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Flower and Fruit Micro-Macro Morphological Characters of the Genus Sanguisorba L

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Iranian Journal of Plant Biology, Vol. 10, No. 4, 2019 Flower and fruit micro-macro morphological characters of the genus Sanguisorba L. (Rosaceae) from Iran Adeleh Deylami Moezi, Marzieh Beygom Faghir*, Robabeh Shavun Shahi Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Abstract In this survey, flower and fruit micro-macro morphological characters of the genus Sanguisorba (Rosaceae) including two species (Sanguisorba officinalis and S. minor) and three subspecies (Sanguisorba. minor subsp. muricata, S. minor. subsp. lasiocarpa and S. minor subsp. minor) from Iran were studied. At First, plant materials were collected and identified. Then, the detailed flower and achene morphological characters examined using digital and scanning electron microscopies. To determine inter and intra specifics relationships, the examined data (44 quantitative and qualitative characters) inserted in the principal component analysis (PCA). Based on our findings, inflorescence shape and dimensions shape of external bracts and calyx, number of carpels, stigma, style ,and number of stamen, filament length, folding patterns, number of wings, hair density and length, distance between hairs, length, width and depth of lumen, wax-sculpturing types are the most important micro-macro morphological evidences in this genus. The PCA analysis resulted in formation of two groups, complete separation of species and subspecies. Based on the current result, flower and fruit micro-macro morphological data of the genus Sanguisorba are taxonomically informative and can be used for infrageneric and species classification. An identification key based on the important diagnostic characters is presented. Keywords: Iran, micro and macro-morphology, Rosaceae, Sanguisorba * Corresponding Author: [email protected] Copyright©2019, University of Isfahan. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY‐NC‐ND/4.0), which permits others to download this work and share it with others as long as they credit it, but they cannot change it in any way or use it commercially. زﻳﺴﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ اﻳﺮان، ﺳﺎل دﻫﻢ، ﺷﻤﺎرة ﺳﻲ و ﻫﺸﺘﻢ، زﻣﺴﺘﺎن 1397، ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 53-68 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ: 1396/10/28 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي: 04/05/1397 و 1397/07/10 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ: 1397/09/19 ﺻﻔﺎت رﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ و رﻳﺰرﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﮔﻞ و ﻣﻴﻮه در ﺟﻨﺲ .Sanguisorba L از ﺧﺎﻧﻮادة Rosaceae در اﻳﺮان ﻋﺎدﻟﻪ دﻳﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻌﺰي، ﻣﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﮕﻢ ﻓﻘﻴﺮ *، رﺑﺎﺑﻪ ﺷﺎوون ﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﺮوه زﻳﺴﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، داﻧﺸﻜﺪة ﻋﻠﻮم، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﻴﻼن، رﺷﺖ، اﻳﺮان ﭼﻜﻴﺪه در ﭘـــﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿـــﺮ، ﺻﻔﺎت رﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲﮔـــﻞ، رﻳﺨﺖﺷـــﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ و رﻳـــﺰ رﻳﺨﺖﺷـــﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﻣﻴـــﻮة ﺟـــﻨﺲ (Sanguisorba (Rosaceae، ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دو ﮔﻮﻧﺔ S. minor و S. officinalis و ﺳﻪ زﻳـﺮ ﮔﻮﻧـﺔ .S. minor subsp S. minor subsp. minor ،muricata و S. minor subsp. lasiocarpa از اﻳــﺮان ﺑﺮرﺳــﻲ ﺷــﺪﻧﺪ. اﺑﺘــﺪا ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﻴــﺎﻫﻲ ﺟﻤــﻊآوري و ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﻳﻲ ﺷــﺪﻧﺪ؛ ﺳــﭙﺲ ﺟﺰﺋﻴــﺎت ﺻــﻔﺎت ﮔــﻞ و ﻣﻴــﻮة ﺗﺎﻛﺴــﻮنﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊآوريﺷﺪه ﺑﻪدﻗﺖ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ و ﺑـﺎ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮپﻫـﺎي دﻳﺠﻴﺘـﺎﻟﻲ و اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧـﻲ ﻧﮕﺎره ﻋﻜﺲﺑـﺮداري ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ رواﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ و زﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﺷﺪه (44 ﺻﻔﺖ ﻛﻤﻲ و ﻛﻴﻔﻲ) در آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺔ اﺻﻠﻲ (PCA) ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ؛ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻞآذﻳﻦ، اﺑﻌﺎد و ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺮﮔﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﺮوﻧﻲ، ﺷﻜﻞ ﻛﺎﺳﺒﺮگﻫﺎ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮﭼﻪ، ﻛﻼﻟﻪ و ﺧﺎﻣﻪ، ﺗﻌـﺪاد ﭘـﺮﭼﻢ و ﻃـﻮل ﻣﻴﻠـﻪ، اﻟﮕـﻮي ﭼﻴﻦﺧـﻮردﮔﻲ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺎﻟﻪ، ﻣﻴﺰان اﻧﺒﻮﻫﻲ ﻛﺮك و ﻃـﻮل، ﻧـﻮع و ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﺔ ﻛﺮكﻫـﺎ، ﻃـﻮل، ﻋـﺮض و ﻋﻤـﻖ ﺣﻔﺮهﻫـﺎ و اﻟﮕـﻮي ﺗﺰﺋﻴﻨﺎت ﻣﻮم ﻛﻮﺗﻴﻜﻮﻟﻲ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت رﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ و رﻳﺰرﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ در اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ PCA ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ دو ﮔﺮوه و ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ و زﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﺷـﺪه ﻣﻨﺠـﺮ ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳـﺎس ﻧﺘــﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻــﻞ از ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿــﺮ، اﻃﻼﻋــﺎت رﻳﺨﺖﺷــﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ و رﻳﺰرﻳﺨﺖﺷــﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﮔــﻞ و ﻣﻴــﻮه در ﺟــﻨﺲ Sanguisorba اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻴﻚ دارﻧﺪ و ﺑﺮاي ردهﺑﻨﺪي در ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺟـﻨﺲ، ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ و ﻓﺮوﮔﻮﻧـﻪاي اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ، ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. واژهﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي: رﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، رﻳﺰرﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، ﮔﻞ، ﻣﻴﻮه، Rosaceae ،Sanguisorba * ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪة ﻣﺴﺌﻮل: ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ: [email protected]، ﺷﻤﺎرة ﺗﻤﺎس: 0133333647 Copyright©2019, University of Isfahan. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY‐NC‐ND/4.0), which permits others to download this work and share it with others as long as they credit it, but they cannot change it in any way or use it commercially. 54 زﻳﺴﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ اﻳﺮان، ﺳﺎل دﻫﻢ، ﺷﻤﺎرة ﺳﻲ و ﻫﺸﺘﻢ، زﻣﺴﺘﺎن 1397 .ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺟﻨﺲ Sanguisorba در زﻳﺮﻃﺎﻳﻔﺔ اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (S. minor) و ﺳﻪ زﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ Sanguisorbinae و ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﻋﻀﺎي ﺑﺪون ﮔﻠﺒﺮگ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ (S. minor subsp. muricata (Spach ﻃﺎﻳﻔﺔ S. minor subsp. lasiocarpa (Boss and ،Briq. (Zhang et al., 2017) Agrimonineae (.S. minor subsp. minor Scop. ،Hausskn) (Eriksson et al., (Syn: Sanguisorbeae DC در (Kerr, 2004; Potter et al., 2007 ;2003 از ﻓﻠﻮر اﻳﺮان (Khatamsaz, 1993) ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺧﺎﻧﻮادة Rosaceae اﺳﺖ. در اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ، ﮔﻞﻫﺎ Sanguisorba از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻳﻜﻲ از زﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﻧﻬﻨﺞ ﻛﻮزهﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺨﻤﺪان ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪهﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻧﻮادة Rosaceae اﺳﺖ. (ﻳﺎ ﺗﺨﻤﺪانﻫﺎ) را ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﻣﺤﺼﻮر ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع، اﺑﻬﺎﻣﺎت ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻴﻚ و ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮيﻫﺎي (Linnaeus .(Kalkman, 2004 (1753) ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﻜﺮر را در ردهﺑﻨﺪي آن ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ Sanguisorba ﺑﺎر ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي را ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﮔﻞﻫﺎي ,Linnaeus, 1753; Scopoli, 1772; Nordborg) دوﺟﻨﺴﻲ داراي ﺧﺎﻣﺔ دوﺗﺎﻳﻲ ازﺟﻨﺲ Muñoz Garmendia and Navarro, Potrdium ;1966 (1966 ﺑﻪﻃﻮرﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﻫﺎي اﻧﺠﺎمﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن داراي ﮔﻞﻫﺎي ﺗﻚﺟﻨﺲ و ﺧﺎﻣﺔ واﺣﺪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ اﻧﺪك ;Mishima et al., 2002) ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ. Sanguisorba ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻋﻠﻔﻲ ﭼﻨﺪﺳﺎﻟﻪ (Chung et al., 2010 و ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﻣﺤﺪودة ﺗﻴﺮه و اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﻧﻴﻢﻛﺮة ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر دارﻧﺪ زﻳﺮﺗﻴﺮه Hebda et al., 1988; Tantawy and) (Andrabi, et al., 2012; Kerr, 2004). ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي (Naseri, 2003 و ﻃﺎﻳﻔﻪ ;Ginefra Toni, 2017) اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻤﺎل، ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮب و ﺷﻤﺎل Faghir et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2017) ﺷﺮق، ﻏﺮب، ﺷﺮق، ﻣﺮﻛﺰ و ﺟﻨﻮب اﻳﺮان ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪهاﻧﺪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻫﺪف از اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺮح (Nordborg, 1966; Khatamsaz, 1993). ﺟﻨﺲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺻﻔﺎت رﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ (ﮔﻞ و ﻣﻴﻮه) و Sanguisorba در ﻓﻠﻮر ﺷﻮروي ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ,Juzepczuk) رﻳﺰرﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ (ﻣﻴﻮه) ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ و زﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي (1941 ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ از 9 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎي Sanguisorbaدر اﻳﺮان، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻛﻠﻴﺪي .Agrimonia L. ،Aphanes L. ،Alchemilla L و وﻛﺎرﺑﺮد آن در رده ﺑﻨﺪي اﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﻋﻼوه .Poterium L در ﻃﺎﻳﻔﺔ Sanguisorbaea ﻗﺮار داده ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ، ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ رواﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺔ اﺻﻠﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﻓﻠﻮر اﻳﺒﺮﻳﻜﺎ 6 ﮔﻮﻧﺔ اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ، ﺗﺤﺖ از اﻫﺪاف دﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﺔ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﺳﺖ. دو زﻳﺮﺟﻨﺲ Subgen. Poterium و .Subgen Sanguisorba و دو زﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﺔ .S. minor subsp ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ minor و S. minor subsp. balearica رده ﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ,Muñoz Garmendia, and Navarro) ﺗﺎزه (در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1392 ﺗﺎ 1394) و ﺧﺸﻚ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده (Nordborg .1998 (1966) وﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي S. minor و ﺷﺪ (ﺟﺪول 1). ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺎزه از ﮔﻮﻧﺔ .S S. officinalis و ﭼﻬﺎر زﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﺔ S. minor را در officinalis از اﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﻼن و ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻓﻠﻮرا اﻳﺮاﻧﻴﻜﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺮد؛ درﺣﺎﻟﻲﻛﻪ از ﺟﻤﻊآوري و ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ در ﺻﻔﺎت رﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ و رﻳﺰرﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﮔﻞ و ﻣﻴﻮه در ﺟﻨﺲ .Sanguisorba L از ﺧﺎﻧﻮادة Rosaceae در اﻳﺮان 55 ﺟﺪول 1- اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻔﺎدهﺷﺪه در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺷﻤﺎرة ﻫﺮﺑﺎرﻳﻮﻣﻲ ﺟﻤﻊآوريﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﻤﻊآوري و ارﺗﻔﺎع ﮔﻮﻧﻪ/زﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ GUH)5302) ﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن، ﻛﻼت، 1505 ﻣﺘﺮ GUH)5303) ﻓﻘﻴﺮ ﮔﻴﻼن، اﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻠﺨﺎل، 2300 ﻣﺘﺮ S. officinalis ﮔﻴﻼن، 5 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮي ﺟﻴﺮﻧﺪه - ﻛﻠﻴﺸﻢ، GUH)5754) ﺷﺎﻫﻲ 1650 ﻣﺘﺮ TEH)24177) وﻳﺴﻴﺎن ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎن، ﺧﺮم آﺑﺎد، 1000 ﻣﺘﺮ TEH)19254) واﻋﻈﻲ ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران، ﭘﻠﻮر، درﻳﺎﭼﺔ ﻻر، 1860 ﻣﺘﺮ GUH)5300) ﻓﻘﻴﺮ، دﻳﻠﻤﻲ ﮔﻴﻼن، اﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻠﺨﺎل، 2300 ﻣﺘﺮ S. minor subsp. minor GUH)5751) ﻓﻘﻴﺮ، دﻳﻠﻤﻲ ﻗﺰوﻳﻦ، اﻟﻤﻮت، 1850 ﻣﺘﺮ TUH)18848) ﺳﻌﻴﺪي ﮔﻴﻼن، اﺳﭙﻴﻠﻲ، 1600 ﻣﺘﺮ TUH)9295) ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺪان، ﮔﻨﺞ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ، 1750 ﻣﺘﺮ TEH)9297) ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎن آذرﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎن، ﮔﺮدﻧﺔ ﻳﺎم ﻣﻴﺸﻮداغ،1840 ﻣﺘﺮ GUH)5301) ﺷﻤﺸﻴﺮي ﻛﺮدﺳﺘﺎن، ﺳﻨﻨﺪج، ﻛﺮدﻧﻪ S. minor subsp. lasiocarpa GUH)5753) ﻓﻘﻴﺮ، دﻳﻠﻤﻲ ﮔﻴﻼن، اﻟﻤﻮت، ﻗﺰوﻳﻦ ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران، ﺟﺎدة ﻛﺮج ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎﻟﻮس، ﭘﻞ TEH)33151) ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎن زﻧﮕﻮﻟﻪ، 3000 ﻣﺘﺮ S. minor subsp. muricata TEH)29493) ﻣﻴﺮﺗﺎجاﻟﺪﻳﻨﻲ ﻛﺮﻣﺎن، ﮔﻮﻏﺮ GUH)5752) ﻣﻴﺮﺗﺎجاﻟﺪﻳﻨﻲ ﻗﺰوﻳﻦ، اﻟﻤﻮت، 2300 ﻣﺘﺮ TUH)18848) ﺳﻌﻴﺪي ﮔﻴﻼن، اﺳﭙﻴﻠﻲ، 1600ﻣﺘﺮ S. minor TUH)9295) ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺪان، ﮔﻨﺞﻧﺎﻣﻪ، 1750ﻣﺘﺮ ﻫﺮﺑﺎرﻳﻮم