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Flower and Fruit Micro-Macro Morphological Characters of the Genus Sanguisorba L

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Flower and Fruit Micro-Macro Morphological Characters of the Genus Sanguisorba L Iranian Journal of Plant Biology, Vol. 10, No. 4, 2019 Flower and fruit micro-macro morphological characters of the genus Sanguisorba L. (Rosaceae) from Iran Adeleh Deylami Moezi, Marzieh Beygom Faghir*, Robabeh Shavun Shahi Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Abstract In this survey, flower and fruit micro-macro morphological characters of the genus Sanguisorba (Rosaceae) including two species (Sanguisorba officinalis and S. minor) and three subspecies (Sanguisorba. minor subsp. muricata, S. minor. subsp. lasiocarpa and S. minor subsp. minor) from Iran were studied. At First, plant materials were collected and identified. Then, the detailed flower and achene morphological characters examined using digital and scanning electron microscopies. To determine inter and intra specifics relationships, the examined data (44 quantitative and qualitative characters) inserted in the principal component analysis (PCA). Based on our findings, inflorescence shape and dimensions shape of external bracts and calyx, number of carpels, stigma, style ,and number of stamen, filament length, folding patterns, number of wings, hair density and length, distance between hairs, length, width and depth of lumen, wax-sculpturing types are the most important micro-macro morphological evidences in this genus. The PCA analysis resulted in formation of two groups, complete separation of species and subspecies. Based on the current result, flower and fruit micro-macro morphological data of the genus Sanguisorba are taxonomically informative and can be used for infrageneric and species classification. An identification key based on the important diagnostic characters is presented. Keywords: Iran, micro and macro-morphology, Rosaceae, Sanguisorba * Corresponding Author: [email protected] Copyright©2019, University of Isfahan. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY‐NC‐ND/4.0), which permits others to download this work and share it with others as long as they credit it, but they cannot change it in any way or use it commercially. زﻳﺴﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ اﻳﺮان، ﺳﺎل دﻫﻢ، ﺷﻤﺎرة ﺳﻲ و ﻫﺸﺘﻢ، زﻣﺴﺘﺎن 1397، ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 53-68 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ: 1396/10/28 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي: 04/05/1397 و 1397/07/10 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ: 1397/09/19 ﺻﻔﺎت رﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ و رﻳﺰرﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﮔﻞ و ﻣﻴﻮه در ﺟﻨﺲ .Sanguisorba L از ﺧﺎﻧﻮادة Rosaceae در اﻳﺮان ﻋﺎدﻟﻪ دﻳﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻌﺰي، ﻣﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﮕﻢ ﻓﻘﻴﺮ *، رﺑﺎﺑﻪ ﺷﺎوون ﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﺮوه زﻳﺴﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، داﻧﺸﻜﺪة ﻋﻠﻮم، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﻴﻼن، رﺷﺖ، اﻳﺮان ﭼﻜﻴﺪه در ﭘـــﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿـــﺮ، ﺻﻔﺎت رﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲﮔـــﻞ، رﻳﺨﺖﺷـــﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ و رﻳـــﺰ رﻳﺨﺖﺷـــﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﻣﻴـــﻮة ﺟـــﻨﺲ (Sanguisorba (Rosaceae، ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دو ﮔﻮﻧﺔ S. minor و S. officinalis و ﺳﻪ زﻳـﺮ ﮔﻮﻧـﺔ .S. minor subsp S. minor subsp. minor ،muricata و S. minor subsp. lasiocarpa از