DOCSLIB.ORG

Klopsteg, Turkish Archery & the Composite

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Klopsteg, Turkish Archery & the Composite FfootJiptecc: Sketch of a Turkish archcr at full draw, ready to loose a flight arrow. [Based on a photoK'aph by Dr. Stocklcin published in llalıl I.them “U Palai* Dc Topkapou (Vicux Scrail)”. Mitnm. <k U Ltbratic Kanaat 1931 page 17. Information supplied by Society of Archcr-Antiquaries member Jamcr. H. Wiggins. | TURKISH ARCHERY AND THE COMPOSITE BOW by Paul E. Klopsteg F ormer D irector of R esearch N orthwestern T echnological I nstitute A Review of an old Chapter in the Chronicles of Archery and a Modern Interpretation Enlarged Third Edition Simon Archery Foundation The Manchester Museum, The University Manchester M139PL, Kngland Also published by the Simon Archcry Foundation: A Bibliography of Arthtry by Fred Lake and HaJ W right 1974 ISBN 0 9503199 0 2 Brazilian India» Arcbeiy bv E. G. Heath and Vilma Chiara 1977 ISBN 0 9503199 1 0 Toxopbilns by Roger Ascham 1985 ISBN 0 9503199 0 9 @ Paul E. Klopsteg, 1934, 1947 and 1987 First published by rhe author in the U.S.A. in 1934 Second edition, Revised published by the author in the U.S.A. in 1947 This enlarged edition published in 1987 JSBN 0 9503199 3 7 Printed and bound in Great Britain by Butler & Tanner Ltd, Frome and London c^ pur TABLE 0F CONTENTS Pa& In troduction ....................... ............................... ................................. Y|J Dr. Paul E. Klopsteg. Excerpts about him from articles written by him ...................................... ; .............................................................. IX Preface to the Second E d itio a ............................................................... xiii Preface to the First E dition........................................................ I The Background of Turkish Archery..................................... 1 II The Distance Records of the Turkish Bow.......................... 15 III The Guild of Bow Makers, and Famous Masters .... 33 IV How the Turkish Bow was Made............................................ 36 V Bow String, Arrow Guide, Thumb Ring and Mushamma 54 VI Turkish Arrows .............................................................................. 74 VII Bracing and Shooting the Turkish B ow ............................. 86 VIII The Turkish Archers Guild and its Rules of Practice for the N o v ice...................................................................................... .....106 IX Recent A ddenda....................................................................................119 X Some Scientific Considerations ................................................ .....141 Appendix I. A Royal Order by Mahmud II to Mustafa K ani. 167 Appendix II. Excerpts from Letters and Notes of Marion Kppley 168 Appendix III. Excerpts from Letters of Ingo Sim on .................. .... 176 Appendix IV. A Glossary of Turkish W ords Relating to Archery 179 Ingo Simon’s Comments hand-written in the 1947 revised edition 185 Ingo Simon’s Comments hand-written in the 1934 edition 186 Science Looks at A rchery...............................................................................187 F o r e w o r d ...................................................................................................... ^ Introduction .............................................................................................. T he B o w ...................................................................................................... 192 T he A r r o w .................................................................................................. 2^2 208 A im ing m e th o d s ...................................................................................... A round T he W o rld ...................................................................................... 21 \ M easuring Flight D istances....................................................................... 