steps to ensure that all known safety factors are taken into account in the design, construction, operation and maintenance of plants, machinery and equipment;

 To ensure that adequate safety instruction are given to all employees;

 To provide wherever necessary protective equipment, safety appliances and clothing, and to ensure their proper use;

 To inform employees about materials equipment or processes used in their work which are known to be potentially hazardous to health or safety;

 To keep all operations and methods of work under regular review for making necessary changes from the point of view of safety in the light of experience and upto date knowledge;

 To provide appropriate facilities for first aid and prompt treatment of injuries and illness at work;

 To provide appropriate instruction, training, retraining and supervision to employees in health and safety, first aid and to ensure that adequate publicity is given to these matters;

 To ensure proper implementation of fire prevention methods and an appropriate fire fighting service together with training facilities for personnel involved in this service;

 To organize collection, analysis and presentation of data on accident, sickness and incident involving personnel injury or injury to health with a view to taking corrective, remedial and preventive action;

 To promote through the established machinery, joint consultation in health and safety matters to ensure effective participation by all employees;

 To publish/notify regulations, instruction and notices in the common language of employees;

 To prepare separate safety rules for each types of occupation/processes involved in a project; and

 To ensure regular safety inspection by a competent person at suitable intervals of all buildings, equipment, work places and operations.

7.11.3 Safety Organization

 Construction & Erection Phase

A qualified and experienced safety officer has been appointed. The responsibilities of the safety officers include identification of the hazardous conditions and unsafe acts of workers and advice on corrective actions, conduct safety audit, organizing training programs and provide professional expert advice on various issues

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C7-19 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-7 Additional Studies

related to occupational safety and health. He is also responsible to ensure compliance of works safety rules/statutory provisions.

 Operation & Maintenance Phase

When the construction is completed the posting of safety officers should be in accordance with the requirement of factories act and their duties and responsibilities should be as defined thereof.

7.11.4 Safety Circle

In order to fully develop the capabilities of the employees in identification of hazardous processes and improving safety and health, safety circles would be constituted in each area of work. The circle would consist of 5-6 employees from that area. The circle normally should meet for about an hour every week.

7.11.5 Safety Training

A full-fledged training center will be set up. Safety training will be provided by the safety officer with the assistance of faculty members called from corporate center, professional safety institutions and universities. In addition to regular employees, limited contractor labors are also provided safety training.

To create safety awareness safety films will be shown to workers and leaflets etc. will be distributed.

Some precautions and remedial measures proposed to be adopted to prevent fires are:

 Compartmentation of cable galleries, use of proper sealing techniques of cable passages and crevices in all directions would help in localizing and identifying the area of occurrence of fire as well as ensure effective automatic and manual firefighting operations;

 Spread of fire in horizontal direction would be checked by providing fire stops for cable shafts;

 Reliable and dependable type of fire detection system with proper zoning and interlocks for alarms are effective protection methods for conveyor galleries;

 House keeping of high standard helps in eliminating the causes of fire and regular fire watching system strengthens fire prevention and firefighting; and

 Proper fire watching by all concerned would be ensured.

7.11.6 Health and Safety Monitoring Plan

All the potential occupational hazardous work places such as iron ore handling, dolomite and limestone areas will be monitored regularly. The health of employees will be monitored once in a year for early detection of any ailment due

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C7-20 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification/Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-7 Additional Studies

to exposure to noise, respirable dust and hazardous chemicals. The audiometry and lung function tests will be included in this surveillance program.

7.11.7 Occupational Health & Safety measures followed in the Existing Pig Iron Plant

Occupational health of the workers is looked after by occupational health centre which is managed by factory medical officer and medical staff.

Occupational health service activities being followed in the existing plant are as follows:

1. Pre-employment medical examination of employee. Employees recruited for employment undergo necessary pre-employment medical examination for fitness for the job. In this way, right persons are selected for right job; 2. Periodical medical examination of employees; 3. Periodic medical examination of employees is being conducted regularly and necessary feedback is being provided to individuals. They undergo audiometry test, radiograph of chest, verna test, pulmonary function test, E.C.G., blood & urine examination and clinical examination; and 4. Eye check-up for the employees.

Crane operators and drivers undergo eye check up for refractory error by Ophthalmologist every year.

In addition to the above, first aid training & treatment and maintenance of first aid boxes are also looked after by the occupational health services. The existing occupational health checks up details are given in Annexure-XIV.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C7-21 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-8

Project Benefits

8.0 PROJECT BENEFITS

The proposed project will result in improvement of infrastructure as well as overall socio-economic development in the area. The people residing in the nearby areas will be benefited directly and or indirectly due to the proposed project. It is anticipated that the proposed project will provide benefits to the locals in two phases i.e. during construction phase as well as during operational stage of the plant.