اﻳــﺮان ﺑﺮرﺳــﻲ ﺷــﺪﻧﺪ. اﺑﺘــﺪا ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﻴــﺎﻫﻲ ﺟﻤــﻊآوري و ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﻳﻲ ﺷــﺪﻧﺪ؛ ﺳــﭙﺲ ﺟﺰﺋﻴــﺎت ﺻــﻔﺎت ﮔــﻞ و ﻣﻴــﻮة ﺗﺎﻛﺴــﻮنﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊآوريﺷﺪه ﺑﻪدﻗﺖ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ و ﺑـﺎ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮپﻫـﺎي دﻳﺠﻴﺘـﺎﻟﻲ و اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧـﻲ ﻧﮕﺎره ﻋﻜﺲﺑـﺮداري ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ رواﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ و زﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﺷﺪه (44 ﺻﻔﺖ ﻛﻤﻲ و ﻛﻴﻔﻲ) در آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺔ اﺻﻠﻲ (PCA) ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ؛ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻞآذﻳﻦ، اﺑﻌﺎد و ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺮﮔﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﺮوﻧﻲ، ﺷﻜﻞ ﻛﺎﺳﺒﺮگﻫﺎ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮﭼﻪ، ﻛﻼﻟﻪ و ﺧﺎﻣﻪ، ﺗﻌـﺪاد ﭘـﺮﭼﻢ و ﻃـﻮل ﻣﻴﻠـﻪ، اﻟﮕـﻮي ﭼﻴﻦﺧـﻮردﮔﻲ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺎﻟﻪ، ﻣﻴﺰان اﻧﺒﻮﻫﻲ ﻛﺮك و ﻃـﻮل، ﻧـﻮع و ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﺔ ﻛﺮكﻫـﺎ، ﻃـﻮل، ﻋـﺮض و ﻋﻤـﻖ ﺣﻔﺮهﻫـﺎ و اﻟﮕـﻮي ﺗﺰﺋﻴﻨﺎت ﻣﻮم ﻛﻮﺗﻴﻜﻮﻟﻲ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت رﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ و رﻳﺰرﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ در اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ PCA ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ دو ﮔﺮوه و ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ و زﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﺷـﺪه ﻣﻨﺠـﺮ ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳـﺎس ﻧﺘــﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻــﻞ از ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿــﺮ، اﻃﻼﻋــﺎت رﻳﺨﺖﺷــﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ و رﻳﺰرﻳﺨﺖﺷــﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﮔــﻞ و ﻣﻴــﻮه در ﺟــﻨﺲ Sanguisorba اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻴﻚ دارﻧﺪ و ﺑﺮاي ردهﺑﻨﺪي در ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺟـﻨﺲ، ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ و ﻓﺮوﮔﻮﻧـﻪاي اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ، ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. واژهﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي: رﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، رﻳﺰرﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، ﮔﻞ، ﻣﻴﻮه، Rosaceae ،Sanguisorba * ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪة ﻣﺴﺌﻮل: ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ: [email protected]، ﺷﻤﺎرة ﺗﻤﺎس: 0133333647 Copyright©2019, University of Isfahan. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY‐NC‐ND/4.0), which permits others to download this work and share it with others as long as they credit it, but they cannot change it in any way or use it commercially. 54 زﻳﺴﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ اﻳﺮان، ﺳﺎل دﻫﻢ، ﺷﻤﺎرة ﺳﻲ و ﻫﺸﺘﻢ، زﻣﺴﺘﺎن 1397 .ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺟﻨﺲ Sanguisorba در زﻳﺮﻃﺎﻳﻔﺔ اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (S. minor) و ﺳﻪ زﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ Sanguisorbinae و ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﻋﻀﺎي ﺑﺪون ﮔﻠﺒﺮگ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ (S. minor subsp. muricata (Spach ﻃﺎﻳﻔﺔ S. minor subsp. lasiocarpa (Boss and ،Briq. (Zhang et al., 2017) Agrimonineae (.S. minor subsp. minor Scop. ،Hausskn) (Eriksson et al., (Syn: Sanguisorbeae DC در (Kerr, 2004; Potter et al., 