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Colvin Run Mill Furnishing Plan Colvin Run Mill Furnishing Plan Colvin Run Mill Historic Site Great Falls, Virginia Fairfax County Park Authority November 2007 Colvin Run Mill Historic Site Colvin Run Mill Furnishing Plan by Dawn Kehrer A publication of Fairfax County, Virginia November 2007 Acknowledgements My deep appreciation goes to many members of the Fairfax County Park Authority who helped me research, organize and write this plan. Jeanne Niccolls, Collections Manager, provided guidance and encouragement and edited the manuscript; Ann Korzeniewski, Assistant Site Administrator, Colvin Run Mill, offered help in writing, editing and typing the manuscript on an almost daily basis; Mason Maddox, miller at Colvin Run, helped provide accurate information about milling operations and mill furnishings; Daphne Hutchinson, Branch Manager, Production Services, edited the manuscript, and Jennifer Blackwood and Crystal Allison, Colvin Run Mill, helped with graphics. Other Park Authority members offered valuable information about the history and architecture of the mill including Michael Rierson, Support Service Manager; Mike Henry, Colvin Run Mill Site Administrator; Mary Allen, Volunteer Coordinator, Colvin Run Mill; and Jack Van De Reit, Restoration Specialist. Barb Ziman, Events Coordinator, Sully Historic Site, offered information about period clothing for the miller. Joanne Kearney, Graphic Designer, Production Services, gave me helpful information about graphics and Don Sweeney, Photographer, Production Services, captured the mill in his magnificent photography. Also thanks to Judith Pedersen, Public Information Officer, Matthew Kaiser, Deputy Public Information Officer, and David Ochs, Resources Editor, Fairfax County Park Authority, who reviewed the manuscript. Several Colvin Run Mill volunteers also helped me with various aspects of the paper and have my gratitude. Many thanks to Bing Tseng, Joe Pruden, Iris Schwartz, Muriel Levin, Marge Lundegard, Debra Gee, Rachael Neenan, Taesung Lee and Sherief El-Sibaie. Esther A. Middlewood, Editor, Old Mill ews , a publication of the Society for the Preservation of Old Mills, printed several notices requesting mill information pertinent to the manuscript. Brian Conley, Assistant County Archivist, Fairfax County and Suzanne Levy, Librarian, Fairfax City Public Library, provided research assistance. MaryAnn Sheehan, Information Specialist, Fairfax County Government, acquired many books on loan for research and provided other research information. Martha Katz-Hyman, Independent Curator, reviewed the plan and offered many helpful suggestions. ii TABLE OF COTETS Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................... ii Purpose of the Furnishing Plan ............................................................................................. 1 Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 2 Site Description..................................................................................................................... 4 Site Map ................................................................................................................................ 5 General Information .............................................................................................................. 6 Ownership Periods of Colvin Run Mill ................................................................................ 8 Colvin Run Mill Timeline..................................................................................................... 11 Exterior Architecture............................................................................................................. 16 Basement ............................................................................................................................... 19 First Floor.............................................................................................................................. 25 Second Floor ......................................................................................................................... 36 Third Floor ............................................................................................................................ 39 Fourth Floor/Loft................................................................................................................... 42 Glossary................................................................................................................................. 44 Bibliography.......................................................................................................................... 49 Appendix: Evans’ Drawings ................................................................................................. 53 Floor Plans............................................................................................................................. 63 iii iv Purpose of the Furnishing Plan The purpose of this plan is to guide the acquisition of furnishings and fittings in order to present a more accurate and consistent interpretation of Colvin Run Mill. While the mill structure and fixtures have been in place since its restoration by the Fairfax County Park Authority in the early 1970s, this is the first interior furnishing plan. The time period chosen to furnish the mill is 1810 – 1850. The mill was built circa 1810 and restored to its presumed earliest appearance, which included wooden gears. Wooden gears were typical until the 1850s. Therefore, research focused on the 1810 to 1850 time period, and the findings are presented in this plan. Because no original furnishings or documentation survive from the early period of the mill, artifacts and reproduction objects appropriate to this period will be installed in the mill as they become available. On the whole, this plan is based on Oliver Evans’ descriptions of what constituted an efficient working mill system. The plan is intended to be a flexible working document and any new information will be incorporated as it is discovered. Dawn Kehrer 2007 1 Methodology Original documentation specific to the furnishings of Colvin Run Mill at its earliest period is unknown. The following resources were consulted in an effort to gather appropriate information and develop as accurate and complete a presentation as possible. • A number of professional museum staff members from other early 19 th century operating gristmills were contacted to determine whether their sites had a written furnishing plan that could serve as a model for Colvin Run Mill. While staff members were interested in the results of this report, their sites did not have a furnishing plan or similar material to send to me for reference. • Notices requesting information about mill furnishing plans were placed in Old Mill ews, the publication of the Society for the Preservation of Old Mills (SPOOM), and on the organization’s online bulletin board, but very little response was received. Back issues of Old Mill ews were reviewed for information about furnishings, such as tools and mill furniture. • The Fairfax County Government Librarian consulted special resources to find furnishing plans for the mill and/or the miller’s office. • Reports from many nearby mills were read searching for furnishing plans or related information. • The primary resource for furnishings has been Oliver Evans’ book, The Young Mill-wright and Miller’s Guide. Not only does the book outline the plan of a mill using his equipment, but it also gives clues to other necessary but conventional objects that would have been found in a gristmill, such as brooms and candlesticks. • Other 19th century mill books by David Craik and William Carter Hughes were consulted to increase knowledge and understanding of milling history and technology. Twentieth century books about milling by authors such as Felicity Leung, Charles Howell and Allan Keller, Charles Kuhlmann, and B. W. Dedrick increased understanding of milling history and technology and provided information about furnishings. A book about Oliver Evans by Dorothy and Greville Bathe provided a great deal of information about Evans and his milling technology. • Colvin Run Mill by Ross D. Netherton provided much information on the history of Colvin Run Mill. Several unpublished interviews that took place between author Ross Netherton and restoration millwright Clifford Currie were consulted for information. 2 • Catalogs from Sprout-Waldron Manufacturing Company, a prominent mill furniture manufacturing company, were reviewed on-site at the Muncy (PA) Historical Society for clues to possible furnishings. • Members of the Fairfax County Park Authority administration and the Site Administrator of Colvin Run Mill were consulted in order to understand early decisions that were made about the renovation of Colvin Run Mill. • Millers and professional museum staff members at a variety of historic sites, including Stratford Hall (VA), Washington’s Gristmill (VA) and Old Sturbridge Village (MA), were contacted to ascertain the business attire of an early 19 th century miller. • Dawn Kehrer, Colvin Run Mill Historian and author of this report, attended annual conferences sponsored by the Society for the Preservation of Old Mills, where she toured working mills and mill museums to understand how milling machinery was placed in a mill and to discuss this project with other mill professionals. She also made personal visits
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