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(Ijetcas) Adoption of Recomme International Association of Scientific Innovation and Research (IASIR) ISSN (Print): 2279-0047 (An Association Unifying the Sciences, Engineering, and Applied Research) ISSN (Online): 2279-0055 International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Computational and Applied Sciences (IJETCAS) www.iasir.net ADOPTION OF RECOMMENDED CHILLI CULTIVATION PRACTICES BY THE FARMERS V. S.TEKALE1, N. G. JALIT2, C. J. GAIKWAD3 1Associate Professor (Extension Education), 2Ex-Student, (M.Sc. Extension Education) 3 Librarian, College of Agriculture, Nagpur (M.S.) India. ____________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: The research study was conducted in Bhiwapur Panchayat Samiti of Nagpur district of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra State of India. In this study, the adoption of recommended chilli cultivation practices. The majority of the farmers had medium level overall adoption of recommended chilli cultivation practices. The cent per cent of respondents were fully adopted practice harvesting of red chilli. In chilli nursery management majority of respondents fully adopted practices like age of seedling, type of soil, seed sowing depth and row distance, seed rate, size of seed bed and chilli varieties. In main chilli field majority of respondents fully adopted practices like time of transplanting, land preparation, intercultural operations, dipping of seedlings in chemical, spacing and doses of fertilizers. Majority of respondents faced constraints in chilli cultivation were non availability of labour on time, non availability of adequate FYM, fertilizers, and insecticides in time, high labour charge, high cost of improved variety seeds, non availability of storage facilities, deterioration of chilli in storage, non-remunerative market prices, fluctuating market prices, irregular demand and high cost of transport were major constraints faced by chilli farmers. Keywords: Adoption; Chilli cultivation practices; Constraints _____________________________________________________________________________________ I. INTRODUCTION In India the area under chilli (Capsicum annuum / Capsicum frutescens) during 2010 was 7.8 lakh ha and in Maharashtra the area of chilli is 1.4 lakh ha while the yield of chilli is 705 kg/ha and 550 kg/ha in India and Maharashtra respectively. The total production of chilli in India and Maharashtra is 5.8 lakh tonnes and 77000 tonnes respectively. In Vidarbha region of Maharashtra the total area under chilli crop is 0.6 lakh ha and yield of chilli per ha is 882 kg, while total production is 52,920 tonnes during year 2010. Vidarbha region accounts 30 per cent of total production of chilli in Maharashtra. (Krishi Patrika, Dr. PDKV Akola, Dec 2010, 1-2). In Maharashtra chilli crop is cultivated in 1.4 lakh hectares. Out of these 68 per cent of production is taken in Nanded, Jalgaon, Dhule, Solapur, Nagpur, Amravati, Chandrapur and Osmanabad District. Total area and production in Nagpur district under chilli cultivation is 14100 ha and 20090 tonnes, respectively. Chilli is the largest spice item exported from India. In terms of best volume and value, during 2009-10, chilli accounted for 41 per cent in volume and 23 per cent in value terms of total export of spices from India. (Anonymous, 2010). The present study was conducted to understand the level of adoption of the Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth (PDKV), Akola a State Agricultural University recommended chilli cultivation practices by the farmers. Considering the importance of adoption of recommended chilli cultivation practices by the farmers, this study was carried out during the year 2012, with specific objectives: 1) To study the extent of adoption of recommended chilli cultivation practices by the farmers. 2) To study the constraints faced by the farmers in adoption of recommended chilli cultivation practices. II. METHODOLOGY This investigation was carried out in Nagpur District of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra during the year 2012. The exploratory design of social research was used. One Bhiwapur Panchayat Samiti (block) was selected from Nagpur district and from this Panchayat samiti ten villages were selected by simple random sampling method, from these 10 villages, 100 respondents were selected by proportionate random sampling method. The data were collected with the help of personal interview method through structured interview schedule. IJETCAS 13-568; © 2013, IJETCAS All Rights Reserved Page 235 V. Tekale et al., International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Computational and Applied Sciences, 6(3), September-November, 2013, pp. 235-238 III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table 1: Distribution of respondents according to their practice wise adoption about recommended chilli cultivation. Sr. Practice wise adoption of recommended chilli cultivation Adoption No. Frequency and Percentage (n=100) A. Nursery FA PA NA 1. Soil type (Well drained, heavy to medium) 72 21 07 (72.00) (21.00) (07.00) 2. Varieties (red chilli – Jayanti, Agnirekha C.A.