2007 ;2003 از ﻓﻠﻮر اﻳﺮان (Khatamsaz, 1993) ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺧﺎﻧﻮادة Rosaceae اﺳﺖ. در اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ، ﮔﻞﻫﺎ Sanguisorba از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻳﻜﻲ از زﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﻧﻬﻨﺞ ﻛﻮزهﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺨﻤﺪان ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪهﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻧﻮادة Rosaceae اﺳﺖ. (ﻳﺎ ﺗﺨﻤﺪانﻫﺎ) را ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﻣﺤﺼﻮر ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع، اﺑﻬﺎﻣﺎت ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻴﻚ و ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮيﻫﺎي (Linnaeus .(Kalkman, 2004 (1753) ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﻜﺮر را در ردهﺑﻨﺪي آن ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ Sanguisorba ﺑﺎر ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي را ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﮔﻞﻫﺎي ,Linnaeus, 1753; Scopoli, 1772; Nordborg) دوﺟﻨﺴﻲ داراي ﺧﺎﻣﺔ دوﺗﺎﻳﻲ ازﺟﻨﺲ Muñoz Garmendia and Navarro, Potrdium ;1966 (1966 ﺑﻪﻃﻮرﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﻫﺎي اﻧﺠﺎمﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن داراي ﮔﻞﻫﺎي ﺗﻚﺟﻨﺲ و ﺧﺎﻣﺔ واﺣﺪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ اﻧﺪك ;Mishima et al., 2002) ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ. Sanguisorba ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻋﻠﻔﻲ ﭼﻨﺪﺳﺎﻟﻪ (Chung et al., 2010 و ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﻣﺤﺪودة ﺗﻴﺮه و اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﻧﻴﻢﻛﺮة ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر دارﻧﺪ زﻳﺮﺗﻴﺮه Hebda et al., 1988; Tantawy and) (Andrabi, et al., 2012; Kerr, 2004). ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي (Naseri, 2003 و ﻃﺎﻳﻔﻪ ;Ginefra Toni, 2017) اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻤﺎل، ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮب و ﺷﻤﺎل Faghir et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2017) ﺷﺮق، ﻏﺮب، ﺷﺮق، ﻣﺮﻛﺰ و ﺟﻨﻮب اﻳﺮان ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪهاﻧﺪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻫﺪف از اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺮح (Nordborg, 1966; Khatamsaz, 1993). ﺟﻨﺲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺻﻔﺎت رﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ (ﮔﻞ و ﻣﻴﻮه) و Sanguisorba در ﻓﻠﻮر ﺷﻮروي ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ,Juzepczuk) رﻳﺰرﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ (ﻣﻴﻮه) ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ و زﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي (1941 ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ از 9 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎي Sanguisorbaدر اﻳﺮان، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻛﻠﻴﺪي .Agrimonia L. ،Aphanes L. ،Alchemilla L و وﻛﺎرﺑﺮد آن در رده ﺑﻨﺪي اﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﻋﻼوه .Poterium L در ﻃﺎﻳﻔﺔ Sanguisorbaea ﻗﺮار داده ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ، ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ رواﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺔ اﺻﻠﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﻓﻠﻮر اﻳﺒﺮﻳﻜﺎ 6 ﮔﻮﻧﺔ اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ، ﺗﺤﺖ از اﻫﺪاف دﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﺔ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﺳﺖ. دو زﻳﺮﺟﻨﺲ Subgen. Poterium و .Subgen Sanguisorba و دو زﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﺔ .S. minor subsp ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ minor و S. minor subsp. balearica رده ﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ,Muñoz Garmendia, and Navarro) ﺗﺎزه (در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1392 ﺗﺎ 1394) و ﺧﺸﻚ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده (Nordborg .1998 (1966) وﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي S. minor و ﺷﺪ (ﺟﺪول 1). ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺎزه از ﮔﻮﻧﺔ .S S. officinalis و ﭼﻬﺎر زﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﺔ S. minor را در officinalis از اﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﻼن و ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻓﻠﻮرا اﻳﺮاﻧﻴﻜﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺮد؛ درﺣﺎﻟﻲﻛﻪ از ﺟﻤﻊآوري و ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ در ﺻﻔﺎت رﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ و رﻳﺰرﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﮔﻞ و ﻣﻴﻮه در ﺟﻨﺲ .Sanguisorba L از ﺧﺎﻧﻮادة Rosaceae در اﻳﺮان 55 ﺟﺪول 1- اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻔﺎدهﺷﺪه در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺷﻤﺎرة ﻫﺮﺑﺎرﻳﻮﻣﻲ ﺟﻤﻊآوريﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﻤﻊآوري و ارﺗﻔﺎع ﮔﻮﻧﻪ/زﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ GUH)5302) ﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن، ﻛﻼت، 1505 ﻣﺘﺮ GUH)5303) ﻓﻘﻴﺮ ﮔﻴﻼن، اﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻠﺨﺎل، 2300 ﻣﺘﺮ S. officinalis ﮔﻴﻼن، 5 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮي ﺟﻴﺮﻧﺪه - ﻛﻠﻴﺸﻢ، GUH)5754) ﺷﺎﻫﻲ 1650 ﻣﺘﺮ TEH)24177) وﻳﺴﻴﺎن ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎن، ﺧﺮم آﺑﺎد، 1000 ﻣﺘﺮ TEH)19254) واﻋﻈﻲ ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران، ﭘﻠﻮر، درﻳﺎﭼﺔ ﻻر، 1860 ﻣﺘﺮ GUH)5300) ﻓﻘﻴﺮ، دﻳﻠﻤﻲ ﮔﻴﻼن، اﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻠﺨﺎل، 2300 ﻣﺘﺮ S. minor subsp. minor GUH)5751) ﻓﻘﻴﺮ، دﻳﻠﻤﻲ ﻗﺰوﻳﻦ، اﻟﻤﻮت، 1850 ﻣﺘﺮ TUH)18848) ﺳﻌﻴﺪي ﮔﻴﻼن، اﺳﭙﻴﻠﻲ، 1600 ﻣﺘﺮ TUH)9295) ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺪان، ﮔﻨﺞ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ، 1750 ﻣﺘﺮ TEH)9297) ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎن آذرﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎن، ﮔﺮدﻧﺔ ﻳﺎم ﻣﻴﺸﻮداغ،1840 ﻣﺘﺮ GUH)5301) ﺷﻤﺸﻴﺮي ﻛﺮدﺳﺘﺎن، ﺳﻨﻨﺪج، ﻛﺮدﻧﻪ S. minor subsp. lasiocarpa GUH)5753) ﻓﻘﻴﺮ، دﻳﻠﻤﻲ ﮔﻴﻼن، اﻟﻤﻮت، ﻗﺰوﻳﻦ ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران، ﺟﺎدة ﻛﺮج ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎﻟﻮس، ﭘﻞ TEH)33151) ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎن زﻧﮕﻮﻟﻪ، 3000 ﻣﺘﺮ S. minor subsp. muricata TEH)29493) ﻣﻴﺮﺗﺎجاﻟﺪﻳﻨﻲ ﻛﺮﻣﺎن، ﮔﻮﻏﺮ GUH)5752) ﻣﻴﺮﺗﺎجاﻟﺪﻳﻨﻲ ﻗﺰوﻳﻦ، اﻟﻤﻮت، 2300 ﻣﺘﺮ TUH)18848) ﺳﻌﻴﺪي ﮔﻴﻼن، اﺳﭙﻴﻠﻲ، 1600ﻣﺘﺮ S. minor TUH)9295) ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺪان، ﮔﻨﺞﻧﺎﻣﻪ، 1750ﻣﺘﺮ ﻫﺮﺑﺎرﻳﻮم داﻧﺸﻜﺪة ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺎﻳﺔ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﻴﻼن Dinolit، ژاﭘﻦ) از آﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﻜﺲﺑﺮداري ﺷﺪ. ﻣﻴﻮهﻫﺎ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﺸﻚﺷﺪه از ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺻﻔﺎت رﻳﺰرﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﺷﺴﺘﻪ و در ﻫﺮﺑﺎرﻳﻮمﻫﺎي ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎ و ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ ﻣﻌﺮض ﻫﻮا ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ؛ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ روي ﭘﺎﻳﺔ ﻛﺸﻮر (TARI)، داﻧﺸﻜﺪهﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺎﻳﺔ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮپ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ روﺑﺸﻲ (SEM) ﺗﻬﺮان (TUH)، داروﺳﺎزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ (ﻣﺪل Vega، ﺷﺮﻛﺖ Tescan، آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ) ﻗﺮار داده ﺗﻬﺮان (TEH) و ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺎﻳﺔ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﻴﻼن ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﭘﺲ از ﻃﻼﭘﻮشﻛﺮدن، ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻜﺲﺑﺮداري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮنﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊآوريﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻣﺘﺎﻟﻮژي رازي ارﺳﺎل ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي از ﻓﻠﻮرا اﻳﺮاﻧﻴﻜﺎ (Nordborg, 1966) و ﻓﻠﻮر اﻳﺮان ﺻﻔﺎت رﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻂﻛﺶ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮپ (Khatamsaz, 1993) اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل (ﻣﺪل 435، ﺷﺮﻛﺖ Dinolit، ژاﭘﻦ) رﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﮔﻞ و ﻣﻴﻮه از ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﻞ، اﺳﻼﻳﺪ (ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﻣﻨﺪرج در ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺼﺎوﻳﺮ) و اﻧﻄﺒﺎق آن ﺑﺎ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪ و ﻣﻴﻮهﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻣﻼً رﺳﻴﺪه و ﺳﺎﻟﻢ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺧﻂﻛﺶ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار ﻓﺘﻮﺷﺎپ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ؛ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ دورﺑﻴﻦ (ﻣﺪل 435، ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺮ ﺻﻔﺖ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ 20 ﺑﺬر از ﻫﺮ ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮن 56 زﻳﺴﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ اﻳﺮان، ﺳﺎل دﻫﻢ، ﺷﻤﺎرة ﺳﻲ و ﻫﺸﺘﻢ، زﻣﺴﺘﺎن 1397 اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﺪ. اﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎت رﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ از ﺑﻴﻀﻲ - ﻗﺎﺷﻘﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ و ﻗﺴﻤﺖ دروﻧﻲ ﮔﻮد و ﺑﺎ ﻓﻠﻮرا اﻳﺮاﻧﻴﻜﺎ (Nordborg, 1966) و ﻓﻠﻮر اﻳﺮان ﻓﺮورﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺨﻢﻣﺮﻏﻲ - ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺴﻄﺢ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﺳﺖ. (Khatamsaz, 1993) و اﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎت ﮔﻞﻫﺎ دوﺟﻨﺴﻲ (ﺷﻜﻞ C - 1) ﺗﺎ ﺗﻚﺟﻨﺴﻲ رﻳﺰرﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﻘﺎﻻت Barthlott (ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎي L ،H ،G -1 و M) ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﮔﻞﻫﺎ در .S (1981) و Barthlott و Engel (1988) اﺳﺘﻔﺎده officinalis دوﺟﻨﺴﻲاﻧﺪ؛ درﺣﺎﻟﻲﻛﻪ در S. minor ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﮔﻞﻫﺎي ﻧﺮ در ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ، ﮔﻞﻫﺎي دوﺟﻨﺴﻲ در وﺳﻂ و آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ: ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ رواﺑﻂ ﮔﻞﻫﺎي ﻣﺎده در ﺑﺎﻻي ﺳﺎﻗﺔ ﮔﻞدﻫﻨﺪه ﻇﺎﻫﺮ آراﻳﻪﻫﺎ و ﮔﺮوهﺑﻨﺪي آﻧﻬﺎ آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ (ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎي G -1 و H). ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ (PCA) ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار Mintab ﻧﺴﺨﺔ 16 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ دو ﻧﻮع ﺑﺮﮔﺔ دروﻧﻲ و ﺑﻴﺮوﻧﻲ دارﻧﺪ. ﺑﻴﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ (Ryan and Joiner, 2001). ﺻﻔﺎت ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﺑﻪ دو زﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي S. officinalis ﻳﻚ (ﺷﻜﻞ D -1) و ﺣﺎﻟﺖ (ﺻﻔﺮ و ﻳﻚ)، ﻛﺪﮔﺬاري و ﺻﻔﺎت ﻛﻤﻲ ﻫﻢ S.
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