8.1 Construction Phase

During construction phase, the proposed project will benefit the region in following manner:

8.1.1 Employment Generation

The proposed project will generate employment opportunities to the local populace during construction phase.

The total manpower requirement during construction is about 300 persons. Unskilled/semi-skilled labour for the plant would be drawn locally or from nearby places. The employment of local personnel in skilled and executive staff category will depend on availability and suitability of individuals.

In addition to the direct employment in the construction of proposed project, an indirect employment will generate in truck transport operation, repair garages, other ancillary units, markets/shops etc.

8.1.2 Demography and Socio-Economics

As the labours/ workmen are generally un-skilled, the locals will get opportunities for employment during construction activities. During the construction and operational phase some in-migration is anticipated and this population will be requiring shelter and other infrastructure facilities, because of this local people will earn some money through rent from them. In addition to the opportunity of getting employment as construction laborers, the local population will also have employment opportunities in related service activities like petty commercial establishments, small contracts/sub-contracts and supply of construction materials for buildings and ancillary infrastructures etc. Consequently, this may lead to economic up-liftment of the area.

8.2 Operational Phase

8.2.1 Employment

The total manpower requirement during operation phase is estimated to be 400 persons excluding contract labour required for auxiliary services like loading of materials, unloading of stores and miscellaneous materials and general cleaning work and security. Unskilled/semi-skilled labour for the plant will be drawn locally or from nearby places.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C8-1 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-8

Project Benefits

8.2.2 Anticipated/ Expected Impact on Socio- Economics

. The proposed project is expected to create full time as well as part time job opportunities to the local population through direct and indirect employment; . The living conditions are expected to improve due to improvement in income levels; . The food security is ensured due to regular income and other welfare measures; . Children, old aged and other vulnerable groups would get welfare services like, education, scholarships, nutrition and health; . The improvement in education facilities would impact on overall literacy rate in the area; . The overall health environment is expected to improve due to health services, awareness programs and food security through improvement in livelihood; and . It is expected that the marginalized communities like SCs and STs would be given priority in employment and other corporate social responsibility measures, which will reduce the socio- economic disparities.

8.3 Budget for CSR Activities

M/s Vedanta Ltd is committed to CSR activities through its group of companies. The existing CSR programs implemented has covered the following programs for the socio-economic development in surrounding villages near the project. The budget expenditure from 2011-17 spent so far towards CSR programs and activities are given in Table-8.1. CSR photographs are shown in Figue-8.1.

TABLE-8.1 CSR EXPENDITURE DETAILS (In Lakhs) 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 CSR Activities

Education 14.21 8.99 10.93 13.52 10.17 6.25 Health 14.06 19.15 32.66 29.22 16.68 20.10 Infra 55.60 14.05 28.29 61.52 43.09 39.87 Livelihood & Agriculture 39.55 24.15 16.05 24.59 25.03 18.45 Sport & Culture & others 2.27 2.05 2.07 0.62 0.55 0.80 Women Empowerment & 2.39 0.74 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 others Grand Total 128.09 69.12 90.54 129.48 95.53 85.47

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C8-2 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-8

Project Benefits

Cancer Awareness and Detection Camp

Inauguration of Street Light Pole Awareness Program on ‘Entrepreneurship Development

Community Development Initiatives

FIGURE-8.1 CSR PHOTOGRAPHS

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C8-3 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-9 Administrative Aspects

9.0 ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS

9.1 Institutional Arrangements for Environment Protection and Conservation

A separate environment management cell will be earmarked for monitoring of pollutants and development of greenbelt as per environment management plan. Environmental management cell (EMC) will meet at least once a month to assess the progress and analyze the data collected for the month. Any deviation/variation noticed shall be immediately taken into consideration for improvement of the same. The organizational structure of environment management cell is presented in Figure-9.1.

9.2 Mechanism for addressing Environmental Issues

The company has monitoring mechanism for addressing environmental concerns at unit level, Vedanta group company level and corporate level. Depending on the scale and nature of the issue, the concern is escalated to different level right upto the Board of the company and also the shareholders of the company in the general body meetings.

The compliances to environment clearance and all environmental licenses are reviewed and monitored regularly and reports are submitted to the respective regulatory authorities at every manufacturing location by a dedicated environmental professional, who reports directly to the Location Head. The compliance is periodically reviewed and audited by Corporate Environment Department, which reports to the top management of the company.