داﻧﺸﻜﺪة ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺎﻳﺔ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﻴﻼن Dinolit، ژاﭘﻦ) از آﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﻜﺲﺑﺮداري ﺷﺪ. ﻣﻴﻮهﻫﺎ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﺸﻚﺷﺪه از ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺻﻔﺎت رﻳﺰرﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﺷﺴﺘﻪ و در ﻫﺮﺑﺎرﻳﻮمﻫﺎي ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎ و ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ ﻣﻌﺮض ﻫﻮا ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ؛ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ روي ﭘﺎﻳﺔ ﻛﺸﻮر (TARI)، داﻧﺸﻜﺪهﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺎﻳﺔ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮپ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ روﺑﺸﻲ (SEM) ﺗﻬﺮان (TUH)، داروﺳﺎزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ (ﻣﺪل Vega، ﺷﺮﻛﺖ Tescan، آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ) ﻗﺮار داده ﺗﻬﺮان (TEH) و ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺎﻳﺔ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﻴﻼن ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﭘﺲ از ﻃﻼﭘﻮشﻛﺮدن، ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻜﺲﺑﺮداري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮنﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊآوريﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻣﺘﺎﻟﻮژي رازي ارﺳﺎل ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي از ﻓﻠﻮرا اﻳﺮاﻧﻴﻜﺎ (Nordborg, 1966) و ﻓﻠﻮر اﻳﺮان ﺻﻔﺎت رﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻂﻛﺶ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮپ (Khatamsaz, 1993) اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل (ﻣﺪل 435، ﺷﺮﻛﺖ Dinolit، ژاﭘﻦ) رﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﮔﻞ و ﻣﻴﻮه از ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﻞ، اﺳﻼﻳﺪ (ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﻣﻨﺪرج در ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺼﺎوﻳﺮ) و اﻧﻄﺒﺎق آن ﺑﺎ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪ و ﻣﻴﻮهﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻣﻼً رﺳﻴﺪه و ﺳﺎﻟﻢ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺧﻂﻛﺶ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار ﻓﺘﻮﺷﺎپ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ؛ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ دورﺑﻴﻦ (ﻣﺪل 435، ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺮ ﺻﻔﺖ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ 20 ﺑﺬر از ﻫﺮ ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮن 56 زﻳﺴﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ اﻳﺮان، ﺳﺎل دﻫﻢ، ﺷﻤﺎرة ﺳﻲ و ﻫﺸﺘﻢ، زﻣﺴﺘﺎن 1397 اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﺪ. اﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎت رﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ از ﺑﻴﻀﻲ - ﻗﺎﺷﻘﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ و ﻗﺴﻤﺖ دروﻧﻲ ﮔﻮد و ﺑﺎ ﻓﻠﻮرا اﻳﺮاﻧﻴﻜﺎ (Nordborg, 1966) و ﻓﻠﻮر اﻳﺮان ﻓﺮورﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺨﻢﻣﺮﻏﻲ - ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺴﻄﺢ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﺳﺖ. (Khatamsaz, 1993) و اﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎت ﮔﻞﻫﺎ دوﺟﻨﺴﻲ (ﺷﻜﻞ C - 1) ﺗﺎ ﺗﻚﺟﻨﺴﻲ رﻳﺰرﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﻘﺎﻻت Barthlott (ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎي L ،H ،G -1 و M) ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﮔﻞﻫﺎ در .S (1981) و Barthlott و Engel (1988) اﺳﺘﻔﺎده officinalis دوﺟﻨﺴﻲاﻧﺪ؛ درﺣﺎﻟﻲﻛﻪ در S. minor ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﮔﻞﻫﺎي ﻧﺮ در ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ، ﮔﻞﻫﺎي دوﺟﻨﺴﻲ در وﺳﻂ و آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ: ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ رواﺑﻂ ﮔﻞﻫﺎي ﻣﺎده در ﺑﺎﻻي ﺳﺎﻗﺔ ﮔﻞدﻫﻨﺪه ﻇﺎﻫﺮ آراﻳﻪﻫﺎ و ﮔﺮوهﺑﻨﺪي آﻧﻬﺎ آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ (ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎي G -1 و H). ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ (PCA) ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار Mintab ﻧﺴﺨﺔ 16 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ دو ﻧﻮع ﺑﺮﮔﺔ دروﻧﻲ و ﺑﻴﺮوﻧﻲ دارﻧﺪ. ﺑﻴﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ (Ryan and Joiner, 2001). ﺻﻔﺎت ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﺑﻪ دو زﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي S. officinalis ﻳﻚ (ﺷﻜﻞ D -1) و ﺣﺎﻟﺖ (ﺻﻔﺮ و ﻳﻚ)، ﻛﺪﮔﺬاري و ﺻﻔﺎت ﻛﻤﻲ ﻫﻢ S.
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  • Advancing the Species Conservation Agenda

