University of Dundee DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 'Fall in the Children' a regional study of the mobilisation of the children of the 42nd Regimental Area during the Great War Brown, Norman Fraser Award date: 2015 Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 30. Sep. 2021 ‘Fall In the Children’: a regional study of the mobilisation of the children of the 42nd Regimental Area during the Great War. Norman Fraser Brown. Department of History University of Dundee A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. August, 2015. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS. List of Tables.....................................................................................................................4 List of Graphs. ..................................................................................................................6 List of Maps.......................................................................................................................7 List of Diagrams................................................................................................................8 List of Abbreviations........................................................................................................9 Illustrations......................................................................................................................10 Acknowledgements. ......................................................................................................11 Declaration. ...................................................................................................................12 Abstract. ........................................................................................................................13 Chapter 1 Introduction. ...............................................................................................14 Children and Mobilization . ............................................................................................18 A Local Study as a Way Forward....................................................................................23 Definitions.......................................................................................................................25 Sources.............................................................................................................................35 Research Methodology....................................................................................................43 Thesis Structure...............................................................................................................48 Chapter 2 Form and Evolution. .................................................................................58 Note on Methodology and Intention...............................................................................61 Form and Evolution. .......................................................................................................65 Chapter 3 Avenues of Engagement. ............................................................................99 Note on Methodology, Sources and Intention. .............................................................104 Junior Writers and Daddy’s Circle. ..............................................................................105 School Magazines and Debating Societies....................................................................118 Symbolic Actions and Behaviours as Indicators of Mental Participation.....................136 Chapter 4 Constraints and Limitations. ...................................................................142 Note on Method, Definitions and Sources.....................................................................145 Challenging Fisher: Stage 1...........................................................................................149 Challenging Fisher: Stage 2 ..........................................................................................151 Challenging Fisher: Stage 3 (Background.) .................................................................164 3 Challenging Fisher: Stage 3 (Tables.) ..........................................................................178 Chapter 5 Gaining and Sustaining Momentum. ......................................................183 Sources of Motivation ..................................................................................................188 Chapter 6 Assessing the Financial Contribution. ....................................................219 Towards and Analytical Procedure...............................................................................222 Developing an Analytical Procedure.............................................................................228 The Crieff Experience ..................................................................................................230 Crieff Children’s Contribution: Establishing Credibility.............................................236 Sampling the Range of Child Wartime Experience by Event.......................................244 Sampling the Range of Child Wartime Experience by Strata.......................................251 Testing the Validity of the Crieff Abstract....................................................................260 Estimating the Children’s Contribution from the Data Presented.................................264 Conclusion....................................................................................................................266 Bibliography.................................................................................................................271 Appendix 1. Local Newspaper: Reference List and Location Map.............................284 Appendix 2. Full List of School Logs and School Board Minutes by county, sector and archive ................................................................................................................... 287 4 List of Tables. Table 1: List of Fund Raising Events in Kirriemuir in the First Year of War................74 Table 2: Waid Academy Girls Flag Day Involvement...................................................80 Table 3: Perth School Bank Branches: Growth of City and County Branches .............88 and Accounts. Table 4: Perth City and County Children’s Perth Savings Bank Accounts.....................89 Table 5: Total Pupil Exemptions Granted and Attendance Achieved in Scotland .......149 between Session 1912-13 & 1918-1919. Table 6: Attendances % at Dundee School Board Administered Schools ...................154 1910–1918 Table 7: Attendances % at Perth School Board Administered Schools .......................156 1910–1918. Table 8: Attendance Percentages at Kirkcaldy and Dysart School Board Schools ......161 1910 -1918. Table 9: Average Attendance Percentages at Schools in the Wymess School..............162 Board Area 1912 – 1918. Table 10: Large Area School Board Comparison Table...............................................163 Table 11: Exemptions Granted by Kirriemuir School Board 1912 – 1918..................168 Table 12: Attendance Percentages at Beath School Board Administered ....................172 Schools. 1912 -1918 Table 13A: School Board Exemption Sample Comparison Table................................178 Generally High Grade Arable. Table 13B: School Board Exemption Sample Comparison Table................................179 Highland and Less Favoured Area Boards. Table 13C: School Board Exemption Sample Comparison Table................................179 Large Rural Villages and Small Country Towns. 5 Table 13D: School Board Exemption Sample Comparison Table................................180 Small Towns with some manufacturing and strong rural connections. Table 13E: School Board Exemption Sample Comparison Table................................180 Coastal Towns with or without Manufacturing Capacity. Table 14: Children’s Contributions as extracted from .................................................231 Abstract of War Funds Raised in Crieff 1914 – 1918 & Children’s Contributions as a Percentage of Monies Raised. Table 15: Per Capita Sums Raised in Support of the War Effort ................................233 in Seven British Towns and Cities. Table 16: Comforts Produced in Stobswell School between ......................................240 The Outbreak of War and Christmas 1914. Table 17: Sample of Child Fund Raising in Red Cross Week, 1917............................245 Table 18: Pupil per Capita Raised in Red Cross Week 1917........................................246 Table 19: Sample of Child Fund Raising in Red Cross Week, 1918............................248 Table 20: Amount Raised per Pupil in Five Dundee Elementary Schools