2^5 Index. ....................................................................................................... • ' 221 ILLUSTRATIONS Within the text A Turkish Archer at Full Draw ^ Facsimile of page 224 of Kani’s “Excerpts Structure of Persian composite bow Glue-cooking pot Hatchel or comb for sinew W ood foundation of composite bow Cutting ot horn with the saw Bowver’s block and adze Clamp and vise Scrapers and tendyek Glue-pot for sinew backing Tool for sinew backing Wood foundation with horn strips Stages of construction of a bow Braced bow before final shaping Tiller with bow Fixture for bending and shaping limbs Loop or tundj Luschan’s conccption of siper Facsimile o f page 2~" of kani’s “ Excerpts” Bracing a bow with the kt'mend Sketch of mandal Practice sack torba Gluing fixture for composite bows Force-draw curves Mvlius shooting block Measuring the perpendicular distance from the arrow to the axis between pages 56 and 5 7 Turkish bow s and detail of end Modern Turkish type bow and old bowstring Two views of siper Siper secured to hand Between pages 72 and 7} Thumb rings The lock’ or mandal anti a mushamma Quiver and flight arrows Details of Turkish arrows between pages 168 and 169 String pullers String pullers in use Lucite shooting blocks Shooting blocks in use between pages 212 and 215 column ant^ unidentified companion, examine a marble Tombstonr ,nscnPt,on marking where record-breaking arrow landed. me)dan.meydan NoteNotc 1k)W1 ^ °and \ afffJwC °ld Janissarics>^ in a^ burial ^ ground on the ok v i INTRODUCTION The Simon Archery Foundation was particularly pleased to receive Dr. Paul Klopsteg’s kind permission to reprint Turkish Archery because not only does it add to the knowled ge of the Turkish bows and arrows in the Simon Archery Collection but Ingo Simon, whose Archery Collection formed the nucleus of the present Simon Archery Collection, was particularly interested in flight shooting. Flight shooting is shooting to obtain the longest distance possible by taking the bow and its string to breaking point and this form of shooting was one of the disciplines of the Turkish archer. Ingo shot a distance of 462 yards in 1914 and this remained a world record until 1933. I also as Hon. Keeper of the Collection, was specially interested in this reprint because I was the British National Ladies Flight Champion in 1961, 1962, 1964, 1967 and 1971. From the late 1960s my bows were between 38" (96.5 cm) in length, and were centre shot (see also page 67) with a space (keyhole) in the centre for the arrow-rest and the bows each had a forward handle which was a (2 cm) wide strip of mild-steel metal shaped into a 5" (12.5 cm) long square bracket with a wooden handle piece attached parallel to the bow. This enabled a short arrow (mine with small plastic fletchings, were between 16" (41.5 cm) and 17" (43 cm) long and weighed 80 105 grains), to be shot with the drawn arrow resting in the centre of the bow when the archer was at tull-draw instead of drawing the arrow inside the bow. The bows I used, were made of fibreglass and wood laminates, and I shot over 400 yards. My release was with a “flooker”. This was a double “flipper” - see fig. 45 between pages 168 and 169 attached to a block (without the hook)— see fig. 50 between pages 168 and 169. Dr. Paul Klopsteg’s training as a physicist and a research engineer helped him to experiment and design the recurve com­ posite bow. These studies continued from 1931 and extended over a period of more than 20 years. In 1976 he was inducted into the Archery Hall of Fame which was formed in the USA to honour Americans in all phases of archery, who had given o utstanding services to the sport, or had excelled in the sport tor a long time. vu of who had been responsible for advancing the quality of archery equipment. Archers of today should thank him for his con­ tribution towards their high scores. The book originally printed in May 1934, and revised in 1947 describes and illustrates the construction o f the h orn, wood, sinew and glue Turkish composite bow, the design of the T urkish arrows, the accoutrements of the Turkish archer, me thods of practice and of shooting, and gives distance record s. To this. Dr. Klopsteg adds interesting historical background information including writing about the Guilds. The Simon Archery Library which has a comprehensive col­ lection of books and periodicals dating from 1792 to the present date, is most fortunate in having the 1934 first ed ition of the book. This bears the handwritten inscription: “To Ingo Simon with the highest regard for his contribution to the knowledge of that wonderful weapon, the Turkish composite bow. Paul E. Klopsteg” Mrs. Ruth Klopsteg Reed states that she can well remember her father devoting many hours in pursuit of a better under­ standing of the