Any non-compliances/show cause/notices received from regulatory authority or any stakeholder is addressed jointly by the unit and corporate environment department. Such issues are also reported to the top management every month. Further, all show cause, complaint letters and notices from any stakeholder, along with the action taken report is submitted to the Board of Directors of the company every quarterly. All major concerns are reported to the stakeholders through the annual general body meetings of the company. Vedanta Limited has a well laid Health, Safety, Environment and Quality (HSEQ) Policy as shown in Figure-9.2.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C9-1 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-9 Administrative Aspects

FIGURE-9.1 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C9-2 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-9 Administrative Aspects

FIGURE-9.2 HSEQ POLICY VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C9-3 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-9 Administrative Aspects

9.3 Budgetary Allocation for Environment Protection

Environment protection will be monitored and implemented by a centralized environment management cell. Vedanta Limited is proposed to spend about Rs. 7.3 crores towards environmental protection measures with a recurring cost of about Rs.0.71 crores.

As environmental protection will be monitored and implemented by a centralized environmental management cell, the fiscal estimates have been arrived for the proposed project activity, which is given below. Details of expenditure on environment protection measures are given in Table-9.1.

TABLE-9.1 COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES

Sr. No Particulars Proposed Cost (Rs. Crores) Capital Cost Recurring Cost per Annum per Annum 1 Continuous online stack emission monitoring 1.0 0.1 systems 2 ETP and rainwater harvesting 1.2 0.1 3 Post project monitoring - 0.1 4 Occupational health & safety measures 0.5 0.1 5 De-dusting system 4.0 0.2 6 Greenbelt development 0.1 0.1 7 Dust suppression measures 0.5 0.01 Total 7.3 0.71

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C9-4 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-10 Summary & Conclusions

10.0 SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS

10.1 Introduction

M/s. Vedanta Limited (Formerly Sesa Goa Limited) proposes for product diversification / change in product mix by converting 0.3 MTPA hot liquid metal, out of 0.45 MTPA hot liquid metal from blast furnace to ductile iron spun pipe at Navelim village, Bicholim taluka, North Goa district, Goa.

As per Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification dated 14th September, 2006 and 01.12.2009, the proposed project falls under category ‘A’, of Schedule 3(a) and requires Environmental Clearance (EC) to be obtained from Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Government of India before the commencement of ground activity.

The EIA report has been prepared based on the Terms of Reference (TOR) conditions prescribed by MoEF&CC vide letter No. F.No.J-11011/946/2007.IA.II (I) dated 10.08.2016 and baseline environmental studies were conducted during 1st March 2016 to 31st May 2016 representing pre-monsoon season, 2016 and additional one month i.e June 2016 as per the ToR.

10.2 Environmental Setting

The environmental settings of the project are given in Table-10.1. The study area of the project is shown in Figure-10.1.

TABLE-10.1 DETAILS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING

Sr. No Particulars Details 1 Location Navelim village, Bicholim taluka, North Goa district, Goa

2 Coordinates

Sr. No Latitude Longitude

A 15° 30’ 52.89’’ N 74° 00’ 09.47’’ E 301 B 15° 30’ 55.70’’ N 74° 00’ 15.40’’ E C 15° 30’ 44.75’’ N 74° 00’ 22.70’’ E D 15° 30’ 42.10’’ N 74° 00’ 16.87’’ E 3 Toposheet No 48 E/14,E/15,& I/2, I/3 4 Elevation 44 m above MSL 5 Nearest village Mayni ward of Navelim village (0.3 km, SSW)

6 Nearest town & district Sankhali town (5.0 km, N) Mapusa (21.0 km, NW) 7 Nearest highway NH -4A (5.3 km, WSW) 8 Nearest railway line Caramboli m (Karmali) railway station (8.5 km, WSW)

9 Nearest airport Dabolim airport (21.0 km, SW)

km, SW) 10 Nearest seaport Mormugao port (22 km, SW)

11 Interstate boundary Goa - Maharashtra (9.8 km, N) North Mapusa : 30 km, NW 12 Sensitive areas Old Goa church- Approx. 6 km Mhadei WLS boundary- 10.2 km (ESZ -9.0 km, NE) Bondla WLS -11.1 km (ESZ-10.2 km, SE ) Dr.Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary -14.3 km, (ESZ-14.1 km,W)

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C10-1 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-10 Summary & Conclusions

Sr. No Particulars Details 13 Water bodies Mandavi river (0.5 km, W) Kudne river (1.5 km, N) Karmali lake (7.6 km, SW) Arabian sea (15.0 km, SW)