    Advancing the Species Conservation Agenda

    Advancing the Species Conservation Agenda An overview of the IUCN SSC Network 2009 – 2012 Cover: Great Hammerhead ( Sphyrna mokarran ) photo © Karl Dietz Specialist Groups Stand-alone Red List Authorities Sub-Committees Task Forces This publication was produced with the kind support of the Environment Agency – Abu Dhai (EAD) and the Mohamaed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund (MBZ) Species Survival Commission (SSC) Global Species Programme (GSP) Report 2009–2012 Simon N. Stuart, Jane Smart Introduction • to monitor, evaluate and report on the effectiveness of the combined global conservation actions to mitigate We must start with a very large thank you to current and emerging threats to biodiversity. Conservation International (CI), the Environment Agency Abu Dhabi (EAD), the MAVA Foundation, the Al Ain 2. SSC Vision Zoo, the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre A world that values and conserves present levels (UNEP-WCMC), the World Association of Zoos and of biodiversity. Aquariums, Chester Zoo, Bristol Zoo, and the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) for providing such generous 3. SSC Goal financial assistance for the SSC Chair’s Office during The extinction crisis and massive loss of the 2009–2012 quadrennium. This has enabled Simon to biodiversity are universally adopted as a shared serve as a full-time SSC Chair, and to have a small, highly responsibility and addressed by concerted actions effective staff team in his office. We should also say at throughout the world. the outset that the SSC works to the same strategic plan and programme as the GSP in the IUCN Secretariat; 4. SSC Objectives the activities of the SSC and GSP are intentionally For the intersessional period 2009–2012 SSC, working in intertwined and mutually supportive, and so no effort is collaboration with members, other IUCN Commissions made to separate them in this report.
  • Phylogenetic Analysis of the Ecological Correlates of Dioecy in Angiosperms

    Phylogenetic Analysis of the Ecological Correlates of Dioecy in Angiosperms

    Phylogenetic analysis of the ecological correlates of dioecy in angiosperms J. C. VAMOSI,* S. P. OTTO, &S.C.H.BARRETT* *Department of Botany, University of Toronto, Toronto ON Canada, Canada Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada, Canada Keywords: Abstract correction for phylogeny; We report on a phylogenetic analysis of correlations between the occurrence dioecy; of dioecy and several ecological and life-history attributes: tropical distribu- Discrete; tion, woody growth form, abiotic pollination, small inconspicuous flowers and ecological correlates; inflorescences, many-flowered inflorescences and fleshy fruits. Various hypo- life-history correlates; theses have been proposed to explain why associations occur between dioecy maximum-likelihood; and several of these attributes, yet most assume that dioecy originates more plant sexual systems. often in clades with these traits than in clades with alternative character states. To investigate correlations between dioecy and these attributes, and to provide insights into the potential evolutionary pathways that have led to these associations, we assigned states of these traits to genera on a large-scale molecular phylogeny of the angiosperms; we then used maximum-likelihood analysis to analyse the presence of correlations and the sequence of acquisition of traits. Phylogenetic analysis revealed correlations between dioecy and six of the seven attributes; only many-flowered inflorescences exhibiting no associ- ation with the dioecious condition. The particular correlations that were revealed and the strength of the association differed among the three main monophyletic groups of angiosperms (Rosids, Asterids, and Eumagnoliids). Our analysis provided no general support for the hypothesis that dioecy is more likely to evolve in lineages already possessing the seven attributes we considered.
  • Generating and Filtering Major Phenotypic Novelties: Neogoldschmidtian Saltation Revisited

    Generating and Filtering Major Phenotypic Novelties: Neogoldschmidtian Saltation Revisited

    Chapter 7 Generating and filtering major phenotypic novelties: neoGoldschmidtian saltation revisited Richard N\. Bateman and William A. D/M/che/e ABSTRACT Further developing a controversial neoGoldschmidtian paradigm that we first pub- lished in 1994, we here narrowly define saltational evolution as a genetic modifica- tion that is expressed as a profound phenotypic change across a single generation and results in a potentially independent evolutionary lineage termed a prospecies (the 'hopeful monster' of Richard Goldschmidt). Of several saltational and parasaltational mechanisms previously discussed by us, the most directly relevant to evolutionary-developmental genetics is dichotomous saltation, which is driven by mutation within a single ancestral Uneage. It can result not only in instantaneous speciation but also in the simultaneous origin of a profound phenotypic novelty more likely to be treated as a new supraspecific taxon. Saltational events form unusually long branches on morphological phylogenies, which follow a punctuated equilibrium pattern, but at the time of origin they typically form zero length branches on the contrastingly gradualistic molecular phylogenies. Our chosen case- studies of heterotopy (including homeosis) and heterochrony in fossil seed-ferns and extant orchids indicate that vast numbers of prospecies are continuously generated by mutation of key developmental genes that control morphogenesis. First principles suggest that, although higher plant mutants are more likely to become established than higher animals, the fitness of even plant prospecies is in at least most cases too low to survive competition-mediated selection. The establishment of prospecies is most Hkely under temporary release from selection in environments of low biotic competition for resources, followed by honing to competitive fitness by gradual rein- troduction to neoDarwinian selection.
  • Rosaceae-Sanguisorbeae De Macaronesia : Géneros Marcetella

