Its all about Hisssssss Kedar Bhide Snake and you § Kill it § Trap it § Push it § Call fire brigade/Police § Call Pest Control § Call snake charmers § Call Snake rescuers/Animal helplines § Live with it Know & I am more understand afraid than about me you I am a wild animal ( Living in state of nature, inhibiting natural haunts, not familiar with ,or not easily approached by Man, not tamed or domesticated),, Web definition of SNAKE 1. Any of numerous scaly, legless, sometimes venomous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes or Ophidia (order Squamata), having a long, tapering, cylindrical body and found in most tropical and temperate regions. 2. A treacherous person. Also called snake in the grass. 3. A long, highly flexible metal wire or coil used for cleaning drains. Also called plumber's snake. 4. Economics A fixing of the value of currencies to each other within defined parameters, which when graphed visually shows these currencies remaining parallel in value to each other as a unit despite fluctuations with other currencies. • Belongs to group of animals called Reptiles ( Class – Reptilia, - Crocodiles, Turtles & Tortoises, Geckos &Lizards) •Limbless reptiles with cylindrical body covered with scales • More than 2900 species in the world, In India represented at the moment by 276 species • Rich diversity in Western Ghats and North East India, many endemic species ( Ecological state of being unique to a particular geographic location) •Ranges from 12 cms to 6 meters, Found in all color forms • Are found in all habitats, terrestrial ( Land) , aquatic (water) , arboreal (Trees) •Cold blooded vertebrates – Have to depend on external factors for controlling body temperature •Well developed olfactory sense, Forked tongue helps in smelling (Chemoreception), no eyelids, good functional vision • Absence of external ears, so can not hear like us ( Hear through vibrations sensed through the body) • Don ’t have hair on their body, Outer layer of skin is made up of Keratin (Nail material) which do not grow •Need to moult ( Ecdysis), as body is growing and due absence of sweat glands •Predators & Carnivores, do not drink MILK, controls RATS by feeding on them In & around our city (33-44) Mumbai includes: Greater Mumbai, Central suburbs till Thane, Western Suburbs till Bhayndar, New Mumbai till Belapur. Scientific and English common names are after Das, I (1997). Hamadryad Vol. 22. pp. 32 – 45.. TYPHLOPIDAE 1 Ramphotyphlops braminus Brahminy Worm Snake 2 Rhinotyphlops acutus Beaked Worm Snake UROPELTIDAE 3 Uropeltis macrolepis Large-Scaled Shieldtail Uropeltis macrolepis macrolepis Bombay Shieldtail BOIDAE 4 Eryx conica Common Sand Boa Eryx conicus - fide Smith, 1943 5 Eryx johnii Red Sand Boa Eryx johni - fide Smith, 1943 Several have been released in Sanjay Gandhi National Park (Borivali) – it is doubtful that they were originally present here. 6 Python molurus Indian Python Python molurus molurus Indian Rock Python ACROCHORDIDAE 7 Acrochordus granulatus Western Wart Snake COLUBRIDAE 8 Ahaetulla nasutus Common Vine Snake 9 Amphiesma stolata Buff-Striped Keelback 10 Argyrogena fasciolatus Banded Racer 11 Boiga beddomei Beddome’s Cat Snake 12 Boiga forsteni Forsten’s Cat Snake 13 Boiga trigonatus Common Indian Cat Snake 14 Cerberus rhynchops Dog-Faced Water Snake 15 Dendrelaphis tristis Common Bronzeback Tree Snake 16 Elaphe helena Indian Trinket Snake Elaphe helena helena Common Indian Trinket Snake Elaphe helena monticollaris Montane Trinket Snake 17 Gerarda prevostianus Glossy Marsh Snake 18 Lycodon aulicus Common Wolf Snake 19 Macropisthodon plumbicolor Green Keelback 20 Oligodon arnensis Banded Kukri Snake 21 Oligodon taeniolatus Streaked Kukri Snake 22 Ptyas mucosus Indian Rat Snake 23 Xenochrophis piscator Checkered Keelback Water Snake ELAPIDAE 24 Bungarus caeruleus Common Indian Krait 25 Calliophis melanurus Slender Coral Snake 26 Naja naja Spectacled Cobra Several black pattern less cobras have been released in Sanjay Gandhi National Park (Borivali) – it is doubtful that they were originally present here. VIPERIDAE 27 Daboia russelii Russell’s Viper 28 Echis carinatus Indian Saw-Scaled Viper 29 Trimeresurus gramineus Bamboo Pit Viper HYDROPHIIDAE 30 Enhydrina schistosus Hook-Nosed Sea Snake 31 Hydrophis mamillaris Bombay Gulf Sea Snake 32 Lapemis curtus Short Sea Snake 33 Pelamis platurus Pelagic Sea Snake Species that may exist in Mumbai, but require confirmation/ have not yet been seen by us. 34 Typhlops porrectus Slender Worm Snake 35 Uropeltis phipsonii Phipson’s Shieldtail Uropeltis phipsoni - fide Smith, 1943 36 Boiga ceylonensis Sri Lankan Cat Snake Needs confirmation. 