composite bow and its contribution to increased distance in flight shooting. At the age of 97, she says he now must confine his interest in archery to gratification for efforts such as the reprint of his book Turkish Arcberj. But this reprint with further additional material, is a tribute to the time, energy and patiencc Dr. Klopsteg spent for the benefit of modern archery. A. Wendy Hodkinson Hon. Keeper, Simon Archery Collection DR. PAUL E. KLOPSTEG Excerpts about him from articles written by him From “ Roving reminiscences and random recollections" Archery, 26, Feb. 1954 “I have lived archery, I believe, more interestingly than most— if that İs possible. My activities have not been confined to the usual target shooting: this is pleasant, to be sure, but archery offers much more. I have done bow-and-arrow hunting. If the war hadn’t come when it did, putting an end to serious
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tula Adze Download
    Australian Artefact Fact Sheet Tula adze Tula adzed dish Tula adze slug Tula adze slug Where? Across most of Australia with a focus on Central and Western Australia. The name tula or tuhla comes from the Wangkangurru people of the Simpson Desert. What? The tula adze is a hafted flaked stone tool mostly used for wood working (scraping, adzing and hardwood such as Acacias and Eucalypts. They were also used to butcher animals and to chop plants. When they are used to adze hard wood they blunt quickly and were then resharpened repeatedly by knocking off small flakes along the working edge. In archaeological sites they are usually found as exhausted slugs that have been removed from their hafting, discarded and then replaced. When? Tools such as tulas are rare in archaeological sites and especially places that can be dated. This has meant that there are small numbers that have been securely dated. The oldest dated tula adzes come from rockshelters in the Hamersley Ranges near Newman and Packsaddle dated to between 3,700 and 3,500 years ago. How? Tula adzes are made by flaking a core. They have a wide flat top (platform) that allows easy hafting and they have a curved shaped back (convex). The adzes were usually hafted into the ends of a wooden stick or spear thrower encasing the end of the stick/spear thrower in a resin glue made from spinifex or grevillea resin, kangaroo poo and sand. It took about two tulas to make a boomerang and an undecordated spear thrower would take about eight hours to make with a tula adze.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bow and Arrow in the Book of Mormon
    The Bow and Arrow in the Book of Mormon William J. Hamblin The distinctive characteristic of missile weapons used in combat is that a warrior throws or propels them to injure enemies at a distance.1 The great variety of missiles invented during the thousands of years of recorded warfare can be divided into four major technological categories, according to the means of propulsion. The simplest, including javelins and stones, is propelled by unaided human muscles. The second technological category — which uses mechanical devices to multiply, store, and transfer limited human energy, giving missiles greater range and power — includes bows and slings. Beginning in China in the late twelfth century and reaching Western Europe by the fourteenth century, the development of gunpowder as a missile propellant created the third category. In the twentieth century, liquid fuels and engines have led to the development of aircraft and modern ballistic missiles, the fourth category. Before gunpowder weapons, all missiles had fundamental limitations on range and effectiveness due to the lack of energy sources other than human muscles and simple mechanical power. The Book of Mormon mentions only early forms of pregunpowder missile weapons. The major military advantage of missile weapons is that they allow a soldier to injure his enemy from a distance, thereby leaving the soldier relatively safe from counterattacks with melee weapons. But missile weapons also have some signicant disadvantages. First, a missile weapon can be used only once: when a javelin or arrow has been cast, it generally cannot be used again. (Of course, a soldier may carry more than one javelin or arrow.) Second, control over a missile weapon tends to be limited; once a soldier casts a missile, he has no further control over the direction it will take.