    Rosaceae-Sanguisorbeae De Macaronesia : Géneros Marcetella

    Bot. Macaronesica 25: 95-126 (2004) 95 ROSACEAE-SANGUISORBEAE DE MACARONESIA: GÉNEROS MARCETELLA, BENCOMIA Y DENDRIOPOTERIUM. PALINOLOGÍA, BIOGEOGRAFÍA, SISTEMAS SEXUALES Y FILOGENIA JULIA PÉREZ DE PAZ. Jardín Botánico Canario “Viera y Clavijo” Apdo 14 de Tafira Alta.35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. ([email protected]) Recibido: Marzo 2004 Palabras claves: Rosaceae-Sanguisorbeae, Dendriopoterium, Bencomia, Marcetella, Macaronesia, Sarcopoterium, Sanguisorba, Cliffortia, Hagenia, Leucosidea, Polylepis, Acaena, palinología, diversidad, filogenenia, sistemas sexuales, tipos polínicos, biogeografía. Key words: Rosaceae-Sanguisorbeae, Dendriopoterium, Bencomia, Marcetella, Macaronesia, Sarcopoterium, Sanguisorba, Cliffortia, Hagenia, Leucosidea, Polylepis, Acaena, palynology, diversity, phylogeny, sexual systems, pollen types, biogeography RESUMEN El conocimiento generalizado de los tipos polínicos de los miembros continentales de la tribu Sanguisorbeae, con los modelos de ornamentación exínica, pontopérculo y otras características palinológicas, es el principal objetivo de este estudio, dadas las asociaciones e implicaciones palinológicas de este grupo con la biogeografía, formas de crecimiento de los taxones y sistemas sexuales. Se considera que estas nuevas aportaciones palinológicas ayudarían a conocer y entender el origen y relaciones del grupo de géneros macaronésicos, que además se constituye como uno de los ejemplos clave para el seguimiento y evolución de los sistemas sexuales, representando la vía de acceso a la dioecia
  • Thèse Comlpète Pour 14 Décembre

    Thèse Comlpète Pour 14 Décembre

    MINISTÈRE DE L’ALIMENTATION DE L’AGRICULTURE ET DE LA PÊCHE MONTPELLIER SUPAGRO THÈSE présentée à Montpellier SupAgro pour obtenir le diplôme de Doctorat Formation doctorale : Évolution, Écologie, Ressources génétiques, Paléontologie École doctorale : Systèmes Intégrés en Biologie, Agronomie, Géosciences, Hydrosciences, Environnement Laboratoire d’accueil : Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations INRA / IRD / CIRAD / Montpellier SupAgro Campus International de Baillarguet, CS 30016 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez cedex, France Etudes taxonomiques de deux genres d’acariens prédateurs de la famille des Phytoseiidae (Acari : Mesostigmata) : Phytoseiulus Evans et Neoseiulella Muma Présentée et soutenue publiquement par MOHAMAD KANOUH le 14 Décembre 2010 JURY Serge KREITER Montpellier SupAgro Co-directeur de thèse Mark JUDSON Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris Examinateur Jean-Pierre LUMARET Université de Montpellier III Examinateur André NEL Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris Rapporteur Jean-Loup NOTTEGHEM Montpellier SupAgro Examinateur Salvatore RAGUSA Université degli Studi de Palermo, Italie Rapporteur Marie-Stéphane TIXIER Montpellier SupAgro Co-directrice de thèse RÉSUMÉ La classification actuelle de la famille des Phytoseiidae n’est pas basée sur de réelles études phylogénétiques et par conséquent, de nombreuses questions se posent sur la validité des taxa supra-spécifiques mais également vis-à-vis des taxa spécifiques. Ce travail de thèse avait donc pour objectif de répondre à de telles questions pour deux genres : Phytoseiulus et Neoseiulella, en utilisant pour la première fois des approches phylogénétiques moléculaires et morphologiques. Ces études phylogénétiques ont été également associées à des études biogéographiques. Les résultats obtenus par ces deux approches sont congruents et semblent montrer que ces deux genres ne sont pas monophylétiques : le genre Phytoseiulus semble au mieux paraphylétique, tandis que le genre Neoseiulella serait polyphylétique.
  • The Characterisation of Microsatellite Markers Reveals Tetraploidy in the Greater Water Parsnip, Sium Latifolium (Apiaceae) Naomi J

    The Characterisation of Microsatellite Markers Reveals Tetraploidy in the Greater Water Parsnip, Sium Latifolium (Apiaceae) Naomi J