37 Boiga dightoni Travancore Cat Snake Recorded from the Sanjay Gandhi National Park (Borivali) doubtful: needs confirmation. 38 Eryx whitakeri Whitaker’s Sand Boa 39 Lycodon flavomaculatus Yellow-Spotted Wolf Snake 40 Psammophis longifrons Stout Sand Snake 41 Sibynophis sagittaria Cantor’s Black-Headed Snake I. Das’ list does not have Sibynophis subpunctatus. He say it was synonymized under this species. 42 Spalerosophis diadema variety atriceps Royal Snake Some were released in Sanjay Gandhi National Park (Borivali), that they were originally found here is doubtful. 43 Lycodon travancoricus Travancore Wolf Snake 44 Lycodon striatus Barred Wolf Snake Beaked Worm Snake Mahableshwar shield tail Common Sand Boa Red Sand Boa Indian Rock Python Striped Keelback Checkered Keelback Beddome’s Keelback Indian Rat Snake Banded Racer Common Wolf Snake Banded Kukri Green Keelback Sindh Awl Headed Snake Red spotted Royal Snake Black headed RoyalSnake Sand Snake Common CatSnake Forstern’s Cat Snake Vine Snake Golden Flying Snake Glossy Marsh Snake Dog Faced water Snake Wart Snake Venomous snakes You have to be careful Give them respect Not all snakes are venomous, majority are non-venomous ( In India out of 276 types of snakes, only 61 are venomous, and again out of those, 20 are sea snakes) Snake bite is always defensive in nature, they will avoid human beings if given adequate warning Nearly 60% of the time snake do not inject venom when they bite (It’s called as dry bite) There are no confirmed cases of human predation by snakes The venom apparatus consist of– Venom glands , Jaw musculature & Fangs Biological toxins produced in specialized glands and injected into other organisms by spurs, stingers, spines or teeth are called “venom” Venom aids in catching and digestion of its prey As, We don’t have hands and legs to defend ourselves When we can not escape or hide from threats As a last defensive resort for our survival Many of the times we don’t inject venom also while defending ourselves Spectacled Cobra Common Krait Russell’s Viper Saw Scaled Viper Bamboo Pit Viper Malabar Pit Viper Hook Nosed Sea Snake Snakes with neurotoxic venom Krait Symptoms Cobra Same as in Cobra bite, only instead of Symptoms burning there is pain Severe burning at the site of in the abdomen and bite, drooping of eyelids, over joints salivation and giddiness, over sweating and vomiting Snakes with Hemotoxic venom Russell’s Saw Scaled Viper Viper Symptoms Severe pain and swelling at the site of bite, oozing of hemolysed blood from the bite, dilation of pupil, bleeding from nose, gums and through urine, discoloration or local nacrosis at the site of bite Bamboo Pit Viper First aid Do IT R.I.G.H.T R Reassure the patient, 70% of snake bites are from non- venomous species & 50% of bites by venomous species actually inject venom. I Immobilized as in case of fracture without compression GH Get to hospital fast T Tell the doctor of any symptoms such as drooping eyelids that manifests on the way to hospital & time of bite . Anti snake venom serum The only treatment available for venomous snake bites is ASVS, anti snake venom serum, it is a polyvalent, useful against Cobra, Krait, Russell’s viper and Saw scaled viper, which are the common venomous snakes in India This has to be administered I.V. and there are chances of anaphylactic shock, therefore it can be administered only under medical supervision How can we help? – Avoid worshipping live snakes. – Destruction of their habitats should be stopped. Snakes are threatened by continuous destruction of their habitats – Skin Trade threatens their survival so avoid purchasing products made from animal skin, bones etc. • Show them respect and make them integral part of Conservation efforts More than 20000 deaths due to rabies in India DO YOU KILL Each & Every DOG Then WHY ME § Thank you for your patience .