    [Show full text]
  • Major Work by British Artist William Turnbull Joins the Wadsworth’S Sculptures on Main Street
    FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Media Contact: Kim Hugo, (860) 838-4082 [email protected] Image files to accompany publicity of this announcement will be available for download at http://press. thewadsworth.org. Email to request login credentials. Major Work by British Artist William Turnbull Joins the Wadsworth’s Sculptures on Main Street Hartford, Conn. (Sept. 19, 2019)— Earlier this week the Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art installed Large Horse (1990) one of the largest and most archetypal works by acclaimed twentieth century artist William Turnbull (1922–2012). Also on view is a selection of eight drawings he made between 1950 and 1957. “Art has the power to humanize the urban environment with sculpture having a distinguishing public art role throughout history,” says Thomas J. Loughman, Director and CEO of the Wadsworth. “We are delighted to work with the Turnbull Studio in creating this major addition to the cityscape, particularly as the world is rediscovering Turnbull’s work.” The Wadsworth has been placing sculpture on Main Street for a century beginning with Enoch Woods’ sculpture honoring Nathan Hale which was installed in 1894 and has been on view ever since. Large Horse (1990) by Turnbull joins Tony Smith’s Amaryllis (1965), Conrad Shawcross’ monumental steel Monolith (Optic) (2016), and Woods’ Nathan Hale (1889) on the museum’s front lawn. Turnbull’s casting repertoire began in the early 1950s when his most frequent subjects included bronze masks, heads, and horses. Large Horse (1990) is the product of a late- career return to these three dominant themes. On loan to the Wadsworth from the artist’s estate, the nine-and-a-half-foot bronze is the largest cast metal sculpture Turnbull made.
    [Show full text]
  • Marquesan Adzes in Hawai'i: Collections, Provenance
    University of Hawai‘i at Hilo HOHONU 2015 Vol. 13 outside the Marquesas have never been found in the Marquesan Adzes in Hawai‘i: island group (Allen 2014:11), but this groundbreaking Collections, Provenance, and discovery was spoiled by the revelation that a yachtsman who had visited both places had donated the artifacts, Sourcing and apparently mixed them up before doing so (202). Hattie Le‘a Wheeler Gerrish Researchers with access to other sources of information Anthropology 484 can avoid possible pitfalls. Garanger (1967) laments, Fall 2014 “What amount of dispersed artifacts were illegally exported by the numerous voyagers drawn by the Abstract mirage of the “South Seas” and now irrevocably lost to In 1953, Jack and Leah Wheeler returned to science?” (390). It is my intent to honor the wishes of Hawai'i with 13 adze heads and one stone pounder my maternal grandparents, Jack and Leah Wheeler, that they had obtained during their travels in the Marquesas, the artifacts they (legally) brought home to Hawai'i from Tuamotus, and Society Islands. The rather general the East Pacific not be “irrevocably lost to science.” I provenance of these artifacts presents a challenge will attempt to source their stone artifacts, and discover that illustrates the benefits of combining XRF with what geochemistry can tell us of these tools of uncertain other sources of information, and the limits of current provenance. My experience strengthens my belief that knowledge of Pacific geochemistry. EDXRF reveals that combining non-destructive EDXRF with other sources five of the artifacts are likely made of stone from the of information such as oral history, written accounts, Eiao quarry, and the rest may represent five additional and morphological comparison, enhances the value of sources.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 8: Fire Fighter Tools and Equipment 27
    Chapter 8: Fire Fighter Tools and Equipment 27 Chapter 8: Fire Fighter Tools and Equipment Matching 1. E (page 273) 3. I (page 281) 5. C (page 284) 7. D (page 276) 9. F (page 276) 2. A (page 273) 4. B (page 284) 6. G (page 269) 8. H (page 274) 10. J (page 284) Multiple Choice 1. C (page 272) 6. B (page 274) 11. D (page 272) 16. C (page 275) 2. D (page 280) 7. A (page 272) 12. C (page287) 17. D (page 284) 3. D (page 268) 8. A (page 277) 13. A (page 284) 18. B (page 281) 4. B (page 284) 9. B (page 286) 14. A (page 277) 19. D (page 284) 5. C (page 268) 10. D (page 277) 15. D (page 277) 20. D (page 286) Vocabulary 1. Claw bar: A tool with a pointed claw-hook on one end and a forked- or f lat-chisel pry on the other end that can be used for forcible entry. (page 274) 2. Reciprocating saw: A saw powered by either an electric motor or a battery motor that rapidly pulls the saw blade back and forth. (page 278) 3. Overhaul: The phase in which you examine the fire scene carefully and ensure that all hidden fires are extinguished. (page 285) 4. Gripping pliers: A hand tool with a pincer-like working end that can also be used to bend wire or hold smaller objects. (page 269) 5. Crowbar: A straight bar made of steel or iron with a forked-like chisel on the working end.