14 List of other industries Desai cement plant (0.3 km, SSE) Amiantit fiber glass factory (0.3 km, E) Hegemon Ispat (0.9 km, NE) Alcon cement plant (3.4 km, SE) Surla-Sonshi iron ore mine (3.7 km, ENE) Sanquelim iron ore mine (4.6 km, N) Gaval Sonshi iron ore mine (5.1 km, ENE) Kundaim industrial estate (5.6 km, SSW) Mareta Sodo iron ore mine(6.0 km, ENE) Syngenta pesticide plant (6.7 km, WSW) Corlim industrial estate (7.0 km, W) Nestle India Ltd (9.5 km, SE) 15 Reserve forest Reserve Forest (4.0 km, E) Reserve Forest (5.0 km, E) Reserve Forest (R.F) near Salili (9.2 km, NE) 16 Seismicity Seismic zone- III *Note : All distances mentioned above are in ‘( )’ aerial distance from the plant boundary

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C10-2 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-10 Summary & Conclusions

FIGURE-10.1 STUDY AREA MAP OF 10 KM RADIUS

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C10-3 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-10 Summary & Conclusions

10.3 Project Description

The manufacturing process of DI pipe is a continuous sequential process involving several sub-processes.The process starts with receipt of hot metal from blast furnace, desulphurization, scrap charging and super heating of molten metal in induction furnace; pipes are centrifugally cast using molten metal; heat treatment follows in annealing furnace to give ductility to the pipes cast; lining and coatings are carried out to manufacture finished pipes.

10.3.1 Salient Features

The salient features of project are given below in Table-10.2.

TABLE-10.2 SALIENT FEATURES OF PROPOSED PROJECT

10.4 Baseline Environmental Status

The baseline data monitoring studies have been carried out for four months representing covering pre-monsoon season (March to May 2016) and during June 2016. The details are as follows:

10.4.1 Land Use

10.4.2 Soil Characteristics

Pre-monsoon Season (March-May 2016)

The pH of the soil in the study area ranged from 5.3 to 7.8. The electrical conductivity was observed to be in the range of 28.7 µmhos/cm to 183.3 µmhos/cm. The nitrogen values range between 109.9 to 548.1 kg/ha. The phosphorus values range between 40 to 59 kg/ha. The potassium values range between 65.8 – 317.5 kg/ha.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C10-4 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-10 Summary & Conclusions

June 2016

The pH of the soil in the study area ranged from 6.3 to 7.5. The electrical conductivity was observed to be in the range of 32.3 µmhos/cm to 163.3 µmhos/cm. The nitrogen values range between 89.4 to 476.4 kg/ha. The phosphorus values range between 41.2 to 64.3 kg/ha. The potassium values range between 52.3 – 316.4 kg/ha.

10.4.3 Meteorology

Pre-monsoon Season

Temperature ranged from 240C to 390C and the relative humidity recorded in the range of 42% to 79%. Total rainfall observed was 61.5 mm during the study period. Predominant winds are mostly from NW (29.1%) followed by W (25.2%) and WNW (10.7%) direction.

10.4.4 Ambient Air Quality

Pre-Monsoon Season (March-May 2016)

Ten ambient air quality monitoring stations were selected in and around project site. The minimum and maximum concentrations for PM10 were recorded as 50.0 3 3 g/m and 71.3 g/m .The minimum and maximum concentrations for PM2.5 were recorded as 21.1 g/m3 and 33.8 g/m3 respectively.

June 2016

The minimum and maximum values of PM10 and PM2.5 were observed in the range of 48.1 g/m3 and 68.4 g/m3.The minimum and maximum concentrations for 3 3 PM2.5 were recorded as 20.0 g/m and 29.6 g/m respectively.

10.4.5 Water Quality

The baseline water quality status in the region is established by analysing samples at 16 locations consisting of eight ground water samples and eight surface water samples. The ground and surface water samples were analysed and found that ground water quality is well within the drinking water quality limits and surface water has been found to be suitable for drinking after the conventional treatment followed by disinfection.

10.4.6 Noise Levels

The noise monitoring has been conducted for determination of noise levels at ten locations in the study area. Noise monitoring results reveal ambient noise levels in all the locations are well within the limits as per CPCB ambient noise standards.

10.4.7 Ecological Environment

There is no presence of Schedule-I mammals in the study area. However, there are Schedule-II, III, IV and V species listed in the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C10-5 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-10 Summary & Conclusions

Incidentally, there is no presence of endangered botanical flora reported in the study area, which is listed in the Schedule VI of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

Mangrove species are found in the creeks, along with halophyte species such as Pandanus tectorius –Kewda species.

10.4.8 Social Environment

The study area (10 km radius) area has a total population of 147353 persons according to 2011 census. The configuration of male and female indicates that the males constitute to about 50.97% and females to 49.03% of the total population. The total literacy rate is 88.66 % in the region.

10.5 Summary of Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

The summary of anticipated adverse environmental impacts and the mitigation measures during constructional and operation phase are given in Table-10.3.