    Dalton et al. BMC Res Notes (2017) 10:204 DOI 10.1186/s13104-017-2528-6 BMC Research Notes SHORT REPORT Open Access The characterisation of microsatellite markers reveals tetraploidy in the Greater Water Parsnip, Sium latifolium (Apiaceae) Naomi J. Dalton1,2* , Gavin J. Horsburgh2 and Deborah A. Dawson2 Abstract Background: The Greater Water Parsnip, Sium latifolium (Apiaceae), is a marginal aquatic perennial currently endan- gered in England and consequently the focus of a number of conservation translocation projects. Microsatellite mark- ers were developed for S. latifolium to facilitate comparison of genetic diversity and composition between natural and introduced populations. Results: We selected 65 S. latifolium microsatellite (MiSeq) sequences and designed primer pairs for these. Primer sets were tested in 32 individuals. We found 15 polymorphic loci that amplifed consistently. For the selected 15 loci, the number of alleles per locus ranged from 8 to 17. For all loci, S. latifolium individuals displayed up to four alleles indicat- ing polyploidy in this species. Conclusions: These are the frst microsatellite loci developed for S. latifolium and each individual displayed 1–4 alleles per locus, suggesting polyploidy in this species. These markers provide a valuable resource in evaluating the population genetic composition of this endangered species and thus will be useful for guiding conservation and future translocations of the species. Keywords: Sium latifolium, Microsatellite, Polyploid, Plant translocation, Simple sequence repeat (SSR), Simple tandem repeat (STR) Background latifolium is a herbaceous, marginal aquatic perennial in Plant translocation is a common occurrence, with an the plant family Apiaceae, tribe Oenantheae; one of nine estimated 600 species of plants having been relocated species within the genus, it is found across Europe and as population introduction, re-introduction or aug- Asia [8].
  • Macro-Evolutionary and Macro-Ecological Studies on the Cape Flora, with Focus on the Pentaschistis Clade (Poaceae)

    Macro-Evolutionary and Macro-Ecological Studies on the Cape Flora, with Focus on the Pentaschistis Clade (Poaceae)

    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2007 Macro-evolutionary and macro-ecological studies on the Cape flora, with focus on the Pentaschistis clade (Poaceae) Galley, Chloé A Abstract: Diese Arbeit behandelt die Makroevolution und die Makroökologie einer artenreichen Gruppe von Grasen der Kapflora (der Pentaschistis „Clade“), und anderer „Clades“, welche dieselbe Verbre- itung aufweisen. Im ersten Kapitel untersuche ich die Evolution und Funktion von mehrzelligen Drüsen und von anatomischen Blatttypen in der Pentaschistis Gruppe. Um Merkmalsevolution zu untersuchen, benötigt man eine phylogenetische Hypothese. Schliesslich werden einige unklare Punkte betreffend zwischenartlichen Beziehungen aufgelöst. Prionanthium ist innerhalb Pentaschistis anzusiedeln und dieser „Clade“ kann als Schwestergruppe zu Pentameris und Pentaschistis tysonii betrachtet werden. Im zweiten Kapitel untersuche ich den Artenreichtum des Pentaschistis „Clade“ in der Kapflora, mit der Drakensberg Region als Vergleich. Die Habitatsdiversität der Landstriche (zwischen Regionen) und die Habitatsunterschiede zwischen unterschiedlichen Landstrichen (innerhalb der Regionen) werden ver- glichen. Diese Resultate werden also Vorhersage von Artreichtum und Artenfluktuation für die jeweiligen Regionen getestet. Trotz einer gut untersuchten Flora werden immer noch neue Arten von der Region der Kapflora (CFR) entdeckt und beschrieben. Kapitel drei ist eine Beschreibung von dreier neuerArten der CFR. Kapitel vier ist eine Metaanalyse die sich auf die Ursprünge der „Cape Clades“ konzentri- ert, welche ca. 50% der am Kap vorkommenden Pflanzenarten ausmachen. Die „Cape Clades“ haben räumlich und zeitlich sehr unterschiedliche Ursprünge. Kapitel fünf untersucht die Wanderrouten von vier Linien, welche hauptsächlich am Kap beheimatet sind, durch die Regionen des gemässigten Afrikas. Ein generelles Migrationsmuster um die Region des gemässigten Afrikas wird identifiziert.
  • Using Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Evenness to Compare Diversification

    Using Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Evenness to Compare Diversification

    ARTICLE IN PRESS Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 12 (2010) 93–106 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics journal homepage: www.elsevier.de/ppees Research article Using taxonomic and phylogenetic evenness to compare diversification in two Island Floras Felipe Domı´nguez Lozano a,n, Jonathan Price b,Rudiger¨ Otto c, Jose Marı´a Ferna´ndez-Palacios c a Department of Plant Biology (Biologı´a Vegetal I), Facultad de Biologı´a, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/ Jose´ Antonio Novais 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain b Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, 200 W, Kawili St. Hilo, HI 96720-4091, USA c Department of Ecology, Facultad de Biologı´a, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain article info abstract Article history: This study compares the phylogenetic structure in the Canary Islands and Hawaii by means of the Received 17 February 2009 distributions of the species number for plant families (Taxonomic evenness) and lineages (Phylogenetic Received in revised form evenness) across archipelagos and across habitats in both archipelagos using the Gini coefficient. We 4 December 2009 then investigate phylogenies to identify particular habitats contributing to such differences using Accepted 4 December 2009 Taxonomic distinctness (AvTD) and its variation (VarTD). Our results show that the distribution of species number among Hawaiian lineages is much more Keywords: uneven than the Canary Islands. In contrast, Hawaii produces a more even distribution of species Canary Islands number by family than the Canary Islands. This may be due to the Hawaiian Flora being derived from Gini coefficient considerably fewer colonists than the Canarian Flora as a result of its much greater degree of isolation.
  • Scrophulariaceae) and Hemiparasitic Orobanchaceae (Tribe Rhinantheae) with Emphasis on Reticulate Evolution

    Scrophulariaceae) and Hemiparasitic Orobanchaceae (Tribe Rhinantheae) with Emphasis on Reticulate Evolution

    Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) an der Fakultät für Biologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Evolutionary history and biogeography of the genus Scrophularia (Scrophulariaceae) and hemiparasitic Orobanchaceae (tribe Rhinantheae) with emphasis on reticulate evolution vorgelegt von Agnes Scheunert München, Dezember 2016 II Diese Dissertation wurde angefertigt unter der Leitung von Prof. Dr. Günther Heubl an der Fakultät für Biologie, Department I, Institut für Systematische Botanik und Mykologie an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Günther Heubl Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Jochen Heinrichs Tag der Abgabe: 15.12.2016 Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 22.03.2017 III IV Eidesstattliche Versicherung und Erklärung Eidesstattliche Versicherung Ich, Agnes Scheunert, versichere hiermit an Eides statt, daß die vorgelegte Dissertation von mir selbständig und ohne unerlaubte Hilfe angefertigt ist. München, den 14.12.2016 ______________________________________ Agnes Scheunert Erklärung Diese Dissertation wurde im Sinne von § 12 der Promotionsordnung von Prof. Dr. Günther Heubl betreut. Hiermit erkläre ich, Agnes Scheunert, dass die Dissertation nicht ganz oder in wesentlichen Teilen einer anderen Prüfungskommission vorgelegt worden ist, und daß ich mich anderweitig einer Doktorprüfung ohne Erfolg nicht unterzogen habe. München, den 14.12.2016 ______________________________________ Agnes Scheunert V VI Declaration of author contribution In this cumulative thesis,
  • Proceedings of the I International Congress Pro Flora Macaronesica

    Proceedings of the I International Congress Pro Flora Macaronesica

    AAONOGRAPHI~ BIOLOGICAY CANARIENSES Proceedings of the I Internationãl Congress pro Flora acaroneska edited by G. Kunkel Este tomo se dedica a la memoria de Eric R. Sventenius, Direc,tor ded Jardín Ca- nario “Viera y Clavijo” y Presidente de Honor de este Congreeo, que falleció cn eAa ciudad el día 23 ,de Junio de 1973. Excmo. Cabildo Insular de Gran Canaria Las Palmas, Septiembre de 1973 l Monogr. Biol. Canar. 4; 1973 Dirección de In Redacción: Finca ‘Uano de !la Piedra” (Santa Lucha de Tirajana Gran Canaria, ‘España Depósito Legal: GC - 79-1970 Edición 600 ejemplares Precio de este nitmero: Ptas. 320,- 0 Imp. Pérez Galdós, c/ BuenosAires, 38 Las Palmasde Gran Canaria SP ISISN 0077 - 0647 -4- Indice Editorial notes Introduction ...................................................................... 7 List of participants ........................................................... 8 Daily ,programme (Span.) ............................................. 12 List of le&ures ............................................................... 13 Acknowledgements (Span.) ............................................. 14 Text of lectures STEARN: Philip Barker Webb and Canarian Botany ...... 15 STEINBERG: Macaronesian Collections of Phanerogams in the Herbarium Universitatis Florentinae ............... 30 KR0SS: Canarian Common Names of Wild Pllan,ts and their Meaning in Botany anld Linguistics ........................ 49 BOUfLOB: The Endemic Species of Sonohus and ReJated Ge- nera in the Macaronesian Islands ........................ 60 MENDOZA-HEUER:

  • Diversity, Rarity and the Evolution and Conservation of the Canary Islands Endemic Flora

    Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid Vol. 65(1): 25-45 enero-junio 2008 ISSN: 0211-1322 Diversity, rarity and the evolution and conservation of the Canary Islands endemic flora by J. Alfredo Reyes-Betancort1, Arnoldo Santos Guerra1, I. Rosana Guma1, Christopher J. Humphries2 & Mark A. Carine2,3 1 Unidad de Botánica Aplicada, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Jardín de Aclimatación de La Orotava, c/ Retama n.º 2, 38400 Puerto de La Cruz, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain 2 Department of Botany, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom 3Author for correspondence: [email protected] Abstract Resumen Reyes-Betancort, J.A., Santos Guerra, A., Guma, I.R., Humphries, Reyes-Betancort, J.A., Santos Guerra, A., Guma, R., Humphries, C.J. & Carine, M.A. 2008. Diversity, rarity and the evolution and C.J. & Carine, M.A. 2008. Diversidad, rareza, evolución y con- conservation of the Canary Islands endemic flora. Anales Jard. servación de la flora endémica de las Islas Canarias. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 65(1): 25-45. Bot. Madrid 65(1): 25-45 (en inglés). The endemic vascular flora of the Canary Islands comprises over La flora vascular endémica de las Islas Canarias comprende unos 680, taxa collectively accounting for more than 50% of the total 680 táxones, lo que viene a representar más del 50% de la flora na- native flora. To investigate geographical patterns of diversity tiva. Con objeto de investigar patrones geográficos de diversidad within the endemic flora, distribution data from published en la flora endémica, se recopilaron los datos publicados que, jun- sources together with other field observation and herbarium to con otras observaciones de campo y datos de herbario, sirvieron data were used to compile a data matrix comprising the distrib- para completar una matriz de datos que abarca la distribución de utions of ca.