    [Show full text]
  • Provenance Studies of Polynesian Basalt Adze Material: a Review and Suggestions for Improving Regional Data Bases
    Provenance Studies of Polynesian Basalt Adze Material: A Review and Suggestions for Improving Regional Data Bases MARSHALL 1. WEISLER PACIFIC ARCHAEOLOGISTS have long been interested in the settlement of Polyne­ sia, the origin of colonizing groups at distant archipelagoes, and subsequent social interaction between island societies (see, for example, Howard 1967; Irwin 1990; Kirch and Green 1987). Early material studies in Polynesia inferred migration routes and social interaction from the distribution of similar architecture, especially marae (Emory 1943; also R. Green 1970), adzes (Emory 1961), and fishhooks (Sinoto 1967). The identification of exotic raw materials and finished artifacts throughout Polynesia eliminates the ambiguity often presented by linking stylistic similarities across space and through time. In relation to the long history of identifying exotic lithic materials from archaeological sites (see, for example, Grimes 1979), the compositional analysis of oceanic obsidians was begun quite recently (Key 1968). The efficacy of chemical characterization of artifacts and quarry material in New Zealand provided the in­ centive to apply similar techniques to obsidian of the southwest Pacific, where several large sources were known and where the archaeological distribution of this material was tl)ought to be widespread (Ambrose 1976). Although it has been possible to define the spread and interaction of human groups in the southwest Pacific by determining the spatial and temporal distribution of obsidian and pot­ tery, these materials are restricted to a few areas in Polynesia. Consequently, the effort to document prehistoric interaction throughout Polynesia must proceed without using obsidian or pottery. This leaves only basalt (debitage, formed arti­ facts, and oven stones), pearlshell, and volcanic glass as material for distributional studies (Best et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Design of the Bow 1 B.W
    The Design of the Bow 1 B.W. Kooi Abstract The invention of the bow and arrow probably ranks for social impact with the inven- tion of the art of kindling a ¯re and the invention of the wheel. It must have been in prehistoric times that the ¯rst missile was launched with a bow, we do not know where and when. The event may well have occurred in di®erent parts of the world at about the same time or at widely di®ering times. Numerous kinds of bows are known, they may have long limbs or short limbs, upper and lower limbs may be equal or unequal in length whilst cross-sections of the limbs may take various shapes. Wood or steel may be used, singly as in `self' bows, or mixed when di®erent layers are glued together. There are `composite' bows with layers of several kinds of organic material, wood, sinew and horn, and, in modern forms, layers of wood and synthetic plastics reinforced with glass¯bre or carbon. The shape of the bow when relaxed, may be straight or recurved, where the curvature of the parts of the limbs of the unstrung bow is opposite to the way they are flexed to ¯t the string. In previous papers we have dealt with the mechanics of the bow and arrow. The main subject of this paper is the design and construction of bows. Nondimension- alization of the problem leads to the introduction of the maximum elastic energy storage capacity per unit of mass as a material constant for strength.