TABLE-10.3 SUMMARY OF ANTICIPATED IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION PHASE

Discipline Potential Probable Mitigation Measures Remarks Negative Source Impacts Constructional Impacts Water quality Increase in Loose soil at During monsoon season _ suspended solids construction run off from construction due to soil run-off site site will be routed to a during heavy temporary sedimentation precipitation tank for settlement of suspended solids. Air quality Increase in dust Levelling Sprinkling of water in the The impact will be and NO2 activity and construction area and low, as the main concentration heavy unpaved roads will be approach road will be vehicular done. Proper maintenance tarred. movement of vehicles will be done. Noise Increase in noise Construction Equipment will be kept in Workers will be level equipment good condition to keep the provided necessary noise level within 90 protective equipment dB(A). Workers, who are e.g. ear plugs, working in the high noisy earmuffs. areas, will be provided with protective equipment. Construction activity will be restricted to day time only. Terrestrial Clearing of Land The proposed project will Extensive plantation ecology vegetation acquisition and be established within the in the surrounding including cutting soil enabling existing plant premises areas including plant of forest areas activities and it is already under site will be done. industrial land use category. The greenbelt will be developed in plant area.

Operational Impacts

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C10-6 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-10 Summary & Conclusions

Discipline Potential Probable Mitigation Measures Remarks Negative Source Impacts Water quality Deterioration of Discharge from Wastewater is generated The reuse of treated surface water various plant from cement lining and wastewater will help quality units and other other process is treated in conserving the auxiliary units in ETP and reused for fresh water plant process. resources.

Air quality Increase in PM, Common Bag filter will be provided The resultant air SO2 and NOx Stack and D.G to control Particulate quality will conform levels in ambient sets matter emission to less to the stipulated air. than 50 mg/Nm3. standards.

Water sprinkling in road and dispatch yard for dust suppression.

Motorable roads in the plant area are paved to reduce dust emission.

Waste core sand sent for land fill/construction fill/road bases.

Zinc dust collected and sold to authorized agents.

Used oil will be sold to authorized agents.

Noise levels Increase in noise Equipment in Equipment will be Employees working in levels in the plant main plant and designed to conform to high noise areas area. auxiliaries. noise levels prescribed by would be provided regulatory agencies. earplugs/ earmuffs as Provision of green belt and protective device. plantation would further help in attenuating noise. Demography Strain on existing Influx of Locals will be given Overall socio- and socio- amenities like people of preference in employment economic status of economics housing, water proposed and especially displaced the area is expected sources and project persons on priority. to improve sanitation, medical employees as considerably. and infrastructure well as No significant impact is facilities. contractor's envisaged as sufficient employees/ additional facilities are labourers. proposed by the project proponents. Storm water Impact on water Rain water Storm water discharges Separate storm water control resources from site will be sent to drains will ensure separate storm drains discharge of VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C10-7 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-10 Summary & Conclusions

Discipline Potential Probable Mitigation Measures Remarks Negative Source Impacts uncontaminated run- off water during rainy season.

The collected run-off water from the drains will be used for rainwater harvesting within the plant premises. Fire & Safety Accidents and Chemical and Disaster management plan On-site and Off-site disasters related fuel storages (DMP) has been prepared emergency plan will to fire & safety be implemented during any disaster.

10.6 Project Benefits

 Generation of employment and improved standard of living;  Establishment of small and medium scale engineering ancillaries;  Revenue to Government;  Change in the socio-economic scenario of the area;  Direct and in direct employment during construction and in operation phases;  Recruitment for the unskilled and semiskilled workers for the proposed project will be from the nearby villages;  Development of the basic amenities viz. roads, transportation, electricity, drinking water, proper sanitation, educational institutions, medical facilities, entertainment; and  Overall the project will change living standards of the people and improve the socio-economic conditions of the area.

Thus, in view of considerable benefits from the project without any adverse environmental impact, the proposed project is most advantageous to the region as well as to the nation.

10.7 Conclusions

The proposed project will have certain level of marginal impacts on the local environment, which will be mitigated by effective EMP. However, development of this project has certain beneficial impact/effects in terms of providing the employment opportunities that the same will create during the course of its construction as well as during operational phase of the project.

Thus, it can be concluded that with the judicious and proper implementation of the pollution control and mitigation measures, the proposed project will be beneficial to the society and will help to reduce the demand – supply gap of DI pipes and will contribute to the economic development of the region in particular and country in general.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C10-8 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-11 Disclosure of Consultants

11.0 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS

11.1 Introduction

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environment Management Plan (EMP) report has been prepared by carrying out various scientific studies. Studies have been carried out by engaging scientists/engineers/experts of Vimta Labs Limited, India and its associates.