-960,G-3, X-235, Pant C-1, Tejas 52 29 19 jwala, N.P-46) (52.00) (29.00) (19.00) 3. Seed rate (1 to 1.250 kg seeds ha-1) 70 30 0 (70.00) (30.00) (0.00) 4. Seed treatment (Thirum or Bavistin 3 gm per 1 kg seeds) 35 25 40 (35.00) (25.00) (40.00) 5. Size of seed bed (2mt. Length, 1 mt. breadth, 20 cm height) 70 30 0 (70.00) (30.00) (0.00) 6. Compost application (2kg compost per 2 m2) 42 38 20 (42.00) (38.00) (20.00) 2 7. Dose of fertilizers (20 gm N2, 10 gm P2O5, 10 gm K2O per 2 m ) 51 39 10 (51.00) (39.00) (10.00) 8. Time of fertilizer application (Half dose of N and full dose of P and K before 42 38 20 sowing and half dose of N 20-25 DAS) (42.00) (38.00) (20.00) 9. Seed sowing (Sowing depth 2 cm, row distance 8-10 cm) 71 25 04 (71.00) (25.00) (04.00) 10. Number of seed beds (20-25 beds of seedlings in 1 ha. area) 29 62 09 (29.00) (62.00) (09.00) 11. Age of seedlings (Seedling age 4 weeks) 77 23 0 (77.00) (23.00) (00.00) B. Main field 12. Land preparation (Ploughing and harrowing operation in the month of April – 76 17 07 May) (76.00) (17.00) (07.00) 13. Manure application (9-10 tons FYM/ha) 37 43 20 (37.00) (43.00) (20.00) 14. Time of transplanting Kharif – July – August 79 21 0 (79.00) (21.00) (0.00) 15. Spacing 60 × 45 cm, 68 32 0 60 x 60 cm (68.00) (32.00) (0.00) 16. Dipping of seedlings (2ml Monocrotophos + sulphur (w.p.) 80% 3 gm + 70 29 01 Mancozeb 2.5 gm/lit. of water (70.00) (29.00) (1.00) 17. Dose of fertilizers (Rainfed chilli - 50:25:00 NPK/ha 52 38 10 Irrigated chilli - 150:50:50 NPK/ha in 4 weeks equally and remaining at 4, 11, 13 (52.00) (38.00) (10.00) weeks in split doses). 18. Interculture operations Weeding (3-4) 1st – 15 DAT 76 22 02 2nd – 45 DAT. Hoeing (4 to 5) 8 DAT. Gap filling 15-45 DAT (76.00) (22.00) (02.00) 19. Irrigation schedule 31 25 44 In winter 10-15 days interval (31.00) (25.00) (44.00) In summer 5-8 days interval 20. Pest management 1) Bud borer – spraying of Methyl dematon 25% 8 ml in 10 lit. water. 36 20 44 (36.00) (20.00) (44.00) 2) Sucking pests (Thrips, Mites, Jassids, Aphids, White flies) – spraying of Dimethoate 30% 10 ml in 10 ltr. water. 45 35 20 (45.00) (35.00) (20.00) 3) Caterpillar (Semilooper, Tobacco leaf eating caterpillar) – spraying of Chloropyriphos 20 EC 25 ml in 10 ltr. water. 29 32 39 (29.00) (32.00) (39.00) 21. Disease management 32 46 22 1) Leaf curl – spraying of Malathion 50% 20 ml + Sulphur 80% (w.p.) 25 gm + (32.00) (46.00) (22.00) Mancozeb 20 gm in 10 ltr. water. 27 36 37 2) Root rot – seed treatment with 3 gm Thirum and 4 gm Trichoderma per kg (27.00) (36.00) (37.00) seeds. 32 38 30 3) Fruit rot and dieback – spraying of Mancozeb 25 gm in 10 ltr. Water (32.00) (38.00) (30.00) 4) Mildew – spraying of Sulphur 80% (W.P.) 30 gm in 10 ltr. water. 36 42 22 (36.00) (42.00) (22.00) 22. Harvesting red chilli 100 00 00 (100.00) (00.00) (00.00) (Figures in parenthesis indicate percentage) FA- Full adoption, PA- Partial adoption, NA- No adoption The data regarding practice wise adoption of recommended chilli cultivation practices presented in Table 1 IJETCAS 13-568; © 2013, IJETCAS All Rights Reserved Page 236 V. Tekale et al., International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Computational and Applied Sciences, 6(3), September-November, 2013, pp. 235-238 revealed that, cent per cent of respondents have fully adopted practice of harvesting of red chilli. In case of nursery management majority of respondents have fully adopted practices viz; age of seedling (77.00 %) followed by type of soil required for chilli (72.00 %), seed sowing depth and row distance (71.00 %), seed rate per ha (70.00 %), size of seed bed (70.00 %) and chilli varieties to be used (52.00 %) respectively. Less than half of respondents have fully adopted the chilli practices in nursery were compost application (40.00 %), time of fertilizer application (40.00 %) and number of seed bed per ha (29.00 %). In case of partial adoption of chilli cultivation practices, majority of respondents (62.00 %) have partially adopted practice number of seed bed in one ha. The respondents who were partially adopting practices in nursery management were, doses of fertilizer application (39.00 %), compost application and time of fertilizer application (38.00%), seed rate in nursery (30.00 %) and size of seed bed (30.00 %) for chilli nursery.
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