    [Show full text]
  • The Wood-Carver's Art in Ancient Mexico
    1 si Vol. H THE WOOD-CARVER'S ART IN ANCIENT MEXICO BY MARSHALL H. SAVILLE NEW YORK MUSEUM OF THE AMERICAN INDIAN HEYE FOUNDATION 1925 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MUSEUM OF THE AMERICAN INDIAN HEYE FOUNDATION VOLUME IX THE WOOD-CARVER'S ART IN ANCIENT MEXICO SAVILL6--MEXICAN WOOD-CARVER'S ATLATLS FRONT AND REAR VIEWS MUSEUM OF THE AMERICAN INDIAN HEYE FOUNDATION. NEW YORK THE WOOD-CARVER'S ART IN ANCIENT MEXICO BY MARSHALL H. SAVILLE NEW YORK MUSEUM OF THE AMERICAN INDIAN HEYE FOUNDATION 19 25 PANDICK PRESS, NEW YORK CITY JAMES B. FORD Generous and sympathetic patron of geographical, natural history, and anthropological research, counselor and friend of institutions and individuals in their pursuit of knowledge, this volume is dedi- cated by the Board of Trustees of the Museum of the American Indian Heye Foundation in commemoration of his eightieth anniversary. New York, June 9, 1925 PREFACE THIS study of the Wood-carver's Art in Ancient Mexico is a sequence of the writer's monograph on Turquois Mosaic Art in Ancient Mexico, in the publication of which the description and illustration of the collection of Mexican mosaics in the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, were the chief object. In like manner the main incentive for the preparation of the present mono- graph is the description and illustration of two splendid examples of Mexican wood-carving which came to the Museum with the mosaic collection, the gift of Mr. James B. Ford. As it was our privilege to include in the former book all the known examples of mosaics from Mexico, it has been equally our good fortune to have examined practically all of the known specimens of wood-carving in the museums of Europe and Mexico, in order to complete our investigations of the subject.
    [Show full text]
  • Stone Adzes Or Antler Wedges
    STONE ADZES OR ANTLER WEDGES ? AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PREHISTORIC TREE -FELLING IN THE NORTHWESTERN BOREAL REGION Jacques Cinq-Mars Department of Anthropology, 13-15 HM Tory Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3; [email protected] or [email protected] Raymond Le Blanc Department of Anthropology, University of Alberta; [email protected] ABSTRACT “Adze-cut stumps” is the name commonly used by both local residents and passing ethnographers and archaeologists to designate culturally modified tree stumps that are known to occur in many areas of the Northwestern boreal forest. As the name implies, they have been viewed as indicative of ancient logging or tree-felling activities, presumably carried out with stone adzes, and whose resulting particu- lar morphological attributes have long been interpreted as indicative of a relatively great antiquity, i.e., generally dating back to (or prior to) the period of European contact when traded steel axes quickly replaced the stone adzes. However, a close examination of available ethnographic data, personal field observations, and, particularly, the first results of an experimental tree-felling study indicate quite convincingly that such features should best be interpreted as having been created by an entirely dif- ferent technique making use of “antler wedges.” Furthermore, field observations from the Old Crow/ Porcupine area can be used to suggest that quite a number of these “stumps,” especially when found in clusters, may well be associated with the construction and maintenance of caribou fences, semisubter- ranean housepits, and various types of caches. Finally, recently obtained preliminary dendrochrono- logical results and radiocarbon dates indicate that these “stumps” are indeed precontact in age, and that some of them date back to at least the beginning of the second millennium ad.