11.2 Vimta Labs Limited - Environment Consultant

Vimta Labs Limited is a leading multi-disciplinary testing and research laboratory in India. VIMTA provides contract research and testing services in the areas of environmental assessment, analytical testing, clinical research, preclinical (animal) studies, clinical reference lab services, advanced molecular biology services and research & development studies.

The Environment Division has been in the forefront of its vision to provide better environment through guiding and assisting the industry for sustainable development. A stalwart in the mission to protect and preserve the natural resources on earth for future generations, it offers extensive research and consultancy services in the field of environment. With its rich experience, multi- disciplinary expertise and with the support of its state-of the-art analytical equipment, the services offered by the division are wide ranging and encompasses entire gamut of environment management and monitoring services. With its emphasis on quality services over the years, it has evolved itself into a single reference point in India for comprehensive environmental services.

11.2.1 The Quality Policy

 VIMTA is committed to good professional practices and quality of operations in its testing, validation and research services;

 VIMTA shall ensure customer satisfaction by maintaining independence, impartiality and integrity in its operations;

 VIMTA shall provide the services in accordance with national and international norms;

 VIMTA shall implement quality systems as per ISO/IEC 17025 and applicable Good Laboratory Practices (GLPs) & Good Clinical Practices (GCPs), to generate technically valid results/data; and

 VIMTA shall ensure that all its personnel familiarize with the policies and procedures of the quality system and implement the same in their work.

11.2.2 Major Milestones and Accreditations

 1984 - Registered with an initial investment of Rs.200,000=00  1985 - Recognized by ISI (now known as Bureau of Indian Standards)

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C11-1 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-11 Disclosure of Consultants

 1987 - Qualified by the criteria of Ministry of Environment and Forests, India and was notified as one of the first 14 Standard Environmental Laboratories published in the Gazette of India  1988 - Licensed for carrying out tests on Drugs and Pharmaceuticals  1991 - Accredited by NCTCF, DST, Government of India (the forerunner of NABL)  1995 - Accredited by NABL, India under its revised scheme, certified by Standards Australia, Quality Assurance Services as per ISO/IEC Guide 25 and ISO 9002  1996 - GLP Compliance  1998 - Accreditation by GOSSTANDART and joint venture for certification of Food Exports with ROSTEST, Russia  1998 - World Bank Recognition  2002 - ANVISA Brazil Certification  2003 - USFDA accepts Vimta Bioequivalence study report. Showcased Vimta at AAPS (USA) and ICSE-CPHI (Germany)  2003 – Recognized by Saudi Arabian Standards Organization  2004- Enters Gulf market - Executes a contract for environmental consultancy in Kuwait  2006 –Expands its overseas activities. Undertakes environmental assignment in Saudi Arabia  2006 – Undertakes environmental impact assignment in Tanzania, Africa  2008 – Has been Pre-Qualified by World Health Organization (WHO)  2009 – Undertaken environment impact Assignment in Cameroon, Africa.

11.2.3 Services Offered

Spread over 70,000 sq.ft lush green garden premises at Cherlapally, Hyderabad (India), the scientifically designed and meticulously groomed infrastructural facility of the Central Laboratory of VIMTA has the most sophisticated instruments backed by an excellent team of professionals.

Over 150,000 sq. ft. of world class research laboratory is also under operation at Biotech Park-Genome Valley, Hyderabad (India). Having all the facilities under one roof is perhaps the only one of its kind in South Asia in the contract testing and research sector.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C11-2 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-11 Disclosure of Consultants

VIMTA Central Laboratory, Cherlapally, Hyderabad VIMTA Life Sciences, Genome Valley, Hyderabad

Vimta offers services under the following specializations:

 Environment;  Analytical;  Clinical Reference Lab;  Clinical Research;  Preclinical;  Molecular Biology; and  Research and Development.

The environment division of VIMTA Labs Limited (VLL) has its presence all over India and other countries including a strong association with international consultants like Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC), Kennametal Inc. - USA, Rudal Blanchard – UK, E&E Solutions – Japan, NAPESCO & Kuwait National Petroleum Corporation – Kuwait, Marafiq and Haif Consultants – Saudi Arabia and others. Vimta Labs Limited has the following credentials:

 Recognition by BIS, India;  Recognition by Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India and various State Pollution Control Boards (wherever applicable);  Recognition by Department of Science & Technology, Govt. of India (NABL);  Recognition by Ministry of Defence, Govt. of India;  Recognition by APEDA, Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of India;  Recognition by Saudi Arabia Standard Organization (SASO), Saudi Arabia;  Recognition from NEMC, Tanzania;  Accreditation by NCTCF;  Certification from Standard Australia;  Recognition from ANVISA Brazil;  Recognition from USFDA;  Quality Assurance Services as per ISO/IEC 17025;  Quality Assurance Services as per ICH Guidelines; and  Recognition by World Health Organization (WHO).

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C11-3 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-11 Disclosure of Consultants

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C11-4 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-11 Disclosure of Consultants

11.2.4 Services of Environment Division

Environment essentially being a multi-disciplinary science, the range of services offered by the division are also comprehensive and caters to the needs of industry, pollution control agencies, regulatory authorities and in a larger pursuit of a green globe. The services under environment include:

 Site selection and liability studies;  Environmental impact assessments;  Environment management plans;  Carrying capacity based regional studies;  Environmental audits;  Solid and hazardous waste management;  Risk assessment (MCA,HAZON,HAZOP) & disaster management plans;  Occupational health and safety, industrial hygiene;  Environmental monitoring for air, meteorology, water, soil, noise, ecology and socio-economics;  Industrial emission source monitoring;  Offshore sampling and analysis of marine water and sediments;  Marine ecological studies;  Marine impact assessment;  Rehabilitation and resettlement studies;  Forestry and ecological studies;  Geological and hydro-geological studies;  Land use /land cover studies based on remote sensing;  Socio-economic studies;  Due diligence studies;  Industrial epidemiological studies;  Wasteland management studies; and  Study on bio-indicators.

The services under Environmental Chemistry include:

 Analysis of water, wastewater, soil, solid waste, hazardous waste as per international codes;  Source emissions and work zone air/noise quality monitoring;  Analysis of SVOCs, VOCs, PAH, BTEX, AOX, PCB’s, TCLP metals, TOC etc.;  Categorization of hazardous waste; and  Pesticide residue analysis.

11.2.5 Facilities of Environment Division

Vimta-Environment Division is located in scientifically designed Central Laboratory with the state-of the-art modern facilities to offer vide range of services in indoor and outdoor monitoring and analytical characterization in the field of Environment. Further, it is ably supported by highly skilled and experienced team of professionals in the fields of science, engineering, ecology, meteorology, social planning, geology & hydro-geology and environmental planning.

Besides the regular monitoring equipment such as PM10 & PM2.5 Samplers, automatic weather monitoring stations, stack monitoring kits, personal samplers, VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C11-5 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-11 Disclosure of Consultants

noise meters, portable water kits etc, the other major specialized equipment include:

 Monostatic Sodar–Designed by National Physical Laboratory, GOI;  Integrated Noise Level Meters–Quest, U.S.A;  Flue Gas Analyzers–Testo, Germany;  113-A Gravimetric Dust Sampler-Casella, London;  ICP AES– Varian, USA;  Gas Liquid Chromatographs with FID, ECD & pFPD–Varian, USA;  Gas Chromatograph with Mass Detector–Varian, USA;  Atomic Absorption Spectrometer [AAS]–Varian, USA;  PAS-AFC-123 instrument;  High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC);  Laser Particle Size Analyzer;  Bomb Calorimeter;  Polarographs;  X-ray Fluorescent Spectrometer;  Flame Photometer;  Carbon Sulphur Analyzer;  Computerized Fatigue Testing Machine;  Electronic Universal Testing Machine;  Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscope; and  Water Flow Current Meter – make Lawrence & Mayo.

HIGH RESOLUTION GAS CHROMATOGRAPHS

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C11-6 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-11 Disclosure of Consultants

11.2.6 Quality Systems

The basic fact that environment division and its supporting site laboratories are accredited by NABL (IS0-17025) and Ministry of Environment and Forests, India and by other international bodies stand testimony to its emphasis on Quality Systems.

The detail of the persons involved in the preparation of present EIA/EMP report is presented below:

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C11-7 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-11 Disclosure of Consultants