    [Show full text]
  • Tools and Technology
    TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGY Developed by Barclay Kopchak Developed by Leslie Fogg A Publication of Chugachmiut Heritage Preservation Department 1840 Bragaw Street, Suite 110, Anchorage, AK 99508-3463 With support from US Department of Education, ANE Grant #S356AQ09090054-10 We would like to thank the following people and institutions for their contribution: Leslie Fogg, Pua Weichart, Virginia Lacy, Johnny Moonin, Cordova Historical Museum, The National Museum of Natural History at the Smithsonian Institute, Holly Nordlum at Naniq Design, and Great Originals. TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGY Copyright © Chugachmiut, 2013. Produced by the Chugachmiut Heritage Preservation Department, under the supervision of Helen Morris, with assistance from Rhoda Moonin, Barclay Kopchak, Jed Palmer, Hanna Eklund, Helen Loescher and Bernice Tetpon. Copies of this publication can be ordered from: Chugachmiut Heritage Preservation Department 1840 Bragaw Street, Suite 110, Anchorage, Alaska 99508 Tel: 907-562-4155 Fax: 907-563-2891 www.chugachmiut.org Funded by the United States Department Education, ANA Grant Number S356A090054. Other Heritage Kits available: Abundance of Birds , Medicinal Plants, They are Hunting, Sugpiaq Clothing, Driftwood, Grass and Plant Fibers, Honoring the Seal, Native Trade and Change, Storytelling , Gathering Plants to Eat, Ancestry, Our Foods from the Sea, Symbols, Wamluk – Let’s Play, Alutiiq Hunting Hats, Traditional Fishing. Table Of Contents OVERVIEW ...............................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Handtools for Trail Work Forest Service
    United States In cooperation Department of with Agriculture Handtools for Trail Work Forest Service Technology & 2005 Edition Development Program 2300 Recreation February 2005 0523–2810P–MTDC You can order a copy of this document using the order form on the FHWA’s Recreational Trails Program Web site Notice at <http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/rectrails/trailpub .htm>. This document was produced in cooperation with the Recreational Trails Program of the U.S. Department of Fill out the order form and submit it electronically. Transportation’s Federal Highway Administration in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government Or you may email your request to: assumes no liability for the use of information contained in [email protected] this document. Or mail your request to: The U.S. Government does not endorse products or manu- Szanca Solutions/FHWA PDC facturers. Trademarks or manufacturers’ names appear in 13710 Dunnnings Highway this report only because they are considered essential to Claysburg, PA 16625 the objective of this document. Fax: 814–239–2156 The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, Produced by: who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data USDA Forest Service, MTDC presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect 5785 Hwy. 10 West the official policy of the U.S. Department of Transportation. Missoula, MT 59808-9361 This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or Phone: 406–329–3978 regulation. Fax: 406–329–3719 Email: [email protected] Web site: http://www.fs.fed.us/eng/pubs —Cover photo: The 1924 Trail Gang in the Flume, Courtesy of the Appalachian Mountain Club.
    [Show full text]
  • Bind Analysis & Cut Sequence
    Bind Analysis & Cut Sequence For Trainee Saw Operators and Saw Operators April 2017 75 Course Overview Types of Binds Types of Cuts General Considerations Hazard Tree Scenario 76 Types of Binds Top bind Bottom bind Side bind End bind Compound binds 77 Top Bind Bearing Point Bearing Point Top cut and finish from bottom – add pie cut if needed Top Bind Top cut and finish from bottom Top Bind Cut from Top and Wedge Top Bind (Wildland Fire Chain Saws, S-212 Video, National Wildfire Coordinating Group) Bottom Bind Bearing Point Underbuck – Then top cut – Be ready for lots of movement 82 Bottom Bind Cut at Bearing Point, when possible Bottom Bind Watch kerf as it opens during release cut Bottom Bind (Wildland Fire Chain Saws, S-212 Video, National Wildfire Coordinating Group) Side Bind Bearing Point Bearing Point Bearing Point Safely relieve bind on compression side PCTA - Safety & Review April 2017 86 Side Bind Cut at the point of compression if possible This is an example of what not to do… 87 Side Bind (Wildland Fire Chain Saws, S-212 Video, National Wildfire Coordinating Group) 88 End Bind Weight of log causes compressive forces ‐ use wedges End Bind (Wildland Fire Chain Saws, S-212 Video, National Wildfire Coordinating Group) End Bind Weight of log causes compressive forces - use wedges 91 Compound Binds Compound binds are a combination of two or more binds Binds can move and change during the cutting process Cutting the log reduces weight in sections and changes bind Moving bearing points changes binds Side binds usually transition to
    [Show full text]