DETAILS OF PERSONNEL INVOLVED IN CURRENT EIA/EMP STUDY – VIMTA LABS LTD

Sr. No. Name Qualification Position Contribution Expertise/Functional Experience Area 1 Mr. M. Janardhan M.Tech Vice President Co-ordination EIA Co-ordinator and About 24 years of experience in the field of (Env. Engg) & Head (Env) FAE for AP, AQ, NV & Environmental Management and Environmental SHW Engineering 2 Dr. B. Chandra Sekhar M.Sc., Ph.D Sr. Manager Co-ordination EIA Co-ordinator About 15 years of experience in the field of Environmental Management and Modeling 3 Mr. G. V. Raghava Rao M.Tech (Env) Manager Expert FAE-AP, ISW & MSW About 12 years of experience in the field of Environmental Management and Environmental Engineering 4 Ms. Durga Bhavani M. Sc (Env Group Leader Expert FAE – WP, AQ, Team About 12 years of experience in the field of Science), Member SHW Environmental Management and Environmental M.Tech Chemistry 5 Mr. S. Kishore Kumar M.Tech (Env) Group Leader Expert FAE – AP, NV About 7 years of experience in the field of Environment Management and Engineering 6 Mr. M. Raja Manohar M.Tech (Env ) Env Engineer Expert Team Member About 7 years of experience in the field of Environment Management and Engineering 7 Mr. Rajashekar T M.Sc., Ph.D Sr. Scientist Expert FAE-EB About 10 years of experience in the field of Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology 8 Mr. Ramakrishna M.Tech Env Engineer Expert Team Member About 5 years of experience in the field of Pullipaka Environment Management and Engineering 9 Ms. Olive Eunice M.Tech Trainee Env Expert Team Member About 1 year of experience in the field of Engineer Environment Management and Engineering 10 Mr. Vishnu Teja M.Tech (Env) Engineer Expert Team Member About 1 year of experience in the field of Environment Management and Engineering 11 Ms. Ashwani M.S.C Trainee Expert Team Member About 1 year of experience in the field of Scientist Environmental Management and Environmental Chemistry 12 Ms. D. Svega M.Tech (Env) Env Engineer Expert Team Member About 4 years of experience in the field of Environment Management and Engineering 13 Mr. J. Sunil Kumar M.Tech Env Engineer Expert Team Member About 3 year experience in the field of Environment Management and Engineering 14 Dr. B. Sreekanth Ph.D. Env. Engineer Expert Team Member About 5 years of experience in the field of (Env.Engg) Environment Management and Engineering 15 Mr. Ch. Narendra M.S.W Scientist Expert AFAE-SE About 3 years of experience in the field of Social VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C11-8 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-11 Disclosure of Consultants

Sr. No. Name Qualification Position Contribution Expertise/Functional Experience Area Impact Assessment Studies 16 Mr. Rajeshwar MSc. Geology & Scientist Trainee Team Team Member-HG About 5 years of experience in the field of geology Hydrogeology Member and Hydrogeology 17 Mr. P. Niranjan Babu B.Com Dy. Manager Secretarial -- About 25 years of experience in the field of Support environmental monitoring and secretarial support 18 Mr. P. Krishna I.T.I (Civil) Jr.Engineer Cartography -- About 15 years of experience in the field of environmental management and civil drawings 19 Mr. J. Rama Krishna I.T.I (Civil) Jr.Engineer Cartography -- About 14 years of experience in the field of environmental management and civil drawings 20 Mr. Venkatesham M.S.W Group Leader Expert FAE-SE About 15 years of experience in the field of social Impact Assessment Studies Empanelled Experts 1 Mr. J. Rajendra Prasad M.Sc. Consultant Expert FAE-HG, LU/LC About 15 years of experience in the field of Land use studies, Remote Sensing and Hydrogeology 2 Mr. Rajgopal Krishnan M. Tech Consultant Expert FAE for RH About 40 years of experience in the field of Risk and (Chemical Hazard assessment Engg) 3 Mr. Balakrishna M.Sc. (Ag) Consultant Expert FAE for SE About 38 years of experience in the field of Soil Shankarrao Lole Conservation

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C11-9 Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Product Diversification / Change in Product Mix by Converting 0.3 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal, out of 0.45 MTPA Hot Liquid Metal from Blast Furnace to Ductile Iron Spun Pipe at Navelim Village, Bicholim Taluka, North Goa District, Goa Chapter-11 Disclosure of Consultants

11.3 Remote Sensing and Landuse Experts

 Remote Sensing and Land use / Land cover & GIS Associate

Agency Multi-Tech Services, Hyderabad, India Team Mr. J. Rajendra Prasad Experience  GIS/Remote Sensing Expert with over 22 years of Techno/Functional experience related to GIS, Remote Sensing, Watersheds and Hydro-geology fields

 Has over 10 years of extensive working experience on establishing database systems for various applications, Geographical Information System, thematic mapping and MIS based application development in the IT industry

 Has very good experience with Oracle, VB and VB based COM and DCOM and Web Management

 Good working experience in application/management software's – AutoCad, AutoCad Map, AutoCad Civil 3D, Microstation, ArcInfo/ArcView/ArcGIS, ERDAS Imagine, ILWIS, Primavera

 Specializes in customization of GIS application under Arc Info / Arc View / ArcGIS environment

 Has extensive experience in Natural Resource Mapping and Management, Land Information System, Cadastral Mapping, Environmental Applications

 Has 10 years of functional experience in various fields of hydro-geology, watershed development, application of various scientific, modelling and statistical software in watershed, hydro-geology and geo-physical fields

 Used number of scientific and modelling software for establishing databases, data analysis, numeric/digital modelling and thematic mapping for various field applications

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C11-10